FIRE EXTINGUISHER DRONE

A PROJECT REPORT

     Submitted by
Group B
ABHINAV S R (20918501)

ASHISH UJJWAL (20918514)

ASWIN DEV J S (20918515)

BHAWNA SINHA (20918516)

MUKUND KUMAR (20918526)

VIVEK RAJAK (20918542)

Under the guidance of 

MR. SAJAN JOSEPH

Head of Department, Electrical and Electronics
In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of
Bachelor of Technology
in

ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

Of
COCHIN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

JULY 2021
       DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS
ENGINEERING
COCHIN UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
KUTTANADU-610551

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

 BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Project Design Report entitled “FIRE EXTINGUISHER DRONE”
submitted by “Abhinav SR (Registration No. 20918501), Ashish Ujjwal (Registration No.
20918514), Aswin Dev JS (Registration No. 20918515), Bhawna Sinha (Registration No.
20918516), Mukund Kumar (Registration No. 20918526), Vivek Rajak (Registration No.
20918542)” of semester VII is a bonafide account of the work done by them under our
supervision during the academic year 2018 – 2022.

MENTOR

&

HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT

Mr. Sajan Joseph

Associate Professor

Submitted on : 29/12/2021

i
 DECLARATION

We hereby declare that the dissertation entitled “Fire Extinguisher Drone” submitted to the
Cochin University College of Engineering, Kuttanad in fulfilment of the requirements for the
award of the degree of Bachelor Of Technology in Electrical and Electronics Engineering is a
record of original project work done by us under the efficient guidance and motivation of Mr.
Sajan Joseph, Head of Department, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,
Cochin University College of Engineering, Kuttanad.

Place: ALAPPUZHA Abhinav S R

Date: 29/12/2021 Ashish Ujjwal

Aswin Dev J S

Bhawna Sinha

Mukund Kumar

Vivek Rajak

ii
 Acknowledgement

I am very grateful and thankful to Mr. Sajan Joseph, Head of Department, Electrical and Electronics
Engineering Department for approving our project, well-timed encouragement, and supervision. His
treasured steerage on principles, fundamentals, and execution concerning the assignment has
helped us in the crowning glory of the assignment phase-I & guidance of the report.

I would like to be acknowledged by my parents, and lecturers, who supported us morally and
technically. Also my unique way to magnificence fellows and seniors who helped me in explanation
of any issue.

I would like to place our thankfulness to Mr. Sajan Joseph, Head of Department, Electrical and
Electronics Engineering Department on file without whose steerage and well-timed assist the
Project couldn't be finished in time.

Place: ALAPPUZHA Abhinav S R

Date: 29/12/2021 Ashish Ujjwal

Aswin Dev J S

Bhawna Sinha

Mukund Kumar

Vivek Rajak

iii
 Abstract

Fire is one of the important natural as well as man-made hazardous

threats to humans. It is very difficult to fight fires. In the modern days of
technological advancement, drones can be used for fire-fighting
purposes. Drone with adaptable nature can be used for different
purposes as per our requirement. Our project objective is to develop a
prototype of a fire extinguisher drone that can easily move on the
ground and can fly in a narrow place in high-rise buildings to aid in
putting off fires and reducing the impacts of fire. This drone is operated
through a remote control system to fly freely. A small camera will be
mounted on the drone for surveillance and to get the actual idea
regarding the place and intensity of a fire. During a fire accident, the
drone can be remotely controlled by the fire personnel from a safe
distance for putting off with less participation of humans so that there
will be less risk to the fire personnel. It will also help to detect wildfires
and minimize the impact of the wildfire.

iv
Contents

1. Introduction 1

1.1 Project Objective 1

2. Literature Survey 2

2.1 Details of Literature Survey 2

3. Fire Extinguisher Drone 6

3.1 Principle 6
3.2 Block Diagram 6
3.3 Applications 7
4. Components 8

4.1. Futaba R617FS Receiver 8

4.2. Arduino Nano 9
4.3. Frame 10
4.4. Camera 10
4.5. Integrated Power Distribution Board 11
4.6. Flysky FS T6 6CH TX Transmitter 11
4.7. Propeller 12
4.8. Motor 13
4.9. Electronic Speed Controller 13
4.10. Lipo Battery 14
4.11. AFO Ball 15

5. Circuit Diagram 16

5.1 Circuit Diagram of Drone 16

v
6. Implementation 17

6.1 Arduino Based Flight Controller 17

7. Materials Used for Drone 19

7.1 Power Coating 19

8. THRUST CALCULATION 20

8.1 Weight of Components 20

8.2 Thrust Calculation 21
8.3 Advantages 22
9. Conclusion 23

9.1 Limitations and Future Work 23

10. References 24

vi
List of Figures

3.2 Block Diagram 6

4.1 Receiver 8
4.2 Arduino Board 9
4.3 Pin diagram of Arduino Nano 9
4.4 Frame 10
4.5 Camera 10
4.6 Power Distribution Board 11
4.7 Transmitter 11
4.8 Propeller 12
4.8 Motor 13
4.9 Electronic Speed Controller 14
4.10 Lipo Battery 14
4.11 AFO Ball 15
5. Circuit Diagram 15

viii
List of Tables

8.1 Weight of the Components 20

viii
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

Fire accidents lead to serious injury and huge losses of life and personal property. Often fire
accidents occur unexpectedly and suddenly. According to a study, in the year 2017, out of
27,027 deaths, every fifth deaths caused due to fire took place in India. In 2017, around 9 million
fire incidents and 1.2 lakhs deaths were recorded all over the world. It is very difficult for the fire
personnel to predict the situation inside the building subjected to fire, so with the help of drones
they can identify the cause of fire and decide how to approach and enter the location. A Drone
mounted with fire extinguisher balls, thermal camera, water in a storage tank can be operated in
places where fire fighters are unable to work. When an auto fire ball is dropped into the flame, it
activates and spreads a dry fire extinguishing powder. The thermal imaging camera can be used
to check the presence of fire and the humans trapped in the buildings. It can detect easily even in
the presence of Smoke, where the fire fighters cannot see through their naked eyes. Modern
technological developments in drone technology have leveraged the utilization of drones for
firefighting services. Fire extinguisher drones have a superior capacity than the unaided eye for
early identification of rapidly spreading fires. Through this project we aim to utilize drone
technology in aiding fire extinguishing. A quad copter mounted with an extinguishing system is
designed after carefully analyzing the requirements and functionalities. It can be controlled from
a safe distance and the fire site can be properly monitored through the camera equipped on the
drone. Upon recognizing the fire source, the user can instruct the drone to spray the
extinguishing liquid to control the fire. This project can be beneficial to suppress small-scale
fires.

1.1 Project Objective:

To develop an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in order to aid fire personnel during containment
and control of fires.

1
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE SURVEY
In the year 1920, Etienne Oehmichen designed a helicopter consisting of four rotors and eight
propellers all driven through a single engine. He used a steel-tube frame, with two-bladed rotors
at the end of the four arms. Five propellers spin in the horizontal plane to stabilize the machine
laterally. The remaining propellers were used for forwarding propulsion for exhibiting a small
degree of stability and controllability. By 1923, the stability of the helicopter was improved to
remain in the air continuously for several minutes. On 14 April 1924, the first FAI of 360m
distance record for helicopters was established.

Military UAVs – form the war to the center East conflicts: This book describes drones as
remote less controlled piloted craft or missiles. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) refer to
aircraft that can fly without the onboard presence of a pilot. It can be controlled by electronic
equipment adapted to the vehicle and on a GCS (Ground Control Station), or directly from the
ground.

Several research papers have been studied to get ideas regarding existing designs.

[1] Yuvraj Akhade, Akash Kasar, Anuja Honrao, Nehal Girme; “FIRE FIGHTING DRONE
USING CO2 BALL EXTINGUISHER”

The main objective was to design a drone firefighting platform. They designed a quadcopter that
had the ability to search all the surrounding zones to compare the intensity of the fire in order to
find the source of fire and extinguish it.
 
[2] M. Manimaraboopathy, H. S. Vivin Christopher, S. Vignesh, P. Tamil Selvan;
“UNMANNED FIRE EXTINGUISHER USING QUADCOPTER”; INTERNATIONAL
JOURNAL ON SMART SENSING AND INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS SPECIAL ISSUE,
SEPTEMBER 2017.

2
The main idea was to create a fire-fighting drone in order to save human lives. They created an
autonomous quadcopter with a fire quencher tank mounted to the drone and along with this a
camera was also attached. This quadcopter can be controlled using a controller and therefore
doesn’t require any person to stand near the fire.
 
[3] Vadgama Abhishek, Busa Utsav, Chauhan Maulik, Somaiya Meet; “FIRE EXTINGUISHER
DRONE”

The main objective was to create a fire fighting drone that provides on-demand monitoring
service faster than satellite images. It includes a quadcopter with an auto-fire-off (AFO) ball
attached to it. Moreover, a passive infrared camera for human detection and a thermographic
camera to get the idea about the intensity and the source of fire are attached to the drone.
 
[4] Manoj C, Adarsh M Rao, Rahul S, Suhas C N, Vismay KG; “DESIGN AND
DEVELOPMENT OF SEMI-AUTONOMOUS FIRE FIGHTING DRONE” IOSR Journal of
Mechanical and Civil Engineering

It contains the research about drones that can achieve vertical flight and can screen or gather data
simultaneously. The objective of this project was to design and implement a Semi-Autonomous
fire fighting platform that has a steady flight, stores GPS information, extinguishes fire, and can
perform auto orders such as auto landing.
 
[5] Buchan Aydin, Emre Selvi, Jian Tao, and Michael J. Starek; “USE OF FIRE-
EXTINGUISHER BALLS FOR A CONCEPTUAL SYSTEM OF DRONE-ASSISTED
WILDFIRE FIGHTING”; 12 February 2019

In this paper, the effects caused by controlled investigations are mentioned to test the
productivity of firefighting balls are mentioned. These trials were directed as a part of ongoing
research whose objective was to construct an arrangement of UAVs containing remote detecting,
and fire-smothering balls to control fires. It was observed that when a swarm of drones used to
extinguish the fire by dropping the extinguisher balls is very powerful and productive.

3
[6] Ethara Bala Vyshnavi, Amareswari Ambati, Gorantla Chamundeswari, Garre Vineetha;
“AUTOMATIC CO2 EXTINGUISHER FIRE FIGHTING DONE”; International Journal of
Engineering Research in Electronics and Communication Engineering (IJERECE) Vol 4, Issue
12, December 2017

The main goal was to build a fire extinguisher drone which consists of a flame sensor, ringer, in-
tumescent paint, and a CO2 ball quencher or compacted gas. Whenever the flame sensor detects a
fire, it automatically opens the spout consisting of pressurized carbon dioxide fluid to spray the
fluid on fire. This is invented to reduce the risk of people going to the place of fire in order to
stop it. 

[7] Rohan Shevegekar, Yash Vyas, Sahil Jaiswal, Lakshya Raj Gautam, Sandeep Yadav, Rituraj
Raghuvanshi, Mohammad Ali, Neelesh Sahu; “DESIGN AND IMPROVISATION OF UAV
FIRE DRONE”; International Journal of Future Generation Communication and Networking
Vol. 13, No. 2, 2020 pp.1160-1166

The new concept of f-450 drone is to use fireball extinguisher attached to drone with the help of
servo motor for extinguishing minor fires in a building, warehouse, wildlife fire, etc.

[8] Ethara Bala Vyshnavi, Amareswari Ambati, Gorantla Chamundeswari, Garre Vineetha;
“AUTOMATIC CO2 EXTINGUISHER FIRE FIGHTING DONE”; International Journal of
Engineering Research in Electronics and Communication Engineering (IJERECE) Vol 4, Issue
12, December 2017

The main goal was to build a fire extinguisher drone which consists of a flame sensor, ringer, in-
tumescent paint, and a CO2 ball quencher or compacted gas. Whenever the flame sensor detects a
fire, it automatically opens the spout consisting of pressurized carbon dioxide fluid to spray the
fluid on fire. This is invented to reduce the risk of people going to the place of fire in order to
stop it.

4
From the above-studied papers, the best technique to build this project is the UAV. The structure
of the UAV could be a quad-copter which consists of 4 motors controlled by radio or remote
control. Two different ways to extinguish fire are: by a fire extinguisher ball or solution spray of
water, baking soda, and dish soap. The infrared camera is widely used for fire detection.

5
CHAPTER 3
FIRE EXTINGUISHER DRONE
3.1. Principle:
Fire extinguisher drone works on the principle of 3-axis gyroscope and accelerometer which
measures the quad-copter orientation and its velocity. Electronic speed controllers (ESCs) are
used for controlling the speed of the motor to control the movement of the drone. ESCs are
programmed for the required signal range frequency. The direction of motion of the quad-copter
is controlled wirelessly via radio frequency transmission.

3.2. Block Diagram:

Fig3.2: Block Diagram

6
3.3. Applications:

 Fire extinguisher drone is used by fire personnel to assist in extinguishing fires in critical
areas.

 It act as an eye for detecting fires in large forest areas and provides a close-up view of
forest covered areas.

 Presence of thermal sensor provides drone night vision for surveillance. It is able to
discover the location of persons caught in fires.

 Drone can be utilized to distribute first-aid kit, medicines and water to fire victims before
they are admitted to the hospitals.

 Drone provides quick means, after fire disaster, to gather information and navigate
debris.

7
CHAPTER 4
COMPONENTS
It consists of following main components:

● Futaba R617FS Receiver

● Arduino Nano & Arduino Software
● Frame
● Camera
● Integrated Power Distribution Board
● Flysky FS T6 6CH TX Transmitter
● Propeller
● Motor
● Electronic Speed Controller
● Lipo Battery and its Charger
● AFO Ball

4.1. Futaba R617FS Receiver:

It is a high sensitivity receiver, full range system used for all types of aircraft ranging from giant
scale to park flyer applications. It has Dual Antenna Diversity and allows a 2.4GHz FASST
Futaba transmitter to select the best reception between the two receiver antennas with no signal
loss. Rubber grommets are installed where antennas exit to eliminate the stress and fraying of the
two antenna wires.
● Antenna Length: (140 mm)
● Application: Full range aircraft receiver
● Band: 2.4GHz
● Bind Method: Bind Button
● Channels: 7
● Data Port: No
● Input Voltage: 4.8 - 6V
● Dimension: (9 mm)* (41 mm)* (28 mm)
● Weight: 9.8g with the case, 7g without
case
● Programmable: No
● Range: Full

8
Fig. 4.1 Receiver
4. 2. Arduino Nano:

The Arduino Nano is an open-source microcontroller board based on the Microchip

ATmega328P microcontroller and developed by Arduino. cc. It is programmable with the
Arduino IDE (Integrated Development Environment), via a type B USB cable. It can be powered
by a USB cable or by an external 9-volt battery, though it accepts voltages between 7 and 20
volts. Arduino programs are written in C or C++.

● Operating voltage: 5 V

● Input voltage: 6 to 20 volts
● Digital I/O pins: 14 (6 optional PWM outputs)
● Analog input pins: 8
● DC per I/O pin: 40 mA
● DC for 3.3 V pin: 50 mA
● Flash memory: 32 KB
● SRAM: 2 KB
● EEPROM: 1 KB
● Clock speed: 16 MHz Fig 4.2.1: Arduino Board
● Length: 45 mm
● Width: 18 mm
● Mass: 7 g

Fig 4.2.2: Pin Diagram of Arduino Nano

9
4. 3. Frame:

It forms the body of the drone-mounted with other hardware components and a fire extinguishing
system. A quad-copter uses four propellers for trust and has them configured in either a cross or plus
format. The quad-copter robot can take off and land vertically thus lowering the requirements for a
landing platform. It allows the quad-copter to hover in place with considerable stability. The frame
should be strong and flexible to accommodate the vibrations produced. It should have a center holding
plate for mounting the electronics, four arms, and four motor brackets to connect each motor to each
arm end. The material used can be aluminum, carbon fiber, or wood.

Fig 4.3: Frame

4. 4. Camera:

It is a regular camera, only smaller in size designed to work on a

drone. It is used taking photographs, recording videos, and acting
as an eye for the controllers. It is mounted on the drone.

Fig 4.4: Drone

Camera

10
4. 5. Integrated Power Distribution Board:
The100A Multi-rotor ESC Power Distribution Battery Board for Quad-copter is a lightweight
distribution board used for providing power to multi-rotor aircraft.
These boards are great for smaller multi-rotor builds. They're compact and lightweight and offer
large solder pads making it easier for work. These boards can handle current up to 20A per
output for a quad-copter.

● Compatible with MK KK flight control installment pitch of

holes
● Compatible with MK KK flight control system
● Can connect 1-8 ESC.
● Hole Spacing: 45mm Square and 35mm Square
● Material: glass fiber
● Dimension: 50mm*50mm*2mm
● Weight: 8g

Fig 4.5: Power Distribution Board

4. 6. Flysky FS T6 6CH TX Transmitter:

The 6-channel FlySky FS-T6 is a programmable transmitter. It even has the ability to store 20
models allowing the user to save a whole fleet of aircraft.
It is implemented with a simple click and scroll dial allowing quick and easy menu navigation
and manipulation. The large backlight LCD screen with large fonts is easy to read. It is equipped
with a super active and passive anti-jamming capability and has very low power consumption
with high receiver sensitivity. The 2.4GHz system puts the radio out of the frequency range
generated by other electronic components in the drone.

● Channels: 6
● Model Type: Glider/Heli/Airplane
● RF Range: 2.40-2.48GHz
● Bandwidth: 500Hz
● Band: 160 RF
● Power: Less Than 20dBm 2.4ghz
● System: AFHDS
● Code Type: GFSK
● Sensitivity: 1024

11
● Low Voltage Warning: 9V
● Charger Port: Yes
Fig 4.6: RF Transmitter
 ● Power: 12V DC (1.5AA*8)
● Weight: 590g
● ANT Length: 26mm
● Size: 302x190x93mm

4. 7. Propeller:
Propellers will generate the necessary thrust for Quad-copter. It includes clockwise and
anticlockwise rotating pairs of propellers. The Pitch and diameter of the propeller are based on
the thrust required and application of the Quad-copter. For more stability for a Quad-copter to lift
weights, we use a less RPM motor with more torque and higher-pitched propellers. Standardized
propellers include

● Length: 6″.
● Pitch: 4.5″.
● Weight: 28 gm.
● Shaft diameter: 7.8mm.
● Total length: 7 inch / 150 mm

Fig 4.7: Propellers

12
4. 8. Motor:

This is an A2212 brushless high torque motor specifically made to power quad-copters and
Multi-rotors. It is a 2200kV motor. It provides high performance, superpower, and brilliant
efficiency. These motors are perfect for medium size quad-copters with 8 inches to 10-inch
propellers. These motors are identical to traditional DC motors without any brushes. The motors
should rotate anti-clockwise to counteract the torque of the propeller. Each motor provides thrust
up to 1200gms. Using 4 of these motors on a quad-copter with propellers gives 4.8 kg of thrust.

● KV: 1000

● No-load Current : 10 V : 0.5 A.

● Current Capacity: 12A/60s

● No Load Current @ 10V: 0.5A

● No. Of Cells: 2-3 Li-Poly

● Motor Dimensions: 27.5 x 30mm

● Shaft Diameter: 934;3.17mm

● Shaft diameter: 3.175mm.

● Minimum ESC Specification: 18A (30A suggested)
● Thrust: 1200gms approx Fig 4.8: Motor

4. 9. Electronic Speed Controller:

30A BLDC ESC Electronic Speed Controller is used for quad-copters and multi-rotors to
provide faster and better motor speed control giving better flight It can drive motors that
consume up to 30A current. It has an onboard BEC which provides regulated 5V (2A max draw)

13
to power the flight controller. It can be used to control our brushless motors with a 2S-3S LiPo
Battery. This particular ESC is used with a 1000kV A2212 brushless motor.
 ● MODEL: STANDARD 30A BLDC ESC ELECTRONIC SPEED CONTROLLER
● WEIGHT: 23g
● DIMENSIONS: 45 x 24 x 9 mm(LxWxH)
● Color: Yellow/Red(Depends on Availability)
● CURRENT (A): 30A
● BEC: 3A
● Li-Poly: 2-3
● Ni-Mh/Ni-CD: 4-10 Ni-Mh
● CONSTANT CURRENT: 30A Max 40A<10s Fig 4.9: ESC
● Li-Poly 2-3 CELLS; Ni-MH 4-10 CELLS Auto Detect
● Auto Low BATTERY Slow down at 3.0V/cell Lipo, cut-off at 2.9V/cell lipo

4. 10. LiPo Battery:

11.1V 2200mAH Lipo battery is Capable of maximum continuous discharge rates up to 25C. It
is a rechargeable battery of lithium-ion technology using a polymer electrolyte instead of a liquid
electrolyte. It offers an excellent blend of weight, power, and performance.

Fig 4.10: Lipo Battery

● Charge Capacity( C ) : 2200mAh.

● Rated Voltage: 11.1V
● Exact weight: 150 - 160 Grams
● L x H x W: 100*20*30mm Approx
● High energy density - potential for yet higher capacities.
● Does not need prolonged priming when new. One regular charge is all that's needed.
● Relatively low self-discharge - self-discharge is less than half that of nickel-based
batteries.
● Low Maintenance - no periodic discharge is needed; there is no memory.

14
4. 11. Auto Fire Off (AFO) Ball:

Fire Extinguisher Ball is light and portable, which could extinguish the initial fire. It is made of a
water-proof plastic shell and filled up with harmless environmental powder. It has been made in
accordance with international environmental protection standards. AFO Auto Fire Extinguishing
Ball is a ball-shaped fire extinguisher. Simply thrown into a fire, it will activate within 5 seconds
and effectively disperse extinguishing chemicals. When a fire occurs and no one is present, Fire
Extinguishing Ball will self-activate when it comes into contact with fire and give a loud noise as
a fire alarm. Because of this feature, it can be placed in many fire-prone areas such as the above
electrical circuit breaker or in a kitchen. There is no special training or skill required to operate
the ball and no need to face the dangers of the fire. No inspection and maintenance is required
for the product life span of 5 years.

● Weight: 1.3kg
● Put off fire till 3 cubic meters area

Fig 4.11: AFO Ball

15
Chapter 5

Circuit Diagram

Fig 5.1: Circuit diagram of Drone

16
CHAPTER 6

IMPLEMENTATION

The project is divided into three main categories: mechanical, electronics and software.
● The mechanical system includes the construction of the drone loaded with an
extinguishing system and selection of the container that holds the fire extinguishing ball
● Electronic system includes a Power Distribution Board (PDB) and controller that are used
to control the on-board mechanisms and transfer of signals between various devices.
● The software part includes wireless control of the drone movement.

6.1. ARDUINO BASED FLIGHT CONTROLLER:

The flight controller controls the flight of a Quad-copter. It is programmed and calibrated to
adjust the speed of motors according to the position and orientation of the Quad-copter to help
them maintain a stable flight. A Flight Controller is like the brain of the Quad-copter as it
controls almost all the important features of its flight. It is the flight controller that collects the
signals received by the RF receiver sent by the Transmitter in our hand and after collecting those
signals it sends the signal to the Electronic Speed Controllers which adjusts the speed of the
motors in the flight controller to store the flight mode of the Quad-copter. All flight controllers
have basic sensors such as Gyroscopes and accelerometers.

We build our Flight Controller using the things required are as given below:-

● MPU6050 Sensor
● Arduino Nano
● Breadboard
● Jumper Wires

Hardware connection:

● VCC pin of MPU6050 to 5V pin of the Arduino Nano.

17
 ● GND pin of MPU6050 to GND pin of the Arduino Nano.
● SCL pin of MPU6050 to A5 pin of the Arduino Nano.
● SDA pin of MPU6050 to A4 pin of the Arduino Nano

Software part:
● The Multiwii code and Software folder named Multiwii_2_4 is downloaded from the
Github repository of the project. Coding is done as per the requirement and uploaded to
Arduino nano...

● The Flight Controller is placed on a flat surface, the CALIB_ACC button is clicked and
the flight controller was held stable for 10-15 seconds for calibration.

18
 ● CHAPTER 7

MATERIALS USED FOR DRONE:

Iron has low thermal conductivity (79.5 W/mK) and also it is ductile material and it has more
strength (275 – 675 MPa) compared with other materials such as Silicon carbide, graphite, etc.,
so iron is suitable for building drone.

7.1. Powder coating:

Powder coating is a type of coating applied as a free-flowing dry powder. It is delivered via an
evaporating solvent. Usually, it is applied electrostatically and then cured under heat. The
powder may be a thermoplastic or a thermoset polymer. It is usually used to create a hard finish
that is tougher than conventional paint. Powder coating is mainly used for coating metals, such
as household appliances, iron parts of drones. Newer technologies allow other materials, such as
MDF, to be powder coated using different methods.

19
CHAPTER 8
THRUST CALCULATION:

8.1. WEIGHT OF COMPONENTS

PARTS WEIGHT IN (Grams)

Fire Extinguisher Ball 1300

Camera 7

Li-Po battery 150

Motor (4) 268

Propeller (4) 112

Mainframe 100

Payload frame 20

Arduino Nano 7

Receiver 9.8

Power Distribution Board 8

Electronic Speed Controller (4) 92

20
 TOTAL 2073.8

Table 8.1 Weight of Components

The overall weight of the drone is calculated by adding the total weight of components and the
weight of the payload.

Overall weight = Payload + Weight of components

= 2073.8 grams(approx.)

8.2. THRUST CALCULATION

The Thrust to Weight Ratio can be between 2.3 to 3.5, since the drone has to carry more payload
and it should also have better maneuverability.

Thrust produced by one propeller & one motor = 1200 grams

Total thrust produced at 100% RPM = 4 x 1200

= 4800 grams

Thrust to weight Ratio = Thrust produced / total weight of drone

= 4800 / 2073.8

= 2.3 : 1

Since the Thrust to Weight Ratio is 2.3, the Drone will have better maneuverability.

21
8. 3. Advantages:

Fire extinguisher drone is portable and can be placed anywhere. It is very flexible and can easily
enter narrow areas where water cannot reach during fire fighting. It's wireless communication
and does not require lengthy wires. Drones can be built with fire-resistant materials so that they
can easily enter the fire to detect the cause of the fire. It can carry a fire extinguishing agent to
put off the fire. It can be operated by a battery. It is very user-friendly and very helpful for
skilled and designated firefighters during managing and operating the fire operation. These
drones can also be used to reach critical areas where water cannot reach during fire fighting . It
can make rescue operations faster and easier.

22
CHAPTER 9

CONCLUSION

The purpose of the project is to design an unmanned aerial vehicle that can be controlled by
wireless control. The idea is to help the firefighters in rescue operations and to reduce the
lifetime risk of firefighters. With the use of fire extinguishers mounted to drone it can put off
fires in narrow areas, warehouses, wildlife fires, etc.

9. 1. Limitations and Future Work:

● The range of radiofrequency for wireless transmission is limited. We can use the GSM
module for wireless transmission.

● Batteries used are heavy and occupy a lot of space. We can use some other power source
for the batteries.

● A thermal imaging infrared camera can be mounted which will detect the hotspots of
people caught in a fire.

● Global Navigation Satellite System can be used to get the exact location of fire-affected
areas in the forests.

● Heavy drones having higher stability can carry large fire extinguishers along with first
aid kits for victims.

23
References:

[1] Buchan Aydin, Emre Selvi, Jian Tao, and Michael J. Starek; “USE OF FIRE-EXTINGUISHER
BALLS FOR A CONCEPTUAL SYSTEM OF DRONE-ASSISTED WILDFIRE FIGHTING”;
12 February 2019.

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[6] Ethara Bala Vyshnavi, Amareswari Ambati, Gorantla Chamundeswari, Garre Vineetha; “AUTOMATIC
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[7] Vadgama Abhishek, Busa Utsav, Chauhan Maulik, Somaiya Meet; “Fire Extinguisher Drone” ;

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