Proceedings of the ASME 2019 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference

PVP2019
July 14-19, 2019, San Antonio, Texas, USA

PVP2019-93155

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DESIGN EQUATION FOR MINIMUM REQUIRED THICKNESS OF A CYLINDRICAL SHELL
SUBJECT TO INTERNAL PRESSURE BASED ON VON MISES CRITERION


Fluor Enterprises, Inc.
Houston, Texas

 Criterion; k = 𝑆𝑆𝐿𝐿 for von Mises Criterion

√3
ABSTRACT
P Internal design pressure
Pep Value of internal pressure expected to result
Design equation (4.3.1) for the minimum required
in a maximum stress equal to the material
thickness of a cylindrical shell subjected to internal pressure in
yield strength in a plastic zone where
Part 4 “design by rule (DBR)” of the ASME Boiler and
𝑟𝑟 = 𝑅𝑅𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒
Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Division 2 [1] is based on
the Tresca Yield Criterion, while design by analysis (DBA) in PL Limit pressure
Part 5 of the Division 2 Code is based on the von Mises Yield Py Value of the internal pressure expected to
Criterion. According to ASME PTB-1 “ASME Section VIII – result in a maximum stress equal to the
Division 2 Criteria and Commentary”, the difference in results material yield strength
is about 15% due to use of the two different criteria. Although q Factor defined by Equation (29) to measure
the von Mises Yield Criterion will result in a shell wall accuracy of approximated von Mises
thickness less than that from Tresca Yield Criterion, Part 4 Criterion
(DBR) of ASME Division 2 adopts the latter for a more r Radius as a variable
convenient design equation. To use the von Mises Criterion in 𝑅𝑅 Inside radius of shell, R = D/2
lieu of Tresca to reduce shell wall thickness, one has to follow 𝑅𝑅𝑜𝑜 Outside radius of shell, 𝑅𝑅𝑜𝑜 = R + t
DBA rules in Part 5 of Division 2, which typically requires 𝑅𝑅𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 Radius at the elastic-plastic interface
detailed numeric analysis performed by experienced stress S Allowable stress defined by ASME Section
analysts. II, Part D
SL Uniaxial limit strength
This paper proposes a simple design equation for the t Required thickness of cylindrical shell
minimum required thickness of a cylindrical shell subjected to v Poisson’s ratio
internal pressure based on the von Mises Yield Criterion. The σ𝑟𝑟 Radial stress in a shell
equation is suitable for both thin and thick cylindrical shells. σθ Circumferential stress in a shell
Calculation results from the equation are validated by results σ𝑧𝑧 Longitudinal/axial stress in a shell
from limit load analyses in accordance with Part 5 of ASME 𝜀𝜀𝑧𝑧 Longitudinal strain
Division 2 Code.
ln( ) Natural logarithm notation
exp ( ) Exponential notation
NOMENCLATURE

D Inside diameter of shell INTRODUCTION

E Weld joint factor defined in Para 4.2.4 of
ASME Section VIII, Div.2 Code The general state of stress at any point in a structure such
𝑆𝑆
k Yield strength in shear. k = 𝐿𝐿 for Tresca as a pressure vessel, can be defined by three principal stresses.
2

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