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Week 3
SELF-LEARNING PACKAGE IN
GENERAL PHYSICS 1
Uniformly Accelerated Motion
Learning Competency:
• Convert a verbal description of a physical situation involving uniform acceleration in one dimension
into a mathematical description STEM_GP12Kin-Ib-12
• Interpret displacement and velocity, respectively, as areas under velocity vs. time and acceleration vs.
time curves STEM_GP12KINIb-14
• Interpret velocity and acceleration, respectively, as slopes of position vs. time and velocity vs. time
curves STEM_GP12KINIb-15
• Construct velocity vs. time and acceleration vs. time graphs, respectively, corresponding to a given
position vs. time-graph and velocity vs. time graph and vice versa STEM_GP12KINIb-16
• Solve for unknown quantities in equations involving one-dimensional uniformly accelerated motion ,
including free fall motion STEM_GP12KINIb-17
• Solve problems involving one-dimensional motion with constant acceleration in contexts such as, but
not limited to, the “tail-gating phenomenon”, pursuit, rocket launch, and freefall problems
STEM_GP12KINIb-19
2
Ready to Launch!
If you throw a ball up, how high will it be? What can you say about the
acceleration of a basketball thrown to the basket? Most often, acceleration takes
place in every moving object, and they may be uniform or non-uniform. Whatev-
er the case, motion is observe everywhere. As they say, no particle in the uni-
verse is absolutely at rest.
Our exploration of the physical world will start at the concept of Mechan-
ics, that is, observing relationships between matter, forces, and motion. No
doubt, these three are basic concepts of Physics. Specifically, the concept of mo-
tion involves many physical quantities which maybe familiar to us. These are
velocity, speed, distance, time, displacement and acceleration. This week, we
will start with the simplest of motion– that is motion along a straight path.
Try This!
• List the things that you find common to a
sliding ball and that of the falling apple
ACTIVITY (DAY 1)
30cm
30cm
30cm
3. Put a blockage (e.g ruler or book} on the first interval, then position
the ball or any round object at the top end of the inclined plane. Using a stop-
watch or timer in a cellphone, time the duration of the ball as it rolls from the
topmost end of the plane up to the time it hits the blockage. Record the time
elapse. Do this procedure two more times.
30cm
30cm
30cm TIME IT!
4. Repeat procedure #3 but put the blockage to the second interval for
three trials, then on the third interval for another three trials.
30c 30c
30c 30c
30c 30c
First Block
Second
Third
Instruction:
1. Set up same material as that in task 1A but this time with base blanket or
any plane cloth on the floor.
2. , Measure three positions 30cm apart where the topmost part of the plane to
be the first and the third somewhere in the middle part (refer to the illustration be-
low).
30cm
30cm
30cm Blanket
3. Put the ball on the first position( at the topmost part), then let it roll down up
to the bottom part. Measure the time duration for the ball to reach the bottom part of
the plane. The time( to )measured here will be done only once.
4. Put again the ball on the first position( at the topmost part), then let it roll
down up to the bottom part and continue along the blanket until it stop. Measure the
time duration from release up to the time it will stop. Measure also the distance cov-
ered by the ball from the base of the inclined plane up to the point it stop. Do this in
three trials. Record the data.
6. Repeat procedure #4, this time the ball to be put on second and third posi-
tion.
7. Complete the table on the next page.
5
Position to t1 d1 t2 d2 t3 d3
1st
2nd
3rd
ANALYSIS(DAY 1)
To deepen your ideas about the activities, you may answer in a separate
physics notebook all guide questions provided;
1. Based from the activity, how will you verbally define acceleration? Did
the activity showed uniformly accelerated motion? Explain.
2. Mathematically, how will you describe acceleration? How about uni-
formly accelerated motion?
3. There are factors to consider for a motion to have uniform accelera-
tion, in the activity, what are some of the considerations you think should be
present so that what you observe is really uniformly accelerated motion?
4. What causes the ball to accelerate in the first part of the activity and
for it to decelerate in the second part? Explain.
6
ACTIVITY (DAY 1)
3
2
B C 4
1
D
A
Time (second)
ACTIVITY (DAY 1)
2
3
1
B C
4
A
D
Time (second)
ACTIVITY (DAY 2)
C
Displacement (m, North)
B
D
Time (second)
ACTIVITY (DAY 2)
E
Velocity (m/s, North)
C D
B
Time (second)
ACTIVITY (DAY 2)
A B
A
Time (second)
Time (second) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Velocity (m/s)
velocity vs time
graph, you may use a
colored pen / ball-
pen. Utilize an empty
plane on the right.
Time (second)
11
ACTIVITY (DAY 2)
D
velocity (m/s, North)
B
A
A
Time (second)
Time (second) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Velocity (m/s)
table to construct a
displacement vs
time graph, you
may use a colored
pen / ballpen. Uti-
lize an empty carte-
sian plane on the
right.
Time (second)
12
ACTIVITY (DAY 2)
C
B D
A
Time (second)
Time (second) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Acceleration
ACTIVITY (DAY 2)
D
B
C
Time (second)
Time (second) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Velocity (m/s)
Time (second)
14
ANALYSIS(DAY 1 and 2)
To deepen your ideas about the activities, you may answer in a separate
physics notebook all guide questions provided;
1. What does the bound area represent in velocity time graph?
2. What does the bound area represent in acceleration vs time graph?
3. In a velocity vs. time graph, what does a slant straight line means?
4. Recalling your topic in Basic calculus, how is this activity related with
definite integral?
5. Looking at the graphs, when can you say that a moving body deceler-
ate (has negative acceleration)?
6. Can we use bound area to solve for the acceleration? Explain.
7. How do finding bound area and finding slope of the line differs in
terms of the quantity they represent?
8. What does the slope represent in displacement vs time graph? In veloc-
ity vs. time graph?
Self—Test
B.
ACTIVITY (DAY 3)
3rd Equation:
a = constant acceleration
= time elapsed
Carefully analyze the following problems and solve for the unknown quanti-
ties.
1. The car moves on a very long straight highway at an initial velocity of 2.0
m/s when it started to accelerate at a rate of 1.5 m/s 2. When the car
reaches a displacement of 1km, it started to decelerate at constant rate
until it stop.
A. What is the car’s final velocity( assumed that the car directs in a constant
direction) before it started to decelerate (slow down)?
Write here the known quan- Write here the un- Write here the most
tities (Given): known quantity appropriate formula:
(Required):
Write here the known quan- Write here the un- Write here the most
tities (Given): known quantity appropriate formula:
(Required):
Write here the known quan- Write here the un- Write here the most
tities (Given): known quantity appropriate formula:
(Required):
B. How much time the ball requires to reach back to level ground?
Write here the known quan- Write here the un- Write here the most
tities (Given): known quantity appropriate formula:
(Required):
FYI: It is not surprising that free-falling motion when air resistance is negligible, in-
deed is also a uniformly accelerated motion.
18
C
1 B • Graph 2 shows Uni-
formly Decelerated
A Motion (uniform speed
decrease)
Time (second)
The Bound Area of a velocity vs time graph represents the displacement made
by the moving object for a certain time duration. Mathematically, this can be solve
using the Riemann Sum of simply a definite integral. In the illustration above, solv-
ing for bound area will only utilize area of rectangle and/or triangle.
Area A is an area of triangle with base Area B is an area of rectangle with base
3units and height 8 units 4units and height 5 units, while Area C
is an area of triangle with base 4 units
A = 0.5(base)(height) , base = 3 , height = 8
and height 3 units.
D1 = A = 0.5 (3 sec)(8m/s)
Area B = (base)(height) , base = 4 height = 5
D1= 0.5(24) = 12 m, East
= (4 sec)(5m/s) = 20 m
Area C = 0.5(12) = 6 m
• Graph 1 shows
Non-uniform Accel-
2 erated Motion
C • Graph 2 shows
1 B Non-uniform Decel-
A erated Motion
Time (second)
Area A is an area of triangle with base Area B is an area of rectangle with base
3units and height 8 units 4units and height 5 units, while Area C
is an area of triangle with base 4 units
A = 0.5(base)(height) , base = 3 , height = 8
and height 3 units.
D1 = A = 0.5 (3sec)(8m/s2)
Area B = (base)(height) , base = 4 height = 5
D1= 0.5(24) = 12 m/s, East
= (4 sec)(5m/s2) = 20 m/s, East
= 0.5 (4 sec)(3m/s2)
A
Time (second)
Definition of Velocity
It is defined as the rate of change in displacement. In short, the slope of
a line segment in a displacement vs. time graph represent the change in veloc-
ity for a specific time duration.
velocity (m/s, North)
A
Time (second)
Definition of Acceleration
Acceleration is defined as the rate of change in velocity. Likewise, the
slope of a line segment in a velocity vs. time graph represent the acceleration
for a specific time duration.
22
a = constant acceleration
vi = initial velocity
Note: All equations presented above are TRUE only for Motion with constant ac-
celeration
Reflect
C
A
A
Time (hour)