COLLEGE OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF URBAN LAND DEVELOPMENT AND

MANAGEMENT

Course: Real property registration and LIS (ULDM6042)

An article review on:

An evaluation framework for urban cadastral system policy in Ethiopia

(By Solomon Dargie Chekole , Walter Timo de Vries and Gebeyehu Belay Shibeshi)

Reviewed By
Merihun Tekle
ID№: ECSU2201565

Submitted To: Mr. Andualem

Jan 2023
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Table of Contents
I. Bibliography
1. Introduction...........................................................................................................................2
2. Objective................................................................................................................................3
3. Methodology employed.........................................................................................................4
4. Theoretical Framework: An Evaluation Framework.............................................................4
5. Findings of study...................................................................................................................5
6.1 In terms of urban cadastral system policy of Ethiopia.........................................................5
6.2 In terms of an evaluation framework for urban cadastral system policy.............................5
6.3 In terms of Urban Cadastral System Policy Evaluation Aspects.........................................5
6. Strength..................................................................................................................................6
7. Weakness...............................................................................................................................6
8. Summary................................................................................................................................6
9. Implication.............................................................................................................................1
10. Conclusion of study..............................................................................................................1
References..................................................................................................................................1
I. Bibliography
Solomon Dargie Chekole, Walter Timo de Vries, and Gebeyehu Belay Shibeshi are senior
instructors. The researchers worked on an evaluation framework for urban cadastral system
policy in Ethiopia with the collaboration of institutions/fund supporters: the German
Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) funded this research. The APC was funded by DAAD.

1. Introduction
The most important resource on earth, from which humanity obtains nearly all of its
necessities, is land. Land administration requires a lot of work, and cadastral systems are just
one example of this worldwide development (Dale & McLaughlin, 1988).

For a long time, the United Nations and groups like the International Federation of Surveyors
(FIG) have conducted studies to comprehend and characterize land administration systems,
especially the cadastral system component (Ting & Williamson, 2001).

A cadastral system is a formal sub-system of land administration consisting of an

organizational system, procedures, and regulations that work together to ensure the cadastral
system is kept current. It is a form of organization that primarily refers to the activities
carried out by a cadastral organization. (DeVries, 2018). In this context, the term "urban
cadastral system" refers to a cadastral system in a region with dense human habitation and built-
environment infrastructure.
Urban cadastral systems are very beneficial for producing and disseminating thorough data
during land administration and management procedures, and this may be viewed as a
cornerstone for effective operations in any state (Dawidowicz & Zr ´ óbek, 2018). The
management and administration of land tenure, valuation, use, and development make up the
core of land administration. This is accomplished through a cadastral system. Cadastral
systems are characterized as the heart of any land administration system by the land
management paradigm of Enemark (Enemark, 2005), which is depicted in Figure 1. This
paradigm contends that cadastral systems support any nation's capacity.

Cadastral systems serve a range of functions rather than being an end in and of itself. Land
tenure, land use, and land value administration are made easier by cadastral systems (i.e.,
both information management and regulatory processes) (Enemark, 2005).
 Social stability
Economic growth
Efficient land market
Security of tenure and investments

Land tenure
Land rights
Legal means

Cadastral
System

Land value Land use

Valuation, taxation fiscal means Planning control
Environmental means

Collateral and tax basis financial services public services Land development resource management
Environmental sustainability

Figure 1. The nexus among cadastral system, land use, land value, and land tenure

Land tenure is linked to cadastral systems, which are becoming increasingly popular due to
their role as a component of a country's spatial data infrastructure. These systems support
sustainable development and ensure land usage is managed sustainably (Rajabifard, 2019).

Evaluate existing cadastral systems to identify potential areas for improvement and assess
future challenges. Recent development has shown an interest in using evaluation and
performance indicators to evaluate the results of national land-related projects and initiatives.
Systems for performance evaluation are not new, with many approaches and frameworks
already in place (Tony, Chris, Kevin, Anne-Marie, & Kate, 2019).

2. Objective
The goal of this study is to create a framework with a set of best practices and associated
indicators that can assess the effectiveness of Ethiopia's urban cadastral system policy in
order to conduct an objective, systematic evaluation of the system. Which indicators can be
used to test and evaluate the Ethiopian urban cadastral system at the policy level, according to
the research's stated goal? Therefore, the main purpose of assessing the cadastral system's
performance at the policy level is to provide policymakers, practitioners, and stakeholders
with information on how well the cadastral system initiatives are doing in terms of
accomplishing their intended goals.

3. Methodology employed
In this study, a case study, a desk survey of the worldwide literature, and an examination of
Ethiopian document data. The desk review was informed by secondary data sources such
books, journals, and conference proceedings.

Seven fabrics and models could be set up in the collection that were useful and material. All

of these make up the EFQM Excellence Model (EFQM, 2012), the Land Governance
Assessment Framework(Gebrewold, 2019), the Land Administration Evaluation Framework
(Steudler, 2014), the Land Administration Evaluation system(Shibeshi, G.B.; Fuchs, H.;
Mansberger, R., 2015), Cadastre 2014 (Steudler, 2014), the Cadastral template (Rajabifard,
Daniel, & Ian, 2016) and The 2030 Agenda for SDG (UN, 2019).

Case study methodology was the second research approach adopted. This was applied in
order to determine how dependent or independent the framework would be on its setting.
Purposive sampling was used to pick respondents with the justification that the study subject
calls for specialized knowledge of the cadastral system. Eight out of ten sub-cities (Yeka,
Bole, Addis Ketema, Lafto, Lideta, Kolfe, Gulelle, and Kirkos) were chosen for semi-
structured interviews because they were making good performance progress. The focus of the
semi-structured interviews at the policy level was the cadastral system. In order to crosscheck
and evaluate the responses with administrators, group discussions with cadastral specialists
were also held.

Document analysis was the third research tactic. In this type of qualitative research, meaning
is derived from documents through interpretation.

4. Theoretical Framework: An Evaluation Framework

A framework for evaluation is a methodical technique used to evaluate the effectiveness of
ongoing operations and the system as a whole. It finds good practices and their indicators of
performance. (Zahir, Arbind, & Jaap, 2018).

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development is a global plan of action for people, planet,
prosperity, peace, and collaboration. It requires efforts to document, register, and recognize
people-to-land ties in all its forms, as an estimated 70% of people lack solid land and
property rights. The 169 targets/indicators and 17 goals of the 2030 agenda were adopted by
heads of state and government in a special UN conference on September 25, 2015 (UN,
2019).

The Bogor Declaration on Cadastres (UN-FIG, 2019), The Bathurst Declaration (UN-FIG,
2019), multipurpose cadastres (Williamson, 1985,), Cadastre 2014 (Steudler, 2014), and the
creation of sustainable land administration systems have all contributed to the gradual
conceptualization of cadastral systems. The Bogor Declaration and The Bathurst Declaration
both discuss how cadastral systems might aid in sustainable development.

5. Findings of the study

6.1 In terms of urban cadastral system policy of Ethiopia
Ethiopia's land policy is multi-dimensional and requires balance between exploitation,
utilization, and conservation to achieve sustainable development. It consists of
socioeconomic and legal regulations that specify how the land should be used (UN, 1996).

The government of Ethiopia has incorporated the whole urban cadastral system processes into
its Growth and Transformation Plans (GTP). The Federal Urban Land and Land Related
Registration and Information Agency has developed an agenda of urban land registration to
support GTPII, with adjudication and registration of 1.6 million and 1.2 million landholdings
respectively across 91 cities planned in five years (Chekole, 2020).

6.2 In terms of an evaluation framework for urban cadastral system policy

The proposed framework consists of four components: (administrative) level, aspect,
indicators, and good practices. Policy level is the higher hierarchy, where a set of principles
guide decisions and achieve rational outcomes. Political aspects, policy aspects, legal and
institutional aspects, social aspects, economical aspects, environmental aspects, technical
aspects, and public–private partnership aspects need to be incorporated. Performance
indicators are measurable values that demonstrate how an organization is obtaining targeted
objectives. It is feasible to determine best practices and success factors in terms of various
areas by comprehending how a cadastral system can be properly implemented and
maintained. (Rajabifard, 2019).

6.3 In terms of Urban Cadastral System Policy Evaluation Aspects

Cadastral systems are in higher demand right now because they make a more noticeable and
quantifiable contribution to social stability, environmental management, and economic
development (Williamson, 1985,). Performance measurement, which can illustrate and
ultimately guarantee the quality of the cadastral system, is more important than ever in light
of this changing environment. To put it another way, eight elements have been identified as
aspects that the cadastral system policy level has designated as having performance indicators
contained within them. Political, policy, legal, and institutional, social, economic,
environmental, public-private partnership (PPP), and technical.

5. Strength

In this article, in order to build a framework and a technique that would aid in measuring and
evaluating the performance of national urban cadastral systems, the researcher strongly
analyses peer-reviewed literature on the future visions and current models of the cadastral
system. The way the research dig out to find out new thing is somewhat surprising me.

As far as I am concerned, the article has to magnify the research question in well manner.

6. Weakness
The reviewer found the article well written and organized. However, he stated these
limitations: in terms of sampling technique will be dealt as follows:

As with other non-probability sampling techniques, purposive sampling is prone to research

bias. Results have a high risk of bias because the sample units are chosen based on the
researcher's subjective evaluation, notably observer bias. It either accidentally or by design
eliminate important subgroups from the study. It is best for smaller groups and specific
niches. Purposive sampling might need to wait as the scope of the research is so broad. It is
not effective on a large Scale.

7. Summary
People's basic requirements are met by land, which is the most important resource on the
planet. The cadastral system is the most important of the various processes used to administer
and maintain this important resource in a sustainable manner.
According to published works, the Cadastral system performance cannot be measured using
current methods. Systems for systematically evaluating the performance of cadastral systems
are woefully underdeveloped in the majority of developing nations. To measure and assess
the state of cadastral systems, for instance, Ethiopia lacks a systematic evaluation framework.
Based on strategies that have worked well in other nations, this article intends to create an
evaluation framework to assess how well urban cadastral systems are doing in Ethiopia.

The research develops an evaluation approach for urban cadastral system policy, outlining
best practices and associated indications for a perfect deployment. It argues that strategies
should be evaluated in light of more general economic and social concerns, taking into
account the mix of political, legal, and institutional issues framework. The paper provides a
framework for evaluating urban cadastral systems policy in a standardized and
comprehensive approach, enabling policy makers, management officials, and implementers to
follow up, monitor, and evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the system in response to
improvements in organizational capacity, technology, and access to spatial information.

8. Implication
Overall, the outgrowth of this composition will make it possible for decision- makers,
directors, and device to track, cover, and assess the performance of the cadastral system in
response to advancements in technology, organizational capability, and availability to spatial
data.

10. Conclusion of the study

The goal of this study, in sum, was to provide a methodology for assessing the performance
of urban cadastral systems based on cadastral models and publications published by the
International Scientific Indexing (ISI). The study also proposes a methodology for evaluating
urban cadastral system policies, which is its last contribution. This essay makes the
suggestion that assessing urban cadastral systems policies should be linked to more general
economic and social concerns. The framework offers a foundation for an objective and
thorough evaluation of urban cadastral systems policy. Overall, the outcome of this paper will
make it possible for management staff, implementers, and policy makers to track, monitor,
and assess the strengths and weaknesses of the cadastral system's performance in response to
advancements in organizational capability, technology, and accessibility to spatial data.
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