LESSON 6 S and T NATION BUILDING

Villaflor, Vhel Lizter T.

CEIT-01-604P

GE07 Science, Technology and Society

Ruby T. Cruz
Rizal Technological University
Mandaluyong, Philippines
March 15, 2023
 The Department of Science and Technology (DOST) National Research and
Development Agenda is a comprehensive framework that outlines the country's priorities for
research and development. The agenda aims to address the country's socio-economic needs,
promote sustainable development, and enhance the country's competitiveness. It covers various
sectors, such as agriculture, health, industry, energy, and environment, and includes topics such
as science education, science and technology infrastructure, and innovation.

The seven research and development institutes under the DOST are:

1. Advanced Science and Technology Institute (ASTI)

2. Food and Nutrition Research Institute (FNRI)
3. Forest Products Research and Development Institute (FPRDI)
4. Industrial Technology Development Institute (ITDI)
5. Metals Industry Research and Development Center (MIRDC)
6. Philippine Nuclear Research Institute (PNRI)
7. Science and Technology Information Institute (STII)
These institutes conduct research and development in various fields, such as information and
communication technology, food and nutrition, forest products, industrial technology, metallurgy,
nuclear science, and science and technology information.

The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) were a set of eight goals established by the United
Nations in 2000 to address poverty and promote sustainable development worldwide. The goals
were to:
Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
Achieve universal primary education
Promote gender equality and empower women
Reduce child mortality
Improve maternal health
Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases
Ensure environmental sustainability
Develop a global partnership for development
The MDGs provided a framework for development efforts worldwide and helped focus attention
and resources on the most critical areas of need.
a. Filipino scientists have made significant contributions to various fields of science, including
physics, biology, medicine, and engineering. Some notable Filipino scientists include:
Arturo Alcaraz, who developed the first Filipino-made microchip
Lourdes J. Cruz, who discovered conotoxins, a group of neurotoxins found in cone snails that
have potential medical applications
Angel Alcala, a marine biologist who helped establish marine sanctuaries in the Philippines and
discovered new species of fish
b. The Outstanding Young Scientists (OYS) award is given by the National Academy of Science
and Technology (NAST) to young Filipino scientists who have made significant contributions to
their respective fields. The award aims to encourage young scientists to continue their research
and development efforts and to promote excellence in science and technology in the country.
c. The Balik Scientist Program is a government program that encourages Filipino scientists and
technologists working abroad to return to the Philippines and contribute to the country's
scientific and technological development. The program provides incentives such as tax
exemptions, travel expenses, and research grants to returning scientists.
d. There are many notable Filipino scientists working around the world in various fields, such as
physics, engineering, and medicine. Some examples include:
Michio Kaku, a theoretical physicist who is known for his work on string theory and who has
appeared in numerous television programs
Reynaldo Echavez, an engineer who developed an artificial heart valve that is now widely used
in heart surgeries
Fe del Mundo, a pediatrician who was the first woman to be admitted to Harvard Medical School
and who established the first pediatric hospital in the Philippines.
LESSON 7 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY

Villaflor, Vhel Lizter T.

CEIT-01-604P

GE07 Science, Technology and Society

Ruby T. Cruz
Rizal Technological University
Mandaluyong, Philippines
March 22, 2023
 Intellectual property (IP) rights are legal protections that provide inventors and creators
exclusive ownership and control over their creations or inventions in science and technology
(S&T). These rights can incentivize innovators to invest their time, resources, and effort in S&T
research by providing them with the opportunity to monetize and profit from their work.
Patents are a form of IP rights granted to inventors for a limited time period in exchange
for public disclosure of their invention. They protect the invention from being made, used, or
sold by others without the owner's permission. For example, pharmaceutical companies patent
new drugs to prevent other companies from producing and selling the same drug without their
consent.

Trademarks protect brand names, logos, and symbols used to identify a particular product
or service. They prevent others from using similar designs that may confuse customers or dilute
the original brand's value. For example, Apple Inc. has trademarked its distinctive logo and
product names, such as iPhone and iPad.

Copyrights protect creative works, such as literature, music, and films. They give the
creator exclusive rights to use, reproduce, or distribute their work. For example, J.K. Rowling
holds the copyright to the Harry Potter books, preventing others from publishing or selling
unauthorized versions of her work.

Trade secrets are confidential information that provide a competitive advantage to the
company that owns them. They can include formulas, recipes, or processes that are kept secret
from competitors. For example, Coca-Cola's formula for its signature drink is a trade secret,
allowing the company to maintain its competitive advantage in the soft drink industry.

Technological dishonesty refers to unethical and illegal behavior related to technology

and innovation, which can harm progress in S&T research. Examples of technological dishonesty
include:
Plagiarism, which involves using someone else's work or ideas without giving proper
credit. This can lead to academic and professional consequences. For example, a scientist who
plagiarizes another researcher's work may have their article rejected by a journal, impacting their
career.

Falsifying research results, which involves manipulating data or presenting false

information to mislead readers. This can harm public trust and credibility in S&T research. For
example, a researcher who falsifies data in a clinical trial may cause harm to patients who
receive an ineffective or harmful treatment.
 Stealing trade secrets, which involves obtaining confidential information from
competitors. This can harm their competitive advantage and lead to legal consequences. For
example, a company that steals another company's trade secrets may be sued for damages and
forced to pay penalties.

Infringing on IP rights, which involves using someone else's invention, brand, or creative
work without permission. This can result in legal penalties and damages. For example, a
company that uses a competitor's trademark or patented technology without permission may be
sued for infringement.

To prevent technological dishonesty, researchers and innovators should prioritize honesty,

transparency, and integrity in their work. They should adhere to ethical guidelines and best
practices in conducting research and innovation. Additionally, legal systems can provide
penalties and consequences for those who engage in technological dishonesty, which can
discourage future unethical behavior and promote a culture of integrity in S&T research and
innovation.