FINAL DEFENSE 
questionnaire uses the 4-point Likert scale to allow the
(Script)
INTRODUCTION/GREETINGS (Jewel)
A pleasant day to everyone, especially to our
dear panelists Sir Ramces Dili, Sir Kier Franco, Sir
Matute, Sir Rey, Sir Jay, Sir Alex Gonzales, and Dean
Elmer Soriano. I am Jewel Cielo Sebastian, and together
with me are my fellow researchers (state name). Today
we will be presenting our research entitled
EVALUATION ON BASECOMMUNITY’S HOUSING
CONDITIONS FOR HUMAN SETTLEMENT IN MANILA
CITY: BASIS FOR PROJECT ENHANCEMENT. We had
our research proposal defense last July 2, 2022
(Saturday). We’ve followed the comments and
suggestions given by the panelists Dr. Jen Tiu and Atty.
Edmundo Bacatan together with our research adviser Dr.
Alex Gonzales to further enhance our research.
         BASECOmmunity, which is the subject of this
research, was launched during the term of Mayor Isko
Moreno which will be the new face and hope of the
depressed area of Baseco, Tondo Manila. With this,
Former Mayor Isko signed an ordinance strengthening
the city government’s public housing projects, which is a
step towards dignified living for the urban poor and aims
to provide adequate and affordable shelters for its
constituents. Hence, evaluation of housing conditions will
help to understand the main problems of the current
residential environment that need improvement.
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK (Jewel)
The research paradigm shows the INPUT-
PROCESS-OUTPUT method of the variables to achieve
the research objective. For the Input, it includes the
demographic profile of the 146 respondents out of 229
beneficiaries and the five indicators mentioned in RA
11201 that pertains to the housing conditions for human
settlement. As well the theories which were used as a
framework for successful evaluation namely the CIPP
evaluation model by Daniel Stufflebeam and Weiss
Program Theory.
On the other hand, for the Process, it reflects the
research process utilized throughout the study such as
the employed design which is descriptive quantitative
approach, preparation of the survey questions including
the letters for we able to conduct survey at
BASECOmmunity, and to interpret, evaluate it, and give
recommendations from the gathered data.
The output of the study that we aim to obtain is
classified as the evaluation of housing conditions for
human settlement, as well as to propose project
enhancement. Lastly, giving recommendations is the
feedback of the study.  in a more decent house.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY (Jewel)
This research employed a descriptive
quantitative method as it focuses more on “what” rather
than the “why” of the research subject and through the
use of Slovin’s formula, we have a total respondent of
146 out of 229 beneficiaries in the said housing and that
the efficiency of the simple random sampling technique
was used for the heterogeneity of the population. The
respondents to specify their level of agreement on the
given statements indicating the said conditions. It has
been validated and approved by Architect Daniel Franco
Sena, the coordinator of MUSO and Architect Danilo
Victor Lacuna, coordinator of MCPDO. Right after the
validation, we conducted a pilot test at BASECOmmunity
with only 20 respondents. As we’ve gathered data and
run it to reliability test using the Cronbach alpha formula
at IBM SPSS and the result was shown in the screen: for
affordable cost it has 0.809, 0.725 is the result for basic
services, and 0.849 for decent housing particularly of
social infrastructure, on the other hand, for physical
infrastructure we have the result of 0.828, and for
employment opportunities is 0.857 and lastly for safety
and security we got the result of 0.887. accordingly, all
the results have an internal consistency of good and
acceptable. 
SOP 2 (Jewel)
For our research problem 2, the level of
agreement of the respondents towards housing
conditions, based on the chapter 4, we had summarized
the result as follows:
Affordable Cost: The average mean is 2.38 with a
verbal interpretation of "Disagree" and has a standard
deviation of 0.06.
Basic Services: The weighted mean of the indicator is
3.07 and has a verbal interpretation of "Agree" and has a
standard deviation of 0.04.
Decent Housing (Social Infrastructure): The mean
score is 3.15 with a verbal interpretation of "Agree" and
has a standard deviation of 0.04.
Decent Housing (Physical Infrastructure): The
average mean is 3.06 with a verbal interpretation of
"Agree" and has a standard deviation of 0.03.
Employment Opportunities: The overall mean is 2.65
and has a verbal interpretation of "Agree" and has a
standard deviation of 0.03.
Safety and Security: The mean score is 2.98 and has a
verbal interpretation of "Agree" and has a standard
deviation of 0.03.
For the conclusion, according to City Ordinance
8730, the housing project, though fulfill the requirements
specified by DHSUD and the quality is worth the
payment, yet the contract is too long and it will be a huge
burden for them to pay for 50 years. However, based on
the gathered data, the respondents reported that they
"agree" on the other services being provided to them
through the collective efforts of the Local Government of
MUSO to provide and improve the way of their living at
Baseco compound by giving them an opportunity to live
 
Based on the conclusion, these are the things
we want to recommend especially for the MUSO, they
may create a balanced policy (terms and conditions)
between the government and the beneficiaries, which
includes the payment setting, duration of the contract
which is the primary challenge of the respondents
(beneficiaries), the proper process of resolving conflicts,
they may help policymakers identify and prioritize
policies that support affordable public housing while
improving living standards of the residents, and must
create mutual interaction in order to achieve their goal of
changing the lives of underprivileged and informal
settlers. As well for the beneficiaries that despite the
challenge in mandatory monthly contributions wherein it
is their obligation to maintain the house unit
awarded/endowed to them by the LGU of Manila to
attain and bring all round improvements in the living
standards of the community itself.  have their own home.
POSSIBLE QUESTIONS
 Conditions means the quality, status or state
of the housing provided for them.  the housing program particularly the BASECOmmunity.
 Human Settlement means an integrative
concept that comprises: (a) physical
components of shelter and infrastructure; and (b)
services to which the physical elements provide
support, that is to say, community services such
as education, health, culture, welfare, recreation
and nutrition.
 Housing Conditions is the physical state of the
houses
1. What are the recommendations of your
panels on research proposal defense?
Sa title, change the assessment into evaluation.
Yung program change din ng project lang kasi isang
housing lang naman ang focus ng study. Tapos po iadd
daw si RA 11201 as a support sa framework para sa
indicators kasi sya yung magiging basis . Ibalik din sa
CF. ah yung output, much better if magfocus daw po sa
enhancement nung program through giving
recommendations.  overarching goals, exploring background information and
1. What is your research all about?
Our research tackles the housing conditions (in
which, in this context we mean it as the state of the
house in terms of its appearance or quality that brings
into the desired state of an individual). And since our
subject are those beneficiaries that reside in
BASECOmmunity, hence, the living conditions we
referred to consists of having the basics such as food,
shelter, social safety, access to opportunities and
interaction, which all contribute to their well-being and
what is considered to be a decent living standard.  During the third stage of process evaluation,
Thus, we want to evaluate whether the local
government of Manila thru MUSO can really provide the
BASECOmmunity’s beneficiaries a decent way of living.  change? Finally, evaluators using CIPP measure the
2. How do you come up with this study? Why
did you choose this topic? What is the
rationale of the study?
Manila City is the capital of the Philippines, and
as we all know, it has a vast population, hence poverty
and informal settlements are prevalent concerns in this
city. Also, because of Isko Moreno's housing projects for
Manilenyos, we as researchers should take part to
evaluate the project to see if it is truly beneficial,
particularly for the poor, or if they simply struggled
because there are rental fees as they live in the housing.
Also, whether or not they are satisfied with the overall
services provided in the housing, likewise, to ensure the
continuity of the housing projects, allowing hundreds or
thousands of informal settlers and low-income people to
3. Why did you use that theory? How does it
help your study?
The aim and basis of this research is to evaluate
That’s why with the help of the Program Theory that
aims to identify areas of agreement and
disagreement over how the program is supposed to
operate and emphasize evidence gaps, the outline of
our evaluation is more concrete as it follows a more
comprehensive and scholarly approach. The Program
Theory and the CIPP Evaluation Model provide
components that our study used in obtaining
thorough evaluation of the BASECOmmunity such as the
input, outputs, and mechanisms, etc.. These simply help
us systematize the process of evaluation.
CIPP model have an intention of not to prove
but rather to improve through evaluation of a
program.
Starting with context evaluation, evaluators
examine the resources and background within the
program, such as the scope of the evaluation and
supports the program has in place. Looking at
cultural context (pumapasok na dito yung RA 11201 for it
is a legislation which serves as the basis or framework
ng mga housing projects na itatayo dito sa Ph thru LGU,
NGA, NGO) are all components included during this
stage. Once the goals are assessed, evaluators can
move into the input evaluation stage of the model.
During the input evaluation stage, review focuses on
identifying the key stakeholders and examining the
program budget. This stage also collects information
about planning and strategies for implementation
including human resources and timeline.
the activities of the program are assessed with the focus
on continuous improvement-what is being done, is it
being done well and what needs to be addressed for
outcomes or product of the program and how
effectively those outcomes are being addressed. They
can ask: what is the impact and how sustainable is the
program (link is external)? As depicted in the figure
above, governing all of the stages is the mission or core
values of the program to continually refer to during each
stage of evaluation.
Program theory by Weiss
 4. What makes you think that quantitative
method (survey only) is the ideal
methodology you should use for this kind of
topic/study?
A survey for more than half of the total residents
can be concluded as the majority of the subject. It
measures the variables used.
Quantitative data can measure the depth and
breadth of an implementation of a program, such as the
number of people who participated or the number of
people who completed the program. Aside from the fact
that quantitative data is easier to evaluate, it may also
produce clearer and more objective results that may
determine whether or not the citizens meet the standard
of living.
Saying so, through the survey, we can also
measure the evaluation made by the
respondents/beneficiaries in the housing project. This is
vital not only for assessing the performance or need to
be improved in housing program policy but also for
contributing to residents' public needs and happiness,
both of which relate to basic human requirements.
Besides, we can answer or solve the research
problem that may lead to the enhancement of the
program as well as evaluate a concept and collect data
that helps describe and summarize data points with the
most impact on the living conditions of human
settlement.  promote adequate employment opportunities to such
5. What are the variables used in the research?
Independent Variables- are the demographic
profile of the respondents, specifically the age, sex,
number of family members in the household, family
members who are working, household monthly income,
and their employment status.
Dependent Variables- are the indicators from RA
11201 or DHSUD act namely the affordable cost, basic
services, decent housing, employment opportunities, and
safety and security. 
The Independent variable causes a change in
the Dependent variable. THE DEMOGRAPHIC
PROFILE OF THE RESPONDENTS CAUSES A
CHANGE IN THEIR PERCEPTIONS ON THE
INDICATORS
6. How is your topic relevant as a public
administration student?
As part of the public administration field,
implementing programs is the responsibility of the
government which leads to the development and
enhancement of the lives of its constituents. In this way,
as a student of PA, it’s better to dig deeper and have a
wide understanding on how effective and efficient this
kind of program by some of the LGUs in the Philippines.
With this study and thorough careful evaluation of one of
the housing programs during the term of former mayor
Isko Moreno, we had personally visited the
BASECOmmunity as well to grasp perceptions from the
beneficiaries or best to say to our respondents in relation
to their experiences living in the housing project. In lieu
of that, we have concluded and given recommendations
that will help those who were listed in the Significance of
this Study. 
7. How come this social issue is timely and
useful?
BASECOmmunity is just one out of the six
housing programs by Isko Moreno (and now continued
for further development by Mayor Lacuna). The output of
this study which aims to give recommendations for the
further enhancement of the said projects. Also Manila
City considers the light of many citizens that are having
struggles living in rural areas- large population at Manila
City. 
9. Purpose of reliability test?
To measure the consistency of the questions or
statements.
8. Ano meron sa RA 11201?
This Act shall be known as the "Department of
Human Settlements and Urban Development Act". The
State shall, by law and for the common good, undertake,
in cooperation with the private sector, a continuing
program of housing and urban development which shall
make available at affordable cost, decent housing and
basic services to underprivileged and homeless citizens
in urban centers and resettlement areas. It shall also
citizens. In the implementation of the program, the State
shall respect the rights of small property owners.
It is a piece of legislation which creates a policy
with regards to the housing program in the Philippines. It
must be the basis of every LGU who partakes to
continue the program of housing and urban
development, which includes indicators such as
affordable cost, decent housing, and basic services, to
promote adequate employment opportunities to such
citizens. 
9. How did you validate your questionnaire?
The statements or questions are validated by the
project manager head division Architect Daniel Franco,
and as per recommended by Sir Alex, much better daw
po na urban planner or environmental planner yung
magvalidate ng research instrument, so nirecommend po
kami ni Arch Sena kay Architect Danilo Lacuna Jr. from
CPDO to validate din po the questionnaire as well. 
Urban Planning is synonymous with
Environmental Planning. It means they are the same in
the Philippines alongside regional planning, city
planning, town and country planning, and/or human
settlements planning. 
10. What are the basis of your
recommendations?
It is based on the result of the gathered data, 
11. What are the findings of your study?
(Chapter 5)
 Kung ano ang nasa SOP yun ang ipresent na
equivalent sa chapter 5. SOP is the bridge between the
title and the findings of the study. 

12. Why is it your output? (basis for project

enhancement)
Re-aligning to our objectives in the study which
is to evaluate the BASECOmmunity. The study's findings
will demonstrate the efficiency of the city's policies and
tactics in achieving its objective of making Manila a zero-
slum city. The result of this study will also serve as an
eye opener for them to come up with programs and
projects that are suited and responsive to the needs of
the community and its members. Hence, with this, they
have the basis for the improvement of their flaws for all
housing applicants and to maintain their strengths and
continue providing quality, adequate, and affordable
housing.

KEYWORDS:

Basis of the demographic profile

 AGE- fixed interval

 HOUSEHOLD MONTHLY INCOME- Philippine
Institute for Devt Studies (PIDS serves as the
Philippine government's primary socioeconomic
policy think tank)

146 respondents out of 229 beneficiaries

Summary of Results
SOP 1: Demographic Profile
Age- 33-47 yrs old
Sex- Female
# of family members in the HH- 2-5 persons
Family members who are working- father only
HH monthly income- less than 10,957
Employment status- Self employed

SOP 2: level of agreement (housing indicators)

Affordable Cost: DISAGREE
Basic Services: AGREE
Decent Housing (S.I.): AGREE
Decent Housing (P.I.): AGREE
Employment Opportunities: AGREE
Safety & Security: AGREE

SOP 3: ANOVA Result (demographic profile)

Age: SD except safety n security
Sex: SD except safety n security
# of family members in the HH: SD except SI and EO
Fam members who are working: SD in all
HH monthly income: SD except PI and S&S
Employment Status: SD in all
Research Gap
Evidently, with the several projects, programs, and
policies established by the government in providing
resources for public housing and initiating solutions to
work towards successful urbanization growth and
infrastructural development for transforming ISFs. We
concluded that there are topics that haven't yet been
explored since BASECOmmunity was newly established
project; there are also no recent studies and literature,
and there is insufficient reliable data about Philippine
public housing projects and the impacts of the decisions
and policymaking of government agencies that affect the
beneficiaries. Hence, this paper presents an updated
and thorough evaluation of the housing program in the
BASECOmmunity in Manila City for year 2022-2023,
which determines the experience and perception of its
beneficiaries regarding how the Manila Urban Settlement
Office (MUSO) implemented the housing program.
Perhaps more than any other field, the continuation of
program implementation is an important component of
public administration, which works hard throughout the
critical transition phase to maintain the continuity and
sustainability of their operations in order to provide
seamless public service.
Statement of the Problem
Following the primary aim of this research, the objectives
of this study include evaluating the housing conditions of
the BASECOmmunity housing projects during Isko
Moreno’s term in Manila City. Specifically, this research
seeks to answer the following research problems:
The first problem is what the demographic profile of the
respondents is in terms of age, sex, number of family
members in the household, family members who are
working, household monthly income, and employment
status.
The second problem is what is the level of agreement of
the residents with the following indicators of the housing
condition in BASECOmmunity: affordable cost, basic
services, decent housing, employment opportunities, and
safety and security.
And the third problem: is there a significant difference in
the agreement of the respondents with the indicators of
housing conditions in BASECOmmunity when grouped
according to their demographic profile?
Significance of the Study
The study of housing conditions for BASECOmmunity
beneficiaries in Manila City can be a learning paradigm
for us to look at the bigger picture in human settlements
and urban development and see how truly important it is
to have a stable, decent-quality house for low-income
and informal settlers. Therefore, the findings of the study
will redound to the beneficial to the following:
beneficiaries, the Manila Urban Settlements Office
(MUSO), other Local Government Units (LGU’s), public
administration in general and future researchers.
SOP 1
The first problem of this study focused on the
demographic profile of the BASECOmmunity
respondents. The profiles of the respondents were
tabulated and computed according to the following
classifications:
As we can see, a large number of respondents belong to
the most productive age range of 33–47 years old with a
percentage of 45.90, and this is highly probable to be
represented commonly by mothers or fathers. In support
of this, the national statistics on the labor participation
rate show that a large number of the employed persons
belong to the age group of 25–39 years.
We can visibly observe that the majority of the
respondents are female, with a percentage of 57.53,
meaning that females are still, in some instances, more
likely to stay at home, and thus the distribution of the
sample was considered to be reasonably representative.
In terms of the number of family members in the
household, 46.63% of our respondents are living with 2–
5 persons, which is considered a normal number of
family members per household.
In terms of family members who are working, 51.37% of
the respondents reported that only the father is working
in the family, indicating that respondents’ families have
their father as the primary source of income, and this
showed consistency in the hardships of working for the
family and the physical capability of the respondents to
do work at the same time.
Moreover, as a result of the data on household monthly
income, with a percentage of 80.82, the majority of
respondents have a monthly annual income of less than
10, 957 pesos. This data was estimated by the PSA to
mean that a family of five needs at least 12, 082 pesos
per month to meet their basic food and non-food
requirements.
And lastly, with regards to employment status, 28.77% of
the respondents are self-employed at surrounding ports
and shipyards, pedicabs, tricycle drivers, or in the food
industry, and this implies that they are the common
source of income. This means the majority of
respondents earn income by contracting with a small
business directly.