(onstructed: 1996

Owner:Public Roads Administration Hedmark.

Designer:Norconsult AS, consultingengineersand
SelbergArkitekter ÁS, architects.
(ontractorofthe substructure: AS Anlegg
Contractor of the supeÍstructuÍe:
Moelven Limtre AS.
Totallength:180m
Span:5x36,0m
Horizontal clearance: 6.5m
Verticalclearanceunderthe bridge:4,5 m abovemean
waterlevel.
Loadingclass:Public Roads Administration Design
Load Regulationsof 1995.
struduÍalsystem: Five equal,simply supportedspan of
trussbeamswith arched top chords (bowstringtruss).
Btidgedeck Stresslaminatedtimber deck made of
48x223 mm plank.
Glulamgrade:L40
WoodtÍeatment: Áll wood exceptrailings is creosote

Evenstad
bridge impregnated.The railings are impregnatedwith CCA
combinedwith an oil basedsurfacetreatment.

Stor-Elvdal,
Norway
Woodquantity:600 mr
TotalpricelNOK 15 mill. excl. developmentcosts.The
shareof the superstructureis about NOK 7 mill.
 ,-.

Evenstadbridge is crossingthe river Glomma in

Stor-Elvdal in Hedmark county, some 8o km
iiiI
north-eastof Hamar. Vith its r8o m length,the
bridge is consideredone ofthe largestwooden
I
bridges designedfor full traffic loading. Although
i
shape and material was chosen to harmonise !
with the surroundings,the solution proved to be I
I
economically competitivewith other materials. I

The project had statusas a public nao project

and the NoK 7,6million developmentcostsw'ere
split betweenthe owner,the superstructure
contractorand sNo.
i
I
The staticsystemoíthe bridge consistsoífive
equal,simply supportedspansofglued laminated
truss beamswith curved upper chords.
 .llj:....,.......
.... . . ... ,*---,--,i
,i

The bridge deck is a stresslaminatedtimber

plate,supportedby steelcross beamsand steel
suspensionrods. The pavementis asphalt.The
railing consistsof steelposts,which are attached
to the crossbeamsand providedwith longitudinal
wooden rails, and is designedfor an impact
velocity of 6o km,/h.Á]l wood materialis creosote
impregnatedpine, exceptfor the railing,which
is cce impregnatedand provided with an oil
basedsurfacetreatment. assembledat the factory,checkedand disassem-
bled before impregnationand transportationto
The structurewas to a large extentprefabricated the bridge site.At site,each span was completely
at the factory of Moelven Limtre es, situated pre-assembledand then mounted by crane.The
some 16okm north of Oslo. The trusseswere weight of each sectionwas 54 t.
 (onstructed:1998
Owner:Public Roads Ádministration oppland.
Designer:InterconsultAS, consultingengineersand
Forinel IndustridesignÁS, architects,Public Roads
Administration Hedmark and Norske Limtrepro-
dusentersForening,advisors.
(ontractorof the substructure:
Public Roads Ádmini_
strationOppland.
(ontractorof the superstru(ture:
Moelven Limtre ÁS.
Iotallength:28,0m
Span:35,0 m
Horizontalclearance:6,5 m
Loadingclass:Public Roads Administration Design
Load Reguladonsof 1995.
Structuralsystem:Two, three-hinged,glued laminated
archeswith elevatedbridge deck.
Bridgedeck:Stresslaminatedtimber decL made of
48 x 198mm plank.
Glulamgrade:L40

bridge
Fonhus Woodtreatment:All wood material,exceptfor the
bridge dech is double impregnated,first with CCA

Norway
Sor-Aurdal,
and then with creosotewith reduced absorption.The
bridge deck planks were creosoteirnpregnatedto class
A íINSTA-140).
Woodquantity:105m'
Totalpti(e:NOK 3 mill. The shareof the superstructure
is aboutNOK 1.8mill.
Fonhus bridge is crossing the river Begnain
Sor-Aurdal in Valdres, some r4o km north of
Oslo, as part ofthe regionalroad Fvzz6.The
two-lane bridge has one main span and is
designedíor full traffic load. An arch bridge
with elevatedbridge deck was chosen due to the
availableheight at the bridge site.The fact that a
previous bridge at the samesite was made of
timber,and becausea wooden structurefits well
into the surroundings,and the bridge deck gives
weatherprotection to the load carrying structure
underneath,made a timber bridge a natural
choice. All wood material,exceptfor the bridge dech
is double impregnated,first with ccl and then
The staticsystemis two, three-hinged,glued with creosotewith reduced absorption.The
laminatedarcheswith elevatedbridge deck.The bridge deck planks were creosoteimpregnated
bridge deck consistsof stresslaminatedtimber to classe (rusre-r4o).
platessupportedby steelcrossbeamsand verti-
cal timber postswhich extend radially from the The structurewas to a large extentprefabricated
arch up to the transversebeams.The wearing at the factory of Moelven Limtre es. Arches,
course is asphalt.The railing is attachedto steel vertical posts and transversebeamswere lifted
posts,which togetherwith the cross beams,form into position by crane and temporarily supported.
an open frame.The longitudinal wooden railing The bridge deck and railings were assembled
is designedfor an impact velocity of óo km,zh. in place.Total constructiontime for the super-
 ;:i!*
{"*'* --- 1 x !]íjt .. i'i::i
: r,:a]
:lar:r!!*rif iji*:{!.4

e
'q

,1,.1'

\i

ii

{---".-*-*-
a:l
!:nar! il
!

structurewas about threeweeks,while the

mounting of the main load carrying structure
was finished in one daY.
 (onstÍu(ted: 1998
Owner:Public Roads Administration Hedmark.
Designer:InterconsultAS, consultingengineersand
Plan arkitekter,architects.
(ontractorof the substructure:
Public Roads Admini-
strationHedmark.
Contractor of the supertruCtuÍe:Moelven Limtre AS and
Public Roads Administration Hedmark.
Totallength:32,7 m
Spanz32,7m
Horizontalclearance: 75 m
loadingclass:Public Roads Administration Design
Load Regulations1995.
Structuralsystem: Glued laminated,three hinge arches
with a suspendeddeck.
Bildgedeck:Stresslaminatedtimber plate consistingof
48 x223 mm planla with asphaltwearingcourse.
Glulamgnde:L40
Woodtreatment:Thearchesand the wooden railings

Grsnsvebakken
bridge are double impregnated,with CCA and then with
creosotewith reduced absorption.The bridge deck

Hamar,
Norway planks were creosoteimpregnatedto classA (INSTA-
140).
Woodquantity:120 m'
Iotalprice:NOK 3,0 mill. The shareof the superstruc-
ture is about NOK 1.6mill.
Gronsvebakkenbridge crossesthe Flagstadriver asphalt.The railing consistsof steelposts,which
some five km north eastof the ciry of Hamar in are attachedto the cross beamsand provided
Hedmark county.The two lane bridge is part of with longitudinal wooden rails, and is designed
a regional road. In order to provide access for an impact velocity of 6o lanÁ. The arches
under the bridge,the structuralheight under- and the wooden railings are double impregnated,>
neaü the bridge deckhad to be kept as low as
possible.In addition to fulfilling this require-
ment,the chosen designharmoniseswell with
the local surroundings and proved to be cost
competitivewith other materials

The staticsystemof the bridge consistsof two

glued laminated,three hinged archeswith a sus- -F o c b e r e dfto r
90n90one \ AsíolI slttedekke
pended deck.The reaction forces are taken F=2000 \
I

directly into the ground without a horizontal

I

tension tie.The bridge deck is a stresslaminated

timber plate supportedby steelcross beamsand aEtZZJmm konsl.uRstonslre
o e k k e b r e d dceo ? 8 0 ö f e r d l g
suspendedby steeltension ties.The Pavementis oppspent
 ,'-ll

first with ccA and then with creosotewith

reduced absorption.The bridge deck planla
were creosoteimpregnatedto classe (rxsre-
r4o).The combined arch and bridge abutment
is founded on river gravel.

The structurewas to a large extentprefabricated

at the factory of Moelven Limtre as.Arches,
vertical tension ties and transversebeamswere
lifted into position by crane and temporarily
supported.The bridge deck and railings were
assembledin place.Total constructiontime for
the superstructurewas about threeweeks,while
the lifting of the main load carrying structure
was finished in one day.
 Constructed: 1993
Ownel:Public Roads Administration NordrTrondelag.
Designer:RG-prosjekt AS and Siv.ing.Nils Ivar Bovim,
consultingengineersand Arnestad-Heggenhougen-
Hage arkitektkontorAS, architects.
Main(ontractor:Public Roads Administration Nord-
Trondelag.
(ontractorofthe supeÍstructuÍe:
Splitkon ÁS
Totallength:60 m
Span:40m (mainspan)
Horizontalclearance:1.0 m
Verticalclearanceunderthebridge:3 m at high water
1evel.
loadingdass:Public Roads Administration Design
Load Regulationsof 1986
Structuralsystem:Two, three-hingedarchestilting
towardseach other with a partly elevatedsuspended
deck.
Bildgedeck Longitudinal and transversetimber beams

footbridge
Holmen with plank pavementin the middle and steelgratingin
the driving uacks.

Namsskogan,
Norway
Glulamgrade:L40
Woodtreatment: Creosoteimpregnation.
Iotal price:NOK 2,0 mill.

Holmen footbridgeis crossingthe river Namsen
close to the main road E6 in the village of
Namsskoganin Nord-Trondelag county in the
middle part of Norway. In addition to aesthetic
considerations,an important reason for choos-
ing a wooden bridge was the fact that Namssko-
gan is a typical forest community and that wood
materialwas consideredto harmonisewith the
surrounding nature.
The staticsystemof the bridge consistsof two
glued laminatedthree-hingedarcheswith a
partly elevatedbridge deck.The archeswere
given a parabolic shapeand a sectionaldepth,
which decreasestowards apex.The archestilt
slightly towards each other in order to increase
the real as weli as the visual stability.
.,,,l
iri,',lt,ftr;:,!l'l,ri
All glued laminatedmaterialis creosoteimpreg-
natedpine ofthe quality r4o. The bridge deck
consistsof longitudinal glued laminatedbeams
with wooden pavementboards in the middle
and steelgratingin the driving tracks.The
bridge is designedfor heavy maintenancevehi-
cles.
The glued laminatedtimber componentswere
manufacturedin the factory of Splitkon e/s, sit-
uatedsomeroo km north-westoíoslo. The
arch and beam elementswere transportedto the
bridge site by lorries. The archesand the beams
were divided into elementswith a maximum
length of 14,6m and a maximum height of r,8 m.
The bridge elementswere lifted into position
and mounted by crane.
 :--!
I
I
i

Constructed: 1995
0wner:Public Roads Administration Rogaiand.
Designer:Multiconsult AS, consultingengineers.
Maintontractor:TungeA,/S,constructioncompany.
(ontractorof the 5upeÍst]uctuÍe:
Moelven Limtre AS.
Totallength:31,4m
Span:24,0 m (main span).
Horizontal 2,8m
clearance:
Verticalclearanceunderthe bridgel5,0m
loadingclass:Public Roads Administration Design
Load Regulationsof 1995.
Structuralsystern:Three hinged arch,connectedto the
bridge deck at crown.
BridgedecklOne layer of transversetimber and one
layer of longirudinal plank pavement.
Glulamgrade:L40
WoodtÍeatment: CCÁ impregnatedwith an oil based
surfacetreatment,
Woodquantity:31m'

lV-Stienfootbridge Totalprice:NOK 900.000

Norway
Sandnes,
IV-Stien footbridgeis located in Sandnesin the
south-westernpart of Norway. The bridge is
crossingthe main road n39.One of the reasons
for choosing a wooden bridge was the possibility
to disassembleand re-use the bridge at an other
location in caseof a future upgradingof the r39
to four lanes.From an aestheticpoint of view, a
rock cutting at both sides of the road and the
nearby pinewood, made a timber arch structure
a natural choice.
to the bridge site by lorries. The archesand the
beamswere divided into two parts,each about
13m for the arch elementsand 16m for the
straightbeam elements.
The arch elementswere lifted into position by
crane,while the bridge deck,including railings,
was completedon the road and then lifted into
position by crane.This was possiblebecausethe
road was new and notyet open for traffic.

The staticsystemof the bridge consistsof two

glued laminatedthree hinged archesthat are
connectedto the bridge deck at crown. All wood
materialis cca impregnatedpine provided with
an oil basedsurfacetreatrnentand with the
quality r4o (glulam).The transversebeamsand
the braces are made of hot dip galvanisedsteel
profiles.

The glued laminatedtimber componentswere

manufacturedat üe factory of Moelven Limtre
es. The arch and beamelementswere transported
to Sandnesby train, and from the railway station
 (onstructed:1998
0wner:Public Roads Administration Sor-Trondelag.
Designer:Dr.IngA. Aas-JakobsenAS, consulting
engineers,Plan Arkiteker AS, architects, Public
Roads Administration Hedmark and Norske Limtre-
produsentersForening,advisors.
(ontractorofthe substructure:Public Roads Administra-
tion Sor:Trondelag.
(ontÍacto] Moelven Limtre AS.
of the 5upertruCtuÍe:
Totallength:27m
Span:18,8m (main span).
Horizontalclearan(e:4.0 m
loadingdass:Public Roads Administration Design
Load Regulationsof 1995.
Sttucturalsystem:Three-hinged,glued laminated
archeswith a suspended,partly elevatedbridge deck.
Bddgedeck Stresslaminatedtimber plate,supported
by steelcross beamsand vertical steelsuspensionties.
GIulamgndeL40

Knutshaug
bridge Woodtreatment:All wood material, except for the
bridge ded<,is double impregnated, fust with CCA
and then with creosote with reduced absorption. The
Hitra,
Norway bridge deck planks v/erecreosoteimpregnatedto class
A(rNSrA-140).
Woodquantity:45 ml
Iota!price:NOK 1,6mill. The share of the superstruchire
is about NOK 1,0mill.
17
 I
i
I

Knutshaugbridgeis part of a regionalroad and absorption.The bridgedeck plania were creosote

is crossingthe nationalroad Rv7r4 on the island impregnatedto classe (rNsre-r4o).
of Hitra, some r5o km west of the city of Trond-
heim. The bridge site exposedto strongwinds, The structurewas to a large extentprefabricated
and it is the first timber bridge in Norway which at the factory of Moelven Limtre es. Arches,

T
hasbeenbuiltin sucha marineenvironment. vertical posts and transversebeamswere lifted
It has,thus,beenfocusedon design,detailing, into position by crane and temporarily support-
impregnationand surfacetreatmentof both ed.The bridge deck and railings were assembled
wood and steelelements. in place.Total constructiontime for the super-
structurewas about two and a half week.while
The staticsystemis three-hinged,gluedlaminated the mounting of the main load carrying struc-
archeswith a suspended,partly elevatedbridge ture was finished in one day.
deck.The abutmentforces are taken directly
into the foundation.The bridge deck is a stress i.
I
laminatedtimber plate,supportedby steelcross 5500
beamsand vertical steelsuspensionties.The
wearing course is asphalt.The railing is attached
to steelposts,which togetherwith the cross
beams,form an open frame.The longitudinal
wooden railing is designedfor an impactvelocity
of 6o km./h.All wood material,exceptfor the
bridge deck,is double impregnated,first with
cca and then with creosotewith reduced
 (onstructed:1996
Owner:Public Roads Administration Hedmark.
Designer: Norconsult AS, consultingengineersand
SelbergArkitekter AS, architects.
(ontractorof thefoundation:JohannKjeldmarkAS.
(ontractorof the supe]st]uctuÍe:
Moelven Limtre AS.
Totallength:80m
Span:2x40 m
Horizontafdearancet2.2 m
Loadingclass:Public Roads Administration Design
Load Regulationsof 1995,exceptfor a reduced main-
tenancevehicle (4 t) and snow load on roof.
Structutalsystem: Two inclined, two span,trussbeams,
connectedat the top chord and with the bridge deck at
bottom chord.
Bildgedeck:Timber cross beamsand longitudinal
beamsand transverseplank pavement.
Glulamgrade:L40
.W.ood
Woodtr€ a tment: materialof lower chords is

0sfootbridge double impregnatedwith CCA and with creosotewiü

reducedabsorption.All otherwood materialis creosote

0s,Norway ímpregnatedwith reduced absorption.

Woodquantity:70mr
Totalprice:NOK 4 mill. The shareof the superstructure
is about NOK 2 mill.
Os footbridgeis crossingthe river Glomma at
Os in Osterdalen,some z5o km north-eastof the
city of Hamar.The bridge,which has a total
length of 8o m, is divided into two equal span
with one pillar in the middle of the river..W'ood
was the preferred structuralmaterialdue to the
harmony with the local nature as well as for
economicreasons.

The staticsystemconsistsoftwo single span

beams.Each beamis made of two inclined trusses
that are connectedat the top chord and that,
togetherwith the bridge deck"is forming a trian-
gular cross section.The bridge deck is built up
in traditional manner by timber cross beams,
timber longirudinal beamsand transverseplank
pavement.The bridge is provided with a protec-
tive roof which allows for the design of a light then with creosotewith reduced absorption.All
maintenancevehicle only. The roof is made up other wood materialis creosoteimpregnated
of horizontal. wooden boards with a vertical with reduced absorption.
spacingthat lets the light and wind through but
protectsthe bridge deck and structureagainst The structurewas to a large extentprefabricated
rain and snow.The wood material of the lower at the factory of Moelven Limtre as. The trusses
chords is double impregnated,first with cce and were assembledat the factory,checkedand dis-
assembledbefore impregnationand transporta-
tion to the bridge site.At site each truss span was
completelypre-assembledand then mounted by
crane.The bridge deck,roof and railings were
completedin place.Total constructiontime for
the superstructurewas about two weeks,while
the mounting of the main load carrying structure
was finished in one day.

:'.tr

'
: .
:),- *;-f :___:, :-").
,?..t:"' .:, ;..?T:_ -.../.i ' '.*.):::,^-.:"): -.*r::-.:./.a.-."
::- ir'::r''^ ..:)a:^^";:.).'

21
 Constructed:
1997
Ownet:PublicRoadsAdministration
Hedmark.
Designel:
PublicRoadsAdministrationHedmark.
(ontractor
ofthesubstrudure:
PublicRoadsAdministra-
tion Hedmark.
(onttactorof the supeÍstÍudule:
Moelven Limtre AS and
Public Roads Administration Hedmark.
Totallengthl16,7m
Span:16,7m
Horizontal clearan(e:
3,0m
loadingclass:Public Roads Administration Design
Load Regulationsof 1995.
Structutalsystem: Simply supportedplate with three
ribs.
Bridgedeck:Stresslaminatedtimber deck with an
asphaltwearing course.
Glulamgrade:L40
Woodtreatment:All wood material,exceptfor the
railings,is impregnatedwith creosote.The railings

Rotnafootbridge are CCA impregnatedand provided with an oil based

surfacetreatment.

Norway
Grue,
Woodquantity:25m'
Totatptite:NOK 600.000.The shareof the superstruc-
tureis aboutNOK 260.000.
,PPaitaR tFt !R,i t :i,rEn4,.t,
..'l
-l]1]4]l. 'Ú1f9j:!:'Ú
Rotna footbridgeis crossingthe river Rotna in
Grue, some r+okm north-eastof Oslo. The
bridge representsa very simple timber structure
which, compared to similar steeland concrete
concepts,proved to be,not only technically a
very good solution,but also to be advantageous
with respectto economy and aesthetics.
The structureconsistsof a stresslaminated
timber deck,strengthenedby three integrated
glued laminatedbeams.The deck elementsand
the beamsare stressedtogetherto form three
interactingT-cross sections.The solution reduces
the structuralheight significantlycompared to a
designwith separatebeams.The railings consist
of horizontal timber rails attachedto vertical
steelposts.The steelposts are fixed to the bridge
deckby meansoffoot platesand boltsthrough
the bridge slab.All wood material,exceptfor the
railings,are impregnatedwith creosote.The rail-
ings are cce impregnatedand provided with an
oil basedsurfacetreatment.
The glued laminatedbeamsas well as the planks
for the bridge deck were prefabricatedand
deiivered ready for assemblyat site.The beams
were lifted into position by craneand the restwas
assembledon úe beamsin place.Construction
time for the superstructurewas about one week.
2! '1ól
1[ /ó!,
i5?ó0
 (onstÍuCted:1996
Owner:Public Roads Administration Ostfold.
Designer: GEAS AS, architectsand consultingengineers.
Maincontractor:ove Skár A,/S,constructioncomPany.
Contra(torofthe superstructure:Splitkon AS
Totallength:64,6 m
Span:20,6 m (mainspan).
Horizontafclearancel.
2,7m
Verticalclearanceunderthebridge:5,0m
Loadingc|ass:Public Roads AdministratíonDesign
Load Regulationsof 1995.
stÍuduraIsystem: Four span,simply supported,con-
tinuos glued laminatedtrusswith the deck at the
bottom chord.
Bridgedeck One layer of timber with tongue and
groove and one layer ofplank pavement,both placed
at an angleto the longitudinal axis.
Glulamgrade:L30
Woodtreatment:Creosoteimpregnatedpine exceptfor

footbridge
Skovbole the bridge deck which is CCA impregnated.
Totalprice:NOK3,6 mill. The shareof the superstruc-

Fredrikstad,
Norway ture is about NOK2.7 mi]rl.
Skovbole footbridgeis locatedin the city of
Fredrikstadin the south-easternpart of Norway.
The bridgeis crossingthe nationalroad Rvro9.
The timber bridge conceptwas the result of a
competitionon conceptualideas for footbridges.
In addition wood materialwas considered a
natural choice in Fredrikstadwith its traditions
in exportof sawtimberand as an appointed
town for environmentalimprovements.

The staticsystemofthe bridge is a four span,

simply supported,continuous glued laminated
trusswith the deck at the bottom chord. The
bridge deck is made up of one layer of timber
with tongue and groove and one layer ofplank
pavement,both placed at an angleto the longi-
rudinal axis.All wood materialis creosote
impregnatedpine exceptfor the bridge deck
which is cce impregnated.The quality of the
glulam materialis r3o.

The glued laminatedtimber componentswere

manufacturedin the factory of Splitkon e,/s,
situatedsome roo km north-west of Oslo.
 (onstructed:1997
Owner:Public Roads Administration Hedmark.
Designet: Interconsultas,consultingengineersand
SnohettaarkitekterAS. architects.
(ontractorofthe substructure:
Pubiic Roads Administra-
tion Hedmark.
(ontradoroÍthe5upe]stluctuÍe: Moelven Limtre AS.
Totallength:40m
Span:32,0m (mainspan).
Horizontalclearan(er4,0 m
Verticalclearanceunderthebridge:5,2 m
Loadingclass:PublicRoads Administration Design
Load Regulations1995.
stÍu(ura|system: Glued laminatedtrusswith arched
bottom chord and partly fixed ends.
Bridgedeck:Partly elevated,stresslaminatedtimber
plate,supportedby steelcross beamsand vertical steel
suspensionties.
Glulamgrade;L40

SkubbeÍgsenga
bridge Woodtteatment:The trussesare double impregnated,
first with CCA and then with creosotewith reduced

Eidskog,
Norway
absorption.The bridge deck planks were creosote
impregnatedto classA (INSTA-140).
Woodquantity:80 m3
Iotalprice:NOK 2,5 mill. The shareof the superstruc-
ture is about NOK 1.6mill.
Skubbergsengabridge is crossingthe national
road Rvz in Eidskog,some r5 km eastof the city
ofKongsvinger.The one lanebridgeis part ofa
local road and is designedfor full traffic load.
The bridge is crossingthe main road at a right
angleand is given an arched shapein order to
form a visual attractionin an otherwisesome-
what monotonouslandscape.The chosensolu-
tion proved to be cost competitivewith other
materials.

The staticsystemis a one span,glued laminated

trusswith an archedbottom chord. The bridge
deck is partly elevated.The structureis simply
supportedfor dead load and has fixed ends for 0lkkebíedd! co l.370 Í€ r dig
other loads,as the upper chords are tied to the oppspennl(91stk. ptonkl

concreteabutmentsby steeities afterthe

mounting of the bridge.The bridge deck consists
of stresslaminatedtimber platessupportedby
steelcross beamsand vertical steelsuspension
ties.The wearing course is wooden. The railing
is attachedto steelposts,which togetherwith
the cross beams,are forming an open frame.
The longitudinal steelrailing is designedfor an
impact velocity of 5o km.zh.All wood material,
exceptfor the bridge deck,is double impregnated,
first with cca and then with creosotewith
reducedabsorption.The bridge deck plan-kswere
creosoteimpregnatedto classe (Insre-r4o).
The structure was to a large extent prefabricated
at the factory of Moelven Limtre es. The trusses
were assembled in the factory, checked and dis-
assembled before impregnation and transporta-
tion to the bridge site where they were reassem-
bled and lifted into position one by one. Total
construction time for the superstructure was
about three weeks, while the mounting of the
trusses was finished in one day.
 Yearof completion:
1997
Owner:City of Lahti
Designer:SuomalainenInsinóoritoimisto oy
(SITO)
Mainconttactor:Vierumáen Teollisuusoy
Totallength;44m
Spans:13,5+ 13,5+ 13,0m
Effectivewidth:3,0 m
Verticalclearance
underthebridge:4,8 m
Loadings:4 kN/m'
Sewice vehicle 40 + 20 kN, axle spacing2,0 m
Structuralsystem:Glued laminatedtimber girder
Bridgedeck:Glued laminatedtimber slabs
Timbergrade:L40
Woodtteatment: Saltimpregnation+ painting
(Bridgedeck creosoteimpregnation)
Woodquantity:30 mr
Iotalprice:FIM 630.000(EUR 106.000) Shareofthe
superstructure FIM 330.000(EUR 56.000)

Mukkulankatu
oveÍpass
Lahti,Finland
 Mukkulankatu overpassis locatedin the city
of Lahti roo kilometresnorth from Heisinki.
The bridgeis on an outdoor recreattonroute
passinground the city. A timber bridge is
deemedto be a very appropriatealternative
in this surrounding.

The staticalsystemconsistsof a three-span

continuous girder with two glued laminated
main beams,which also form part of the railing.
The material of the girders is salt-impregnated
KREOSOOTTIXYLLASTYS and painted pine with the quality of r4o (corre-
spondsto cL32 accordingto prEN rr94).The
deck consistsofglued laminatedand creosote-
impregnatedwood elementswith the same
qualityr4o.
t.UKKU
LÁ

The timber componentswere manufacturedin

the íactoryof Vierumáen Teollisuus oy about
20 kilometresfrom the bridge site.The assem-
bling work of the superstructurewas performed
on the factory.The ready bridge unit was trans-
ported by a lorry to the erection site and lifted
to its final position by mobile cranesin two
hours.The traffic under the bridge was cut off
only betweentwo and four o'clock at night.
Consequently,all expensiveoperationsin traffic
arrangementswere avoided.
 Yearof completion: 1997

,&
ti Owner;City of Espoo
#i
i{l IÉ- Designer:SiltatekniikkaOy Viadukt
Maincontractot: Finnish Road Administration
Contractor ofthesuperstructuÍe:
VierumáenTeollisuusoy
Totallength:47m
S p a n : 3 3 ,m3
Effectivewidth:4 m
Loadingclass:klVTieL 91
(lighttrafficloading/Finnish Road Administration)
structuÍa|system: Glued laminatedtimber arch
Bridgedeck:Glued laminatedtimber slabs
Timbergrade:L40
Woodtreatment:Salt impregnadon+ parntingor creosote
imnreonation
Wood quantity:75
mr
Totalpilce:
FIM 820.000
(EUR138.000)
Shareofthesuperstluctule
FIM ó83.000
(EUR115.000)

0llasoveÍpass
Espoo,
Finland
Ollas overpassis locatedin the city of Espoo
some 20 kilometreswest from the centreof
Helsinki. In designthe aestheticand ecological
aspectswere deemedvery important due to the
neighbouringcultural landscape.For thatreason
timber was a natural choice as building material.

The staticalsystemofthe bridgeconsistsoftwo

glued laminatedarcheswith a partially elevated
deck.The material of the archesis salt impreg-
nated and painted pine with the quality of r4o
(correspondsto cL32 accordingto prox rr94).
The materialof the deck elements,transverse
beamsand the bracesis creosoteimpregnated
pine of the samequality r4o. The lighting posts
and the main parts of the railings are wood as
well.

The timber componentswere manufacturedin

the factory of Vierumáen Teollisuus oy rzo km
north from Helsinki and transportedby lorries
to the erection site.The transportationelements
of the archeswere 33,8m long and 5,2m high.
 ffiit

Thosedimensionsdemandedsomespecial
arrangementsin the transportation.The longest
transportationelementsof the deck were 34 m
long.

The wooden elementswere lifted directly from

the lorries to theirfinai positionby mobile
cranes.The benefitof the arrangementis that
the traffic under the overpasswas cut off for
short periods only.
 Yearof completion:1996
0wner:Finnish Road Administration
Designer:YS-yhtiot
Maincontractor: FírrnishRoad Administration
Manufacturer of the timberstÍuftures:Vierumáen
Teollisuus Oy
Iotallength:15,2m
Span:13,8 m
Effectivewidth:4,0 m
Loadings:klVTieL91
(light traffic loading/Finnish Road Administration)
structuÍa| system:King-post truss

ii
Bridgedeck 50 x 150 structurallumber
Iimbergrade:Glued laminatedtimber L40
t
Structurallumber T30 ii:
Woodtreatment:Salt impregnation+ painting
Woodquantity:19 m' ,1
Totalprice:FIM 450.000(EUR 76.000)
Shareof the timber structuresFIM 53.000

Sinettájoki ge
footbrid (EUR 9.000)

Finland
Municipality
Rovaniemi
 5 4 0 . . 3 6 0 x 1 4L0= 4 9 8 0
L=305 h|2 ó93

il
Y

150

4) 360..40Jx265 L=4J00
J60x2l5 L:15160

Sinettájokifootbridgeis located some 30 kilo_

metresnorth from Rovaniemi, the capital of
Finnish Lapland.The bridgecrossesrhe river
alongsideto the main road in a small village.The
bridge was adaptedto the Lapp village environ-
ment by choosing a traditiona]kiÍIg-posttruss
as the structuralsystem.

A similar type of bridge did exist in the same

place from 1879until 1928aÍIditwas desisnedin
"=
*
' a!+
:= .*J:-
-

S t o c k h c . : :..: : '
f}tenes .:-i '
The \\'!-.-i:: r ,
imitatc :::: -
plne.

The s'ci .:.:. . ..

tureci r::l-.::.-
r2okm :.a::. '-
the site b'. , ::
 Yearof completion: 1997
Owner:Finnish Road Administration
Designer: Nuvo Innovation Oy
Maincontractor:Finnish Road Administration
(ontractoroftimbe]structu]e5:vierumáen Teollisuusoy
Totallength:129m
S p a n : 1 5m
,0
Effectivewidth: Z5 m
Loadings: Lk 1
(Road traffic loading/Finnish Road Administration)
struduÍalsystem:\7ood-concretecompositebridge
Bridgedeck:Concrete
Pavement: Asphalt
Timbergrade:L40
Woodtteatment: Creosoteimpregnation
Woodquantity:30 ml
Totalprice:FIM 644.000(EUR 108.000)
Share ofthe timber structures
FrM 142.000(EUR 24.000)

Tirvabridge
Valkeala,
Finland
'Wood-concrete
compositebridgeshave been
the main topic of the timber bridge research
projectsexecutedat Helsinki University of
Technology since 1992.Tirva Bridge is one of
the practical realizationsofthe projects.The
bridge is locatedin Valkeala r5o km northeast
from Helsinki in the surroundings of great
natural beauty.

The staticalsystemof the bridge is a simple-span

compositestructureconsistingof threewooden
main girders and a concreteslab.Each of the
main girders consistsof three glued laminated
timber beamsbolted together.The underside of
the main girders is curved.The height of the
girders is increasedtoward supportsby gluing
additionalwoodenlaminatesin progressive
stepsto the underside of the beams.Thus the
shear capacityis increasedas well. In addition, a composite structure together with glued-in
the curved shapeof the girders has a positive rods of 16 mm and transverse dowels of ztmm
influence on the appearanceofthe bridge.The The railings consist of steel frame and wooden
samewooden laminatesare used to accomplish trellis.
 Yearof completion: 1999
0wner:Finnish Road Administration
Main(ontractor: Y lT Corporation
Designel:Insinoöritoimisto Rantakokko & Co oy
Totallength:182m
Spans:21,0+ 42,0+ 42,0+ 42,0+ 21,0m
Effectivewídth11'0+ ]'0 m
loadings: Lk1, EkllTiel9l
(Trafficloading/Finnish Road Administration)
Structuralsystem:Glued laminatedking-post trussin
three middle spans,
Concrete- glued laminatedtimber compositegirders
in two side spans
Bridgedeck Concrete- steel- glued laminatedtimber
composltestructure
Timbergrade: L40
Woodtreatment:Salt impregnationor creosoleimpreg-
nation,structuralcovering of the king-post trusses
Woodquantity:985 m'

Vihantasalmi
bridge Totalprice:FIM 20.600.000(EUR 1.465.000)
Shareofthe superstructure FIM 16.800.000

Mántyharju,
FinIand íEUR2.826.000)
Main road no. 5 crossesthe VihantasalmiStrait
r8o kilometresnorth from Helsinki. The old
steelbridge remainedtoo narrow due to the
improvementof the road. \7ood was chosen as
the materialfor the new bridge.The decision
was done in order to emphasizethe significance
of the area as the raw materialsource for the
forest industry.The use of wood material also
stressesthe ecologicalaspects,which are
deemedvery important in the surrounding
province.'V'ood is also very attractivein the
gracefullake district of the bridge site.
It was decided to arrangean idea competitionin
order to find new innovations for timber bridges.
Thirty-one designteamswere interestedin the
competition.Five teamswere finally invited to
make their proposals.As a result eleven designs
were proposed.The structuralsystemofthe
winning proposal was a king-post truss in three
main spans.Later two side spanswere added.
The bridge type regardsthe traditions of timber
bridges applying simultaneouslythe newest
technology.
Each of the main girders and the diagonalsof
the king-post trussesin the three main spans
consist of two glued laminatedtimber members
each.The bridge deck consistsofa concreteslab
and longitudinal glued laminatedtimber beams
supportedby transversesteeltrusses.The struc-
tural system in the two side spans consists of
concrete-gluedlaminatedtimber composite
girders.The pedestrianand birycle lane of the
bridge will be carried out as a wooden cantilever
structure.
The bridge is planned to be completedin 1999.
The deck area of the bridge will be the largestas
regardedto the timber bridges on main roads in
the Nordic Countries.
 Constructed! 1997
Owner:Municipatity of Haninge.
Designer: ELU Konsult AB (substructure), Svenska
Trábroar AB (superstructure)
ContÍador: SvenskaVág AB
Supplielof superstructute:
SvenskaTrábroar AB
Tota||engthofsupe]struduÍe: 168m
Span:One 13.5m span,seven 17m spans,one 35 m
main span
Horizontalclearance:3.5 m
Loadings:Auniformly distributedload of 4 kN/m'or
two axle loads,80 and 40 kN of a maintenancevehicle.
stÍuduralsystem:The main span and the two adjacent
spansare supportedby two steelpylons and solid bar
stays.Six spansare supportedby abutmentsand bents.
Pylons:Steel box 500x800 mm at the foot,500x300
mm at the top. Up to the bridge deck the cavity is filled
up with concrete.
Bridgedeck Continous stress-laminateddeck,495 mm

Gudöbroleden
footbridge
thick. The wearing surface is a 50 mm thick asphalt
pavementon a welded bitumen mat.

Haninge,
Sweden Timber:GradeK30. Deck abovethe trafficroute,rail
ings and claddingpanels is preservative-treatedEuro-
pean redwood (pine).Deck outside the traÍficroute is
Europeanwhitewood (spruce),without preservative
treaünent.
Woodquantity:305 m'
The bridge crossesthe Gudöbroleden in Haninge, The deck surfaceis protectedby a welded
south of Stockholm.The length of the bridge is bitumen insulation mat and 5o mm asphalt
168m. The stress-laminateddeck consistsof pavement.The edgesofthe deck have a panel
butt-jointedlaminations of tzmlength, with a cladding.The timber surfacesof railing, cladding
cross-sectionof 7zx 495mm'. The laminations and deck are painted with three coatsof an oil-
are untreatedEuropeanwhitewood,exceptin the basedsemitransparentcoating.The deck is
part above the traffic route that is preservative- sloping z 0/ocrosswisefor draining.
treatedEuropean redwood.The bridge is
designedaccording to the SwedishRoad
Administrationsdesign code Bro 94,for
pedestrianbridges. 2 SI R0STFRI
SPAX 6x100/5]0LPE
115x115
Ll0 sT sr4rDts005/ sYLt
F0RSANKT
FYRKÁNTBR|tKA !K
DUBBETS]D[A
BUILOOGBR
C|(OR
The zr m heigh steelpylons support the 35m T117VFZI']ELLAN
SYLLOIH
PLATTA
long mid-span and the two adjacentr7 m spans.
The other spans,which have a length of ry.5and 22
(lAtK 110)
17m, aÍesupportedby 6 steelbents'4 of üem in OtH tAGIRPAII
BROPLAITA
V-shape.The bridge deck is assembledon the
TER.
abutmentsand bents.The stressingbars are ^t- sPÁNNN6
ó
Dywidagz6.5 mm, spaced8oo mm apart. L
=f

The pretensioningforce is 372kN. The stays

are solid bars. M161.2C0 l'lUTTtR
OCHBRIIKA
HÁL o]9 | SIOLPI
 (onstructed:1996
0wner:Municipalityof Sodertálje,Járna district
Designer: Prisma Arkitekter, ELU Konsult AB (sub-
structule),Maltinsons Trá KB and Trátek (super-
structure)
(ontractor:Södertálje Bro&Vág AB
5upplietof supetstÍuctu]e:
Martinsons Trá KB
Totallengthof superstructure:80.4 m
Span:15+25 +25 + 1.5m
Horizontalclearance:2.8 m
Verticafclearanceunderthebridge:5.15 m
loadings:Auniformly distributedload of 4 kN/nt' or
two axle loads,80 and 40 kN of a maintenancevehicle.
Structuralsystem:A centralpylon, two 25 m cable-
stayedspansand two 15 m simply supportedspans.
Bridgedeck:Stressedll The wearingsurfaceis a 50 mm
thick asphaltpavementon a welded bitumen mat.
Timber:Glulam of preservative-treatedEuropean red-
wood (pine),gradeL40. The railing has steelpostsard

Járnafootbridge pales of uncoatedand untreatedlarch.

Woodquantity:82 m'

Járna,Sweden
This footbridgeat SaltáKvarn,Járna,some 5o km
south of Stockholm,crossesthe motorway n4.

The stressed-tdeck is built up of zt5 mm glulam

sections.The height of the three deck beamsis
63omm.The pre-stressing bars aÍeM24spaced
9oo mm apart.The four parts of the structure,
15m and z5 m long respectively,were entirely
assembledat the factory and delivered to the
site completewith railings.

The pylon is built up of two rz-sided polygonal

hollow glulam sections(Comwood)with an outer
diameterof 6oo mm and a wall thicknessof
64 mm. The height of the pylon is rr.5m.
The staysare solid bars 3z mm dia. (upper)and
40 mm dia. (lower stays).Up to a height of 3 m
above the deck,the staysare protectedwith
plastic tubes.

The entire structureis cca-treated European

redwood exceptthe railing that is untreated
larch.The structure,exceptthe railing,is finished
with threecoatsof a semi-transparent coating.
 (onstructed: 1997
0wner:Municipality of Borlange
Designer:Martinsons Trá KB and Trátek
Contractol:SkanskaAB
Martinsons Trá KB
SuppIierof superstructure:
Iotallength:20.5 m
Span:20.0 m
Horizontalclearance:8.0m
Loadings:Standardtraffic loads given in Bro 94: three
axle loads of250 kN each and in addition a 12 kN/m
uniform lane load on the first,3 m wide lane.The three
axle loads ofthe adjacentlane are 170kN each and the
uniform lane load 9 kN/m. The axle loads are spaced
1.5m and 6 m apartrespectively.
Structuralsystem:Stressed-box
Bridgedeck The upper plate ofthe box. It is protected
by a welded bitumen insulation mat and a 90 mm
thick asphaltpavement
Timber:Glulam of Europeanwhitewood (spruce),

lusbácken
bridge gradeL40, withoutpreservativetreatment.
Woodquantity:97 mr

Borlánge,Sweden
This bridge is crossingthe brook Lusbácken at
Borlánge,in the province of Dalarna.It is the
first stressed-boxbridge constructedin Sweden.
The whole superstructurewas delivered to the
site in four parts,including the railing.

The structureis designedusing finite element

analysis.In ultimate limit stateand with a residual
compressivestressof o.35N/mm"due to pre-
stressing,the designtensilestressperpendicular
to grain,is limited to o.z N/mm".The mean
deflectionof the four wheels spacedr.5m apart
is limited to I/ 4ooof the span of the bridge.
The upper and lower platesof the box are 2r5mm
glulam,the rz webs consist of glulam beams
t65x99o mm. The pre_stressingbars aÍeM24
spaced9oo mm apartin the upper plate and
16oomm apartin the lower plate.To meetthe
requirementsof Bro 94,the railings are made of
steel,but claddedwith wood, preservativetreated
pine, to give the bridge a timber look.
The protectionby designis givenhighestpriority.
The bridge deck is sloping 2.50lo
crosswisefor
draining.All timber surfacesare finished with
three coatsof an alkyd oil-based semi-transpar-
ent coating.There is a roomy spacebetweenthe
timber structureand the concreteabutmentto
allow for ventilationand insoection.
 (onstructed:1996
Owner:SwedishRail Administratron
Designer:SCC Ludügson Ingenjörsbyrá AB (substruc-
ture),Martinsons Trá KB and Trátek (supersÜucture)
(ontractor:SIAB AB
Martinsons Trá KB
5upp|ierof superstructure:
Totaflengthof supelstru(ture:
32.34m
Spanofthe archesz17.7m
Horizontalclearance:5.0 m
Loadings:Three axle loads of250 kN eachspaced1.5m
and 6 m apartrespectivelyand a 12 kN/m uniform
lane load.
Structuralsystem:Two three-hingedarches.
Bildgedeck Stress-laminatedplate
Timber:Arches,struts,crossbeamsand railings are
CCÁ-treated glulam gradeL40 ofEuropean redwood
(pine).Bridge deck ofEuropean whitewood (spruce),
gradeL40, without preservativetreatment.
Woodquantity:74 m'

bridge
Margreteholm
Sweden
Margreteholm,
This bridge crossesthe railway between
Falkoping andJonkopíng,near Mullsjö in
the province of Vástergötland.
The bridge deck consistsof zr5 mm glulam
supportedby cross-beamsat a distanceof
33-3.8m. The deck has a fold, it is sloping cross-
wise in both directions to give the asphaltpave-
ment a uniform thicknessas demandedby the
owner ofthe bridge.The pre-stressingbars are
mz4 spaced9oo mm apart.
The two archesare built up of two members
each.These members,spaced20 mm, are glulam
r4o with a cross-sectionof 866xzr5 mm".
The railing posts,made of glulam r4o x r8o mm',
fulfrll the requirementsof Bro 94 regarding
loading 9 kN/m, o.55m above pavement.
The structureis cce-treated European redwood
exceptthe deck that is made of untreatedEuro-
pean whitewood.All timber surfacesare finished
with three coatsof an alkyd oil-based semi-
transparentcoatlng.
 Constructed: 199ó
0wner:Svanbo,/Nibbarsboroad association
Designer:SvenskaTrábroar AB and ELU Konsult AB
Cont]aCto]:VágverketProduktion
5upp|ierof supertructuÍe:SvenskaTrábroar AB
TotaIIengthofsupeÍstruduÍe: 73 m
Span:6.95 m
width:4.2m
Horizontalclearance:
4.0 m
loadings:Three aíe loads of250 kN each and in addi-
tion a 12 kN/m uniform lane load. The axle loads are
spaced1.5m and 6 m apartrespectively.
Stlucturalsystem:Stress-laminatedplate on two sup-
ports.
Bridgedeck 305 mm thick stress-laminateddeck.The
wearingsurfaceis a 60 mm thick asphaltpavement.
Timber:European whitewood(spruce),grade K30,
without presewativetreatment.Railing of preservative
treatedEuropean redwood (pine)

Nibbarsbo
bridge Woodquantity:10 m'

Nibbarsbo,
Sweden
 l
r{r
\

This 7.3m long and 4.2m wide road bridge The deck surfaceis protectedby an asphalt
crossesthe streamGisslarboáLrr, near Nibbarsbo insulation and pavement The edgesof the deck
in the province of Vástrnanland.It replacesan have a panel cladding.The timber surfacesof
old steelbeam bridge with timber deck The railing, cladding and deck are painted with three
laminations,with a cross-sectionof Tzx3o5nrrf , coatsof an oil-based semitransparentcoating.
are made of untreatedEuropean whitewood. The deck is sloping r.5o/ocrosswise for draining.
The moisture contentprior to assemblingwas
rz0l0.The bridge is designedto the loading
requirementsof a road bridge accordingto
Bro 94,the designcode of the SwedishRoad
Administration.

The bridge is assembledon the old abutments

using preassembled,nailed panels.The stressing
bars are Dywidag 20 mm, spaced8oo mm apart.
The pretensioningforce is z3o kN.
 (onstructed: 1997
0wner:Municipality of Ronneby.
Designet:SvenskaTrábroar AB
Contrador:NCC Anlággning AB
5uppIierof superstruduÍe:SvenskaTrábroar AB
LengthofsupetstÍuduÍe: 29.1m
Span:28.0 m
Horizontafclearance:2.5 m
loadings:A uniformly distributedload of 4 kN,/m' or
alternativelya 40 kN rnaintenancevehicle.
stÍudulaIsystem: Two Howe trussessupportingcross-
beamsand servingas railings.
Bridgedeck:50 mm open plank deck on longirudinal
Deams /z x 1./(tmm -
Timber:The ffussesare made ofglulam ofpreservative-
treatedEuropean redwood (pine),gradeL40.
The bridge dech railing pales and coveringsare
pleservaüve-tleatedEuropean redwood gradeK30.
Woodquantity:20mr

Ronneby
footbridge
Ronneby,
Sweden
a :'1'.\
!

:
: ..-i'. ,
' i '1r-i- - -*i
,r1, / ' , 1 :
,

./' ;'i i
riti
i:i

I'

'''''

This footbridgecrossesthe streamRonnebyán

at Ronneby Brunn in Ronneby, Sweden.

The structuralsystemconsistsof two Howe-

trusses,crossbeamssupportingthe longitudinal
deck beamsand stabilizingthe trussesand a
timber deck.The upper and lower chords of
the trussesare made of glulam,grade r4o. The
diagonalbraces are made of glulam or timber.
The vertical web-tensionmembersof steelare flashing.The deck consistsof longitudinal timber
pre-tensioned. beamsand transversedeckplanks. All timber
membersare preservative-treatedaccording to
The upper chords are protectedby a wooden Nordic classA, the surfacesare treatedwith two
roo{ the lover chords by a coatedsteelsheet coatsof an oil-based semitransparentcoating.
 (onstru<ted:1997
Owner:Borgárdetsroad association
Designer:SvenskaTrábroar ÁB
(ontractor:Svenska Trábroar ÁB
Supp|ietof supertructure:SvenskaTrábroar AB
Iotallength:21m
Span:10.2 m
Horizonta! clearance:
3.5 m
loadings:Threeaíe loads of250 kN each and in addi_
tion a 12 kN/m uniform lane load. The axle loads are
spaced1.5m and 6 m apartrespectivd The design
maximum deflecionis l/247 of the span.
Structuralsystem:Stress-laminatedplate on three sup-
ports.
Bridgede*: 395 mm thick stress-laminateddeck.The
wearingsurfaceis a 60 mm thick asphaltpavement.
Timber:Europeanwhitewood (spruce),gradeK30,
without preservative treatment.Railing of preservative

Svárdsiö
treated European redwood (pine)

bridge Woodquantity:31 m'

5várdsjö,Sweden
 a7'

:
.lr

I
!
.1^,4\ 1 ':l);:'.:,
i :\_)/ \;i.i
i..-

This bridge crossesthe streamBorgiirdes- The stressingbars are Dywidag26.5mm, spaced

süömmen at Svárdsjö, in the province of Dalarna"
The length of the bridge is zr m, the two spans
are ro.2m each.The stress-laminateddeck
consists of glued, butt-jointed laminations with
a cross-sectioloÍ7zx395 mm".The laminations
are untreated European whitewood. The moisture
contentprior to assemblingwas rz 0/0. The bridge
is designed to the loading requirements of a road
bridge according to Bro 94,the design code of
the SwedishRoad Administration.
955mm apart.The pretensioningforce is 373kN.
The deck surfaceis protectedby an asphalt
insulation and pavement.The edgesof the deck
have a panel cladding.The timber surfacesof
railing cladding and deck are paintedwith three
coatsof an oil-based semitransparentcoating.
The deck is sloping r.50/ocrosswisefor draining.
, 3515_

The bridge is assembledon the abutments.

During the assembling,prior to the prestressing,
the laminationsare held in place with nails
when the predrilled holes are aligned.