LESSON 1:

Prounciation and stress

I. Ngữ âm:

BẢ NG PHIÊ N Â TIẾ NG ANH

1. Cách phát âm –ed:
- Có 3 cá ch phá t â m –ed:
* đọ c thà nh â m /id/ vớ i nhữ ng từ có â m cuố i là / t, d /
* đọ c thà nh â m /t/ vớ i nhữ ng từ có â m cuố i là /p, f, k, s, ∫, t∫, θ /
* đọ c thà nh â m /d/ vớ i nhữ ng trườ ng hợ p cò n lạ i
Ex:
/id/ /t/ /d/
- dedicated - stopped - opened
- devoted - laughed - arrived
- pretended - liked - discovered
- needed - washed - interviewed
2. Cách phát âm của –s / -es
- Có 3 cá ch phá t â m –s hoặ c –es:
* đọ c thà nh â m /s/ vớ i nhữ ng từ có â m cuố i là / p, f, k, t, θ /
* đọ c thà nh â m /iz/ vớ i nhữ ng từ có â m cuố i là / s, z, ∫, t∫, dƷ/
* đọ c thà nh â m /z/ vớ i nhữ ng trườ ng hợ p cò n lạ i
Ex:
/s/ /iz/ /z/
- cups - buses - tables
- laughs - washes - swallows
- likes - watches - schoolyards
- baths - boxes - days

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3. Cách đánh dấu trọng âm:
a. Từ có 2 âm tiết: Trọ ng â m có thể rơi và o â m tiết đầ u hoặ c â m tiết thứ hai.
- Danh từ và tính từ:
- Trọ ng â m đượ c đặ t ở vầ n đầ u
Ex: ‘table, ‘happy, ‘lucky, ‘weather……
- Mộ t số danh từ có trọ ng â m ở từ gố c
Ex: de’sign, be’lief, ac’cept, de’mand………..
Danh từ tậ n cù ng –OO hay –OON: trọ ng â m đặ t trên vầ n nà y
Ex: after’noon, bam’boo, bal’loon……..
- Động từ:
- độ ng từ tậ n cù ng bằ ng –OW, -EN, -Y, -EL, -LE, -ISH: trọ ng â m ở vầ n thứ nhấ t
Ex: ‘follow, ‘finish, ‘carry, ‘suffer, ‘harden, ‘answer………
- độ ng từ tậ n cù ng bằ ng –ATE: trọ ng â m đặ t ở vầ n hai
Ex: trans’late, cre’ate……..
- Từ hai vần vừa là danh từ vừa là động từ:
+ Trọng âm được đặt ở vần thứ nhất khi chúng là danh từ
Ex: ‘record, ‘object……
+ Trọng âm được đặt ở vần thứ hai khi chúng là động từ
Ex: re’cord, ob’ject……
Note: Khô ng phả i tấ t cả cá c từ hai vầ n vừ a là danh từ vừ là độ ng từ đều theo qui tắ t nà y
- Mộ t số từ có trọ ng â m ở vầ n thứ nhấ t: purchase, promise, sorrow……..
- Mộ t số từ có trọ ng â m ở vầ n thứ hai: regret, surprise, control…….
- Giới từ: trọng âm được đặt ở từ gốc
Ex: be’hind, be’fore, a’bove……..
- Từ ghép:
- Danh từ : trọ ng â m thườ ng đặ t ở từ đầ u
Ex: ‘baseball, ‘schoolbag, ‘drugstore…..
- Tính từ : trọ ng â m thườ ng đặ t ở vầ n thứ hai
Ex: good-‘looking, bad-‘tempered, old-‘fashioned
- Đại từ phản thân: trọng âm đặt ở vần “self / selves”
Ex: my’self, him’self, them’selves
b. Từ có 3 âm tiết:
- Nhữ ng từ có hậ u tố là : -ade, -ee, -ese, -ette, -ique, -eer, -ain thì trọ ng â m chính
rơi và o ngay âm tiết đó
Ex: lemo’nade, ciga’rette, Vietna’mese, enter’tain …
- Â m tiết liền trước cá c hậ u tố -tion, thườ ng nhậ n trọ ng â m
Ex:, trans’lation
- Từ tậ n cù ng bằ ng –ate thườ ng đặ t ở âm thứ 3 tính từ cuối
Ex: ‘generate, cer’tificate, cong’ratulate
c. Từ có 3 âm tiết trở lên:
- Nhữ ng từ tậ n cù ng bằ ng cá c hậ u tố -ic, -ual, -ian, -ical, -ity, -graphy, -ics, -logy
â m tiết liền trước nó thườ ng nhậ n trọ ng â m
Ex: eco’nomic, intel’lectual, mathema’tician, poli’tician, eco’nomical, uni’versity,
ge’ography, mathe’matics soci’ology
- Trọ ng â m đặ t ở â m thứ 2 trướ c cá c hậ u tố -ize, -ary
Ex: ‘modernize, ‘dictionary, i’maginary

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 PRACTICE
STRESS
1. A. adorable B. ability C. impossible D. entertainment
2. A. engineer B. corporate C. difficult D. different
3. A. popular B. position C. horrible D. positive
4. A. selfish B. correct C. purpose D. surface
5. A. permission B. computer C. million D. perfection
6. A. scholarship B. negative C. develop D. purposeful
7. A. ability B. acceptable C. education D. hilarious
8. A.document B. comedian C. perspective D. location
9. A. provide B. product C. promote D. profess
10. A. different B. regular C. achieving D. property
11. A. education B. community C. development D. unbreakable
12. A. politics B. deposit C. conception D. occasion
13. A. prepare B. repeat C. purpose D. police
14. A. preface B. famous C. forget D. childish
15. A. cartoon B. western C. teacher D. theater
16. A. Brazil B. Iraq C. Norway D. Japan
17. A. scientific B. ability C. experience D. material
18. A. complain B. luggage C. improve D. forgive
19. A. offensive B. delicious C. dangerous D. religious
20. A. develop B. adjective C. generous D. popular
21. A. beautiful B. important C. delicious D. exciting
22. A. element B. regular C. believing D. policy
23. A. punctual B. tolerant C. utterance D. occurrence
24. A. expensive B. sensitive C. negative D. sociable
25. A. education B. development C. economic D. preparation
26. A. attend B. option C. percent D. become
27. A. literature B. entertainment C. recreation D. information
28. A. attractive B. perception C. cultural D. expensive
29. A. chocolate B. structural C. important D. national
30. A. cinema B. position C. family D. popular
31. A. natural B. department C. exception D. attentive
32. A. economy B. diplomacy C. informative D. information
33. A. arrest B. purchase C. accept D. forget
34. A. expertise B. cinema C. recipe D. similar

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35. A. government B. musician C. disgusting D. exhausting
36. A. successful B. interest C. arrangement D. disaster
37. A. competition B. repetition C. equivalent D. disappointment
38. A. private B. provide C. arrange D. advise
39. A. academic B. education C. impossible D. optimistic
40. A. study B. knowledge C. precise D. message
41. A. industry B. performance C. importance D. provision
42. A. contain B. express C. carbon D. obey
43. A. impress B. favor C. occur D. police
44. A. regret B. selfish C. purpose D. preface
45. A. govern B. cover C. perform D. father
46. A. writer B. teacher C. builder D. career
47. A. morning B. college C. arrive D. famous
48. A. ambitious B. chocolate C. position D. occurrence
49. A. furniture B. abandon C. practical D. scientist
50. A. devote B. compose C. purchase D. advise
51. A. remember B. influence C. expression D. convenient
52. A. medium B. computer C. formation D. connection
53. A. national B. cultural C. popular D. musician
54. A. successful B. humorous C. arrangement D. attractive
55. A. construction B. typical C. glorious D. purposeful
56. A. accident B. courageous C. dangerous D. character
57. A. accordance B. various C. balcony D. technical
58. A. telephone B. photograph C. accurate D. important
59. A. romantic B. illusion C. description D. incident
60. A. bankruptcy B. successive C. piano D. phonetics
61. A. designer B. origin C. history D. quality
62. A. capital B. construction C. announcement D. eventful
63. A. apartment B. tradition C. different D. expensive
64. A. monitor B. organize C. following D. inviting
65. A. accurate B. discussion C. sentiment D. industry
66. A. probable B. assembly C. forgetful D. decisive
67. A. damage B. faster C. regret D. study
68. A. factory B. reporter C. actress D. coverage
69. A. amazing B. following C. covering D. finishing
70. A. because B. become C. beneath D. beggar

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PRONUNCIATION
Exercise 1 : Pick out the word whose underlined and bold part is pronounced differently from of the
other words.
1. A. proofs B. books C. points D. days
2. A. helps B. laughs C. cooks D. finds
3. A. neighbors B. friends C. relatives D. photographs
4. A. snacks B. follows C. titles D. writers
5. A. streets B. phones C. books D. makes
6. A. cities B. satellites C. series D. workers
7. A. develops B. takes C. laughs D. volumes
8. A. phones B. streets C. books D. makes
9. A. proofs B. regions C. lifts D. rocks
10. A. involves B. believes C. suggests D. steals
11. A. remembers B. cooks C. walls D. pyramids
12. A. miles B. words C. accidents D. names
13. A. sports B. plays C. chores D. minds
14. A. nations B. speakers C. languages D. minds
15. A. proofs B. looks C. lends D. stops
16. A. dates B. bags C. photographs D. speaks
17. A. parents B. brothers C. weekends D. feelings
18. A. chores B. dishes C. houses D. coaches
19. A. works B. shops C. shifts D. plays
20. A. coughs B. sings C. stops D. sleeps
Exercise 2: Pick out the word whose underlined and bold part is pronounced differently from of the
other words.
1. A. failed B. reached C. absorbed D. solved
2. A. invited B. attended C. celebrated D. displayed
3. A. removed B. washed C. hoped D. missed
4. A. looked B. laughed C. moved D. stepped
5. A. wanted B. parked C. stopped D. watched
6. A. laughed B. passed C. suggested D. placed
7. A. believed B. prepared C. involved D. liked
8. A. lifted B. lasted C. happened D. decided
9. A. collected B. changed C. formed D. viewed
10. A. walked B. entertained C. reached D. looked
11. A. watched B. stopped C. pushed D. improved
12. A. admired B. looked C. missed D. hoped
13. A. proved B. changed C. pointed D. played
14. A. helped B. laughed C. cooked D. intended
15. A. smoked B. followed C. titled D. implied
16. A. coughed B. phoned C. booked D. stopped
17. A. talked B. looked C. naked D. worked
18. A. developed B. ignored C. laughed D. washed
19. A. phoned B. stated C. mended D. old-aged
20. A. clapped B. attracted C. lifted D. needed
Exercise 3: Pick out the word whose underlined and bold part is pronounced differently from of the
other words.
1. A) nurse B) films C) stops D) coughs
2. A) artificial B) distance C) centre D) cells
3. A) designer B) zoo C) Switzerland D) tables
4. A) although B) width C) thump D) thank
5. A) thought B) tough C) bought D) fought
6. A) raised B) talked C) watched D) laughed
7. A) homeless B) done C) become D) month
8. A) hidden B) minor C) written D) kitten
9. A) many B) lamb C) handle D) camera
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10. A) there B) appear C) wear D) prepare
11. A) occupy B) puppy C) ready D) study
12. A) accident B) success C) accurate D) accept
13. A) private B) irrigate C) guidance D) environment
14. A) instruction B) shrub C) eruption D) supply
15. A) necessarily B) mechanic C) exception D) apprentice
16. A) basic B) erosion C) loose D) recycle
17. A) worry B) infer C) dirtying D) fertilizer
18. A) mile B) militant C) smile D) kind
19. A) relaxed B) mounted C) collected D) needed
20. A) picked B) considered C) stayed D) received
21. A) women B) bench C) lend D) spend
22. A) food B) good C) look D) blood
23. A) property B) access C) possession D) American
24. A) much B) number C) cut D) put
25. A) particular B) park C) smart D) hard
26. A) Africa B) access C) ache D) man
27. A) cat B) certain C) cook D) Canadian
28. A) respect B) send C) set D) then
29. A) good B) book C) use D) sugar
30. A) brain B) lamb C) comb D) climb
31. A) forget B) open C) popular D) font
32. A) easy B) seat C) learn D) eat
33. A) prepare B) engine C) invention D) electricity
34. A) pleasant B) health C) breath D) breathe
35. A) child B) chill C) chemistry D) teacher
36. A) threaten B) breath C) health D) breathe
37. A) English B) Africa C) Chinese D) America
38. A) main B) certain C) complain D) explain
39. A) preserve B) sack C) reason D) poison
40. A) nightmare B) care C) Are D) share
41. A) heart B) earn C) heard D) learn
42. A) fear B) near C) clear D) pear
43. A) cost B) most C) hot D) lot
44. A) nation B) vase C) nature D) grade
45. A) enough B) account C) surround D) outdoor
46. A) phoned B) called C) cooked D) climbed
47. A) can B) cell C) call D) cold
48. A) enough B) courage C) encounter D) nourish
49. A) machine B) cheap C) teacher D) child
50. A) wants B) books C) stops D) sends
51. A) surface B) necklace C) face D) palace
52. A) chew B) news C) crew D) screw
53. A) chat B) sad C) state D) map
54. A) teach B) meet C) feather D) seat
55. A) cow B) low C) how D) round
56. A) case B) age C) carry D) vapour
57. A) oxygen B) slowly C) healthy D) supply
58. A) count B) amount C) mountain D) course
59. A) complete B) object C) defend D) prevent
60. A) rhinoceros B) habitat C) vehicle D) whale
61. A) involved B) decided C) explained D) swallowed

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LESSON 2:
SENTENCE’S STRUCTURE – PARTS OF SPEECH –
CLAUSES
Bài 2: Cấu trúc câu - Từ loại – Mệnh đề
I, Sentence’s structure – Cấu trúc câu
1, Main clauses – Mệnh đề chính
- Bao gồ m S + V (trừ mệnh đề mệnh lệnh) (độ ng từ có thể là độ ng từ thườ ng hoặ c to be)
2, Other clauses – Mệnh đề phụ
- Bao gồ m mệnh đề trạ ng ngữ , mệnh đề quan hệ * và mệnh đề danh ngữ (chương trình trung họ c phổ thô ng)
II, Từ loại và cách phân biệt
1. Cách nhận biết từ loại dựa vào tiền tố và hậu tố (đối với phần lớn từ cơ bản):
a. Cánh nhận biết danh từ: danh từ thườ ng có các hậu tố sau:
-TION/ -ATION prevention, invention, preservation, conservation, information
-MENT development, employment, disappointment, instrument
-ENCE/-ANCE existence, difference, importance
-NESS richness, happiness, business
-ER (chỉ người) teacher, speaker, worker, writer, singer
-OR (chỉ người) sailor, inventor, visitor, actor, editor
-IST (chỉ người) physicist, typist, biologist, chemist, guitarist
-AR/-ANT/-EE (chỉ người) beggar, assistant, employee, interviewee
-ING teaching, understanding, schooling, building
-AGE teenage, marriage, passage, package, drainage
-SHIP friendship, scholarship, championship
-ISM (chủ nghĩa) pessimism, optimism, criticism, idealism (chủ nghĩa duy tâm)
-(I)TY possibility, responsibility, reality, beauty, safety, variety
(verb)-AL refusal, arrival, survival
-TH width, warmth, strength, youth, truth, depth
b. Cánh nhận biết tính từ: tính từ thườ ng có cá c hậ u tố sau:
-FUL harmful, useful, successful, helpful, beautiful
-LESS (nghĩa phủ định) homeless, careless, treeless
(noun)-Y (có nhiều) rainy, snowy, sandy, windy
(noun)-LY (có vẻ, hàng ngày giờ.ngày..) manly, friendly, motherly, yearly, hourly, daily
-ISH foolish, selfish, childish
(noun)-AL (thuộc về) industrial, natural, agricultural, musical
-OUS poisonous, nervous, dangerous, famous
-IVE active, expensive, attractive, progressive
-IC artistic, electric, economic
-ABLE countable, fashionable, comfortable, acceptable
c. Cánh nhận biết động từ: độ ng từ thườ ng có tiền tố hoặ c hậu tố sau:
Tiền tố EN- endanger, enlarge, enrich (làm già u), encourage (độ ng viên)
-FY classify, modify, satisfy
-IZE, -ISE socialize, modernize, industrialize
-EN widen, frighten, brighten, sharpen
-ATE considerate, translate, nominate
d. Cánh nhận biết trạng từ: trạ ng từ thườ ng có hậ u tố -LY. Ex: beautifully, carefully, suddenly, carelessly,
recently ...
Lưu ý: Mộ t số trạ ng từ đặ c biệt cầ n ghi nhớ :
- good (a) well (adv): giỏ i, tố t
- late (a) late (adv) lately (adv): trễ, chậm
- ill (a) ill (adv): xấ u, tồ i, kém
- fast (a) fast (adv): nhanh
- hard (a) hard (adv): tích cự c, vấ t vả , chă m chỉ hardly (adv): hầu như không
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2. Chức năng của một số từ loại (dựa vào vị trí để xác định loại từ):
Các thà nh phầ n câ u chính: Adj – N và V – Adv (vớ i vị trí tương ứ ng)
+ Bổ sung cho N là Adj đứ ng trướ c N
+ Bổ sung cho V và Adj là Adv (V + Adv và Adv + Adj)
+ Ngoà i ra chú ý tình huố ng vớ i prep (giớ i từ ): N + prep + N (trướ c sau prep đều là N) (trừ trườ ng hợ p V
+ prep hoặ c Adj + prep)
Eg: The color of a star depends on the heat of the energy it produces
a. Danh từ (Noun)
Vị trí của danh từ Ví dụ
Sau tính từ (adj + N) They are interesting books.
Sau từ hạn định gồm:
- mạ o từ : a /an / the He is a student.
- từ chỉ định: this, that, these, those, every, each, … These flowers are beautiful.
- từ chỉ số lượ ng: many, some, few, little, several, ... She needs some water.
- tính từ sở hữ u: my, his, her, your, our, their, its, …
Sau ngoại động từ (V cầ n O) She buys books.
She meets a lot of people.
Sau giới từ (prep. + N) He talked about the story yesterday.
He is interested in music.
Trước V chia thì (N làm chủ từ ) The main has just arrived.
Sau enough (enough + N) I don’t have enough money to buy that house.

b. Tính từ (Adj)
Trước N (Adj + N) This is an interesting books.
Sau TO BE I am tired.
Sau: become, get, look, feel, taste, smell, seem … It becomes hot.
She feels sad.
Sau trạng từ (adv + adj) It is extremely cold.
I’m terribly sorry.
She is very beautiful.
Sau keep / make The news made me happy.
Sau too ( be + too + adj) That house is too small.
Trước enough (be + adj + enough) The house isn’t large enough.
Trong cấu trúc: be + so + adj + that She was so angry that she can’t speak.
A, an, the, this, that, his, her, their, my, … + (Adj) + My new car is blue.
Noun
Trong câu cảm thán:
- How + adj + S + V How beautiful the girl is!
- Wht + (a / an) + adj + N What an interesting film!

c. Trạng từ (Adv)
Sau V thường He drove carefully.
Trước Adj I meet an extremely handsome man.
Giữa cụm V She has already finished the job.
Đầu câu hoặ c trước dấu phẩ y Unfortunately, I couldn’t come the party.
Sau too V + too + adv They walked too slowly to catch the bus.
Trong cấu trúc V + so + adv + that Jack drove so fast that he caused an accident.
Trước enough V + adv + enough You should write clearly enough for every body to read.

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 PRACTICE
1. If you need an extra bed for your guest, you can use one of __________.
A. our B. us C. ours D. we
2. Maryam was really ________ by the beauty of Ha Noi.
A. impressed B. impress C. impression D. impressive
3. Vietnamese people are very ________ .
A. friend B. friendless C. friendly D. friendship
4. That teacher is a (n) __________ one. His pupils like his sense of humor.
A. amusing B. amused C. amusement D. self- amused
5. The children are playing ____in the schoolyard.
A. happy B. happiness C. happier D. happily
6. I saw a lot of stamps on your table. Are you a stamp _____?
A. collecting B. collector C. collect D. collection
7. I want everybody to listen ______.
A. care B. careful C. careless D. carefully
8. Maria’s English is excellent. She speaks English ____.
A. very perfect B. perfective C. perfectively D. perfectly
9. He ______to find a job but he had no luck.
A. hardly tried B. tried hardly C. hard tried D. tried hard
10. She sings very______. She is one of the best singers in our school.
A. beauty B. beautiful C. beautify D. beautifully
11. Be________! He is looking at you.
A. care B. careful C. carefully D. carelessly
12. Be________! He is looking at you.
A. care B. careful C. carefully D. carelessly
13. Ha Noi is a ________ city.
A. beauty B. beautiful C. beautifully D. friendly
14. Mrs. White is very________She goes to the Church everyday.
A. religion B. regioner C. religious D. region
15. My uncle was a _______He had a large collection of musical.
A. music B. musical C. musician D. instrument
16. New opportunities will emerge as the _____ climate improves.
A. economics B. economic C. economical D. economy
17. Mom always _____ us to discuss our problems.
A. encourage B. encouragement C. encouraging D. encouraged
18. He's a choreographer who has drawn _____ from Javanese dance.
A. inspired B. inspires C. inspiration D. inspiring
19. The dragon _____ the enemies of the Church.
A. symbolizes B. symbols C. symbolic D. symbolism
20. The problem is not _____ to British students.
A. unique B. uniqueness C. uniquely D. unitary
21. It's a _____ Italian restaurant. There are a lot of delicious food at that restaurant.
A. fashion B. fashionable C. fashions D. fashionably
22. She presented her ideas clearly and _____.
A. logically B. logic C. logical D. logics
23. Nguyen Du is a famous Vietnamese ______ .
A. poem B. poetry C. poetic D. poet
24. My uncle was a __________ He had a large collection of musical instrument.
A. music B. musical C. musically D. musician
25. Jean cloth was__________ made from cotton .
A. complete B. completely C. completed D. completing
26. It’s _______to call anyone at night .
A. convenience B. inconvenience C. inconvenient D. convenient
27. The Ao dai is the ______ Dress of Vietnamese women .
A. beautiful B. traditional C. casual D. traditional
28. __________, Aodai was frequently worn by both men and women
A. Tradition B. Tradional C. in traditional D. traditionally
29. He finds his new shirt very ___________ . It will be his favourite one.
A. comfortable B. comfortably C. uncomfortable D. uncomfortably
30. Many designers have taken__________ from VietNam ethnic minorities

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 A. inspire B. inspiration C. inspired D. inspirational
31. Ha Noi is a busy __________city
A. modern B. modernize C. moderned D. moderning
32. She was really impressed by the ________of the city and by the ________of its people
A. beautiful/ friendly B. beauty/friend C. beauty / friendly D. beauty/ friendliness
33. He drives very _____ and has got two accidents this year.
A. careless B. carefully C. carelessly D. careful
33. She was having a rest when the volcano _______ .
A. erupted B. flew C. flowed D. broke
34. Two hundred people died in that volcano ______.
A. corruption B. eruption C. destruction D. reduction
35. Tidal waves are the result of an _______ shift in the underwater movement of the Earth .
A. amazing B. alternative C. abrupt D. unpleasant
36.________are funnel-shaped storms passing overland below a thunderstorm.
A. Earthquakes B. Tropical storms C. Hurricanes D. Tornadoes
37. In 1995 , a huge earthquake struck Kobe city in Japan and caused severe _______
A. damage B. destruction C. shift D. collapse
38. The earthquake _______ the city at 2 this morning
A. occurred B. hit C. swept D. measured
39. Thousands of people were saved because scientists had__them about the volcanic eruption.
A. said B. spoke C. warned D. talked
40. A tropical storm which reaches 120 kilometers an hour is called a _______ in North and South America.
A. typhoon B. cyclone C. hurricane D. tornado
41. Ninety percent of earthquakes occur _______ the Pacific Rim.
A. around B. at C. in D. about
42. The roof ________ under the weight of snow last night.
A. collapsed B. fell C. dropped D. flew
43. A tornado looks like a big, dark _______ coming from the bottom of a storm cloud.
A. funnel B. bowl C. mushroom D. cloud
44. Early warnings about tornadoes could save many __________.
A.lives B. life C. living D. things
45. Yesterday a typhoon _________ a coastal city in the country.
A. hit B. strike C.collapsed D. predicted
46. People can know when a volcano will ________ nowadays, can't they ?
A. break B. warn C. erupt D. seek
47. A tropical storm is called a hurricane in North and South America when it _____ 120 kilometers per hour.
A. reaches B. goes C. gets D. comes
48. A ____ is a very large wave.
A. tidal wave B. tsunami C. tornado D. a and b are correct.
49. A / An __________ is a sudden strong shaking of the ground.
A. snowstorm B. tidal wave C. earthquake D. volcano.
50. A _______ is a tropical storm with strong winds.
A. typhoon B. tornado C. volcano D. tsunami
51. It was an…………day.
A. enjoying B. enjoyed C. enjoyment D. enjoyable
52. There is no ______that he has been here.
A. evidence B. evidential C. evidentially D. evident
53. The disease was thought to have______in Africa.
A. appeared B. disappearing C. disappeared D. appearing
54. The man ______without trace.
A. disappeared B. disappearing C. appeared D. appearing
55. UFOs mean ______ flying objects.
A. unidentified B. unknown C. unable D. unknown
56. Some scientists say that flying saucers might be people's______
A. imagination B. imagine C. imaginative D. imaginary
57. Imagine someday you would live without ______
A. electricity B. electric C. electrician D. electrical
58. You must get a letter from the doctor that shows you are in perfect ________.
A. health B. healthy C. healthful D. healthily

10
 LESSON 3:
VERB TENSE AND VERB FORM and clauses
PART A: VERB TENSE
Hình Thức Cơ Bản Của Động Từ Trong Tiếng Anh
Khẳng định hình thức Phủ Nghi vấn
will V0 thêm not Will + S + V0 ?
V1/s/es do not V0 Do + S + V0 ?

S
V2/ed did not V0 Did + S + V0 ?
have V3/ed thêm not Have + S + V3/ed ?
has V3/ed thêm not Has + S + V3/ed ?
is/are/am V_ing thêm not Is/.. + S + V_ing ?
was/were thêm not Was + S + V_ing ?
Phủ định thêm not ,riêng V1/s/es/2/ed thì mượn don’t/doesn’t/didn’t
THÌ CÁCH SỬ DỤNG Trạng Từ (TỪ CHÌA KHÓA)
Will Vo Hành động sẽ xảy ra trong tương lai. Someday, tomorrow, next + time, soon…
-Often, usually,always, constantly, sometimes,
1- Chân lý, sự thự c hiển nhiên.
occasionally, seldom, rarely, hardly,
2- Thó i quen, mộ t hà nh độ ng xảy ra thườ ng xuyên ở
V1/s/es -every + time ( every day/ week/ month…)
hiện tạ i
-Once a week, twice a month, 3 times a
3- Việc diễn ra theo quy luật tự nhiên.
week..1,2,3
- Last + (time); - (time) + ago
Hà nh độ ng đã xảy ra và kết thú c trong quá khứ ,
V2/ed - Yesterday ; In 1999…
khô ng liên quan gì đến hiện tại.
- When I was a boy/ a child/ 5 years
* just ,recently ,lately gầ n đâ y *before
1- Vừ a mớ i xảy ra.
* ever đã .. từ ng * never chưa ..
2- Lặp đi lặp lạ i nhiều lầ n trong quá khứ .( 1 haønh
từ ng
ñ oä ng dieã n ra nhieà u laà n keå tö ø quaù khö ù
* already đã …xong * yet chưa …xong
ñ eá n hieä n taïi several times , two times , three
Have/ * since ….2002 từ nă m … *for two weeks …
times , some times …)
has khoả ng …* several times và i lầ n* so far =
3- Bắt đầu trong quá khứ mà cò n kéo dài đến hiện
V3/ed until now = up to now = up to the present
tạ i, có khả năng tiếp diễn đến tương lai.(since,for)
- It’s the first/ second time + HTHT
4- Đã xảy ra nhưng khô ng rõ thờ i gian.
- so sánh nhấ t + HTHT
5- Đã xảy ra và kết thú c trong q/khứ nhưng kết quả
( for + khoảng thờ i gian; since + tg xác định/mố c
cò n lưu lạ i ở h/tại.
tg)
1- Hành độ ng đang diễn ra (và kéo dà i ) tạ i mộ t thờ i
Now, right now, at present, at the moment
điểm ở hiện tại. Hoặc 2 haønh ñ oä ng xaû y ra
while , when , as – khi , trong khi
ñ oà ng thô øi ô û hieä n taïi ( while )
Is/are/ khô ng dù ng thì này vớ i các V chỉ trạ ng thá i,
2- Hành độ ng sắp xảy ra ở tương lai gần (t/gian đặt
am Ving nhận thứ c, tri giác như : be, see, hear,
rõ ra)
understand, know, like, want, feel, think, smell,
3/ sau câu mệnh lệnh, sau câu hỏi
love, hate, remember, realize, seem…,
- At + mố c thờ i gian xác định trong quá khứ
1- Hành độ ng đang xả y ra tại 1 thờ i điểm xác định Vd: At this time last week, at this time
Was/ trong q/khứ . yesterdday,
were 2- Hành độ ng đã xảy ra và kéo dà i mộ t thờ i gian ở At eight o’clock last night/ yesterday
Ving quá khứ (có ý kêu ca, phà n nà n) - Khi có while , when thì hà nh độ ng nà o dà i
hơn, sớ m hơn ta dù ng QKTD , cò n lạ i ta
dù ng QKĐ
Will be Hà nh độ ng sẽ đang xả y ra tạ i mộ t thờ i điểm xác định - At + mố c thờ i gian xác định ở tương lai.
Ving trong tương lai. + At 7:00 am tomorrow

11
PART B: CÁ C LOẠ I MỆ NH ĐỀ
1/ Mệnh đề Trạng Ngữ chỉ thời gian được bắt đầu bằng when,by the time, before,till, until, after,
as soon as), since, while…
Các trường hợp có cấu trúc cố định
1- S + had + V3/ed before S + V2/ed
2- S + had + V3/ed by the time S + V2/ed
3- S + had (already/just)+ V3/ed when S + V2/ed
4- S + V2/ed after S + had + V3/ed
5- S + V2/ed as soon as S + had + V3/ed
6 - S + have/has V3/ed + O since S + V2/ed .
Cần chú ý các trường hợp không thuộc cấu trúc trên thì phải xét
Sự hoà hợp về thời gian Các trường hợp đặc biệt
- Hiện tại  Hiện tại - không chia tương lai trong MĐ trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian (sau
- Hiện tạ i  tương lai when,by the time, before,till, until, after, as soon as …..)
- Quá khứ  Quá khứ - khô ng chia tiếp diễn trong MĐ có before, after
- Khi mệnh đề chính ở tương lai/tương lai tiếp diễn thì ta chọ n
V1/s/es
- có while thườ ng có tiếp diễn ngay sau nó
- Khi mệnh đề chính ở tương lai/tương lai tiếp diễn thì ta chọn V1/s/es
ex: Tomorrow I will give her this book when I meet her.
Tomorrow when you arrive at the airport, I will be standing at the gate.(bạ n đến lú c đó tô i đang
đợ i)
By the time you come ,I will have gone out .
- Hà nh độ ng đang xả y ra dù ng Qú a khứ tiếp diễn  - Hà nh độ ng cắ t ngang dù ng Qú a khứ đơn 
Cách nhận dạng ra loại này: Phả i dịch nghĩa củ a câ u,cá c độ ng từ cắ t ngang thườ ng là :come,
meet, see, start, begin…..
I was playing soccer when it began to rain.(mưa cắ t ngang hà nh độ ng chơi bó ng)
While I was eating, my mother was cooking. 
- Cả hai hà nh độ ng đều chia Qú a khứ đơn
+ Dịch nghĩa thấ y 2 hà nh độ ng xả y ra liên tụ c nhau
ex: When he came home, he opened the door 
+ Khi mệnh đề when có cá c chữ sau: lived, was, were 
ex: When Mr cucku lived in HCM city, he studied at TBT school.
When he was a child, he had a habit of getting up late.
- Hà nh độ ng xả y ra trướ c dù ng Qú a khứ hoà n thà nh, hà nh độ ng sau dù ng Qú a khứ đơn
Cá c dấ u hiệu thườ ng gặ p là  :just, already, for + khoả ng thờ i gian 
ex: When I came, he had already gone out (khi tô i đến anh ta đã  đi rồ i )
When I came, he had gone out for two hours (khi tô i đến anh ta đã đi đự ơc hai tiếng rồ i )
- Cũ ng có thể dịch qua nghĩa 
ex: I didn’t meet Tom because when I came, he had gone out .(dấ u hiệu là do tô i khô ng gặ p -> đã đi
rồ i)
Tomorrow I ( wait) for you here when you come. ( cắ t nhau ở tương lai => dù ng tương lai tiếp diễn :
will be waiting )
Yesterday I (eat )  lunch when he came. ( cắ t nhau ở quá khứ => dù ng quá khứ tiếp diễn : was eating )
1/ He was talking on the phone when I arrived.
2/ When she called, he had already eaten lunch.
3/ We will finish before he arrives.
4/ We will finish after he comes.
5/ She began cooking while I was finishing my homework.
6/ We will have finished our homework by the time they arrive.
7/ I'll wait till you finish.
8/ As soon as I hear from Tom, I will give you a telephone call.
9/ He will let us know as soon as he decides
10/ After Mariana _______ her exam, I will take her out to eat.
2/ CLAUSES OF CONDITION ( MỆNH ĐỀ ĐIỀU KIỆN – CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN )
12
 TYPE ( Loaïi ) IF CLAUSE (mđ phụ if ) MAIN CLAUSE (mđ chính)
I / Future Possible Simple Present will
(có thậ t ở tương lai) ( hiện tạ i đơn ) can + Vo
shall
may
II / Present Unreal Past Subjunctive would
( khô ng có thậ t ở hiện tạ i ) ( quá khứ giả định ) could + Vo
should
V2 / ed might
were đượ c sử dụ ng cho mọ i ngô i
IF CLAUSE ….. UNLESS
 cả 2 mệnh đề chỉ có 1 not thì bỏ if và not. Cả 2 MĐ đều có not thì bỏ not trong mđ if.
 Cả 2 mđ đều khô ng có not thì ta thêm và o mđ chính
ex : + If you don’t study hard , you will fail the exam .
 Unless you study hard , you will fail the exam .
+ If I have time , I will help you .
 Unless I have time , I will not help you .
+ If we had more rain , our crops would grow faster .
 Unless we had more rain ,our crops would not grow faster.
3 / CLAUSE AFTER Wish , If Only ( MỆNH ĐỀ SAU WISH và IF ONLY ) – Câu mong ước
I / Future wish ( ước ở Tương lai ) + I wish I would be an astronaut in the future .
S + WISH + S + would / could + Vo (hoặ c If only I would be an astronaut in the
V2 / ed ; were future . )
+ Tom wishes he were coming with us .
II / Present wish ( ước ở Hiện tại ) + I wish I were not poor . ( I am poor now . )
+ I wish I could swim . ( I can’t swim . )
S + WISH + S + would / could + Vo + We wish we didn’t have to go to class
V2 / ed ; were today .
( We have to go to class today . )
+ I wish Ben were here . ( Ben is not here . )
Hoaëc If only Ben were here .
* Note : + Ta có thể sử dụng IF ONLY thay cho S + wish ( IF ONLY = S + wish )
+ khi có CAN / WILL thì sẽ dù ng COULD , WOULD trong câ u ướ c.
Nếu khô ng có CAN / WILL thì sẽ dù ng V2 / Ed ; Were
4 / PHRASES AND CLAUSES OF PURPOSE ( Cụ m từ và mệnh đề chỉ mụ c đích )
I / Phrases of purpose : cụ m từ - In Order To / So As To / To Infinitive để mà …
Dạng khẳng in order to phủ :thêm not in order not to + V o
S + V + so as to + Vo S + V + so as not to + V o
to (không dùng not to )
EX : + I try to study in order to pass my exam . + He studied hard so as not to fail in the exam .
+ I try to study to pass my exam . + He studied hard in order not to fail in the exam .
II / clauses of purpose : mệnh đề chỉ mụ c đích - so that / in order that ( chú ý sự hoà hợp thời gian)
in order that will / would
S + V ; V2 / ed + so that + S + can / could ( not ) + Vo
may / might
EX : + I try to study so that I can pass the exam .
+ He studied hard in order that he could not fail the exam .

5 / PHRASES AND CLAUSES OF RESULT Từ cụm từ chỉ kết quả

I / Phrases of Result : Cụ m từ chỉ kết quả Too …… to - quá …. để Và Enough …. - đủ….để
1/ S + be + too + ADJ + ( for + O ) + to – infinitive
V ADV
EX : + He is too short to play basketball . + This table is too heavy for me to lift it .
+ This book is too interesting for me to read .
+ Tom ran too slowly to become the winner of the race .
* Note : “ TOO ….. TO “ thườ ng đượ c dù ng trong câ u có nghĩa phủ định ( quá ……………….. khô ng thể )
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 khô ng dù ng “ too …not to Vo”
2/ S + be + ADJ + enough + ( for + O ) + to – infinitive
S + Vthg + ADV
EX : + Mary isn’t old enough to drive a car . + She speaks Spanish well enough to be an interpreter .
+ It is cold enough to wear a heavy jacket . + This table is light enough for her to lift it .
3 / Ta cò n có cấ u trú c S + be + enough + Noun + to – infinitive
Ex : I don’t have enough money to buy this bicycle .
II / Clauses of Result : Mệnh đề chỉ kết quả dù ng SO ……THAT / SUCH……THAT( quá… đến nỗi mà)
1/ S + be / V thì + SO + ADJ / ADV + THAT + S + V .
2/ S + be / V thì + SO + ADJ + a/an + NOUN + THAT + S + V .
Ex : + It was so dark that I couldn’t see anything .
+ The soup tastes so good that we will ask for more .
3/ S + be / V thö ô øng + SUCH + a/an + ADJ + NOUN + THAT + S + V .
hoặc ADJ + NOUN +
Ex : + There was such beautiful pictures that I want to buy . + It is such an intelligent boy that we all adm
him.
** too ….to có nghĩa phủ định , enough to có nghĩa khẳ ng định
Ex: 1/ She is week. She can’t move the table.  She is too week to move the table.
2/ He is tall. He can reach the switch.  He is tall enough to reach the switch.
3/ He is so short that he can’t play basketball.  He is too short to play baseket ball
( ta có thể dù ng enough và dù ng dạ ng phủ định + tính từ trá i nghĩa He isn’t tall enough to play baseket ball.
)
4/ It was so dark that I couldn’t see anything . It was too dark for me to see anything.
 It wasn’t bright enough for me.
E / PHRASES AND CLAUSES OF REASON (Cụm từ và mệnh đề chỉ lý do)
+ S1 + V + O + BECAUSE + S2 + V + O .
 S1 + V + O + BECAUSE OF Noun / N Phrase / V-ing Phrase .
Ex : + He was absent because he was ill .
 He was absent because of his illness . Or  He was absent because of being ill.
+ We can go out because it rains .
 We can go out because of the rain .
+ She walked slowly because her leg was injured .
 She walked slowly because of her injured leg .
+ She went to bed early because she felt tired .
 She went to bed early because of feeling tired .
F / PHRASES AND CLAUSES OF CONCESSION ( Cụm từ và mệnh đề chỉ nhượng bộ) dù ng để nố i câ u
1 / Phrases of concession : In Spite Of / Despite + N / N phrase / V-ing mặ c dù , cho dù
2 / Clause of concession : although / though / even though + S + V , S + V + O .
Ex : + He is very rich . He is not happy .
 Although he is very rich, he is not happy.
 Despite being very rich, he is not happy.
+ She tried . She was not successful .
 Though she tried , she was not successful . / In spite of trying , she was not successful.
Các biến đổi câu giống như câu dùng “because và because of”
G / RELATIVE CLAUSES ( Mệnh đề quan hệ )
* Meä nh ñ eà quan heä ñ ö ô ïc baét ñ aà u baèng caù c Ñ aïi Tö ø Quan heä WHO , WHOM , WHICH ,THAT ,
WHOSE hoặ c caù c Traïng Tö ø Quan Heä WHEN , WHERE , WHY . Noù ñ ö ô ïc duøng ñ eå boå nghó a cho danh
tö ø ñ ö ù ng trö ô ù c noù
Ex : a / The man is Mr. Pike . He is standing over there .
 The man who is standing over there is Mr. Pike.
b / The women is my aunt . You saw her yesterday .
 The women whom you saw yesterday is my aunt.
c / That is the book . I like it best .
 That is the book that I like best .
d / I’ll never forget the day . I met her on that day .
14
 I’ll never forget the day when I met her .
e / That is the house . We are living in this house now .
 That is the house where we are living now .
f / I don’t know the reason . She left school for it .
CÁCH GIẢI BÀI TẬP DÙNG ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ WHO ,WHICH...
DẠNG 1 : NỐI 2 CÂU
Bước 1 : xác định MQHệ và thay thế bằng các Đại Từ Quan hệ (who/whom/whose/which)
Câu đầu chọn N sau Câu sau thường là
a/ an/ the S O TTSH + N hoặ c N giố ng N
TTSH phía trướ c
Nngườ i
This/that/these/those who whom whose + N
Từ chỉ số lg Nếu N là vậ t thì dù ng which
hoặ c là Nriêng
Ex: The man is my father. You met him yesterday.
-> The man is my father. You met whom yesterday. (bỏ him vì đượ c thay bằ ng whom)
Bước 2: đem who/whom/whose/which lên đầu câu của nó. Đem toàn bộ câu có Đại từ quan hệ
đặt ngay sau nó N có qhệ nếu N đó đứng đầu câu.
-> The man is my father. whom you met yesterday.
->  The man whom you met yesterday is my father.
DẠNG 2 : ĐIỀN VÀO CHỔ TRỐNG/TRẮC NGHIỆM
N trước khoảng trống khoảng thành phần sau khoảng trống
trống

-a/an/the who V + O …..

-ttsh whom S + V + O . ….
N ngườ i
-this/that/these/ whose N + V + O….
those N+S+V+O…
-từ chỉ số lượ ng Nvật which
The first/second/third/fourth/ …
that
last/all/only/any/every/most/ est
Ex1 : This is the man I told you yesterday .
Mary is the girl helped me a lot in my job .
That is my bicycle I bought last year .
She is the woman son got accident last night .
Trạng từ liên hệ
the reason, cause why =for which
time/day/week/month/year when
=(in/on/at which)
place where
Ex1 Can you tell me the day   you’ll leave here ?
Ha Noi is the city I was born.
Twelve is the time I leave for Cantho.
Who can tell me the cause The fire happened ?
I live in HCM city was built 300 years ago.
Lưu ý : 
1/ không dùng WHEN , WHERE , WHY khi
- trướ c khoả ng trố ng là giớ i từ The house in __which__ I live is nice 
- sau khoả ng trố ng là độ ng từ Do you know the city _______ is near here ?
- phía sau độ ng từ ngườ i ta có  chừ a The house ________ I live in is nice .
lạ i giớ i từ  in/ on/ at/ for

15
2/ Bắt buộc dùng THAT
- Khi N mà nó thay thế gồ m 2 danh từ trở lên trong đó vừ a có ngừ ơi vừ a có vậ t 
- N sau the first/second/third/fourth/last/the most/the est/only/all/any/every…
3/ dùng dấu phẩy Khi danh từ đứng trước who ,which,whom... là :
Ha Noi, which ....
+ Danh từ riêng ,tên riêng
Mary, who is ...
+ Có this ,that ,these ,those đứng trước danh This book, which ....
từ :
+ Có sở hửu đứng trước danh từ : My mother, who is ....
Sun ( mặ t trờ i ), moon ( mặ t tră ng )
+ Là vật duy nhất ai cũng biết : 
The Sun, which ...
4/ Đặt dấu phẩy ở đâu ?
- Nếu mệnh đề quan hệ ở giữ a thì dù ng 2 dấ u phẩ y đặ t ở  đầ u và cuố i mệnh đề 
My mother , who is a cook , cooks very well 
- Nếu mệnh đề quan hệ ở cuố i thì dù ng mộ t dấ u phẩ y đặ t ở đầ u mệnh đề ,cuố i mệnh đề dù ng dấ u
chấ m .
This is my mother, who is a cook .

H/ REPORTED SPEECH (câu gián tiếp)

*** Các bước biến đổi từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp
* Khi động từ giới thiệu (ngoài ngoặc kép) ở hiện tại chỉ đổi theo B1,B2
* Khi động từ giới thiệu (ngoài ngoặc kép) ở thì quá khứ thì đổi theo B1, B2, B3
- B1: Đổ i cá c đạ i từ “ S , O “ sao cho phù hợ p vớ i ngườ i nó i (S) và ngườ i nghe (O) ngoà i “ “
+ I me my  Đổ i theo ngườ i nó i-S
+ We us our  đổ i theo ngườ i nó i khi chủ từ số nhiều
+ You your  Đổ i theo ngườ i nghe -O
+ Ngô i thứ 3 số ít, nhiều khô ng thay đổ i
- B2: Đổ i cá c trạ ng từ chỉ thờ i gian và địa điểm
+ now  then + ago  before
+ here  there + this  that
+ these  those + today  that day
+ yesterday  the day before hoặ c the previous day
( last week/month/year  the week/month/year before ….)
+ tomorrow  the day after hoặ c the following day
( next week  the next week ….)
- B3: Lùi thì củ a Độ ng từ
+ Hiện tạ i  Quá khứ
will/shall/can/may/must=> would/should/could/might/had to
**Các đổi khi động từ giới thiệu là …
a / say / says to + O  tell / tells + O
Ex : + The farmer says , “ I hope it will rain tomorrow .”
 The farmer says that he hopes it will rain tomorrow .
tương tự QK là said  told
+ Tom said to me ,” We will wait until tomorrow “.
 Tom told me they would wait until the following day .
b , c / said / asked / warned ( O )
 S + said / asked / warned / advised ( O ) + To Vo
 S + said / asked / warned / advised ( O ) + Not To Vo
Ex : + “ Shut the door , Tom “ said she .  She asked Tom to shut the door .
+ “ Don’t hurry “ I said .  I told her not to hurry .
d/ S + said / asked / wonder , “ Be + S + O ? “ .
 S + asked / wonder + O + if / whether + S + be + O .
Or “AUX + S + V + O ? “ ,S + said / asked / wonder .
 S + asked / wonder + O + if / whether + S + V + O .
Ex : + “ Have you reserved the seat ? “ I asked .
16
  I asked ( her / him ) if he / she had reserved the seat .
+ She asked me , “ Are you enjoying yourself ? “
 She wondered whether I was enjoying myself .
+ “ Do puppies travel free ? “ asked the passenger .
 The passenger wanted to know if puppies traveled free .
e / S + + said / asked , “ Wh- Be + S + O ? “ .
 S + wanted to know / asked Wh- + S + Be + O .
Or “Wh- AUX + S + V + O ? “ , + said / asked + S .
 S + wanted to know / asked Wh- + S + V + O .
Ex : + I said ,” Why are you so sad ? “  I wanted to know why he / she is so sad .
+ “ Where is Mary ? “ , John asked .  John asked me where Mary was .
PART C: The Infinitive / The Gerund ( Nguyên mẫu và Danh động từ)
1/ Verbs followed by the Infinitive ( V + V-to )
would like, have, hope, want, wish, expect, ask, continue, plan, be going, be able, be willing
ex: - We hope to see you soon.
2/ Verbs With Object Followed By The Infinitive
( độ ng từ có tâ n ngữ đượ c theo sau bở i V-to )
have, ask, tell, teach, warn, remind, request, encourage, show how
ex: - She encouraged me to try again.
3/ Verbs followed by the Gerund ( V + V-ing )
- like, love, enjoy, dislike, avoid, detest, delay, postpone, finish, keep, practice, suggest, spend . . .
- can’t stand/ can’t bear/ can’t help
- It’s no use / It’s no good
- V + pre. + V-ing hoặ c Be + ADJ + pre + V-ing
give up, care for,
be afraid of be sorry for be ashamed of
be interested in be accustomed to be familiar to
be good at be fond of be proud of
be tired of be bored of/ fed up be looking forward to
ex: - We can’t help laughing . - He enjoys doing nothing . be surprised at
- Adj + V-to Riêng : be busy / be worth + V-ing
4/ Verbs Followed By Either The Infinitive Or The Gerund
( cá c độ ng từ đượ c theo sau bở i V-ing hoặ c V-to )
remember, forget, stop, quit, try
- Dù ng V-to khi diễn đạ t sự việc chưa hoà n thà nh, 1 sự việc sẽ diễn ra
- Dù ng V-ing khi diễn đạ t sự việc đã xả y ra hoặ c tạ m dừ ng
ex: - I forgot to see her yesterday . - I forgot seeing her yesterday .
5/ Verbs Followed By Gerund Or The Infinitive ( cá c độ ng từ đượ c theo sau bở i V-ing hoặ c V-to )
allow, permit, advise, recommend
có tâ n ngữ theo sau hoặ c có be phía trướ c thì dù ng to V . Ngượ c lạ i dù ng Ving
ex: - I permit you to go out. - People are not allowed to smoke here.
- I permit going out.

17
THE ACTIVE & PASSIVE VOICE
A. Form:
S + be + V3, ed (place + by O + time)
Ex: The book was written by Mark Twain
B. How to change into the passive voice:
Active: S V O

Passive: S BE + V3, ed by + O

TENSES ACTIVE PASSIVE

1. Simple present S + Vo/ s/ es S + am/ is/ are + V3/ ed
2. Simple past S + V2/ ed S + was/ were + V3/ ed
3. Simple future S + will/ can + Vo S + will/ can + be + V3/ ed
4. Present continuous S + am/ is/ are + V-ing S + am/ is/ are + being + V3/ ed
5. Past continuous S + was/ were + V-ing S + was/ were + being + V3/ ed
6. Present perfect S + has/ have + V3/ ed S + has/ have + been + V3/ ed
7. Past perfect S + had + V3/ ed S + had + been + V3/ ed
Ex:
1. John delivers the newspapers every morning.
 The newspapers are delivered by John every morning
2. My mother wrote that letter.
 That letter was written by my mother.
3. They will build a new school here next month.
 A new school will be built here next month.
4. He is asking me a lot of questions.
 I am being asked a lot of questions.
5. She was doing her homework at that time.
 Her homework was being done at that time.
6. My mother has made that cake.
 That cake has been made by my mother.
7. They had prepared a party before we came.
 A party had been prepared before we came.
@ Notes:
Causative forms: have, get: cấ u trú c nhờ vả (nhờ ai là m gì)

VERBS KINDS FORMS

Active S + have +O (person) + Vo
Have
Passive S + have +O (thing) + V3/ed
Active S + get +O (person) + to V
Get
Passive S + get +O (thing) + V3/ed
Ex:
1. I had him repair my bicycle yesterday.
I had my bicycle repaired yesterday.
2. I get her to make some coffee.
I get some coffee made.

18
 PRACTICE – VERBS – NO. 1
Part 1: Verb tenses
A. The present simple tense
I. Use the correct form of verbs in brackets.
1. Ba ( be ) ………………………. my friend. He (live) ………………………. in Ha Noi with his mother, father and elder
sister. His parents (be) ………………………. teachers. Ba (go) ………………………. to Quang Trung school.
2. Nam (like) ……………. sports. He (swim) ……………., he (play) ……………… soccer and he (play)………..badminton.
3. We (go)……….to school everyday.
4. She (not drink) ………………………. coffee. She (drink) ………………………. cocacola.
5. It (be)……….often hot in the summer.
6. What ……… you ………(do) every morning ?
7. The earth (circle)……….. the sun once every 365 days.
8. The sun (rise)………..in the east and (set )…………in the west.
9. Most rivers (flow)………. into the sea
10. Vegetarians (not eat)………………meat.
11. Bees (make)……………..honey.
12. Rice(not grow)………….. in cold climates.
13. Where………..Martin……….(come)from?
II. Complete the sentences using the present simple tense of the verbs.
1………………………….(the film/begin) at 3.30 or 4.30 ?
2.The art exhibition………………………. (open) on May 3rd and (end) ………………………. on July 15th
3.The train (leave) ………………………. Plymouth at 11.30 and (arrive) ……………………….. in London at 14.45.
4.We (start) ………………………. our work on Monday and (finish) ………………………. on Thursday.
5.I’m bored with this T.V program. When ……………………….. (it/finish) ?
6.What time………………………………… (your train/leave) tomorrow ? - Seven o’clock in the morning.
7. Next Friday…………. (be) thirteenth.
8. Where ……………………. (they/collect) garbage ? At Dong Xuan market.
B. The present continuous tense
I. Complete these sentences using the present continuous.
1. Your mother/ cook the meal ………………………………………………
2. He/ swim ………………………………………………
3. Thu and Lan/ play badminton. ……………………………………………....
4. they/ play soccer ………………………………………………
5. The children/play volleyball ? ……………………………………………....
6.The boy/ read a book ………………………………………………
7.Quang/ write a letter. ……………………………………………....
8.Linh/ skip rope ……………………………………………....
II. Put the verb into the correct form, present continuous or present simple
1. It’s known that air (consist) ………………………mainly of nitrogen and oxygen.
2. Minh used to drink a lot of milk but today she (prefer) …………………. Tea.
3. We (think) ……………………..it necessary for you to sell your car.
You (not/use) ………………………..it very often.
4. His brother (think)……………………….of selling his motor. Would you be interested in buying it?
5. He told her his name but she (not / remember) ……………………………..now.
6. Duy says he’s 60 years old now but no one (believe) ………………………………him.
7. Who is the man over there? Why (he / look) …………………………………..at me?
8. Who is the girl sitting on that bench? What (she / want) …………………………………..?
9. Are you thirsty? (you / want) ………………..something to drink?
10. Kaka is interested in politics but he (not / belong) ……………………..to a political party.
C. The future simple tense
I. Complete the sentences with (‘ll) or won’t + one of these verbs: be/ come/ wait/ like/ happen/ know/
meet/ pass/ get/ look.
1. I’m sorry about what happened yesterday. It ………………………. again.
2. Can you wait for me? I ………………………. very long.
3. They have invited him to the party but they don’t think he ______.
4. Tom ………………………. the final exam. He hasn’t worked hard enough for it.
5. Why don’t you try on this dress? I think it ………………………. .
6. I ………………………. here until you come back tomorrow.
7. Don’t ask Susan for advice. She ……………………….what to do.
8. I’m too tired to walk home. I think I ………………………. a taxi.

19
9. You must meet George sometime. I think you ………………………. him again.
10. What a nuisance! I hope we ………………………. him again.
II. Give the right form of the verbs in brackets: Simple Future or Simple Present.
1. We (go) ………………………. out when the rain (stop) ………………………..
2. She (not/ come) ………………………. until you (be) ………………………. ready.
3. I (come) ………………………. and (see) ………………………. them before I leave here.
4. We (phone) ………………………. you as soon as we (arrive) ………………………. in Hanoi.
5. When I (see) ………………………. Mr. Pike tomorrow, I (give) ………………………. him your message.
6. He promises he (leave) ………………………. before the sun (rise) ………………………..
7. They (move) ………………………. to their new house at Christmas this year.
8. Who (look after) ………………………. the children when your sister (be) ………………………. away?
D. The past progressive and simple tenses
I. Write sentences with the cue words, using the past progressive tense.
1. They/ play/ tennis/ 10.30 yesterday morning.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Ann/ do/ homework/ 5 o’clock this afternoon.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. My father/ wash/ car/ from/ five to six.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. This time last year/ we/ live/ France.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. The students/ offer/ flowers/ the visitors.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. I/ cook/ dinner/ half an hour ago.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. She/ work/ the studio/ that time.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. What/ you/ do/ from 3 to 6 yesterday afternoon?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. I/ write/ my report/ 8 o’clock last night.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
II. Put the verbs into correct form: past progressive or past simple.
1. The doorbell (ring) ……………… while Tom (watch) ……………………………… television.
2. How fast ……………… you ……………… (drive) when the accident (happen) ……………… ?
3. Anna and Susan (make) ……………………………… dinner when Martin (arrive) ……………………………… home.
4. The light (go) ……………… out while we (have) ……………… dinner. But it (come) ……………… again after about
ten minutes.
5. “What ……………… you (do) ……………… this time yesterday?” – I (work) ……………… on the computer.”
6. It suddenly (begin) ……………… rain while Laura (sit) ……………… in the garden.
7. It (be) ……………… cold when we (leave) ……………… the house that day, and a light snow (fall) ……………….
8. When I last (see) ……………… them, they (try) ……………… to find a new house near their work.
9. I (walk) ……………… along the street when I suddenly (feel) ……………… something hit me in the back. I (not/
know) ……………… what it was.
10. When we (drive) ……………… down the hill, a strange object (appear) ……………… in the sky.
E. THE PAST SIMPLE AND PRESENT PERFECT TENSES
I. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form, present perfect or past simple.
1. “Where’s your key?” - “I don’t know. I (lose) ……………… ……………… it.
2. Mary (go) ……………… to Australia for a while but she’s back again now.
3. “Where’s Ken?” - “He (go) ……………… out. He’ll be back in about an hour.”
4. Look! There’s an ambulance over there. There (be) ……………… an accident.
5. They’re still building the new road. They (not/ finish) ……………… it.
6. The police (arrest) ……………… three people but later they let them go.
7. “Is Helen still there?” - “No, she (just/ go) ……………… out.”
8. What do you think of my English? Do you think I (improve) ………………?

20
 PRACTICE – VERBS – NO. 2
I. Correct the mistakes
1. Warm down. May you please me what did happen?
2. The hospital will spend a police car to there into 10 minutes.
3. My finger is bleeding blood. Would you like to give me bandage?
4. The doctor allows the victim to drink wine and beer.
5. Thanks you very a lot by present you sent it to me.
II.Write the correct tense of the verbs in parentheses
1. What you (do) …………………………………..next week?
2. Our roommates (travel) ……………………..to Tokyo next June.
3. The girl (learn) …………………….. Chemistry at the moment.
4. What the officers (do)……………………………..now?
5. If he (not get) …………………………….up early, he (be) ………………………….late for school.
6. Would you please (bring) ……………………………me a cup of milk tea?
7. The little girl wants (buy) ………………………….e few pens and pencils.
8. What should we (do) ………………………………..in the evening.
9. You may (stay) …………………….at home on weekends.
10. We (get) ………………………….good marks if we (study)……………………hard.
III. Are the underlined verbs right or wrong? Correct the verbs that are wrong
1. Tony is very untidy. He is always leaving his things all over the place.
2. The bus is never late. It is always leaving on time.
3. (at a party) Usually Mary is enjoying parties but she does not enjoy this party a lot.
4. “What is your sister doing ?” “She is a worker but she does not work at the moment.”
5. Sopphia looks for a place to live. He is staying with his parents until he finds somewhere.
6. Her aunt lives in Thailand. She was born there and has never lived anywhere else. Where do her parents live?
7. Normally we are finish work at 5.15 but this week we work until 6.00 to earn a bit more money.
8. “Can you drive?” “I am learning. My brother is teaching me.”
9. Can I stop working now? I am starting to feel tired and thirsty.
10 Hanh is in Hai Duong at the moment. She stays with her mother. She is always staying there when she’s in Hai
Duong.
IV. Choose the best answer.
1. I (met/ was meeting) a friend while I (did/ was doing) the shopping.
2. I (turned/ was turning) round and (saw/ was seeing) Paula.
3. She (wore/ was wearing) a bright red coat.
4. You (always watch/ are always watching) television. You should do something more active.
5. I (paid/ was paying) for my things when I (heard/ was hearing) someone call my name.
6. We (left/ was leaving) the cafe and (said/ were saying) goodbye.
7. This time last Monday we (took/ were taking) the final test.
8. Mr. Blair (always goes/ is always going) to work by bus.
9. While we (had/ were having) a drink, a waiter (dropped/ was dropping) a pile of plates.
10. John is never satisfied. He (always complains/ is always complaining).
V. Choose the given to complete the following sentences: while/ during/ for/ since.
1. Mrs. Quyen has been in New York _____ July 1st.
2. I fell and hurt myself ______ I was playing tennis.
3. It started to rain ______ the match.
4. We have played tennis _____ two hours.
5. ______ the summer I stayed on a farm in New Mexico.
6. I learned Italian ______ I was there.
7. I haven’t met him ______ we left Washington.
8. We went on holiday to Florida ______ three weeks.
9. ______ the meal we exchanged news.
10. ______ I was talking to Barbara, I learned that Tony was in hospital.
VI. Put “since” or “for”.
1. I haven’t seen Tom _____ Monday.
2. Sarah has lived in London _____ 1985.
3. The house is very dirty. We haven’t cleaned it _____ ages.
4. I haven’t had a good meal ______ last Tuesday.
5. Kevin has been looking for a job _____ he left school.
6. _____ Christmas, the weather has been quite good.
7. We’ve known each other ______ a long time.
21
8. She’s been in France _____ the last three weeks.
9. Ann has been in hospital _____ Monday.
10. I have learned to use a computer _____ I was a child.
11. Mr. Robinson has taught English _____ ten years.
12. We have known each other _____ 1986.
VII. Make sentences from the words in brackets. Use present perfect or past simple.
1. it/ not/ rain/ this week.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. the weather/ be/ cold/ recently.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. it/ cold/ last week.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. I/ not/ read/ a newspaper yesterday.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. Ann/ earn/ a lot of money/ this year.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. she/ not/ earn/ so much/ last year.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. you/ ever/ be/ to/ Hanoi?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. I/ not/ read/ a newspaper/ today.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
VI. Fill in each blank with “already” or “yet”.
1. It’s 1.00 o’clock. I’m hungry. I haven’t eaten ………………….
2. I don’t have to study tonight. I’ve ………………… finished all homework.
3. It’s too late but he hasn’t arrived ………………….
4. Has John found a new job …………………?
5. How did you do on your calculus exam? – I haven’t taken it …………………. The exam is tomorrow.
6. Would you like to go to the movie at Bijou with us tonight. No, thank. I’ve ………… seen it. I saw it last week.
7. I have ………………… told him several times that I can’t come.
8. Have you finished …………………? It’s time to go.
VII. Put the verbs in parentheses in the correct tense.
Dear Lynn,
Sorry I (write) …………………to you for such a long time. Actually I (be) ………………… in hospital since last autumn.
My feet (be hurt) ………………… badly after an accident and so far everything (not/ get) ………………… better. My
doctor (come) ………………… last night and he (tell) ………………… me that I had to stay in hospital for another
three months for treatment. I asked him whether I would be better or not but he only (smile) ………………… and
(not/ say) ………………… anything.
My husband (come) ………………… back from China and he (give up) ………………… his work in the company three
months ago to look after me. The children (be sent) ………………… to school. I am very sad and don’t know when I
can recover from my foot ailment.
I will write to you more later. Write to me when you have time.
Love,
Ann
VIII. Complete the following sentences with the correct form of verbs in brackets: the present simple or
past simple.
Mr Tam (be)………a teacher. Two years ago, he (teach)………….in a small school in the country.But now he(teach)
………..at a high school in the city. Everyday Mr Tam(get)………
up at half past five. After his morning exercises, he(take)……… bath and (have)………. Breakfast
with his wife.Then he(leave)………….. home for school at a quarter to seven. Yesterday(be)……….
Sunday. Mr Tam (not/go)……………to school. He and his wife(visit)…………..his parents in the countryside. He
(buy) …………lots of presents. Mr Tam and his wife (spend)…………their day off with their parents. They (return)
………home at half past nine in the evening.

22
PRACTICE – PASSIVE VOICE
A. passive form in the present simple
I. Rewrite the sentences, use the verbs in present passive form.
1. People can use milk for making butter and cheese.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. The milkman brings bottles of milk to houses.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Careless driving causes many accidents.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Weeds cover the river banks.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. People speak English all over the world.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. They don’t use the house very often.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. Do they speak French in this school?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. They make a lot of beautiful toys from recycled plastic.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. The workers clean the streets everyday.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. Do they usually hold the concerts at the university?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
II. Change these sentences into the passive voice.
1. Somebody cleans the room everyday.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. How do people learn English?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. John will collect me at the airport.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Mr. Robinson teaches us how to speak English properly.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. Your teacher must sign this form.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. People play football all over the world.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. Our form teacher will hold a class discussion next Monday.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. Will you invite her to your birthday party?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. We can’t wear jeans at work.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. Do they speak French and English in Canada?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
B.Passive form in the past simple.
Change the following sentences into passive.
1. Clement Clark Moore wrote the poem “A visit from Saint Nicholas”.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. They performed the Chrismas song for people in town.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Santa Claus gave children presents on Chrismas Eve.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. My father decorated the Chrismas tree with colored lights.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. Miss Thanh taught me to draw the Chrismas cards.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. Ba invited Liz to the rice-cooking festival.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. They held the festival in the communal house yard.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. The council leader awarded the first prize to the Mekong team.
23
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. They made the fire in the traditional way.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. People didn’t organize this festival some years ago.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
C. Passive in modal verbs (must,will,can,should may,could.....................).
Turn the following sentences to the passive voice
1. Somebody must do something for those poor men.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. They will laugh at you if you wear that silly hat.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. You must keep dogs in the garden.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Passenges shouldn’t throw away their tickets.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. Candidates may not use dictionaries.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. A machine could do this much more easily.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. His family will see him off at the airport.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. They have to finish their homework tonight.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9.Tom will return those books to the library tomorrow
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. Some one ought to repair this window.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
D. Passive form in the present perfect.
Change the following sentences into the passive.
1. They haven’t used this machine for ages.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. She has eaten all the eggs.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Fomous engineers have designed th aircraft.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Have several people just seen the accident ?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. The news has surprised me.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. John has broken my watch.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. I have just bought a new computer.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. He has already seen that film.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. They have just built a new church.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
E.Passive in the present progressive and past progressive.
Change the following sentences into the passive
1. Peter is writing a letter to his friend.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. My friends are making some phone calls in the evening.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Bad drivers are causing many accidents.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Alex was preparing that report when I came to see him.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. Two horses were pulling the farmer’s wagon.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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6. Waiters and waitress were serving customers
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. The president was signing those papers.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. Was Mary helping her mother in the kitchen at that time ?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. The children are eating a lot of sweets.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. What wre you doing at this time yesterday ?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
F. Revision
I.Change the following into passive
1. Somebody will clean the room later.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. You mustn’t open this parcel until Chrismas Day
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. They can’t make tea with cold water.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. The students will hold a meeting before the teachers’ Day.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. People can recycle tires to make pipes or floor coverings.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. They should send applications before December 30th.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. The manager must sign the contact today.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. They will build the new bridge by the end of the year
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. We should use the cloth bags instead of plastic bags
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. We can use the garbage to make fertilizer.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
11. Alexander Bain invented the facsimile in 1843
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
12. They dry the beans in the sun.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
13. People can make any payment at any post office
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
14. How do people learn English ?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
15. They are going to build a new supermarket next year
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
16. Where did you take these photographs ?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
17. The policeman is questioning a murder suspect now
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
18. I will translate the instructions ioto French.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
19. Has the council postponed the meeting ?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
20. Why do people learn English all over the world?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

25
II. Change these sentences into the active voice.
1. The Christmas trees were decorated and put at the front doors.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. His painting will be exhibited for the first time by New Arts gallery.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. How often are these animals fed?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. French isn’to taught in this school.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. Was this symphony written by Mozart?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. A new supermarket is going to be built next year.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. Most of the questions can be answered by Name.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. My camera was stolen from my hotel room a few days ago.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
III. Put the verbs into the correct form: presents simple or past simple, active or passive.
1. It’s a big factory. Five hundred people (employ) ............................. there.
2. Water (cover) ............................. most of the Earth’s surface.
3. The letter (post) ............................. a week ago and it (arrive) ............................. yesterday.
4. The boat (sink) ............................. quickly but fortunately everybody (rescue) ..............................
5. Ron’s parents (die) ............................. when he was very young. He and his sister (bring) ............................. up by
their grandparents.
6. The gate (lock) ............................. at 6.30 pm everyday.
7. Sue (bear) ............................. in London but she (grow) ............................. up in the north of England.
8. We (not/ play) ............................. football yesterday afternoon. The match (cancel) ..............................
9. Originally the book (write) ............................. in Spanish and a few years ago it (translate) ________ into English.
10. I saw an accident last night. Somebody (call) _______ an ambulance but nobody (injure) so the ambulance
(not/ need) ..............................
11. Your poem should .................... (write) in English
12. Yesterday afternoon my father ............................. (fix) his motorcycle.
13. It’s a serious problem. I don’t know how it can ............................. (solve).
14. The teacher asked Tom ............................. (go) to the board
15. I learned to swim when I ...................(be) very young. I ............................. (teach) by my mother.
16. He said that his mother....................(not/be) very well, so he (can not) ............................. go to the party
17. When we (meet) ............................. George and Linda yesterday, we ................... (walk) through park.
18. A: What ............................. you ............................. (do) at eight o’clock yesterday ?
B: I ............................. (watch) TV.
1. Complete the passage with the correct form of the verbs given: design/ be/ recognize/ visit/ be/ erect.
The Eiffel Tower (1) ............................. in Paris, France. It (2) ............................. by millions of people every year. It
(3) ............................. by Alexander Eiffel (1832-1923). It (4) ............................. in 1889 for the Paris exposition. Since
that time, it (5) ............................. the most famous landmark in Paris. Today it (6) ............................. by people
throughout the world.
IV. Underline the verb form that best completes each of the following sentences.
1. I like listening to music while I (am studying/ was studying/ was studied).
2. Her teacher was angry because she (wasn’t finished/ didn’t finish) the homework.
3. We (were waking up/ were woken up) by a loud noise during the night.
4. John (was looking/ was looked) for some music CDs when he (was telling/ was told) it was closing time.
5. The exercise was very difficult, but everything (was answered/ could answer) correctedly by nearly half of
us.
6. Mom said we (could/ eat/ could be eaten) the meat and the chicken, but not the fish. It (wasn’t ordered/
didn’t order) for us. It was for Dad.
7. The accident (caused/ was caused) by the truck driver, who (was driving/ was driven) too fast.
8. I (was invited/ invited) into an office, offered a cup of tea, and (ask/ asking/ asked) to wait.

26
 PRACTICE – VERB FORM
Part 3: Verb form Put the verbs in correct form, to-infinitive or Verb-ing.
1. It was late, so we decided (take) ………………. a taxi.
2. We were in a hungry, so I suggested (have) ………………. dinner early.
3. When I’m tired, I enjoy (watch) ………………. television.
4. Would you like (come) ………………. to dinner on Friday?
5. It started (rain) ………………. when they left home.
6. Would you mind (close) ………………. the door?
7. He stopped (talk) ………………., then tried (lift) ………………. a box into a lorry.
8. Don’t forget (turn off) ………………. the lights before (go) ………………. out.
9. Can you help (iron) ………………. the clothes? I hate (do) ……………….the ironing.
10. I hope (finish) ………………. (paint) ………………. the house by the end of the week.
11. (Find) ………………. a parking space is quite difficult in this area.
12. (drive) ………………. becomes more and more expensive.
13. (learn) ………………. about other cultures makes people more tolerant.
14. No (smoke) ………………. in this area.
15. (work) ……………….  overtime is quite common in this company.
16. (eat) ………………. fruits and vegetables is good for your health.
17. (make) ………………. fun of other people is not nice.
18. Daniel said to Jim, “Is there a cafe nearby?”
19. I’m beginning (understand) ………………. what you mean.
20. I didn’t know how (get) ………………. to your house so I stopped (ask) ……………….the way.
21. “Would you like me (go) …………. with you?” I said to her. – “I’d rather (go) ……. alone,” he answered.
22. After (hear) ………………. the condition, I decided (not/ enter) _____ the competition.
23. I used (ride) …………. a lot but I (not/ have) …………. a chance to do any since (come) …………. here.
24. My mother told me (not/ stay) ………………. up too late.
25. Would you mind (look) ………………. after the house last week.
26. Jane hopes (become) ………………. a lawyer.
27. I can’t (finish) ……………….my work before noon.
28. She is good at (dance) ………………. .
29. He is crazy about (sing) ………………. .
30. I don't like (play) ………………. . cards.
31. They are afraid of (swim) ………………. in the sea.
32. You should give up (smoke) ……………….
33. Sam dreams of (be) ………………. a popstar.
34. He is interested in (make) ………………. friends.
35. My uncle is afraid of (go) ………………. by plane.
36. We insist on (cook) ………………. the dinner ourselves.
37. I don't fancy(go) ………………. out tonight.
38. She avoided(tell) ………………. him about her plans.
39. I would like (come) ………………. to the party with you.
40. He enjoys (have) ………………. a bath in the evening.
41. She kept(talk) ………………. during the film.
42. I am learning (speak) ………………. English.
43. Do you mind (give) ………………. me a hand?
44. She helped me (carry) ………………. my suitcases.
45. I've finished (cook) ……………….- come and eat!
46. He decided (study) ……………….………………. biology.
47. I dislike (wait). ……………….……………….
48. He asked (come) ………………. with us.
49. I promise (help) ………………. you tomorrow.
50. We discussed (go) ………………. to the cinema, but in the end we stayed at home.
51. She agreed(bring) ………………. the pudding to the dinner.
52. I don't recommend (take) ………………. the bus - it takes forever!
53. We hope (visit) ………………. Amsterdam next month.
54. She suggested (go) ………………. to the museum.
55. They plan (start) ………………. college in the autumn.
56. I don't want (leave) ………………. yet.

27
 PRACTICE – VERB REVISION
VI. Complete the sentences using one of these verbs in the correct form (Hãy hoàn thành những câu sau,
sử dụng hình thức đúng của động từ): write, translate, cause, damage, hold, include, invite, make, overtake,
show, bear.
1. A lot of accidents ……………………… by careless drivers.
2. Do you know that cheese ………………………..from milk?
3. The roof of that house ………………………..in a storm a week ago.
4. There’s no need to leave a trip. Service ……………in the bill. Don’t you see it?
5. Khanh and you …………………to the party. Why didn’t you go?
6. Pople know that a cinema is a place where films …………………………… .
7. It’s said that in France, elections for President ………………every four years.
8. Originally these books ………………………….in Chinese and a few years ago they ………………………..into
Vietnamese.
9. They were driving along quite fast but they …………………by many other cars.
10. All of us know that Uncle Ho ……………….in Nam Dan, Nghe An in 1890.
II. Choose the best answer.
1. I (met/ was meeting) a friend while I (did/ was doing) the shopping.
2. I (turned/ was turning) round and (saw/ was seeing) Paula.
3. She (wore/ was wearing) a bright red coat.
4. You (always watch/ are always watching) television. You should do something more active.
5. I (paid/ was paying) for my things when I (heard/ was hearing) someone call my name.
6. We (left/ was leaving) the cafe and (said/ were saying) goodbye.
7. This time last Monday we (took/ were taking) the final test.
8. Mr. Blair (always goes/ is always going) to work by bus.
9. While we (had/ were having) a drink, a waiter (dropped/ was dropping) a pile of plates.
III. Supply the correct form of tense of the verbs in the brackets
1. Hoa’s teacher wants her...................(spend) more time on Math.
2. I promise I................(try) my best next semester.
3. Sandra needs.....................(improve) her English writing.
4. They didn’t try .................(learn) all new words they .................(come) across.
5. You should ..................(underline) the word you want ....................( learn).
6. Can you help me ..................(move) this table?
7. Nam always ..............(get) grade A for physics but last semester he..............(get) B so Nam’s teacher asked
him......................(study) harder this semester.
8. They were proud of ................(be) so successful
9. It’s difficult...................(climb) this mountain.
10. You must..................(take) an umbrella. It...............................(rain) now.
11. When I was a child, I used..................(spend) hours playing with a tin box.
12. Everyone stopped..................(laugh) when we .....................(come).
13. Sandra ought......................(practice) her English frequently.
14. Ann is in hospital.I ..................(visit) him tomorrow.
15. Would you like...................(come) to dinner tomorrow?
16. Sue can ..............(speak) Vietnamese very well.
17. She asked her children.................(stop) playing
18. People...............................(not used to ) go to school in the past.
19. People used .................(think) that the world was flat.
20. She advised me......................(not be) late.
21. My father used to .................(smoke) a packet of cigarettes aday.
22. Please stop................ (ask) me questions
23. I’m used to .................(work) with the television on.
24. She hopes...................(have) a suitable job.
25. He enjoys...................(get) up late on Sunday morning.
26. They are thinking of....................(move) to America.
27. You don’t need....................(come) to the meeting.
28. Does she want ...................(become) a singer?
29. It’s very difficult.................(reach) adecision.
30. My sister hates..................(do) the ironing.

28
 PRACTICE - STRUCTURE
PART 1. USED TO V AND DIDN’T USED TO V (đã từng – thói quen trong quá khứ)
I. Past simple with used to. Comple these sentences with used to or didn’t use to.
1.My father gave up smoking two years ago. He(smoke)..........................a packet of cigarettes a day.
2.There (be)......................... a movie theater here but it closed a long time ago.
3.Mr An(not drink )..................................coffee
when he was young but he likes now.
4.Peter (have).......................a motorbike, but last month he sold it and bought a car.
5.I(not like)...........................................her but we are best friends now.
6.They came to live in the city last year. They
(live)..............................in a small village in the country.
7.My sister (play) .......................tennis a lot but she doesn’t play very often now.
8.When I was a child, I(not study).......................
...................................hard.
9.He(have)............................. ... a lot of freetime but he is busy now.
II. Rewrite the sentence, using “used to V” or “didn’t use to V”
1. I had a lot of money but I lost it all when my business failed.
=> ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. I quite like classical music now, although I wasn't keen on it when I was younger.
=> ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. I seem to have lost interest in my work.
=> ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. My brother had his hair cut short when he joined the army.
=> ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. Dennis gave up smoking three years ago.
=> ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. My parents lived in the USA when they were young.
=> ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. Jim was my best friend, but we aren't friends any more.
=> ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. When he was younger, my uncle was a national swimming champion.
=> ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. I eat ice-cream now, but I disliked eating it when I was a child.
=> ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. I walked a lot when I was a child but now I ride a bike.
=> ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
III. Fill in the blank, using “used to V”, “get/be used to + Ving” (đang/ đã quen việc gì đó)
1. I was used to_____(eat) at noon when I started school.
2. He used to_____(eat) dinner at five o'clock.
3. When I was young, I used to___(swim) everyday.
4. He used to_____(like) her, but he doesn't anymore.
5. Don't worry, some day you will get used to_____(speak) English.
6. Lan can't get used to____(study)
7. He used to___(dance) every night, but now he studies.
8. Adam is used to____(sleep) late on the weekends.
9. Chieks is used to____(eat) American food now.
10. She finally got used to___(eat) our food.
11. When I was a child, I used _________ (dream) of being an astronaut.
12. I'm terribly nervous. I'm not used ___________ (speak) to a large audience.
13. It took us ages to get used _________ (live) in an apartment house.
14. Lots of trains used ___________ (stop) here, but not many do now.
15. Didn't Nick use _________ (work) on a building site?
16. I'll have an orange juice, please. I'm not used ___________ (drink) alcohol.
17. David doesn't seem to mind being in hospital. I suppose he's got used _________ (be) there.
18. When Laura was at college, she used ____________ (have) a picture of Elvis Presley on her bedroom wall.
19. There used __________ (be) a cinema here but it was knocked down a few years ago.
20. When she arrived in Britain, she wasn't used __________ (drive) on the left, but she soon got used to it.

29
PART 2. ENOUGH, TOO… TO, SO… THAT, SUCH… THAT
I. Combine these sentences using “too+ adj. + to –verb” or “adj. + enough + to verb”
1. These oranges are ripe. You can eat them.
.......................................................................................................................................
2. He is strong. He can carry this table.
......................................................................................................................................
3. The house is large. My family can live in it.
......................................................................................................................................
4. It was very late. They didn’t go to the movies.
......................................................................................................................................
5. The dress is so dirty. She can’t wear it.
......................................................................................................................................
6. She is not tall. She can’t reach the stop shelf.
......................................................................................................................................
7. Mr. isn’t rich. He can’t buy a car.
......................................................................................................................................
8. My grand mother is very weak. She can’t lift the book.
......................................................................................................................................
II. Combine each of the following sentences into one sentences, using (not) + adj. + enough.
1. He is very strong. He can’t carry the box.
......................................................................................................................................
2. The weather wasn’t very warm. We couldn’t go swimming.
......................................................................................................................................
3. He wasn’t very experienced. He couldn’t do the job.
......................................................................................................................................
4. The ladder wasn’t very long. It didn’t reach the window.
......................................................................................................................................
5. The tea isn’t strong. It won’t keep us awake.
......................................................................................................................................
6. The fire isn’t very hot. It won’t boil the kettle.
......................................................................................................................................
7. The ice is quiet thick. We can walk on it.
......................................................................................................................................
8. It wasn’t very warm. We couldn’t sit in the garden.
......................................................................................................................................
III. Combine the following sentences into one sentences, using (not) + adj. + enough
1. He wasn’t very experienced. He couldn’t do the job.
........................................................................................................................................
2. She can’t ride a motorbike because she is still young.
........................................................................................................................................
3. The boy is too young. He doesn’t understand this.
.......................................................................................................................................
4. You can’t put this book in your pocket because it is too big.
........................................................................................................................................
5. The weather isn’t very warm. We can’t go swimming.
........................................................................................................................................
6. I am very lucky because I have many good friends.
........................................................................................................................................
7. This exercise is too difficult for me to do.
........................................................................................................................................
8. He is too young to drive a car.
........................................................................................................................................
IV. Rewrite the sentences using: adj.+ enough + to infinitive and the adjective in the brackets.
1. She can drive a car. She is young.(old)
She ………………………………………………………………………………..
2. We shouldn’t go to the beach. It’s cold. (warm)
It’s ………………………………………………………………………………..
3. I can’t do any more work. I’m very tired. (well)
I’m ……………………………………………………………………………….
4. I like watching film. It is very interesting. (interesting)
This film …………………………………………………………………………
30
 5. We didn’t buy the flat because it was small. (large)
The flat …………………………………………………………………………..
6. He is fit. He can run 10 kilometers.
He’s
7. He is unfit. He can’t run 10 kilometers
He isn’t ……………………………………………………………………………………….
8. My brother is young. He can’t ride a bicycle.
My brother ……………………………………………………………………………………..
9. My elder brother is strong. He can lift the piano.
My elder brother is ……………………………………………………………………………...
V. Combine the two sentences, using (not) adjective = enough + to infinitive or (not) adjective + enough
+ for + object + to infinitive.
1. I’m not very well. I can’t go to the cinema with you this evening.
2. The table was very heavy. I couldn’t move it.
3. The children aren’t tall but the shelf is very high. They can’t reach that shelf .
4. Our flat is small. We can live in it.
5. They arrived at &.30 but the film began at7.00. They couldn’t see the beginning of the film.
6. He spoke too quiet. The people at the back rows couldn’t hear anything.
7. Mai is ill today. She can go to school.
8. The room is too dark. I couldn’t see anything.
9. It was rainy yesterday. We couldn’t go on the picnic.
10. This soup is tasteless. I can’t eat it.
11. The fire isn’t very hot. It won’t boil a kettle.
12. You are not old. You can’t have a front-door key.
13. It was very hot. You can fry an egg on the pavement.
14. John was very foolish. He told lies to the police.
15. The buffalo isn’t big. It can’t harm you.
VI. Fill in the gaps with: “enough” or “too” to complete the sentences.
1. He hasn’t got ____________ money to buy this car.
2. It is cool ____________ for you to drink.
3. There is ____________ much pollution in big cities.
4. It is ____________ high for me to jump over.
5. There are ____________ many people on the road.
6. There aren’t chairs ____________ chairs foe these people to sit.
7. He isn’t strong ____________ to lift this bag.
8. This coffee is ____________ heavy for me to drink.
VII. Rewrite the sentences in the other way with the suggestions so that the meaning is kept unchanged.
Use “enough” or “too”.
1. This mountain is very high. We can’t climb it.
This mountain is ……………………………………………………………………….
2. Are you very tall? Can you reach that picture?
Are you tall ………………………………………………………………………………..
3. There are ten people in the room but there are only eight chairs.
There aren’t ……………………………………………………………………………….
4. The tea is very hot. I can’t drink it.
The tea is ………………………………………………………………………………….
5. This picture is $10.50. I have only $ 9. 50 so I can’t buy it.
I haven’t …………………………………………………………………………………….
6. She is six years old, she can start school?
She is old ………………………………………………………………………………….
VIII. Match each half a sentence in column A with its suitable half in column B.
A B
1. The weather is not warm enough a. to go to school.
2. He is not old enough b. to take part in those activities.
3. The train was not fast enough c. for him to get the scholarship.
4. Tom’s grade was not good enough d. To realize the trick.
5. Mr. Hung is not qualified enough e. To lift the weights.
6. He is not clever enough f. To be accepted to the company.
7. She is old enough g. For me to go swimming
8. Tom is strong enough h. For him to arrive on time.

31
IX. Make sentences with “enough” to describe the following situations
1. The car is 150,000 USD and he has only 60,000USD.
He is……………………………………………………………………………………………
 The car ……………………………………………………………………………………….
2. The bookshelf is 1, 2 meter high and the child is only 1 meter tall.
He is……………………………………………………………………………………………
 The bookshelf ……………………………………………………………………………….
3. Trung is 6 years old now. He wants to go to school.
 Trung is ………………………………………………………………………………………
4. The car has 4 seats, but there are 7 people.
 The car doesn’t has ………………………………………………………………………….
 The car isn’t big …………………………………………………………………………….
5. She can not wear the dress any more because she has gained 5 kilos.
 The dress is not ………………………………………………………………………….
X. Combine the two sentences, using (not) adjective = enough + to infinitive or (not) adjective + enough +
for + object + to infinitive
1. Lan is young. She can’t see the horror film.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
2. My brother is short. He can’t reach the top shelf.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
3. Chi is unwell. She can’t go on the picnic with her classmates.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
4. The water here is unsafe. We can’t drink it.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
5. The candlelight is dim. We can’t read with it.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
6. We are young. We can’t vote in the coming election.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
7. My uncle’s eyesight is bad. He can’t join the army.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
8. My granddad’s eyes are good. He can read the small print without glasses.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
9. These paintings are good. They can enter for the competition.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
10. The room is large. It can hold 80 people.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
11. The plane is fast. It can reach the island in two hours.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
12. The laptop is light. We can bring it along on long journeys.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
XI. Complete the sentences using TOO MUCH, TOO MANY or ENOUGH.
1. We’ve been so busy today so we didn’t even have ____ time for lunch.
2. I’d like to go to the cinema, but I haven’t got ____ money.
3. I can’t drink this soup. It’s got ____ salt in it .
4. We didn’t really enjoy the party; These were far ____ people there.
5. We couldn’t make an omelet because we didn’t have ____ eggs.
XII. Join these ideas using TOO/ENOUGH + to – infinitive or TOO/ENOUGH + for + object + to – infinitive.
1. I’m too tired. I can’t go to the cinema this evening.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. The table was too heavy. I couldn’t move it.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. The children aren’t tall enough. They can’t reach that shelf
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. They arrived too late. They didn’t see the beginning of the film.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. Our old flat was much too small. We couldn’t live in it.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. He spoke too quietly. The people at the back of the room couldn’t hear.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. Young adults aren’t informed about politics. They shouldn’t vote.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
32
 PRACTICE – CONDITIONAL AND WISHES SENTENCE
I. Conditional sentence type 1
Put the verb in the brackets in the correct form:
Example: If it (rain) ____rains____, we (not go) ___will not go _____to the cinema.
2. If the weather (be) ___________nice tomorrow, we (drive) ____________to our
farm.
3. If we (send) ________________this message now, they (receive) ____________
it in time.
4. He (be) __________________ angry if you (come) __________________late
again.
5. If I (have) __________________enough time, I (do) __________________this
homework.
6. I (take) ________________a photo of this beach if I (have) ______________a
camera.
7. You (be) __________________punished if you (fail) __________________the
exam.
8. If it (rain) __________________this weekend, we (stay) __________________at
home.
9. She (do) __________________it if she (promise) __________________you.
10. What______ you (do) ____________if you (not have)
__________________money?
11. The kitchen (look) __________________ better if we (have)
__________________red curtains.
II. Conditional sentence type 2
Put the verb in the brackets in the correct form:
Example: If he (know) _______knew_____ the truth, he (not behave) __would not behave__ like that.
2. If today (be) ________________ Sunday, I (not have) ________________to go to
school.
3. I (be) ________________able to watch the football match if I (have)
______________a TV.
4. If they (be) ________________rich, they (help) ________________poor people.
5. What _______you (do) ________________ if you (be) ________________him?
6. If we (not lend) ________________him some money, he (die)
________________early.
7. He (not understand) ________________the question if he (not ask)
________________the teacher.
8. If I (win) ________________a big prize in a lottery, I (give) ________________
up my job.
9. If I (be) ________________ you, I (tell) ________________the truth.
10. If I (have) ________________enough time now, I (write) ________________to
my parents.
11. If I (know) ________________his address, I (go) ________________round and
see him.
III. Conditional sentence type 3
Example: If you (not be) _____had not been__ so busy, I (show) __would have shown__ you how to play.
1. I (understand) ________________ him if he (speak)
________________more slowly.
2. T (be) ________________glad if he (visit) ________________me in
hospital.
3. He (pass) ________________the exam if he (have)
________________got one more mark.
4. I (tell) ________________you if you (ask) ________________me.
5. If I (know) ________________ that you were in hospital, I (visit)
________________you.
6. What ________you (tell) _______ her if you (meet) ________________
her yesterday.
7. You (not miss) ________________ the buss if you (arrive)
________________on time.
8. If I (visit) ________________ my parents, they (be)
________________happy.
9. If she (have) ________________enough money, she (buy)
________________a new car.
33
10. You (not watch) ________________the film if you (not have)
________________a ticket.
IV. Mixed types
Example: If I (have) ______have __time, I will write to him.
1. If it’s cold, I (need) ________________a heavier coat.
2. What are you going to do if you (have) ________________a
holiday?
3. If I can go tomorrow, I (let) ________________you know.
4. If flowers don’t get any water, they (die) ________________
5. I will go to the party unless it (rain) ________________.
6. If I got up earlier, I (not be) ________________late for work.
7. If I didn’t feel so tired, I (go) ________________.out with you.
8. If you (not pass) ________________the exam, would you take
it again?
9. If I (be) ________________you, I would apply for the job.
10. I could repair the car if I (have) ________________the right
tools.
11. We (go) …………………… swimming if it (be) ……………………a good day tomorrow.
12. If the weather (be) …………………… nice last day, I (go) …………………… for a walk.
13. My dog always barks if he (hear) …………………… anything unusual.
14. If he (not/ do) ……………………come soon, I'm not going to wait.
15. If the phone (ring) ……………………, can you answer it?
16. If it rains this evening, I (not/will) …………………… go out.
17. If she (come) ……………………, she will get a surprise.
18. If we had had enough money, we (buy) …………………… that house.
19. If Caroline and Sue (prepare)……….the salad, Phil (decorate)…………… the house. 
20. If you (send)……… ….. this letter now, she (receive) ……………..it tomorrow. 
21. If Sue (cut)….................... the onions for the salad, Caroline (peel)………the mushrooms. 
22. If I (do) ………………………this test, I (improve) ………………………. my English. 
23. Jane (hover)…… …. the sitting room if Aaron and Tim (move)...……. the furniture. 
24. If I (find) ……your ring, I (give)…… it back to you. 
25. Peggy (go)……… shopping if she (have)………. time in the afternoon. 
26. If Bob (tidy)………………. up the kitchen, Anita (clean)…… ………. the toilet. 
28. If Alan and Rebecca (organize) ...................… the food, Mary and Connor (make) ….........….the sandwiches.
29. If I (know)..........................his telephone number, I’d give it to you.
30. He could get a job easily if he (have) ........... a degree.
31. If I had known that you were in hospital I (visit) ……………………….you
32. If she (not hurry) .........................., she may be late.
33. Water (not run) ..................................down hill if there were not gravity.
34. If you (turn) .........out the light, we shall be in the dark.
35. He might get fat if he (stop) …………......smoking.
36. I (accept) ..................... if they invite me to the party.
37. What you (do)........................................... if you found a burglar in your house?
38. If he (wash)........................ my car I will give him £ 10
39. If I had known that you were in hospital I (visit) ...........................................you
40. He (look)................ a lot better if he shaved more often.
Rewrite the sentence, using wish and if
A. Wishes sentence

34
1.I miss the cartoon on TV --> I wish………………………………………………
I wish……………………………………………… 33. Maria didn’t apply for the job in the library and regrets it
2. Lan cannot meet her friend. now.
She wishes……………… -->Maria wishes………………………………………
3. They don’t know how to speak Chinese. 34. It’s a pity I haven’t got time to go through this city.
They wish……… -->I wish………………………………………………
4. Phong cannot win the championship. 35. I’m sorry now that I asked her to stay.
He wishes…………………………. -->Now I wish………………………………………
5. Their team don’t play very well. 36. It’s a pity that I can’t go to the library
They wish………… -->I wish………………………………………………
6. Lien never goes on a camping trip. 37. It’s a pity you didn’t teach that boy a lesson.
She wishes…….. -->I wish………………………………………………
7. She doesn’t get good marks. 38. It’s a great pity you wrote that letter.
She wishes……. -->I wish………………………………………………
8. Her mother doesn’t buy her new clothes for Tet. 39. I will not be an astronaut in the future.
She wishes…………… -->I wish………………………………………………
9.He got a bad mark yesterday. 40. I am poor now.
He wishes…………. -->I wish………………………………………………
10. They cannot eat carrots. 41. We have to go to class.
They wish…………………………… -->We wish…………………………………………
11. It rains today. 42. I didn’t meet her.
I wish………………………………
12.Phong gets bad marks this semester
He wishes……………
13. It’s cold and windy.
I wish………………
14. I can’t hear that srange noise.
I wish……………………
15. Hoa and Ba won’t go fishing this weekend.
They wish………………
16. Tuan doesn't write the composition.
He wishes............................................
17.Some students are late for class.
They wish..................
18. Uyen has to stay at home because of her sickness.
She wishes.........
19. Hoa and Ba won't go fishing this weekend.
They wish.........................................
20. Her little brother can't swim.
He wishes............................................ .................
21.You are not very tall
--> I wish,I .........................................
22.it s' so hot. You want to be in the swimming pool
-->I wish,I ..........................................
23.You don't have a computer
--> I wish,I..........................................
24.You live very far from school
-->I wish,I...........................................
25.You don't have a sister
-->I wish,I..........................................
26.You draw very badly
-->I wish,I..........................................
27.You don't have your fiend s' phone number
-->I wish ,I..........................................
28.You don't know many friends
-->I wish,I............................................
29.There aren't any river and lakes in your hometown
-->I wish,I............................................
30. Mary says she’d like to have been put in a higher class
-->Mary wishes………………………………………
31. It’s a pity I didn’t take my doctor’s advice.
-->I wish………………………………………………
32. I’m sorry I missed your birthday party.
35
B. Conditionals 29. I didn’t know you were at home, so I didn’t phone
If ………………………………………………………….
If ………………………………………………………......
30. I don’t have a degree so I can’t get a job easily.
2. Today isn't Sunnday. The pupils can't go swimming.
→ If I had ………………………………………….……...
If ………………………………………………………......
31. I don’t buy that house because it’s very small.
3. He wasn't here. He didn't have a lot of fun.
→ If it were ……………………………………………….
If ………………………………………………………......
32. They don’t use other forms of energy, so they don’t
4. My brother will have anough money. He will buy a
protect the environment.
bicycle.
→ If they used …………………………………………….
If ………………………………………………………......
33. She doesn’t go out more often because she is too weak.
5. He didn't have time. He didn't read this novel.
→ If she …………………………………………………...
If ………………………………………………………......
34. I’m not rich, so I can’t buy a yacht. .
6. Because she missed the bus, she was late.
→ If I ……………………………………………………...
If ………………………………………………………......
35. He doesn’t hurry, so he misses the train.
7. Peter doesn't study hard, so he can't get good marks.
→ If he ………………………………………………….…
If ………………………………………………………......
36. Peter is fat because he eats so many chips.
8. My sister is absent from her class because she has a
→ If Peter ………………………………………………....
terrible headache.
37. I didn’t go to the party because nobody invited me.
If ………………………………………………………......
→ If ……………………………………………………….
9. Windy didn't come, so we cancelled the meeting.
38. My friend didn't win because his car broke down.
If ………………………………………………………......
→ If his……………………………………………………
10. He was angry, so he didn't say anything.
39. Susan missed the bus because she arrived late at the
If ………………………………………………………......
station.
11.Alan always ate breakfast, he wouldn’t overeat at lunch
→ Susan …………………………………………………..
If ………………………………………………………......
40. We didn't send them a letter because we didn't know their
12. We don’t visit our parents very often because they live so
new address.
far away
→ We ……………………………………………………..
If ………………………………………………………......
41. She didn´t understand it because he hasn't explained the
13. I can’t look the word up because I haven’t got a
situation to her.
dictionary.
→ If he ……………………………………………………
If ………………………………………………………......
42. W e didn’t call you because the phone didn´t work.
14. Nick can’t find the way because he hasn’t got a map
→ We ……………………………………………………..
 If....................................................................................
43. He is very unhealthy because he doesn’t take any
15. He doesn’t have the money, he can’t afford a new car.
exercise.
 If....................................................................................
If ………………………………………………………….
16. She didn’t take your advice, so she failed in the exam.
44. I didn’t see the signal, so I didn’t stop.
If ……………………………………………
If ………………………………………………………….
17. Tom didn’t do his test well because he didn’t study his
45. He doesn’t get a job, so he can’t pay his bills.
lesson carefully
If ………………………………………………………….
Tom ……………………………………………………….
46. She isn’t fit because she sits around too much.
18. We got lost because we didn’t have a map
If ………………………………………………………….
If ………………………………………………………….
47. The fire brigade came immediately, so the house didn’t
19. She came early so she got a good seat
burn down.
If ………………………………………………………….
If ………………………………………………………….
20. He’s fat because he doesn’t take any physical exercises
48. Sue walked to work in the rain and caught a cold.
If ………………………………………………………….
If ………………………………………………………….
21. I’m not going to buy that book. It is too expensive
49. I was sick yesterday, so I didn’t go to class.
If ………………………………………………………….
If ………………………………………………………….
22. I can’t meet you tomorrow evening. I have to work
50. Because Alan never eats breakfast, he always overeats at
If …………………………………………………………
lunch.
23. The taxi went the wrong way so Kate missed her flight
If ………………………………………………………….
If …………………………………………………………..
51. Peter didn’t finish unloading the truck because John
24. I didn’t know you were back, so I didn’t phone
didn’t help him.
If ………………………………………………………….
If ………………………………………………………….
25. He doesn’t have the money, he can’t buy a new house.
52. She wasn’t able to answer the questions, so she failed the
If ………………………………………………………….
exam.
26. She didn’t call me last night because she didn’t know my
If ………………………………………………………….
phone number.
53. The teacher was very angry. His pupils did their
=> If……………………………………………………….
homework carelessly
27. They cancelled the trip because it rained heavily.
If ………………………………………………………….
=> If ………………………………………………………
54. The only way that I can take you is my father lends me a
28. He is overweight. He eats too much
car.
=> If ………………………………………………………
If ………………………………………………………….
36
 LESSON 4:
Tag questions – CÂU HỎI ĐUÔI
I. CÁCH THÀNH LẬP
1. Câ u hỏ i đuô i gồ m có : chủ ngữ (phải là đạ i từ nhâ n xưng) và trợ độ ng từ hay độ ng từ đặ c biệt.
2. Nếu câ u phá t biểu ở thể xá c định thì câ u hỏ i đuô i ở thể phủ định và ngượ c lại.
3. Nếu câ u hỏ i đuô i ở thể phủ định thì phải dù ng hình thứ c tĩnh lượ c (contractive form).
Ví dụ:
STATEMENTS QUESTION-TAGS
He is a good boy, isn’t he?
The girl didn't come here yesterday, did she?
They will go away, won't they?
She hasn't left, has she?

II. CHÚ Ý:
a. Phần đuôi của “ I am” là “ aren’t I “ .
Eg: I’m going to do it again, aren’t I?
b. Imperatives and Requests ( Câu mệnh lệnh và câu yêu cầu):
+ Có phầ n đuô i là “won’t you?” khi câ u phá t biểu diễn tả lờ i mờ i:
Eg: Take your seat, won’t you? (Mờ i ô ng ngồ i)
+ Có phầ n đuô i là “will you?” khi câu phá t biểu diễn tả lờ i yêu cầu hoặ c mệnh lệnh phủ định
Eg: Open the door, will you? ( Xin vui lò ng mở cử a)
Don’t be late, will you ? (Đừ ng đi trễ nha)
c. Phần đuôi của câu bắt đầu bằng “ Let’s ...” : là “shall we ?”
Eg: Let’s go swimming, shall we?
Nhưng phần đuôi của “Let us / Let me” là “will you”
d. Nothing, anything, something, everything được thay là thế bằng “ It” ở câu hỏi đuôi:
Eg : Everything will be all right, won’t it?
No one, Nobody, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody, everybody, everyone được thay
thế bằng “They” trong câu hỏi đuôi.
Eg: Someone remembered to leave the messages, didn’t they?
Lưu ý: Nothing, Nobody, No one được dùng trong mệnh đề chính, động từ ở câu hỏi đuôi sẽ
phải ở dạng thức xác định. (Vì Nothing, Nobody, No one có nghĩa phủ định)
Eg: Nothing gives you more pleasure than listening to music, does it ?
e. This/ That được thay thế là “It”.
- Eg: This won’t take long, will it?
f. These/ Those được thay thế là “They”.
Eg: Those are nice, aren’t they?
g. Khi trong câu nói có từ phủ định như: seldom, rarely, hardly, no, without, never, few, little… phần
đuôi phải ở dạng khẳng định.
Eg: He seldom goes to the movies, does he?
- Nếu mệnh đề chính có các từ phủ định như neither,no, none, no one, nobody,nothing, scarcely, barely,
hardly, hardly ever, seldom …, thì câu hỏ i đuô i ở thể khẳ ng định.
Examples: Nothing was said,................?
Peter hardly ever go to parties, ...................?

h. Nếu câu phát biểu có dạng : You’d better → câu hỏi đuôi sẽ là : hadn’t you ?
You’d rather → câu hỏi đuôi sẽ là : wouldn’t you ?
You used to → câu hỏi đuôi sẽ là : didn’t you ?
III. Ý nghĩa của câu hỏi đuôi:
Ý nghĩa của câu hỏi đuôi phụ thuộc vào ngữ điệu diễn đạt nó:
- Nếu ta hạ giọng, có nghĩa là ta thực sự đặt câu hỏi cho người đối thoại và ta muốn người nghe
đồng tình với mình
- Nếu ta lên giọng câu hỏi đuôi thì ta muốn hỏi lại người nghe

37
 PRACTICE
Add tag questions to the following.
1. You don't know where Ann is, …………..?
2. They haven't seen this film, ……………..?
3. You wouldn't tell anyone about it, ……………?
4. He'd never seen you before,……………….?
5. Let's go out for a walk, …………………..?
6. This is your book,………………?
7. I am supposed to be here, ………….?
8. There is a meeting tonight, ……………………?
9. Tom won't be here late, ………………………………?
10. You 're tired,……………………….?
11. You haven't lived here long, ………………?
12. You came in a sports car, ………………………?
13. These cakes look good, ………………………?
14. You can speak German, …………………..?
15. You coundn't do me a favour, ……………….?
16. My wife cooks well, ………………………?
17. You don’t like playing games, ………………………..?
18. They should have been able to do it , ………………………………?
19. She doesn’t come here, ………………………………… ?
20. Tom can help her, …………………………….. ?
21. You won’t be late, …………………………?
22. The students should keep silent, …………………………… ?
23. Mary seldom wears her dress, ........................................ ?
24. Tom and Jerry can’t live in peace, ............................................ ?
25. The case weights thirty kilos,............................................. ?
26. They want to come,………………….?
27. Elizabeth is a dentist, ……………….. ?
28. They won’t be here, …………………?
29. That is your umbrella, ………………….?
30. There aren’t many people here yet, …………….. ?
31. He has a bicycle,……………………?
32. Peter would like to come with us to the party, ……………………..?
33. Those aren’t Fred’s books, ….........................……?
34. You have never been to Paris,…….............................……?
35. Something is wrong with Jane today, …….............................…… ?
36. Everyone can learn how to swim, ………...................................……… ?
37. Nobody cheated in the exam, ………….........................……….. ?
38. Nothing went wrong while I was gone, ……...................……....... ?
39. I am invited, …………....................……….?
40. This bridge is not very safe,…….....................………..?
41. These sausages are delicious, ……..........................……….?
42. You haven’t lived here long, …......................………?
43. The weather forecast wasn’t very good, ……..................………. ?
44. He’d better come to see me, ................................... ?
45. You need to stay longer, ......................................................?
46. These sausages are delicious,......................................?
47. You haven’t lived here long,.............................................?
48. It’s quite a big garden,.............................................?
49. There aren’t many people here yet,.........................................?
50. You’re Rafana’s friend,...............................................?
51, You came in a sports car,..........................?
52. We can sit on the grass in the park,..............................?
53. The weather forecast wasn’t very good,...............................?
54. Nothing can happen,.....................................?
55. I’d better go now,.............................?
56. You would like to go out, .....................................?
57. There is nothing we can do to stop it, .....................................?
58. Your mother hardly go outside in the evening, .....................................?

38
LESSON 5: CONJUNCTIONS AND CONNECTORS

PART 1: CONJUNCTIONS

FORMS MEANINGS EXAMPLES

- Both Tom and Ann were
1 Both + S1 + and + S2 + Vplural cả hai
late.
- Either he or I am wrong.
2 Either + S1 + or + S2 + V (S2) hoặ c … hoặ c - I think she's either Russian
or Polish.
- Neither he nor I am happy.
3 Neither + S1 + nor + S2 + V (S2) khô ng … khô ng
- I am neither rich nor poor.
khô ng nhữ ng …mà - Robert is not only talented
4 Not only + S1 + but also + S2 + V (S2)
cò n but also handsome.

PART 2: CONNECTORS
CONNECTORS MEANINGS FORMS POSITIONS

vì vậy (biểu thị

SO kết quả tá c độ ng
củ a vế thứ nhấ t) (TomClause
was too1, angry,
so + clause
so he2 left
without saying anything) Liên từ nà y đứ ng trướ c
vế thứ 2 trong 1 câ u
nhưng (biểu thị ghép.
ý nghĩa trá i
BUT
ngượ c vớ i vế (I tried my best to pass the exam,
thứ nhấ t) but I still failed)

vì vậy (biểu thị Clause 1, but + clause 2 - Liên từ nà y đứ ng đầ u

kết quả củ a
THEREFORE 1 câ u, ngă n cá ch vớ i vế
hà nh độ ng trong He didn’t study hard. Therefore, he
câ u đi sau bằ ng dấ u
câ u trướ c đó ) failed the exam. phẩ y.
He didn’t study hard; therefore, he
failed the exam. - Ngoà i ra, nó có thể là
từ nố i giữ a 2 vế câ u
trong 1 câ u phứ c.
Sentence 1. Therefore, sentence 2 Trong trườ ng hợ p nà y,
tuy nhiên (biểu Clause 1; therefore, clause 2. nó sẽ đi sau dấ u chấ m
thị ý nghĩa trá i phẩ y và đứ ng trướ c
HOWEVER
ngượ c vớ i ý Studying E is not easy. However, it dấ u phẩ y.
nghĩa trướ c đó ) is benificial.
Studying E is not easy; however, it is
benificial.

39
 PRACTICE – CONJUNCTIONS AND CONNECTORS
Exercise 1: Choose the best answer
1. Our seats were ____far from the stage that we couldn't see the actors and actresses clearly.
A. very B. too C. enough D. so
2. He was _____ he never washed his clothes by himself.
A. too lazy B. so lazy that C. very lazy that D. such lazy
that
3. They are _____ young _____ drive the car.
A. so / that B. too / to C. enough / to D. not only / but
also
4. It was _____ a boring speech that I felt asleep.
A. such B. so C. very D. too
5. Is there _____ for everyone? A. food and drink enough B. enough food and drink
C. enough of food and drink D. enough food and drink enough
6. He was _____ he could not continue to work.
A. very tired that B. such tired that C. too tired that D. so tired that
7. John’s eyes were _____ bad that he couldn’t read the number plate of the car in front.
A. such B. too C. so D. very
8. - Why don’t we make a fire? - It’s not cold _____ to make a fire.
A. too B. enough C. such D. much
9. Most of the pupils are _____ to pass the examination.
A. enough good B. good enough C. too good D. very good
10. You can send me a letter if you want to, but your phone call is _____ for me.
A. enough good B. good as enough C. good enough D. good than
enough
11. Davis has _____ many patients _____ he is always busy.
A. too / that B. very / until C. such / that D. so / that
12. It was _____ a difficult question that they couldn't explain.
A. so B. such C. very D. too
13. The lesson _____ for me to understand.
A. is very difficult B. too difficult C. difficult too D. is too
difficult
14. The tent show is _____ for us to see.
A. enough interesting B. very interesting C. interesting enough D. interesting
15. They are _____ that they can't buy a bicycle.
A. enough poor B. poor enough C. so poor D. too poor
16. If I have _____, I'll travel south to New Orleans.
A. money enough B. enough money C. too money D. so money
17. It's surprising now _____ beautiful girl can make so heinous crime.
A. such B. so C. a such D. such a
18. These are _____ ugly chairs _____ I am going to give them away.
A. so / that B. such / that C. so many / that D. so much / that
19. She is _____ kind that everybody loves her.
A. such B. such a C. so D. so a
20. We have _____ in the house, so we needn't go shopping tomorrow.
A. enough food B. food enough C. too food D. food too
21. The day was _____ that we had a shower four times a day.
A. such a hot B. so hot C. very hot D. hot
22. It was _____ that I couldn't eat it.
A. such a hard cake B. such hard cake C. so a hard cake D. so hard cake
23. He is _____ a busy man that he really needs a helper.
A. so B. such C. very D. quite
24. It was _____ that we went for a picnic in the countryside.
A. so nice a day B. such nice day C. so nice day D. such a nice
day
25. My mathematics teacher is _____ person that all of us like his period.
A. a such funny B. a so funny C. such funny D. such a funny
26. That old woman is _____ deaf to hear what her children say.
A. so B. enough C. too D. not
27. He was _____ terrified to move.

40
 A. enough B. very C. too D. so
28. -"Was the boy upset about his bad marks?" -"Yes, he was _____ upset that he cried about it afterwards."
A. very B. so C. such D. too
29. She hasn't got _____ to buy a car.
A. enough money B. money enough C. so many money D. so much
money
30. Peter doesn't like scuba-diving. _____ does his brother.
A. Too B. Neither C. Either D. So
31. There are _____________ that I can not do it
A. so many things B. nobody has so many C. so many things are on me D. such many
things
32. The school boys are in a hurry _____________ be late for school.
A. so as to B. in order not to C. in order that D. for
33. He was_____ tired that he slept all day.
A. such B. too C. so D. very
34. "Wendy is really tall for her age". "She is ____________ her friends make fun of her".
A. so tall that B. such tall that C. too tall that D. enough tall
to
35. "Here, I brought you some flowers from my garden". "Thank you. They're_____________ beautiful flowers".
A. so B. as C. such D. too
36. Mary hurried, ................she was late.
A. because of B. because C. despite D. although
37. We can’t listen to the music, ....................the noise from the next room.
A. because of B. because C. despite D. although
38. .......................he has started many times, the engine couldn’t start.
A. because of B. because C. despite D. although
39. ....................their lateness, their teacher let them stand outside the classroom.
A. because of B. because C. despite D. although
40. Mary learns English well, .....................she often pratices it regularly.
A. because of B. because C. despite D. although
41. They lose the way back to their hotel, ......................having forgotten the map of the city at their room.
A. because of B. because C. despite D. although
42. ..............the daughter sickness, they decides to delay their holiday.
A. because of B. because C. despite D. although
43. Lien’s parents felt unhappy, ...............her failure at the exam.
A. because of B. because C. despite D. although
44. He is a very intelligent boy, _______he is very lazy
A. but B. and C. or D. so
45. _______I moved house, I haven’t had much contact with those friends
A. Though B. Since C. Because of D. So that
46. Last night we came to the show late _______the traffic was terrible.
A. although B. despite C. and D. because
47. _______there is a lot of noise in the city, I prefer living there.
A. despite B. in spite of C. because of D. though
48. ______________ extremely bad weather in the mountains, we’re no longer considering our skiing trip.
A. Due to B. Despite C. Because D. Although
49. _______ he likes chocolate, he tries not to eat it.
A. As B .Though C. Since D. Despite
50. _______ the history of the United States is not long, it is interesting.
A. Although B. Despite C. Because D. Due to
Exercise 2: Find out the mistake and correct it
1. (A) In my opinion that girl is (B) enough beautiful (C) to be a movie (D) star.
2. The (A) specific gravity of the water in the great Salt Lake is (B) too great that one cannot sink or (C)
completely (D) submerge in it.
3. This lesson (A) is (B) such long (C) that I (D) have written it for 30 minutes.
4. The pull (A) of the earth is (B) too strong (C) that no one can (D) jump as high as three meters
5. It (A) was (B) so an interesting film (C) that my mother (D) had seen it three times.
6. Mary is (A) so an intelligent (B) pupil (C) that she (D) can answer this question.
7. The woman was (A) so (B) surprised that she couldn’t (C) say (D) nothing.
8. (A) Despite the time of the year, (B) yesterday’s temperature was (C) enough hot (D) to turn on the air
conditioning.
41
9. I was (A) such nervous that I (B) didn’t think I (C) would pass the (D) exams.
10. The problems (A) of pollution (B) are too difficult (C) for us (D) to solving.
11. His father (A) was (B) so poor (C) to send him to (D) school.
12. This (A) refrigerator is (B) very old (C) to keep things (D) at a proper temperature.
13. She is (A) such good (B) at mathematics (C) that everyone (D) admires her.
14. George is not (A) enough intelligent to (B) pass (C) this (D) mathematics class.
15. The novel was (A) such interesting (B) that I had (C) read it (D) all night.
16. He (A) was tired (B) that he (C) couldn’t (D) continue his work.
17. It was (A) so a (B) funny film (C) that I burst out (D) laughing.
18. (A) His TOEFL score (B) was (C) enough high to be (D) accepted.
19. It was (A) so an (B) exciting novel (C) that I do not want to (D) stop reading it.
20. (A) The woman was (B) too old (C) that she (D) could not run.
21. These televisions (A) are all (B) too expensive for (C) we to buy at (D) this time.
22. Mi has (A) such many things (B) to do that she (C) has no time (D) to go out.
23. My brother (A) is too (B) young (C) not to do volunteer (D) work .
24. (A) These televisions were (B) so expensive for (C) us to buy (D) at that time.
25. That is (A) such an (B) interested story (C) that everybody would like (D) to read it.
26. The road is (A) very (B) slippery for (C) us to drive (D) fast.
27. (A) In the sixteenth century, (B) it was thought that a compass needle (C) pointed north (D) because
some mysterious influence of the stars.
28. She had (A) so many luggage that there (B) was not (C) enough room in the car for (D) it.
29. He (A) had (B) so a (C) difficult exercise that he couldn't do (D) it.
30. John had (A) so interesting and creative (B) plans that everyone (C) wanted to work (D) with him.
31. (A) Despite cats cannot see in complete darkness, (B) their eyes are (C) much more sensitive (D) to light
than human’s eyes.
32. Snakes birds were not (A) given their name because (B) they eat snakes, (C) but (D) because of their
long, slender necks resemble snakes.
33. (A) Because of cheese is (B) essentially a (C) concentrated form of milk, it contains (D) the same
nutrients as milk.
34. (A) In spite of (B) their (C) frightening appearance, the squid is shy and completely (D) harmless.
35. Even (A) although he is best (B) remembered as a writer, Walt Whitman was (C) also a (D) newspaper
publisher, teacher, and farmer.
Exercise 3: Choose the sentence which is closest in meaning to the given one
1. We couldn’t go out because the weather was so bad.
A. It was so bad a weather that we couldn’t go out. B. It was such a bad weather that we couldn’t go out.
C. It was so bad weather that we couldn’t go out. D. It was such bad weather that we couldn’t go out.
2. She was so busy that she couldn’t answer the phone.
A. She was very busy that she couldn’t answer the phone. B. She was too busy to answer the phone.
C. She was very busy so that she couldn’t answer the phone D. She was too busy not to answer the phone.
3. The coffee was too hot for me to drink.
A. The coffee is so hot that I can’t drink it B. The coffee is so hot that I can’t drink.
C. The coffee was so hot that I couldn’t drink it. D. The coffee was so hot that I could drink it.
4. Tim is too young to drive a car.
A. Tim is not old enough to drive a car. B. Tim is not young enough to drive a car.
C. Tim is old enough to drive a car. D. Tim is so old that he can drive a car.
5. It was such a boring speech that we began to yawn.
A. The speech was very boring that we began to yawn. B. It was so a boring speech that we began to yawn.
C. The speech was too boring that we began to yawn. D. The speech was so boring that we began to yawn.
6. It was so late that nothing could be done.
A. It was too late for nothing to be done. B. It was too late for anything to be done.
C. It was such late that nothing could be done. D. It was so late that nothing to be done.
7. This is the first time I have lived in such a friendly neighborhood.
A. I have lived in such a friendly neighborhood before. B. I haven’t lived in such a friendly neighborhood
before.
C. I had lived in such a friendly neighborhood before. D. I hadn’t lived in such a friendly neighborhood
before.
8. The test was so difficult that we couldn’t finish it in two hours.
A. It was such a difficult test that we couldn’t finish it in two hours.
B. The test was too difficult for us to finish it in two hours.
C. The test was not difficult enough for us to finish in two hours.
D. The test was too difficult for us to finish it in two hour.
42
LESSON 5:
COMPARISON – CẤU TRÚC SO SÁNH
1. So sánh bằng: as / so + adj / adv + as
2. So sánh không bằng: not + so/ as +adj/ adv+ as
3. So sánh hơn
a. Tính từ / trạ ng từ ngắ n ( là tính từ 1 vầ n hoặ c 2 vầ n tậ n cù ng là : y , ow , er , le)
adj/ adv + er + than
b. Tính từ / trạ ng từ dà i : ( là tính từ có hai vầ n trở lên )
more + adj / adv + than
4. So sánh nhất
a. Tính từ / trạ ng từ ngắ n the + adj + est + (N)
b. Tính từ / trạ ng từ dài: the most + adj + (N)
5. So sánh kép trong bản thân một sự vật, hiện tượng (càng… càng…)
a. Tính từ / trạ ng từ ngắ n
adj + er and + adj + er
b. Tính từ / trạ ng từ dài:
more and more + adj
6/. So sánh kép liên quan đến hai hay nhiều sự vật, hiện tượng
a. Tính từ / trạ ng từ ngắ n
The + adj + er S + V, the + adj + er S + V
b. Tính từ / trạ ng từ dài:
The more + adj S + V , the more + adj S + V
c. Noun : The more + N + S + V , the more + N + S + V
d. Verb :
The more + S + V , the more + S + V
7/. So sánh cấp (gấp bao nhiêu lần)
Twice
number + times + as much as
8/. Bảng so sánh tính/ trạng từ
Adj/ Adv Comparative superlative
Tính từ kết thú c bằ ng phụ â m + y Bỏ “y” + “ier” Bỏ “y” + “iest”
Eg: pretty prettier The prettiest
Trạ ng từ / tính từ dài Thêm “more” ở trướ c Thêm “the most” ở trướ c
Eg: slowly More slowly The most slowly
beautiful More beautiful The most beautiful
Có 1 â m tiết, kết thú c bằ ng 1 nguyên Gấ p đô i phụ âm cuố i + “er” Gấ p đô i phụ â m cuố i + “est”
â m + 1 phụ âm
Eg: hot hotter The hottest
Kết thú c bằ ng phụ âm + e Thêm “r” Thêm “st”
Eg: nice nicer The nicest
* Các dạng đặc biệt:
No Equal degree Comparative Superlative Meaning
1. bad/badly/ ill worse worst Tồ i, dở / ố m yếu
2. good/ well better best Tố t, giỏ i
3. much more most Nhiều
4. little less least Ít
5. far farther/ further farthest/ furthest Xa (distance) / Rộ ng (range)
6. old older/ elder oldest/ eldest Già, cũ (for all)/ (brother/ sister)
7 narrow narrower narrowest Hẹp
* Note: 1/ So sá nh cấ p.
E.g: Her husband is twice as old as she (is).
2/ Dù ng: much, a lot, far, slightly, a bit, no, any, ... trướ c so sá nh hơn để nhấ n mạ nh.
E.g: Her husband is much/ far/ a lot/... older than her.

43
 PRACTICE - COMPARATIVES
Choose the best answer
1. The more she smiles , ................ she becomes.
A. more graceful B. the most graceful C. most graceful D. the more graceful
2. Hotels have developed …………………… restaurants.
A. as rapidly as B. so rapidly as C. as rapid as D. more rapid
3. Can Tho bridge is the …………………… one in the South of Viet Nam.
A. long B. shortest C. longest D. longer
4. Albert Einstein’s contributions to scientific theory were ................ those of Galileo and Newton.
A. important than B. more important C. the most important D. as important as
5. Impalas cannot move as ................ cheetahs but they are more efficient runners.
A. faster than B. fast as C. fast D. are fast as
6. Both are informative articles, but this one is ................ .
A. best B. the best C. most D. better
7. She is the .………… girl in our town.
A. more beautiful B. beauty C. most beautiful D. more beautifully
8. The harder you learn.............
A. The better is your English B. The better will be your English
C. The better becomes your English D. The better your English will be
9. Jim is the ................. in his class.
A. clever B. cleverest C. cleverer D. more clever
10. Of the two shirts, this one is ...................
A. the prettiest B. the most pretty C. prettier D. the prettier
11. Your house is ................. mine.
A. as bigger as B. many times as big as C. much big as D. not many times big
12. Last year it wasn’t as cold as this year.
A. This year it is as colder than last year. B. This year it is colder than last year.
C. This year it isn’t as cold as last year. D. This year it isn’t colder than last year.
13. She is older than me.
A. I’m more younger than her. B. I’m as younger as her.
C. I’m more young than her. D. I’m younger than her.
14. The test is not …………………
A. as difficult as it was last month. B. so difficult as it was last month
C. more difficult as it was last month. D. Both A & B are correct
15. The Nile River is ………………… of all.
A. longer B. the longest C. long D. longest
16. .................. we read, .................. we know.
A. The most/ the most B. The more/ the more C. Most/ most D. More/ more
17. It gets ................... Let’s go swimming.
A. hot and hot B. the more hot C. more and more hot D. hotter and hotter
18. Peter usually drives .................. Mary.
A. more fast B. more fast than C. more fast D. faster than
19. The problem seems to be ..................
A. more serious B. more serious than C. more serious as D. more and more serious
20. Peter can not earn .................. his wife.
A. as many money as B. as much money as C. as many money than D. as much money than
21. Prices get ..................
A. high and high B. highest and highest C. more and more high D. higher and higher
22. The more manufacturers advise, .................. they sell.
A. the most products B. the products more C. the more products D. most products
23. ................. a car is ................. it is.
A. The more expensive/ the comfortabler B. The most expensive/ the most comfortable
C. The more expensive/ the more comfortable D. The less expensive/ the more comfortable
24. Of the five students. Mary is .................
A. more intelligent B. the more intelligent C. most intelligent D. the most intelligent
25. Steel is ................ than wood.
A. more heavy B. as heavy C. heavier D. more heavier
26. A super market is …………………… a shopping center.
A. less convenient as B. less convenient than C. not so convenient than D. the most convenient
as

44
27. Viet Nam becomes …………………… to foreign tourists.
A. more and most attractive B. the more attractive
C. much and more attractive D. more and more attractive
28. This car is …………………… than mine.
A. less expensive B. as expensive C. expensive D. not so expensive
29. Tim’s grades are …………………… than John.
A. worse B. worst C. as bad D. so bad
30. The …………………… we start, the sooner we will be back.
A. early B. earliest C. earlier D. more early
Write the correct form of verb in the bracket
1. I do not speak English (well)........................................as Minh.
2. Life in a countryside is (quiet) ........................................than in a city.
3. Which of these two pupils studies (hard) ........................................?
4. I have a (little) .................................time for listening to the music than my husband.
5. He runs (fast) ........................................as his brother.
6. Which one is (high) ........................................, the building or the house?
7. There are (few) ........................................boys than girls in my class.
8. She is my (old) ........................................sister.
9. Could you speak (slowly) ........................................, please?
10. This street is (busy) ........................................of all.
11. They go to the movies (frequently) ........................................than their friends.
12. Which is (good) ........................................novel on the shelf?
13. The "Times" is (important) ........................................newspaper in the city.
14. Alice knows the teacher (well) ........................................than I do.
15. Nam has (much) ........................................money than Tan.
16. It is (boring) ........................................film I've ever seen.
17. He speaks English (well) ........................................of all.
18. The last story wasn't (interesting) ........................................as the other.
19. Who is (beautiful) ........................................ in your class?
20. It is a little (warm) ........................................today than it was yesterday.
21. He is one of (boring) ........................................person I've ever met.
22. Gold is (precious)........................................than iron.
23. The Pacific is (large)........................................ocean in the world.
24. Ho Chi Minh City is the (large)........................................city in Vietnam.
25. Going on a trip is (interesting) ........................................than staying at home.
26. Who is (good)........................................, Minh or Nam?
27. Jack is big, but Fred is (big)........................................
28. This exercise seems the (difficult).......................................in the book.
29. Today, it is not as (cold)........................................it was yesterday.
30. Ann is pretty, but my uncle thinks her sister is (pretty)........................................
31. They spent (little)........................................money than they did last year.
32. Jane is (clever)........................................as Arthur.
33. That movie was (interesting)........................................than the one on television.
34. We've (little)........................................time than I thought.
35. The life here is (busy)........................................as the city life.
36. The newcomer gets into the game (quickly)........................................as we do.
37. Lan is (clever)..................................and (pretty)...................................than Lien.
38. You're standing too (near).......................the camera. Can you move a bit
(far).............................away.
39. Mary has (many)........................................books as Sue.
40. The city centre was (crowded)......................................that morning as it usaully is.
41. That was the (big)........................................farm I've ever visited.
42. Who among these milkmaids works (good)........................................?
43. You look (thin)........................................ Have you lost weight?
44. Health and happiness are (important)........................................than money.
45. I've seen many thrilling films but it's (thrilling)........................................
46. This old machine is (powerful)........................................than I thought.
47. He dances the (beautifully).......................................in the village.
45
 48. The farmers have never had a (rich)........................................harvest than that.
49. Which is (difficult)........................................, English or Maths?
50. The lessons are (interesting)............................... and (boring).................................. than some
years ago.
51. He is one of (boring)........................................person I've ever met.
52. Ann works (hard)........................................than most of her friends.
53. Please, don't go by plane. It's much (expensive)........................................than going by train.
54. This flat is too (small).....................for two people. We need something much
(big)...........................
55. There were only four of five passengers on the bus yesterday. It was
(crowded) ........................................than usaul.
56. I am going to sleep on the floor. It's just (comfortable)......................................as sleeping in that
bed.
57. We were lucky to have one of (nice)........................................room in the hotel.
58. * The suitcase seemed to get (heavy).............................as I carried it along the road.
59. What is (long)........................................river in the world?
60. This watch is too (expensive)........................................ Have you got a
(cheap) .........................one?
61. It was one of (bad)........................................experiences in my life.
62. The sitting room is (light)....................and (comfortable)................................. than the dinning-
room.
63. * The football match became (exciting, and exciting) .................................................
64. Of the four ties, I like the red one (well) ........................................
65. Today English is (international) ........................................of languages.
66. John is much (strong) ........................................than I thought.
67. Dick is the (careful)........................................of the three workers.
68. Sam's conduct is (bad)........................................than Paul's.
69. The teacher speaks English (fluently)........................................than we do.
70. These boys are (ill-prepared)........................................for employment than my children.
71. These shoes are (little)........................................expensive of all.
72. He speaks English much (rapidly)........................................than he does Spanish.
73. Mary is (thin) ........................................of the three sisters.
74. Harry's watch is far (expensive) ........................................than mine.
75. Of the three boys, Harry is the (badly-bred)........................................
76. * Thanks to the progress of science, human life is (good)...............and (good) ...............
77. * Bill is (lazy)........................................and (lazy)........................................
78. * Her story was (attractive)........................and (attractive) ........................................
79. * She becomes (beautiful)...........................and (beaytiful) ........................................
80. * Dear Kate,
Dave and I are having the (1-good).....................................holiday of our lives! We are in
Barbados, one of the (2-lovely).................................... It is much (3-small) .................................than
Jamaica, but there seems to be (4-much)............................ to do than in Jamaica. The people here
seem to be (5-friendly)........................................ than those on other islands. We are staying in the
(6-modern)........................................ hotel I've ever seen. It's large and cool, and many people think
it's (7-good) ...............................hotel on the island. It's far (8-comfortable)........................................
than any of the other hotels, and it's even (9-big).......................than the world famous Belton Hotel.
The (10-near) ..........................beach is (11-little) .............................than a hundred metres away, and
so we can go swimming a lot. It's really (12-good), and I do wish you were here.
Love,
Mike
Rewrite the sentence, using comparatives
1. Minh is taller than Nam.
 Nam................................................................................................................................
2. Nobody in the class is as tal as Huy.
 Huy.................................................................................................................................
3. Jane cooks better than her sister.

46
  Jane's sister....................................................................................................................
4. Tom is the best football player in this team.
 Nobody in this team.......................................................................................................
5. Jack is younger than he looks.
 Jack isn't.........................................................................................................................
6. I don't spend as much money as you.
 You................................................................................................................................
7. Nothing is faster than the speed of light.
 The speed of light..........................................................................................................
8. His job isn't as difficult as hers.
 Her job is......................................................................................................................
9. Yesterday the temperature was nine degrees. Today it’s only six degrees.
 It’s …………………………………………………………………………………….
10. The journey takes four hours by car and five hours by train.
 It takes…………………………………………………………………………………
11. We were very busy at work today. We are not as busy as that every day.
 We……………………………………………………………………………………..
12. Jane cooks better than her sister.
 Jane’s sister…………………………………………………………………………….
13. Tom is the best football player in this team.
 Nobody in this team……………………………………………………………………
14. He learns more. He becomes smarter.
 ………………………………………………………………………………………….
15. The wind is strong. The rain is big.
 ………………………………………………………………………………………….
16. He reads a lot. He knows a lot.
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
17. She eats a lot. She becomes fat.
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
18. He plays video games a lot, He is stupid.
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
19. She sleeps a lot. She becomes lazy.
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
20. We know more about the environment, we can protect it better.
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
21. This is the most delicious cake I’ve ever tasted.
I’ve…………………………………………………………………………………………
22. I’ve never met any more dependable person than George.
George is…………………………………………………………………………………...
23. There isn’t anybody as kind-hearted as your mother.
Your mother is ……………………………………………………………………………..

47
48
LESSON 6: REPORTED SPEECH
A. STATEMENTS: How to change direct speech into reported speech:
Form:
S + said (that) + S + V
S + told + O (that) + S + V
1. Pronouns, possessive adjectives:
Subject Object Possessive Adjective Possessive Pronoun
I me my mine
You you your yours
He him his his
She her her hers
It it its its
We us our ours
You you your yours
They them their theirs
2. Verb tense: lùi thì (khi động từ tường thuật trong quá khứ)
3. Adverbs of time & place:
Direct speech Reported speech
This That
These Those
Here There
Now Then
Today That day
Yesterday The day before / the previous day
Tomorrow The day after / the following day / the next day
Ago Before
This week That week
Last week The week before / the previous week
Next week The week after / the following week / the next week
@ Notes:
 Nếu động từ tường thuật ở hiện tại, không lùi thì
Ex: The farmer says, “I hope it will rain tomorrow.”
The farmer says that he hopes it will rain tomorrow.
She says, “I’m tired now.”
She says that she is tired now.
 Neáu ñoäng töø ôû meänh ñeà chính ôû thì quaù khöù ñôn, ta phaûi ñoåi thì, ñaïi töø, töø vaø
cuïm töø chæ thôøi gian, nôi choán trong lôøi trích daãn.
Ex: Judy said, “I will phone you tomorrow.”
Judy told me (that) she would phone me the day after.
B. COMMANDS:
Form:
S + told / asked + O + (not) to V
Ex: “Hurry up, Lan” => He told Lan to hurry up.
“Don’t make noise in class, please!” => The teacher asked them not to make noise in class.
C. QUESTIONS:
Form:
wh- + S + V
S + asked + O
if / whether + S + V
1. Wh-Questions:
Ex: “What time does the film begin?”
He asked me what time the film began.
2. Yes-No Questions:
Ex: “Have you seen that film?”
He asked me if I had seen that film.

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 PRACTICE – REPORTED SPEECH
1. Nam said “I am told to be at school before 7 o’clock”
……………………………………...………………………………………………………………………
2. Thu said “All the students will have a meeting next week”
…………………………………………….………………………………………………………………
3. Phong said “My parents are very proud of my good marks”
…………………………………………………………………..…………………………………………
4. The teacher said “All the homework must be done carefully”
…………………………………………….………………………………………………………………
5. Her father said to her “You can go to the movie with your friend”
………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………
6. Hoa said “I may visit my parents in the summer”
………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………
7. The teacher said “We can collect old book for the poor students”
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. She said “She doesn’t buy this book”
…………………………………………….………………………………………………………………
9. The boys said “We have to try our best to win the match”
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. Her classmate said “Lan is the most intelligent girl in our class”
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
11. They told us “Our friends will get the award for their highest scores”
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
12. He said “I will go to school by bus tomorrow”
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
13. Phong said “I need to learn more vocabulary”
…………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………
14. His brother told him “You can use my computer today”
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
15. Mai said “I can not go to the movies with you, Nam”
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
EXERCISES (REPORTED SPEECH: YES/NO QUESTIONS)
1. “Do you enjoy reading?” Phong asked Peter
….…………………………………………………………………………….
2. “Does she like sports?” Hoa asked Lan
…..…………………………………………………………………………….
3. “Do your sister and brother go to the same school?” She asked Nam
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
4. “Are there some oranges in the fridge?” She asked her mom
……………………………………….……………………………………………………………………
5. “Will it rain tomorrow morning?” He asked his friend
…………………………………………..…………………………………………………………………
6. “Did you go to Hue three years ago?” Tam asked Peter
………………………………………..……………………………………………………………………
7. “Are Tam and Hoa late for class?” Tuan asked Lan
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. She said to me “Can you speak Chinese?”
……………………………………..………………………………………………………………………
9. “Will she be here for five days?” Tam asked Thu
…………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………
10. “Were you reading this book at 8 o’clock last Sunday?” She asked Ba
…………………………………………………………….………………………………………………
EXERCISES (REPORTED SPEECH: WH-QUESTIONS)
1. “Where does your father work?” The teacher asked me
………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………
2. “How many people are there in your family?” She asked Lan
…………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………
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3. Tam’s friend asked him “How long will you stay in England?”
…………………………………………………….………………………………………………………
4. “Are there some oranges in the fridge?” She asked her mom
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. The teacher said to Lien “What‘s your hobby?”
…………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………
6. “How do you go to the airport?” His friend asked him
……………………………………………….……………………………………………………………
7. “How much does this dress cost?” Lan asked Lien
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. Ba asked Tam “How often do you wash your clothes?”
……………………………………………………….……………………………………………………
9. “When will your father leave Vietnam for the USA?” Phong asked Thu
…………………………………………………………….………………………………………………
10. “How many books do the students need?” The librarian asked myteacher
…………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………
Reported speech with to infinitive
1. She said to him: “give me another glass of wine”.
………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………
2. She said to me: “bring me a book”.
………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………
3. Mother said to him: “open the window please!”.
………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………
4. He said to me: “shut the door after you”.
………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………
5. The captain said to them: “wait here still I come back”.
………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………
6. She told her: “take it and come with me”.
………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………
7. He said to me: “don’t come back before one o’clock”.
………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………
8. My mother told me: “don’t forget to look at the door”.
………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………
9. He said to his brother: “don’t open the window, open the door”.
………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………
10. He said to the girl: “don’t sit on my bed, sit on this chair please!”.
………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………
11. "Stop talking, Joe," the teacher said.→ The teacher told Joe
………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………
12. "Be patient," she said to him.→ She told him
………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………
13. "Go to your room," her father said to her.→ Her father told her
………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………
14. "Hurry up," she said to us.→ She told us
………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………
15. "Give me the key," he told her.→ He asked her

51
Lesson 7: PREPOSITIONS
I. PREPOSITIONS OF TIME:
 On
On Sunday (morning) / 25th April / New Year’s Day
On holiday / business / duty / a trip / an excursion / fire / sale / a diet
 In
In April / 1980
In summer / spring / autumn / winter
In five minutes / a few days / two years
In the morning / afternoon / evening
 At
At 8 o’clock / the weekend / night / Christmas
At the end of ... / at the age of
 From...to...
From 1977 to 1985
 Since
Since 1985 / Monday / 2 o’clock
 For
For three days / a long time / one hour.
II. PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE:
 On
On a table / a wall / a bus / a train / a plane / the floor / a horse / television / the radio /
the telephone
 In
In a garden / a park / a town / the water / my office / hospital / a car
In the middle of...
 At
At home / work / school / university / the station / the airport / a concert / a party / a
football match
At 10 Pasteur Street
 By
By car / bus / plane (on foot)
By accident / chance
 For
For a walk / a swim / a drink
For breakfast / lunch / dinner
IV. VERB + PREP:
1. VERB + TO 2. VERB + FOR 3. VERB + ABOUT
- apologize to sb for sth - apply for - care about
- belong to - care for - dream about sb / sth
- complain to sb about sb / sth - pay for - think about
- happen to - look for - hear about: be told about
- introduce to - wait for - warn ... about
- listen to - blame ... for
- speak / talk to sb - leave ... for
- write to - search ... for
- prefer ... to ... - ask ... for
- explain ... to ...
- invite ... to ...
4. VERB + ON 5. VERB + OF 6. VERB + AT
- concentrate on / focus on - consist of - laugh at / smile at
- depend on / rely on - die of - shout at
- live on - take care of - look at / stare at / glance at
- congratulate ... on - accuse ... of - point at / aim at
- spend ... on - remind ... of
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7. VERB + IN 8. VERB + WITH 9. VERB + FROM
- succeed in - provide ... with - suffer ... from / borrow ... from
- arrive in / at - charge ... with - save / protect / prevent ... from
V. ADJECTIVE + PREP:
1. ADJ + TO 2. ADJ + FOR 3. ADJ + ABOUT
- accustomed to - available for - angry about
- addicted to - responsible for - anxious about
- harmful to - famous for - worried about
- similar to / agreeable to - late for - excited about
4. ADJ + ON 5. ADJ + OF 6. ADJ + AT
- keen on - afraid of / full of - surprised at
- dependent on - aware of / tired of - quick at
- ashamed of - bad / good at
- capable of - brilliant at
7. ADJ + IN 8. ADJ + WITH 9. ADJ + FROM
- confident in - equipped with - different from
- successful in - bored with - absent from
- interested in - busy with - safe from
- rich in - acquainted with

53
LESSON 8: SOME STRUCTURES
1. Quá đến nỗi mà

S + be + too + adj + (for O) to V

Ex: He is too short to play basketball.

2. Đủ
S + be + adj + enough + (for O) to V

Ex: She isn’t old enough to drive a car.

3. quá đến nỗi mà

S + be + so + adj + that + S + V
S + be + such + (a/ an) + adj + N + that + S + V

Ex: The question is so difficult that nobody can answer it.

It is such a difficult question that nobody can answer it.

S + V + so + many / few + Nđđsn + that + S + V

S + V + so + much / little + Nkđđ + that + S + V
S + V + so + adj + a + Nđđ số ít + that + S + V

Ex: The Smiths had so many children that they formed their own baseball team.
He has invested so much money in the project that he can’t abandon it now.
It was so hot a day that we decided to stay indoors.
(= It was such a hot day that we decided to stay indoors.)
4. Làm gì với ai làm sao
To V/ V-ing + is/ was + adj (for O)
It + is/ was + adj (for O) + to V
S + find + it + adj + to V

Ex: Learning English is difficult.

It is difficult to learn English.
I find it difficult to learn English.
5. Mất bao lâu để làm gì

It takes / took + O + time + to V

S + spend / spent + time + V-ing

Ex: It took her fifteen minutes to clean the floor.

She spent fifteen minutes cleaning the floor.
6. Để (mục đích)
to V
S + V + in order + to V
so as + to V
S + V + so that + S + V
in order that

Ex: I try to study to pass my next exam.

54
 I try to study so that I can pass the exam.

7. Bắt đầu làm gì từ

S + began / started + to V / V-ing ...

S + has / have been + V-ing + since / for...

It’s + time (khoảng thời gian) + since + S + V2/ed

Ex: My mother began cooking for the party an hour ago.

My mother has been cooking for the party for an hour.
It’s an hour since my mother cooked for the party.

8.
S + V (present perfect) … + time

It is + time … + since + S + V2/ed

Ex: I haven’t seen my father for one month.

It is one month since I last saw my father.

9. Đây là lần…
S + have / has not + V 3/ed

It is the first time + S + have / has + V 3/ed

Ex: I haven’t seen that man here before.

It’s the first time I have seen that man here.

10.
S + have / has not + V 3/ed … since (for)

S + last + V (past) … when …

The last time + clause + was …

Ex: I haven’t heard him since August.

The last time I heard him was in August.
I haven’t seen him since I was a student.
I last saw him when I was a student.

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LESSON 9: SPEAKING
@ WH - QUESTIONS:

INTERROGATIVE WORDS MEANINGS EXAMPLES

- What do you study English for?
What … for? - hỏi mục đích
o To get a good job.
- What is the weather like?
What + be + like? - như thế nào
o It’s sunny.
- What does he look like?
What + … + look like? - hỏi ngoại hình
o He’s tall and thin with blue eyes.
- What time is it?
What time / color / kind...? - hỏi giờ, màu sắc, loại
o It’s 7 o’clock.
- Which do you prefer, coffee or tea?
Which…? - lựa chọn
o Coffee.
- như thế nào / phương - How do you go to school?
How…?
tiện / cách thức o By bicycle.

How much / many …? - bao nhiêu - How many people are there in your family?
o Four people.
How old …? - bao nhiêu tuổi - How old are you?
o I’m 18 years old.
How far…? - bao xa - How far is it from here to the post office?
o Two kilometres.
How long…? - bao lâu - How long does it take you to go to school?
o 25 minutes.
How often…? - thường xuyên - How often do you go shopping?
o Twice a month.
- Why do you study English?
Why…? - tại sao o Because I want to get a good job in
the future.
- When were you born?
When…? - khi nào
o In 1993.
- Where do you live?
Where…? - ở đâu
o In Long Xuyen.
@ QUESTIONS & RESPONSES:

TOPICS QUESTIONS / EXPRESSIONS RESPONSES

1. Giới thiệu - Nice / Glad to meet you. - Nice / Glad to meet you, too.
và chào hỏi - How do you do? - How do you do?
2. Xin phép - May I go out? - Sure.

56

- Could you bring me some water?
3. Yêu cầu
- Would you mind helping me?
- Would you like to go for a walk?
- How about going to the cinema?
4. Mời và đề nghị
- Let’s go to the cinema.
- Why don’t we go to the cinema?
- What a beautiful dress you’ve got!
5. Lời khen
- How nice your house is!
6. Lời chúc - Happy New Year!
- That was nice of you. Thank you.
7. Cảm ơn - Thank you for helping me.
- I’m terribly sorry about…
8. Xin lỗi
- I’d like to apologize for…
- I’m having an English test tomorrow.
- Good news:
9. Báo tin o I’ve passed the final exam!
- Bad news:
o I have lost the job for two weeks.
- Of course.
- Sure / Of course.
- No problem.
- Yes, I’d love to.
- That sounds great!
- OK. Let’s do that.
- That’s a good idea.
- I’m glad you like it.
- Thank you for your saying so.
- That’s a nice compliment.
- It’s very kind of you to say so.
- The same to you.
- You too.
- It’s my pleasure (to help).
- Not at all. / You’re welcome.
- Don’t mention it. / Forget it.
- That’s OK / alright.
- You don’t need to apologize.
- Don’t worry about it.
- No problem / Forget it/ It’s OK.
- Good luck!
- Fantastic / That’s great!
- Congratulations!
- I’m glad to hear that.
- I’m sorry to hear that.
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 Practice - SPEAKING
1. A: “More coffee ? Anybody ?” - B: “………………….”
A. I don’t agree. I’m afraid” B. I’d love to C. Yes, please D. It’s right.I think
2. A: “ Oh, I’m really sorry” - B: “…………………”
A. It was a pleasure B. That’s all right C. Thanks D. Yes, why?
3. A: “You look nice today .I like your new hairstyle” - B: “………………………”
A. It’s nice of you to say so B. Shall I? Thanks C. Oh, Well done D. I feel interesting to
hear that
4. A: “ A motorbike knocked Ted down.” - B: “ ……………………
A. What is it now? B. Poor Ted! C. How terrific! D. What a motorbike!
5. A: “ I have bought you a toy. Happy birthday to you!” - B: “…………………”
A. The same to you B. Have a nice day! C. What a pity! D. What a lovely toy !
thanks
6. “ Peter : “ Do you feel like going to the cinema this everning ?” - Mary: “……………………………”
A.I don’t agree.I’m afraid B.You’re welcome C.That would be great D.I feel very bored
7. Laura: “ What a lovely house you have “ - Mary: “……………….”
A.Of course not, It’s not costly B. Thank you .Hope you will drop in C. I think so D. No problem
8. Hellen : “ Congratulations !” Jane : “…………….”
A.What a pity B. Thank you C. I’m sorry D.You are welcome
9. Linda : “ Excuse me ! Where ‘s the post office ?” - Maria: “…………………..”
A.It’s over there B. I’m afraid not C.Don’t worry D.Yes, I think so
10. Tom: “ How did you get there ?” - John: “ ………………”
A. Is it far from here ? B.I came here by train C.I came here last night D.The train is so
crowded
17. Alice : “ What shall we do this everning?” - Carol: “………………….”
A. Let’s go out for dinner B.No problem C.Thank you D.Not at all
11. A: “ Bye” - B: “…………..”
A.See you lately B.Thank you C.Meet you again D.See you later
12. A: “ I’ve passed my driving test” - B: “…………………..”
A.Congratulations! B.That’s agood idea C.It’s nice of you to say so D.Do you?
13. A: “ Would you like to have dinner with me ?” B: “……………….”
A.Yes, I love to B.Yes, so do I C.I’m very happy D.Yes,it is
14. A : “ How do you do ?” - B: “…………….”
A.How do you do ? B.Not too bad C.I’m well.Thank D.Yeah,OK
15. David: “ You’ ve got a beautiful dress!” Hellen: “ ………………..”
A.I do B.Thank you C.You,too D.Okay
16. Maria: “ I’m taking my end term examination tomorrow: Sarah : “………………..”
A.Good luck B.Good day C.good time D.Good chance
17. Hang: “ Thank for your help,Lan:” Lan: “ …………………..”
A.with all my heart B.Never remind me C.It’s my pleasure D.Wish you
18. What an attractive hair style you have got, Mary! - _________________.
A. Thank you very much. I am afraid C. You are telling a lie
B. Thank you for your compliment D. I don't like your sayings
19. What a lovely hat you have! – Thanks. ……………. .
A. that’s OK B. I’m glad you like it C. I don’t care D. certainly
20. A: How’s life? – B: __________________.
A. Sure B. Not too bad, but very busy C. Very well, thank you D. Pleased to meet you
21. A: “Thank you for the lovely present.” –B: “_______________”
A. Go ahead B. Not at all C. Come on D. I’m pleased you like
it
22. A: “Thank you very much” - B: …………………….
A.Not at all B.You are well come C.That’s all right D.All are correct
23. A:“You look nice in that red shirt.” - B: …………………………..
A.It’s nice of you to say so B. I’m interesting to hear that C.Oh,poor me D. Am I? Thanks
24. A: Peter had an accident.he’s been in hospital for 5 days” B: ……………………………
A. Poor it B. Poor him C. How terrific D. Oh, Is he?
25. A: “Happy birthday! This is a small present for you” - B:………………………….
A.What a pity B.How beautiful it is ! Thanks C.Have a good time D.How terrble!
26.A: “ Thank you for a lovely evening.” - B: …………………………..
A.You are welcome B.Have a good day C.Thanks D.Cheer

58