PRINCIPLES AND

ELEMENTS OF DESIGN
Group 1
 Principle and
element of design

• Elements of design
composes of
line,shape,color,
value,form,texture,and
space while principle
of design composes of
balance,contrast,empha
sis, movement,pattern
rhythm and unity
 The principles of design
combine the elements to create a
composition, they are the
guidelines used to arrange the
elements.

Principle of design
 5 principles of design

Balance Proportion Rhythm Emphasis Harmony

 BALANCE

• The design should be identified on both sides which

maybe formed in two ways such as having equal
weight in color , shape and size on each side of
design[symmetrically or the formal balance]and the
opposite of formal balance in which design have
unequal proportion [asymmetrically or the informal
balnce]
 PROPORTION

• Is a connection of all parts of an object.it

refers to the size and scale of the various
elements in a design.
 EMPHASIS

• Its marks the location in a

composition which most strongly
draw the viewer attention, it is also
referred as the focal point.
 RHYTHM
These are smooth movement of
lines and colors which carry the
eyes along in motion.
 HARMONY

• A relationship of different portion of a

design. This principle shows repetion of
line, form, shape and size to give a
feeling of oneness.
 • Design elements are the basic units of any
visual design which form its structure and
convey visual messages. The elements of
7 elements design are line, shape, form, space, texture,
tone (or value) and color, "These elements
of design are the materials from which all designs are
built."
 LINE
• Line is an element of art defined by a point moving in space. Lines can be
vertical, horizontal, diagonal or curved. They can be any width or texture.
And can be continuous, implied, or broken. On top of that, there are
different types of line, aside from the ones previously mentioned. For
example, you could have a line that is horizontal and zigzagged or a line
that is vertical and zigzagged. Different lines create different moods, it all
depends on what mood you are using a line to create.
 SHAPE
• A shape is defined as a two dimensional area that stands out from the space next
to or around it due to a defined or implied boundary, or because of differences of
value, color, or texture.
• For example, a square that is drawn on a piece of paper is considered a shape. It
is created with a series of lines which serve as a boundary that shapes the square
and separates it from the space around it that is not part of the square.
 SPACE
• Space can be understood as that part of your photograph that exists around
a subject, usually the part of the frame that's empty or filled with a vast
expanse of sky, water or some other simple background element that
doesn't have a lot of distracting elements of its own.
 FORM
• Form is a three-dimensional object with volume of height, width and
depth. These objects include cubes, spheres and cylinders. Form is often
used when referring to physical works of art, like sculptures, as form is
connected most closely with three-dimensional works
When a shape acquires depth and becomes three-dimensional, then it
takes on form. For example a circle is a shape. Corresponding forms can
be cylinders and spheres. A triangle is a shape which can be a pyramid as
a form. In addition to geometric forms, there can also be amorphous
forms.
 TEXTURE
• Texture can be used to attract or repel interest to an element, depending on how pleasant the texture is perceived to be.
Texture can also be used to add complex detail into the composition of a design.

Types of texture
• Tactile texture, also known as "actual texture", refers to the physical three-dimensional texture of an object. Tactile texture
can be perceived by the sense of touch. A person can feel the tactile texture of a sculpture by running their hand over its
surface and feelings its ridges and dents.
• Visual texture, also referred to as "implied texture", is not detectable by our sense of touch, but by our sense of sight. Visual
texture is the illusion of a real texture on a two-dimensional surface.Any texture perceived in an image or photograph is a
visual texture. A photograph of rough tree bark is considered a visual texture. It creates the impression of a real texture on a
two-dimensional surface which would remain smooth to the touch no matter how rough the represented texture is. In order
to create a sense of texture in a picture it is important to pay attention to the direction of the lighting of the subject. Front and
back lit subjects are less likely to result in a picture with a high degree of apparent texture. Side lighting is typically the best
choice, taking care to explore small changes in the angle of the camera to the subject. As noted in the following picture you
can also have reflected light helping to create shadows to boost the impression of a textured surface.
 COLOR
• Color is fundamental to establishing the mood and tone of a design. In
fact, this visual element is so important that both artists and designers will
devote themselves to the study of color theory. There are many properties
to color. Color variations and the relationships between colors can affect
the specific emotion that a design communicates to your viewer.
 VALUE
• Value refers to the relative lightness or darkness of the central
compositional elements in a design. The lightest value is white, and the
lowest value is black. Between these two poles exists a full range of tonal
values. Value helps provide the illusion of light and three-dimensional
form within a design. Like color, value also plays an important role in
communicating the mood and setting within the pictorial space.
 COLOR SCHEME

• The beauty of any color scheme depends upon

how well the colors harmonize.To harmonize,
color must appear to belong together.This is what
we referred as the COLOR SCHEME.
 TYPES OF COLOR SCHEMES

1. MONOCHROMATIC COLOR
2. ADJACENT COLOR HARMONY
3. COMPLEMENTARY COLOR HARMONY
 MONOCHROMATIC

It is one color harmony that

uses the same color in
different values and intensity.
 ADJACENT COLOR HARMONY

It is also known as analogous color

harmony that are next to each other on
the color wheel.
 COMPLEMENTARY
It is very pleasing color that are opposite in the color
wheel.
 STEPS IN TRANSFERRING DESIGN
1. Form the soft absorbment cloth into ball
2. Mix 1 part indigo and 1 ½ parts kerosene or petroleum to make a smooth
thin paste. This will be your bluing mixture.
3. Spread sheet of newspaper on a flat surface.Lay the fabric on the
newspaper.Be sure the warp and woof threads of the fabric are alligned.
4. Lay the perforated pattern a smooth side up on the part of the fabric
where the design is to be palced.Pin the corners of the design
5. Dip the ball of cloth in blueing mixture.Rub the ball of cloth over the
design in one stroke or direction only.
 STEPS IN TRANSFERRING DESIGN​

6. To check if the design had been correctly transferred,

lift one corner of the pattern carefully.
7. When the design has been fully transferred, remove
the perforated pattern.Using a small amount of kerosene,
clear the design of unwanted imprints.Air dry your
finished.
 GOOD WORKING HABITS
To ensure cleanliness and maintain the good quality of your work, always bear in mind the
following good working habits.

1. Have clean sewing box with complete sewing tools.

2. Wash your hand before working.
3. Assemble all needed materials.
4. Clip or tie your hair while working so you can see your work clearly.
5. Use the appropriate needle for the right kind of cloth.
6. Put your scraps of cloth and thread in a plastic bag.
 GOOD WORKING HABITS

7. Use the embroidery scissor in cutting thread, not your teeth

8. An elbow length of thread is appropriate to use for easier sewing .
9. Work with your hands and not with your lips.
10. Follow the step-by-step procedure.
11.Fold correctly and keep your fabric in plastic after working each day
12. Clean your working area before living the room.
 THANKS FOR LISTENING!!!

CREATED BY:GROUP 1
 MEMBERS OF GROUP 1

Leader:Dianna Rose E. Caino

• Adrian P. Doncillo
• Jilliane Mae A. Dela Cruz
• Josephine Buyo
• Eunice R. Balajadia
• James Austria
• Race Mico Cabingao
• Risha Kathleen Concepcion
• Kian Arcega