Class-XI

EMERGING TRENDS
Revision Notes
[1] List some of the cloud-based services that you are using at present.
At present we are using many cloud-based services, some of them are as
following:
1. Cloud Storage: Google Drive, Sky Drive, Drop box etc.
2. Cloud software (SAAS): SalesForce, Slack, Zoom etc.
3. Cloud Infrastructure (IAAS): DigitalOcean, IBM, Datrium etc.
4. Cloud Plastform(PAAS): Acquia, AWS (Amazon Web Services), Heroku

[2] What do you understand by the Internet of Things? List some of its potential
applications.
IoT or Internet of Things refers to connecting many devices through hardware or
software and communicate with each other as well as human beings through
internet to work with collaboration and assist each other and form a networking
of things.
Potential Applications of IoT:
1. Smart Home
2. Wearables
3. Smart City
4. Smart Grids
5. Industrial Internet

[3] Write a short note on the following:

a) Cloud Computing
It is an emerging trend, where computer-based services (software, hardware,
databases, storage) are delivered over the Internet or the cloud, and it is
accessible to the user from anywhere using any device. These resources are
provided by companies called cloud service providers and usually charge on a
pay per use basis, like the way we pay for electricity usage
Cloud computing refers to virtual computers than can provide access to a
software, service or storage on internet. It allows to use large applications
through the internet without any physical storage.
Facebook, google photos, google drive, sky drive, etc. are examples of cloud
computing.
 Advantages:
1. Accessible anytime, anywhere on the internet
2. Cost-effective and reasonable cost
3. On-demand sources
4. Allows to use of resources as per the need

b) Big data and its characteristics

Today, there are over a billion Internet users, and a majority of the world’s web
traffic is coming from smartphones. This results in the generation of data sets of
enormous volume and complexity called Big Data.
It is Large or Huge volume of data which is going to be processed. It can extract
information which gives a huge benefit. It can also help in decision making and
can provide insight information.
Characteristics of Big Data
1. Volume: It refers to the number of big data in terms of size. It is in very big
size or voluminous data.
2. Velocity: It refers to the rate of data transfer at very high speed.
3. Variety: Data is available in different forms like structured, unstructured, and
semi-structured. It can be different files like text, images, videos, etc.
4. Veracity: It refers to the intensity of the reliability of data. When a large
volume of data is going to be processed, sometimes chances are there to
produce incorrect data.
5. Value: It is the quantity of data including amount, reliability of data to be
processed.

[4]  Explain the following along with their applications.

a) Artificial Intelligence
AI endeavours to simulate the natural intelligence of human beings into machines
thus making them intelligent. An intelligent machine is supposed to imitate
some of the cognitive functions of humans like learning, decision making and
problem solving. Google Maps, Alexa, Cortona are examples of AI.

b) Machine Learning
Machine Learning is a subsystem of Artificial Intelligence, wherein computers
have the ability to learn from data using statistical techniques, without being
explicitly programmed by a human being.
[5] Differentiate between cloud computing and grid computing.
Cloud Computing Grid Computing

It works on the client-server architecture. It works on distributed computing architecture.

Resources are stored on the server and provided to Resources are stored in a device and linked
the user as and when required. with the devices.

All devices can be used in collaborative

The server is the leader and controls the architecture.
approach.

It is less flexible compared to Cloud

It is more flexible compared to Grid Computing.
Computing.

[6] Justify the following statement- ‘Storage of data is cost-effective and time-
saving in cloud computing.’
Cloud computing stores data into a server and it is available at almost free of cost
or nominal cost.
When it comes to time-saving by saving data on the internet there is no need to
wait to start up any computer or device. It is easily available with a browser
program or app of that. So it can be accessed anytime from anywhere.

[7]  What is the on-demand service? How it is provided in the cloud computing?
On-demand service means that data is available as and when required. In cloud
computing, users can access any file by using a login with a username or email
account and password. This is called on-demand service.

[8] Write examples of the following:

a) Government provided cloud computing platform - MeghRaj
b) Large scale private cloud service providers and the services they provide -
Google
[9] A company interested in cloud computing is looking for a provider who
offers a set of basic services such as virtual server provisioning and on-
demand storage that can be combined into a platform for deploying and
running customized applications. What type of cloud computing model fit
these requirements?
a) Platform as a Service
b) Software as a Service
c) Infrastructure as a Service
[10] Which is not one of the features of IoT devices?
a) Remotely controllable
b) Programmable
 c) Can turn themselves off if necessary
d) All of the above
[11] If Government plans to make a smart school by applying IoT concepts, how
can each of the following be implemented in order to transform a school
into IoT enabled smart school?
a) e-textbooks - e-textbooks can be made available e-library by using web
services.
b) Smart boards - Smart boards can be operated by digital stylus or pen and
should be connected with network.
c) Online tests - A web portal or online examination should be prepared to
conduct exams smoothly.
d) Wifi sensors on classrooms doors - Wifi sensors and classroom doors can be
used to lock and unlock them. These sensors also provide security to students
and other stakeholders.
e) Sensors in buses to monitor their location - These sensors enables quick
reporting and monitoring to the coordinates and parents to know the status of
child and bus after leaving the school.
f) Wearables (watches or smart belts) for attendance monitoring - These
devices can be used or implemented for students in such a way that identifies a
student and marks the attendance accordingly.
[12] How IoT and WoT are related?
IoT(Internet of Things) and WoT(Web of Things) both can be user on network to
communicate with multiple devices. They can provide a communication medium
between various devices, this medium can be an app, a web service or any
network enabled device.
IoT allows us to interact with different devices through Internet with the help of
smartphones or computers, But to interact with different devices, we need to
install different apps. WoT allows use of web services to have one interface to
connect all the devices. IoT along with WoT helps to create smart homes, smart
offices, smart cities and so on.
[13] Define the following terms:

Artificial intelligence - AI endeavours to simulate the natural intelligence of

human beings into machines thus making them intelligent.

Machine Learning – It comprises algorithms that use data to learn on their own
and make predictions.

Natural Language Processing (NLP) - It facilitates communicating with

intelligent systems using a natural language.
 Virtual Reality (VR) -It allows a user to look at, explore and interact with the
virtual surroundings, just like one can do in the real world.

Augmented Reality (AR) - The superimposition of computer-generated

perceptual information over the existing physical surroundings is called
Augmented Reality.

Robotics -It can be defined as the science or study of the technology primarily
associated with the design, fabrication, theory and application of robots.

Big Data -It holds rich information and knowledge which can be of high business
value. Five characteristics of big data are: Volume, Velocity, Variety, Veracity and
Value.

Data Analytics - It is the process of examining data sets in order to draw

conclusions about the information they contain.

Internet of Things (IoT)- It is a network of devices that have an embedded

hardware and software to communicate (connect and exchange data) with other
devices on the same network.

Sensor - A sensor is a device that takes input from the physical environment and
uses built-in computing resources to perform predefined functions upon
detection of specific input and then processes data before passing it on.

Cloud Computing - It allows resources located at remote locations to be made

available to anyone anywhere.

Cloud Services – It can be Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service

(PaaS) and Software as a Service (SaaS).

Grid Computing – It is a computer network in which each computer's resources

are shared with every other computer in the system. Processing power, memory
and data storage are all community resources that authorized users can tap into
and work/use for specific tasks.

Blockchain -It is a system that allows a group of connected computers to

maintain a single updated and secure ledger which is updated only after all the
nodes in the network authenticate the transaction.

[14] Give the full form of the following abbreviations:

a) AWS - Amazon Web Services

IoT - Internet of Things

WoT - Web of Things

AI - Artificial Intelligence

VR - Virtual Reality

AR - Augmented Reality

MR - Mixed Reality

WiFi - Wireless Fidelity

GPS - Global Positioning System

PaaS - Platform as a Service

SaaS - Software as a Service
IaaS - Infrastructure as a Service