α

, s1 and s2 in Eqs. (11) and (13) are the inner and oute
from the vertex of the cone shown in Fig. 2, while sp i
s the radial distance where the load P is exerted. I
is distributed on the inner edge of the spring, sp i
te that almost all of the analyses in this paper ar
ses with the application of P located at the inner edge
erwise. The constraint in Eq. (13) is required to ensur
edge of spring (s = s2) is immovable in the vertica
), but can slide in the horizontal direction. Th
Lagrange multiplier associated with the constrain