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Parametros de Medidas Pediatricas
Parametros de Medidas Pediatricas
ref 1.
Adrenal Gland: Sonographic features of normal adrenal glands versus age2
Oppenheimer DA, Carroll BA, Yousem S. Sonography of the normal neonatal adrenal gland. Radiology 146:157-160, January 1983
Diagram used with permission for this Website.
Kangarloo H, Diament MJ, Gold RH, et al. Sonography of adrenal glands in neonates and children: changes in appearance with age. J
Clin ultrasound. 1986; 14: 43-47. (modified)
Ovarios
Normal Ovarian Size as a Function of Age
Note: Cysts: >80% of girls 1 day to 24 months.
<70% of girls between 2 and 12 years.
macrocysts (>9mm) may be seen in <20% of cystic ovaries. 1
Small cysts are seen in more than 80% of patients older than 5 years of age (mean <7.5 mm).
Cysts were seen in 68% of premenarcheal 2 to 12 year olds, 90 -95% of which were < 9mm (mean 6 mm).
References:
1. Cohen HL, Shapiro MA, Mandel FS, Shapiro ML. Normal ovaries in neonates and infants: a sonographic study of 77 patients 1
day to 24 months old. AJR 1993; 160: 583-586.
2. Orsini LF, Salardi S, Pilu G, et al. Pelvic organs in premenarcheal girls: real-time ultrasonography. Radiology 1984; 153:113-116.
3. Sample W, Lippe B, Geypes M. Gray scale ultrasonography of the normal female pelvis. Radiology 1977; 125:477-483.
In Source: Siegel MJ. Pediatric Sonography. Raven Press: New York. 1995. pp 438
2. Ivarsson S-A, Nilsson KO, Persson P-H. Ultrasonography of the pelvic organs in prepubertal and postpubertal girls. Arch
Dis Child 1983, 58, 352-354 (Used with permission from BMJ Publishing Group)
1. Ivarsson S-A, Nilsson KO, Persson P-H. Ultrasonography of the pelvic organs in
prepubertal and postpubertal girls. Arch Dis Child 1983, 58, 352-354 (Used with
permission from BMJ Publishing Group)
Renal Ultrasound Measurements
Graph of Normal Renal Volume vs Weight1
Renal Ultrasound Measurements
Length vs. Age1
1. Han BK, Babcock DS. Sonographic measurements and appearance of normal kidneys
in children. AJR 1985; 145(3):611-616. Tables used with permission.
References:
1. Cassorla Fg, Golden SM, Johnsonbaugh RD, et al. Testicular volume during
early infancy. J Pediatrics 1981; 99:742-743.
4. Siegel MJ, Pediatric Sonography, 2nd Ed. 1995 Raven Press
5. Atkinson GO, Patrick LE, Ball TI, et al. The normal and abnormal scrotum in
children: evaluation with color doppler sonography. AJR 1992;158:613-617
6. Kaplan SA. Clinical pediatric & adolescent endocrinology. W.B. Saunders. p.
307-308
Uterus
Normal Uterine Appearance and Dimensions
Fundal
Uterine Gross Cervical
Length (cm) Width of
Stage Features Width (cm)
Body (cm)
Cervix >
Neonatal*1 2.3 - 4.6 0.8 - 2.1 0.8 - 2.2
Fundus
Prepubertal+ Fundus/Body
2.0 - 3.3 0.5 - 1.0
1-12 years3 < Cervix
Postpubertal Fundus >
5-8 1.6 - 3.0
13-20 years 3
Cervix
*neonatal uterus regresses to about 2.5 cm at 1 month1.
+
After 7 years of age, there is uterine growth4.
References:
1. Nussbaum AR, Sanders RC, Jones MD. Neonatal uterine morphology
as seen on real-time US. Radiology 1986; 160: 641-643.
2. Ivarsson SA, Nilsson KO, Persson PH. Ultrasonography of the pelvic
organs in prepubertal and postpubertalgirls. Arch Dis Child. 1983;
58:352-354. (Used with permission from BMJ Publishing Group)
3. Sample W, Lippe B, Geypes M. Gray scale ultrasonography of the
normal female pelvis. Radiology 1977; 125:477-483.
4. Orsini LF, Salardi S, Pilu G, et al. Pelvic organs in premenarcheal
girls: real-time ultrasonography. Radiology 1984; 153: 113-116.
Volume calculation:
V = (H x W x D) X 0.625 mL1
H=height, W= width, D=depth
Site of measurement: sagittal plane: posterior inferior wall (away from rectum)
References:
1. Haken berg OW, Ryall RL, Langlois SL, et al: The
estimation of bladder volume by sonocystography. J Urol
1983; 130:249-251
2. Jequier S, Rousseau O. Sonographic measurements of
the normal bladder wall in children. AJR 149:563-566, Sep
1987
Sinuses
Visualization of the Paranasal Sinuses*
Maxillary 2 - 3 mo
Ethmoidal 3 - 6 mo
Sphenoidal 1 - 2 y
Frontal 8 -10 y
Transverse Longitudinal AP
Age
(cm) (cm) (cm)
Infants and
0.2 -
Young 1 - 1.5 2-3
1.2
Children
Adolescents
2-4 5-8 1 - 2.5
& Adults
Stomach 3 - 5
Duodenum < 3
Colon < 3
References:
1. Desai RK, Tagliabue JR, Wegryn SA, Einstein DM. CT evaluation of wall thickening
in the the alimentary tract. Radiographics 1991;11:771-783.
2. Fisher JK. Abnormal colonic wall thickening on computed tomography. J comput
assist tomogr 1983; 7: 90-97.
In Siegel MJ. Pediatric Body CT. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins: Philadelphia. 1999.
pp 204, 207, 219.
Appendix
Normal Appendix
CT < 8 < 2 - 4
References:
1. Kao SC, Smith WL, Abu-Yousef MM, et al. Acute appendicitis in children: sonographic findings. AJR 1989; 153:375-379.
2. Curtin KR, Fitzgerald SW, Nemcek AA, Hoff FL, Vogelzang RL. CT diagnosis of acute appendicitis: imaging findings. AJR
1995; 164:905-909.
Corona
Corona Wall
l Lengt Wall
AP AP l Lengt
h Thickne
Ag Diamet h Thickne
Diamet ss
e Diamet Diamet er ss
er (cm)
er (cm) er (cm) (cm)
(mm)
(y) (cm) (mm)
(cm) Rang
Mean Range Mean
e Mean
Range Range
Mean
1.3-
0-1 0.9 0.5-1.2 0.9 0.7-1.4 2.5 1.7 1.0-3.0
3.4
2.9-
2-5 1.7 1.4-2.3 1.8 1.0-3.9 4.2 2.0 None
5.2
4.4-
6-8 1.8 1.0-2.4 2.0 1.2-3.0 5.6 2.2 2.0-3.0
7.4
9- 3.4-
1.9 1.2-3.2 2.0 1.0-3.6 5.5 2.0 1.0-3.0
11 6.5
12- 3.8-
2.0 1.3-2.8 2.1 1.6-3.0 6.1 2.0 1.0-3.0
16 8.0
1. McGahan JP, Phillips HE, Cox KL. Sonography of the normal pediatric gallbladder and biliary tract.
Radiology 1982; 144(4): 873-875. Tables modified and used with permission for this Website.
Pancreas
Normal Pancreas Size as a Function of Age (Ultrasound)*1
Portal Vein
Normal Main Portal Vein Size on Ultrasound as a Function of
Age
Pylorus
References:
1. Blumhagen JD, Maclin L, Krauter D, Rosenbaum DM, Weinberger E. Sonographic diagnosis of hypertophic pyloric stenosis.
AJR 1988; 150:1367-1370.
2. Blumhagen JD, Weinberger E. Pediatric gastrointestinal ultrasounography. In : Ultrasound annual. New York: Raven Press;
1986; 99-140.
3. O'Keefe FN, Stansberry SD, Swischuk LE, Hayden CK Jr. Antropyloric muscle thickness at US in infants: what is normal?
Radiology 1991; 178: 827-830.
3. Rollins MD, Shields MD, Quinn RJM, et al. Pyloric stenosis: congential or acquired? Arch Dis Child 1989; 64:138-147.
Spleen
Ultrasound: Normal Spleen Size versus Age1
Transverse Longitudinal
Age AP (cm)
(cm) (cm)
Infants and
Young 1 - 1.5 2-3 0.2 - 1.2
Children
Adolescents
2-4 5-8 1 - 2.5
& Adults