AWS Cloud Intro

AWS Cloud Intro
What is AWS Cloud?

AWS (Amazon Web Services) is a cloud computing platform.
The first product (S3) was released in 2006.
AWS has grown a lot since then in both size and product range.
It is, to date, the largest cloud provider in the world.
Why Learn AWS?

 AWS is the largest of the cloud providers
 AWS competence is popular in the job market
 You can do most things in the AWS Cloud
 Big community/support
Get Started
This tutorial will teach you the essentials of AWS Cloud.
The tutorial has a broad audience, such as:
 IT professionals
 Marketing professionals
 Sales
 Business analysts
 Students
 Project managers
 Legal
AWS Cloud Practitioner
Certification
Document Your Skills
Knowledge is power, especially in the current job market. Documentation of
your skills enables you to advance your career, or help you to start a new one.
How Does It Work?

 Schedule the exam
 Study for free at W3Schools.com
 Prepare for the exam by completing the AWS Cloud Tutorial
 Study at your own speed
 Take the AWS Certified Cloud Practitioner exam
 Explore your options for what to do next!
AWS Cloud Get Started

Free AWS Account
AWS offers a free tier, letting you explore and try out their services.
The free tier offers you limited use of services for free.
So let us get started with creating your free account!

How To Sign Up
Step 1: Go to the AWS website to get your free account: Sign up for free
Step 2: Click the "Create a free account" button.

Step 3: Complete the registration steps.
AWS requires you to register a credit card and identity verification by phone
number via text or voice.
Congrats on getting your account set up! Click the "next" button to learn more!
AWS Cloud Computing

The Client-Server Model
The client-server model is an important concept in cloud computing.
It is about many clients using services from a centralized server.
Read about the Benefits of Cloud Computing at: Cloud Benefits
What is the Client-Server Model?

The Client-Server model is about a client that interacts and makes requests to a
computer server.
A client is the way that the person interacts with the server.
Image created by Amazon Web Services
The server does tasks for the client and returns information.
What is Cloud Computing?

Cloud computing is a computing service made available over the internet.
Cloud computing is a pay-as-you-go model for delivering IT resources.
You pay only for what you use.
Deployment Models
There are three different kinds of deployment models:
 Cloud-based
 On-premises
 Hybrid
The models are different ways of accessing compute services - over the
internet, locally, or in a combination.
Cloud-Based Deployment
Everything runs in the cloud.
This model allows you to build new applications or move existing ones to the
cloud.
There are different levels of services ranging from low to high.
The level of service has different requirements on your management,

architecting, and infrastructure.
For example, a company might create an application consisting of virtual

servers, databases, and networking components entirely based in the cloud.
On-Premises Deployment
Deploy resources by using virtualization and resource management tools.
On-Premises Deployment is also known as private cloud deployment.
For example, you might have applications that run on technology that is fully
kept in your on-premises data center.
Though this model is much like legacy IT infrastructure, its application

management and virtualization technologies make it more effective.
Hybrid Deployment
In a hybrid deployment, you connect cloud resources to an on-premises
infrastructure.
This approach is relevant in many situations.
For example, you are working with sensitive data or are under specific
government regulations.
AWS Cloud Benefits
Why Choose Cloud Computing?
There are many reasons for going with the cloud.
Cloud computing enables benefits such as:
 Cost savings
 Security
 Scalability
 Flexibility
Payment Model
The cloud payment model is flexible.
You do not have to invest in a data center, servers, and other resources.
The cloud services is a variable expense.
You can use the services from the start and consume more as you grow.
Fewer Operations
Having your own data centers and servers requires resources and staffing.
Cloud computing reduces operation and lets you focus on important things, such
as your applications and customers.
Flexible Capacity
Having and managing your own servers can result in unused capacity and
limitations.
On the other hand, you can grow freely with cloud computing.
You pay for what you use
Economies at Scale
Cloud computing is about shared resources.
Sharing the infrastructure cost with hundreds of thousands of other customers

lowers the overall costs.
Increased Speed
The flexibility of cloud computing makes it easier to develop and deploy
applications.
You can test and utilize resources as you want in minutes.
This freedom allows you to experiment and invent more.
It allows for instant resource access.
Global Reach
AWS has data centers all over the world.
The AWS Cloud's global reach allows you to swiftly deploy apps to consumers
anywhere.
Customers can access your apps quickly.
You can pick the ones near your clients to reduce the latency.
AWS Cloud EC2
AWS EC2 - Virtual Cloud Server
EC2 is a virtual server in the AWS Cloud.
AWS EC2 is short for AWS Elastic Cloud Compute.
It makes scaling of capacity up and down easy.
Why AWS EC2?

It makes the process of increasing and decreasing capacity easier.
As a result, you can access the resources at demand.
No upfront investment is needed.
You only pay for what you need.
EC2 is secure.
You can get started with EC2 in three steps.
1. Launch
Start with selecting a template with basic configurations.
The config includes the operating system, application server, or applications.
Next, decide the instance type and hardware configuration of your instance.
Finally, specify the security settings to control the traffic in and out of your
instance.
You will learn more about cloud security later in this tutorial.
2. Connect
There are many ways to connect an instance.
Programs and applications have multiple connection methods to exchange data.
Users can connect and access the computer desktop by logging in.
3. Use
Once connected, you can use the instance.
Execute commands to install software, add storage, copy, and organize files,
and much more.
AWS Cloud EC2 Instance Types

AWS EC2 Instance Types
There are different instance types.
Which one to use depends on the needs.
More About EC2 Instance Types

The types are best used for different things.
Therefore, when selecting an instance type, consider the needs.
For example, needs can be a requirement for compute, memory, or storage.

General Purpose Instance
The General-Purpose Instance balances computing, memory, and networking
resources.
It fits many purposes. Such as:
 Application servers
 Gaming servers
 Backend servers for companies
 Small and medium databases
The General-Purpose Instances are best when there is a balance between the
resources.
Compute Optimized Instances

The Compute Optimized Instances are best there is a need for high compute.
This type is also good for application servers, gaming servers, and web
applications.
The main difference is that this type is ideal for high-performance and compute-
intensive needs.
Memory Optimized Instances

This type can deliver large dataset workloads fast.
Memory is a temporary storage area.
It loads from storage, holds the data, and processes it before the computer can
run it.
The processing allows for a preloading process and gives the CPU direct access
to the computer program.
The Memory Optimized Instances are best when huge amounts of data need to
be preloaded before running the app.
Accelerated Computing Instances

This type use hardware accelerators.
The accelerators boost the data processing.
The Accelerated Computing Instances are best for graphics applications and
streaming.
Storage Optimized Instances

This type is best when you have large datasets on local storage.
Some examples:
 Large file systems

 Data warehouses
 Online transaction systems
The Storage Optimized Instances are designed to deliver many inputs as fast as
possible.
AWS Cloud EC2 Pricing

AWS EC2 Pricing
With AWS EC2 you pay for the compute time.
You only pay for the compute time that you use.
It offers different pricing options.
On Demand Instances
On Demand Instances are best used for short-term workloads.
It requires no upfront costs or minimum amount on the purchase.
The instances run until you stop them.
You pay for what you use.
AWS EC2 Savings Plan

The savings plan is a commitment for usage over a 1-year or 3-year term.
Committing to a period gives a discounted price.
If you surpass the budget, the cost goes to normal (on-demand) prices.
You will learn more about AWS Cost Explorer later in this tutorial.
AWS Cost Explorer is a tool that helps to plan usage with AWS Cloud.
Reserved Instances
The Reserved Instances are used to reserve instances for an agreed period.
The options are for 1-year or 3-years. The latter one gives the highest discount.
Spot Instances
This pricing model is best for workloads with flexible start and end times, which
can take interruptions.
Spot instances can give up to a 90% cost savings.
The reason behind the discount is that AWS can optimize its capacity, giving
you better prices.
Dedicated Hosts
Dedicated hosts are physical servers fully dedicated to you.
You can use your existing VM software licenses.
The Dedicated Host is the most expensive model.
AWS Cloud EC2 Scaling

AWS EC2 Scaling
Scaling is about only using the resources that you need.
In addition, have the flexibility to grow freely.
Make sure to have an architecture that can handle changes in demand.
Designing a scalable achitecture allow you to only pay for the resources that
you need at any given time.
AWS EC2 Auto Scaling
Servers can get more requests than they can handle.
Too many requests can cause timeouts and outages.
AWS EC2 Auto Scaling allows you to add or remove EC2 instances
automatically.
It automates the capacity to the demand.
There are two approaches:
 Dynamic scaling: responds to changing demand

 Predictive scaling: schedules the number of instances based on a
predicted demand
 Dynamic and Predictive scaling can be combined to scale faster
The picture illustrates that demand can change during a week based.
AWS Cloud Auto Scaling

AWS EC2 Auto Scaling
EC2 Auto Scaling can be added as a buffer on top of your instances.
It can add new instances to the application when necessary and terminate them
when no longer needed.
You can set up a group of instances.
Here you can set a minimum capacity of instances that will always be
running. The rest will operate when necessary.
You can set the desired number of AWS EC2 instances in the scaling group.
However, the desired capacity defaults to your minimum capacity if not
specified.
The last configuration is Maximum capacity.
Here you set the maximum capacity of instances to be used.
The Auto Scaling groups allow you to have a dynamic environment.
You set the minimum capacity, the desired number, and the maximum capacity.
The group will operate within the config and give you a predictable and cost-
effective architecture.
Exercises
AWS Cloud Elastic Load
Balancing
Elastic Load Balancing
Traffic can be directed with Elastic Load Balancing.
Elastic Load Balancing Service

This service distributes application traffic across services.
The Load Balancer is a single point of contact for incoming web traffic.
The single point of contact means that the traffic hits the Load Balancer first,
spreading out the load between the resources.
It balancer accepts requests and directs them to the appropriate instances.
It ensures that one resource won't get overloaded, and that the traffic is spread
out.
AWS EC2 and Elastic Load Balancing are two different services that work well
together.
AWS ELB is built to support increased traffic without increasing the hourly cost.
AWS ELB scales automatically.
Load Allocation
The service allocates incoming traffic between the available resources.
The principle is the same with both high and low demand periods.
It will allocate between what is available at any time.
AWS Cloud Messaging and

Queuing
Monolithic Applications and Microservices
Applications are made of multiple components.
The components communicate with each other.
The communication can transmit data, fulfill requests, and keep the application
running.
Monolithic Application
An architecture with tightly coupled components can be called a monolithic
application.
Components can be databases, servers, interfaces, and much more.
A monolithic application can be vulnerable if one of the components fails.

In the worst case, this can cause the whole service to go down.
Instead, your application can be designed with an approach

called microservices.
Microservices can help to keep your service available if one component fails.
Microservices
Microservices can help to maintain the service if one component fails.
The services can be maintained because they communicate with each other and
the components are not tightly coupled.
AWS has two services that can make this integration:
 AWS Simple Notification Service (AWS SNS)

 AWS Simple Queue Service (AWS SQS)
You will learn more about them in the next chapter.
The difference between the Monolithic and Microservices approach is tight

coupled vs. loosely coupled.
AWS SNS - Simple Notification

Service
Cloud Notification Service - AWS SNS
AWS Simple Notification is also called AWS SNS
SNS (Simple Notification Service) is a notification service.
What is AWS SNS?

SNS is a cloud service for the mass delivery of messages.
It is a fully managed publish-subscribe messaging and mobile communication
service.
It can be event-driven, with automated services responding to triggers.
Distributed systems and micro services can be decoupled with messaging

between them through AWS SNS.
Application-to-person messaging to users is possible with SMS, mobile push,

and email.
Message Endpoints
AWS SNS can publish messages to many different endpoints:
 HTTP and HTTPS

 Email and Email-JSON
 AWS SQS
 Applications
 AWS Lambda
 SMS (depending on region)
The Difference between SQS and SNS

SNS is a notification system, which pushes messages to its subscribers.
SQS is a queuing system, and the receivers have to pull the messages to be
processed and deleted from the queue.
SNS and SQS can works well together.
AWS SQS - Simple Queue Service

Cloud Queue Service - AWS SQS
AWS Simple Queue Service is also called AWS SQS
SQS is a message queuing service.
It exchanges and stores messages between software components.
The service adds the messages in a queue.
Users or services pick up the messages from the queue.
Once processed the messages gets deleted from the queue.
AWS Cloud Serverless

Serverless Computing
Serverless is a service where you do not have to think about servers.
With serverless, you only have to think about code.
The cloud provider handles all infrastructure behind it.
The Difference between EC2 and Serverless

AWS EC2 provides virtual server instances.
To run EC2, you must do the following:
 Provision of the virtual server instances

 Deploy your code
 Operate and maintain the servers
Serverless requires no server management.
Having less to think about with operating server lets you focus on the important
things.
The serverless approach is suitable for scale.
AWS has a serverless service called AWS Lambda.
You will learn more about this service in the next chapter.
AWS Cloud Lambda

Serverless Cloud Compute - AWS Lambda
AWS Lambda a serverless compute service.
This service lets you run code without needing to think about servers.
It lets you focus on what's most important, such as making a great application.
You only pay for the compute time that you use.
Pay for what you use translates to that you only pay when your code is running.
How AWS Lambda Works
The high-level steps to understand the concept:
1. Deploy your code to Lambda

2. Make the code ready to trigger an event
3. The code only runs when triggered
4. Pay only when your code is running
What is AWS Lambda?

Serverless computing helps abstract the infrastructure in the cloud.
As a result, it reduces costs and can help to increase innovation.
AWS Lambda can be used to:
 Build and deploy apps

 Monitor and maintain apps
Related reads:
Read more about AWS Lambda here
Back-End Code
You can run Back-End code with AWS Lambda.
Here are some popular Back-End languages:
 Node.js - Learn Node.js
 Python - Learn Python
 Java - Learn Java
 Kotlin - Learn Kotlin
 C# - Learn C#
 Browse our site for other popular languages - Visit W3Schools.com

AWS Cloud Containers
Containers in the AWS Cloud
Containers are popular for deploying and managing applications in the cloud.
Containers let you package code in a single object.
The container isolates the code and removes the dependencies to other
components.
It runs in isolation.
Containers are an essential concept in micro service architectures.
Containerized Approach
Having the application in a container makes debugging easier.
It makes it easier because the application is inside of an isolated container.
The container remains consistent regardless of deployment.

The picture illustrates one host with containers.
Containers and Scale

It is important to design for scale when using containers.
There could be tens of hosts with hundreds of containers as the environment

grows.
One should prepare for how to manage operations at scale.

This picture illustrates containers in a scaled environment.
Container orchestration services help you deploy, manage, and scale your
containerized applications.
In the following chapters, you will learn about two services that provide
container orchestration: AWS Elastic Container Service and AWS Elastic
Kubernetes Service.
AWS ECS - Elastic Container

Service
Elastic Container Service - AWS ECS
ECS helps you run containerized applications.
It is a management system built for scale and high performance.
AWS EKS - Elastic Kubernetes

Service
Kubernetes on the AWS Cloud - AWS ECS
AWS Elastic Kubernetes Service is also called AWS EKS
EKS is a managed service that lets you run Kubernetes on AWS.
It is built for scaling with Kubernetes.
What is Kubernetes?
Kubernetes is open-source software.
It helps you deploy and manage containerized applications.
Kubernetes has a large community.
AWS continuously keeps the AWS EKS service updated to the latest Kubernetes
features.
How AWS EKS works

AWS EKS is used to run and scale Kubernetes applications in the cloud and on-
premises.
Deploy applications in different ways:
 Cloud Deployment
 Deployment on your infrastructure
 Deployment with your tools
AWS Cloud Fargate

Serverless Compute for Containers - AWS
Fargate
It helps to deploy and manage applications.
Fargate manages the infrastructure for you.
You do not have to think about the provision of servers and infrastructure
management when using Fargate.
How AWS Fargate Works

It is a serverless service.
Fargate has a pay-as-you-go pricing model.
It lets you focus on doing the most important thing, building your awesome
applications.
AWS Cloud Infrastructure

Introduction AWS Infrastructure
AWS has global infrastructure with Data Centers all over the world.
Deploy apps across the globe or to a specific location.

Build and deploy where you want.
AWS Cloud Regions

Introduction AWS Regions
AWS has Data Centers all over the world.
Selecting a Region
There are different reasons to choose a specific region.
Those reasons could be:
 Data regulations
 Customer proximity
 Service availability
 Pricing
Government Regulations and Data

Governance
Some countries do not allow sensitive data to be processed and stored abroad.
Your company might require that all company data shall reside in the country.
Customer Proximity
Selecting a region near your customers can help to make the services faster.
Region Availability Services

All AWS Data Centers do not support all services and features.
AWS makes new services all the time.
Making services available requires AWS to build infrastructure in the Data

Centers.
As a result, the services might not have come to a Data Center near you yet.
You can select a region to access specific services.
Pricing
There are many factors in how the prices are set.
For example, the prices might vary from region to region.
You will learn more about pricing in a later chapter.
AWS Cloud Availability Zones
Introduction to Availability Zones

Availability Zone is a single Data Center or a group of Data Centers in a region.
In an Availability Zone the Data Centers are located many miles apart from
each other.
Having them apart reduces the risk of them all going down if a disaster happens
in the region.
Simultaneously, have the Data Center(s) close enough to have low latency.
Availability Zones Illustration

This picture illustrates how the Availability Zones works:
Three regions (orange circles): N. California, Oregon, GovCloud(US-West).
The regions have availability zones (blue circles) displayed as a grid around
them.
The picture zooms in on the N. California region.
N. California has an availability zone of three groupings of Data Centers: US-

West-1A, US-West-1B, and US-West-1C.
The Availability Zones setup makes the cloud services robust.
AWS Cloud Edge Locations

Introduction Edge Locations
Edge Location is the Data Center used to deliver content fast to your users.
It is the site that is nearest your users.
Fast Delivery
The AWS Edge Locations uses a service called CloudFront.
CloudFront is used to store cached copies of your content.
Resulting in fast delivery of your content.
What is Cache?
Caching helps the software to deliver content faster and cheaper.
Cache is fast storage that copies and stores parts of data.
The data is stored in hardware that can deliver content fast, for example, RAM
(Random-access memory).
The main job of the cache is to deliver content fast.
The data is saved in the fast hardware layer so that it does not have to use the
slow storage hardware.
How Cache Works

The cache saves subsets of the data, making it available.
Once someone requests the data, it is copied and stored at the Edge Location.
When the next person requests the same data, it will be delivered faster from
the nearest Edge Location.
AWS Cloud Resource

Provisioning
Ways to Interact with AWS Services
There are three main ways to interact with AWS services.
AWS Management Console

The AWS Management Console is a web-based interface.
It is used to access and manage AWS services.
AWS Command Line Interface

AWS Command Line Interface is also called "AWS CLI".
CLI saves you time when making API requests.
It allows you to control multiple AWS services with one tool.
CLI allows you to automate actions on services with scripts.
Software Development Kits

Software development kits are also called "SDKs".
SDKs is another option to access and manage AWS services.
It eases the use of AWS services through an API.
The API is fitted to the platform or programing language that you use.
SDKs can be used on existing applications or new ones built on AWS.
AWS Cloud Provision Services

How to Provision AWS Resources Video,
Part Two
AWS offers two managed tools: AWS Elastic Beanstalk and AWS
CloudFormation.
AWS Elastic Beanstalk

With AWS Elastic Beanstalk, you provide code and configuration settings.
Elastic Beanstalk deploys the resources necessary to perform the following

tasks:
 Adjust capacity
 Load balancing
 Automatic scaling
 Application health monitoring
 AWS CloudFormation
 With AWS CloudFormation, you can treat your infrastructure as code.
 Using this service you can build an environment by writing lines of code.
 Instead of using the AWS Management Console to provision resources
individually.

 You got it! You will learn more about AWS Elastic Beanstalk and AWS
CloudFormation in the following chapters.
 AWS Cloud Elastic Beanstalk

Introduction to AWS Elastic Beanstalk Video
Elastic Beanstalk is an orchestration service.
Cloud Orchestration Service - Elastic

Beanstalk
Elastic Beanstalk is a web infrastructure management service.
Beanstalk handles deployment and scaling for web applications and services.
Elastic Beanstalk helps automatically manage AWS services' setup,
configuration, scaling and provisioning.
Automatically managed AWS services: AWS EC2 (Elastic Compute

Cloud), Amazon S3 (Simple Storage Service), AWS RDS (Relational Database
Service), Amazon DynamoDB, and Amazon SimpleDB.
AWS Elastic Beanstalk Supported Platforms

Elastic Beanstalk supports many platforms such as:
 Docker
 Go
 Java
 Java with Tomcat
 .NET
 Node.js
 PHP
 Python
 Ruby
 AWS Documentation: Supported platforms
AWS CloudFormation
Infrastructure Automation Platform - AWS
CloudFormation Video
AWS CloudFormation helps to automate resource provision.
What is CloudFormation
CloudFormation is an infrastructure service.
It lets you create templates that describe the AWS services that you want.
Then, it handles the config and provisioning of the resources described in the
template.
It makes it easier because you do not have to configure the resources

individually.
CloudFormation helps to handle the dependencies between the resources.
AWS Cloud Networking

Introduction AWS Networking
AWS has many networks connectivity options.
AWS Cloud Connectivity

Introduction AWS Networking
AWS has many networking options.
AWS Virtual Private Cloud

AWS Virtual Private Cloud is also called AWS VPC.
VPC is a service that lets you isolate your AWS resources in an isolated network.
The boundaries created around the resources let AWS restrict the network
traffic.
In addition, it allows you to include the sections of the AWS Cloud that you want
in the isolated network.
Resources can be organized in subnets.
A subnet is a section in the VPC that can contain specific resources.

Internet Gateway
Public traffic can be allowed to your VPC.
The traffic is allowed by an Internet Gateway.
An Internet Gateway is a door between the VPC and the internet.
The traffic enters the VPC through the Internet Gateway.
Without the Internet Gateway, you cannot access the resources in the VPC.
ADVERTISEMENT
Virtual Private Gateway
A Virtual Private Gateway is used to access private resources in the VPC.
It has extra layers of protection.
The Virtual Private Gateway encrypts the internet traffic, keeping it protected.
It is a component that allows the encrypted traffic to enter the VPC.
The Virtual Private Gateway allows you to make a Virtual Private Network (VPN)
between the VPC and private network.
It only allows traffic from approved networks.
Many businesses use VPNs to ensure that their traffic and data are secure.
AWS Direct Connect

AWS Direct Connect lets you make a dedicated private connection between the
Data Center and a VPC.
A dedicated connection is to have the link for yourself.
The link is not shared with others.
Only you and your data can travel through the connection.
AWS Cloud Subnet and Access

Subnets
A Subnet is a section of a VPC.
The Subnet allows you to group resources.
The groupings can have different security or operation’s needs.
You can have both public and private Subnets.

Public Subnets
Public Subnets have resources that the public can access.
For example, your company page, such as W3Schools.com.
Private Subnets
Private Subnets have resources that can only be accessed through the private
network.
For example, databases holding customer data.
Public and Private Subnets can communicate with each other through secure
channels.
Network Traffic in a VPC

Requested data are sent as a Packet.
A Packet is a package of data sent over a network or the internet.
It enters the VPC through an Internet Gateway.
Before entering a Subnet it checks for permissions.
Checking permissions such as:
1. Who sent the Packet?

2. How will the Packet communicate with the resources in the Subnet
Network Access Control Lists
Network Access Control Lists are called ACLs.
ACL is a firewall that controls the traffic, both inbound and outbound.
It controls the traffic at the subnet level.
The ACL checks and controls the Packets.
If the Packet is on the approved list, it will pass through.
However, if they are not on the list, they will be denied access.
Stateless Packet Filtering

The ACLs do Stateless Packet filtering.
They have no memory and will forget the request once checked.
Their job is to check the Packets that go in and out.
It uses the set rules to approve or deny access.
Security Groups
A Security Group is a firewall that controls inbound and outbound traffic.
This feature is specific for an AWS EC2 instance.
The default config denies all inbound traffic and allows all outbound.
You have to add new rules to change this config.
Read more about Security Groups at The AWS Documentation: Network Access

Control List (ACL)
Stateful Packet Filtering

Security Groups do stateful Packet filtering.
They remember the actions that they have done with Packets in the past.
Configuration
ACLs and Security groups can be configured.
Configuration means adding custom rules for the traffic.

AWS Cloud Global Networking

Domain Name System
Domain Name System is also called DNS.
DNS is the service that lets someone access your website from their browser.
The DNS is like a phone book.
It connects the IP address to the domain name.

AWS Route 53
Route 53 is a DNS web service.
It routes end users to internet apps hosted in AWS.
Route 53 connects users and their requests to AWS resources and external
resources.
Route 53 has a feature to manage DNS records.
You can register new and transfer domains with Route 53.
You can manage all of your domain names from Route 53.
Use AWS Route 53 and AWS CloudFront

Route 53 and CloudFront can be combined to deliver content.
The picture explained:
The company has 3 EC2 Instances in an Auto Scaling group.
The group is attached to an Application Load Balancer.
1. User requests data from the website application.

2. Route 53 uses DNS resolution to identify the IP address.
3. The data is sent back to the user.
4. The user request is sent to the nearest Edge Location through CloudFront.
5. CloudFront connects to the Application Load Balancer.
6. The Load Balancer sends the packet to the EC2 instance.
Related reads:
 EC2 Intro
 Auto Scaling
 Elastic Load Balancing
 Edge Locations (CloudFront)
AWS Third Recap

Module Overview
In this first section, you have been introduced to the following concepts:
 AWS Cloud Networking

 AWS Cloud Connectivity
 AWS Cloud Subnet and Access
 AWS Cloud Global Networking
AWS Storage and Databases

What You Will Learn About
 Basic storage concepts
 Basic database concepts
 AWS Elastic Block Store (AWS EBS)
 AWS Simple Storage Service (AWS S3)
 AWS Elastic File System (AWS EFS)
 Storage solutions
 AWS Relational Database Service (AWS RDS)
 AWS DynamoDB
 AWS Redshift
 AWS Database Migration Service
 Additional database services
AWS Instance Stores

What are Instance Stores?
Instance Store is a storage volume that acts as a physical hard drive.
It provides temporary storage for Amazon EC2 instance.
The data in an instance store persists during the lifetime of its instance.
If an instance reboots, data in the instance store will persist.
When the instance hibernates or terminates, you lose any data in the instance
store.
If an instance starts from a stopped state, it might start on another host where
the used instance store does not exist.
It is recommended to avoid storing valuable data in the store instance.
Instance Stores are good for temporary files, and data that can be easily
recreated.
example:
AWS EC2 instance with an attached instance store
is running.
AWS EC2 instance is stopped or terminated.
All data on the attached instance store are deleted.

AWS EBS - Elastic Block Store
What is AWS EBS?
AWS EBS is also called AWS Elastic Block Store.
EBS is a service that provides storage volumes.
You can use provided storage volumes in Amazon EC2 instances.
EBS volumes are used for data that needs to persist.
It is important to backup the data with AWS EBS snapshots.
After creating an EBS volume, you can attach it to an AWS EC2 instance.
If the EC2 instance stops or is terminated, all the data on the attached EBS
volume remains.
What are AWS EBS Snapshots?

EBS snapshot is an incremental data backup.
The first backup of a volume backups all the data.
Every next backup copies only a block of data that has changed since the last
snapshot.
It saves on storage costs by not duplicating data.

The image illustrates how EBS Snapshots work.
Only the data unique to that snapshot is removed when you delete a snapshot.
If the EC2 instance stops, or is terminated, all the data on the attached EBS
volume remains.
AWS S3 - Simple Storage Service

loud Storage - AWS S3
AWS S3 is also called AWS Simple Storage Service.
S3 is a storage service.
It allows uploading any type of file.
In S3 you can set access permissions to a file.
It is object-level storage.
It offers unlimited space in the storage.
The maximum file size is 5 TB.
What is Object-Level Storage?

Object-level storage contains objects.
Each object is made of:
 Data - any type of file

 Metadata - information about what the data is
 Key - unique identifier
The picture illustrates object storage.
AWS S3 Storage Classes

There are many AWS S3 storage classes.
They differ in data availability.
How frequent data is retrieved and cost price.
S3 Standard
S3 Standard is ideal for data that is accessed often.
Provides high availability for stored objects.
It stores data in at least three Availability Zones.
It is the most expensive class.
S3 Standard-Infrequent Access
S3 Standard-Infrequent Access is also called S3 Standard-IA
S3 Standard-IA is ideal for data that is often accessed.

It has the same level of data availability as S3 Standard.
It stores data in at least three Availability Zones.
Lower storage price but higher data retrieval price.
It is higher priced than other classes.
S3 One Zone-IA (S3 One Zone-Infrequent Access)

It stores data in one Availability Zone.
It is cheaper than S3 Standard and S3 Standard-IA classes.
S3 Intelligent-Tiering
S3 Intelligent-Tiering requires automation and monitoring.
It is recommended for data with unknown or frequently changing access.
It moves the object to the S3 Standard-IA class if it is not accessed for 30 days.
It moves objects to S3 Standard if accessed in S3 Standard-IA or S3 One Zone-

IA classes.
S3 Glacier
S3 Glacier is recommended for archiving data.
It can retrieve objects within a few minutes.
S3 Glacier is a cheaper and slower class.

S3 Glacier Deep Archive
S3 Glacier Deep Archive has the lowest cost.
Like S3 Glacier, it is best for archives.
Compared to S3 Glacier, S3 Glacier Deep Archive can retrieve objects within 12

hours.
Comparing AWS EBS and AWS S3

Comparison of AWS EBS and AWS S3
AWS EBS AWS S3
Data is stored as blocks Data is stored as objects
Store block can size up to Individual object size can be

16 tebibytes each (17.6 up to 5,000 gigabytes (5
terabytes) terabytes)
Faster performance than Data does not suffer loss,

AWS S3 degradation, or a corruption
for a very long time
Data can be modified Data can not be modified,

unless reuploaded
AWS EFS - Elastic File System
Cloud File System - AWS EFS
AWS EFS is also called AWS Elastic File System.
EFS is a file system.
Data in EFS is accessed via file paths.
Compared to AWS EBS, AWS EFS saves the data in many Availability Zones.
Scaling AWS EFS does not disrupt applications.
It is ideal if many services need to access the same data at the same time.
AWS RDS - Relational Database

Service
Cloud Relational Database - Amazon RDS
AWS RDS is also called AWS Relational Database Service.
RDS is a service that automates database tasks.
It enables running relational databases in AWS Cloud.
It supports these database engines:
 AWS Aurora
 PostgreSQL
 MySQL
 MariaDB
 Oracle Database
 Microsoft SQL Server
AWS RDS database engines offer data encryption while data is stored, sent, and
received.
What is a Relational Database?
In a relational database, data is stored so that it may be linked to other data.
A relational database commonly use SQL (Structured Query language) to store

and query data.
Relational database example:
ID Product Price
name
1 T-shirt $20
2 Jeans $35
3 Shoes $50
SQL (Structured Query language) makes stored data consistent and easily

understandable.
What is Amazon Aurora?

Amazon Aurora is a relational database ideal for large organizations and
enterprises.
It offers high availability of data.
It is excellent for managing large amounts of data.
It is five times faster than a MySQL database.
It is three times faster than a PostgreSQL database.
Amazon Aurora creates six copies of data across three Availability Zones and a
data backup on Amazon S3.
It ensures the data is available at all times.
AWS Cloud DynamoDB

Non-relational Cloud Database - AWS
DynamoDB
AWS DynamoDB is a non-relational, NoSQL database.
It is a serverless database.
DynamoDB is a high performance service.
As AWS DynamoDB is a serverless database, you do not have to manage

servers or an operational system to use it.
Comparing AWS RDS and AWS

DynamoDB
AWS RDS AWS DynamoDB
Supports complex data Supports simple structured data
Stores data in database tables Stores data in documents
More expensive than AWS Cheaper than AWS RDS

DynamoDB
Slower than AWS DynamoDB Faster than AWS RDS
Comparing AWS RDS and AWS DynamoDB

AWS Cloud Redshift
Big Data Analytics - AWS Redshift
AWS Redshift is big data analytics service.
It can gather information from many sources.
It assists you with getting connections across your data.
Empowering
AWS Redshift is powered by SQL, AWS-designed hardware, and machine
learning.
It is great when data becomes too complex for the traditional relational
database.
The image illustrates how AWS Redshift works
Image reference: https://aws.amazon.com/redshift/
AWS DMS - Database Migration

Service
Database Migration Service - AWS DMS
It helps you move data between databases.
There is a source database and a target database.
A source database is a database from where data is migrated.
A target database is a database where data is migrated to.
Your source database will remain operational during the migration process.
AWS DBS is simple to use, reduces application downtime, supports a wide range
of databases, has low cost, and is reliable.
When to Use AWS DMS
You can use AWS DMS to:
 Enable testing application against production data, or other environmental

data, without affecting it
 Combine multiple databases into a single one
 To send your data to other data sources
AWS Additional Database

Services
AWS Cloud Different Database Types
AWS offers more types of databases.
It is good to be aware of them, should you need to use them.
AWS DocumentDB
AWS DocumentDB is a document-based database service.
It is a type of NoSQL database.
It supports MongoDB.
It is ideal for content management systems, user profiling, cataloging.
The following is an example of a document inside a document-based database.
{
name: "Jason",
age: "29",
city: "New York"
profession: "Accountant"
}
AWS Neptune
AWS Neptune is a graph database service.
It can be used to create graphs from your data for various purposes.
It is great for financial records, supply chain systems, and other centralized
digital records.
The image illustrates how Amazon Neptune works.
The picture is taken from https://aws.amazon.com/neptune/
AWS QLDB (AWS Quantum Ledger Database)

AWS QLDB is a ledger database service.
It provides historical data of all of your application changes.
It is great for financial records, supply chain systems, and other centralized
digital records.
The image illustrates how AWS QLDB works.
The picture is taken from https://aws.amazon.com/qldb/
AWS Managed Blockchain

AWS Managed Blockchain is a service that utilizes open-source frameworks to
create or manage blockchain networks.
With a few clicks, you can join, create, and manage blockchain networks.
Ethereum and Hyperledger Fabric are popular open-source blockchain

technologies.
The image illustrates how AWS Managed Blockchain works.
The picture is taken from https://aws.amazon.com/managed-blockchain/
AWS ElastiCache
AWS ElastiCache service adds catching layers on top of a database.
Catching layer stores a part of data.
It accelerates application performance.
It improves the read times of database requests.
Redis and Memcached are supported with the AWS ElastiCache service.

The image illustrates how AWS ElastiCache works
The picture is taken from https://aws.amazon.com/elasticache/
AWS DynamoDB Accelerator (DAX)

It is an in-memory cache service for AWS DynamoDB.
It improves read times for your non-relational data.
It improves response times from milliseconds to microseconds.
It is a fully managed, flexible, and secure service.
The image illustrates how AWS DAX works
The picture is taken from https://aws.amazon.com/dynamodb/dax/

 AWS Cloud Security
 Shared responsibility model
 Multi-factor authentication (MFA)
 AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)
 AWS Organizations
 Security policies
 AWS compliance
 Additional AWS security services
Shared Responsibility Model

What is the AWS Shared Responsibility
Model?
The AWS shared responsibility model is a concept of dividing responsibilities
between AWS and a Customer.
The Customer is you.
AWS's responsibilities are the security of the cloud.
Customer responsibilities are security in the cloud.
Responsibility of AWS
AWS's responsibility is the security of the cloud.
AWS manages all infrastructure layers.
Some of the infrastructure layers are:
 Data centers
 Hardware and software
 Virtualization
 Networking
AWS Customer (you)
Edge locations Networking traffic protection
Availability zones Server-side encryption
Regions Client-side data encryption
AWS global infrastructure Operating systems configuration
Hardware Network configuration
Networking Firewall configuration
Database Platform management
Storage Applications management
Compute Identity management
Software Access management

Customer data
Responsibility of a Customer
Customers' responsibility is the security of everything they make in AWS Cloud.
Customers (you) have complete control over your content.
Customer manages AWS services, software, and access to the data.
Responsibility differences:
User Permissions and Access
What is AWS Identity and Access
Management?
AWS IAM is also called AWS Identity and Access Management.
It helps you securely manage AWS resources and services.
IAM features are:
 AWS account root user

 IAM Users
 IAM policy
 IAM groups
 IAM roles
 Multi-factor authentication
By combining IAM features, you have the flexibility to configure specific

operational and security access.
AWS Account Root User
AWS account root user gets created when you first start an AWS account.
Access your account root user by AWS account credentials (email and
password).
It has full access to all of the accounts resources and AWS services.
Some of the good practices are:
 Avoid using the root user for daily tasks

 Use it to create IAM with permissions to create other users
 Use it only for the root user-specific tasks
IAM Users
IAM user represents an entity (person or an application) that interacts with AWS
resources and services.
IAM user is made of credentials and a name.
It is created without permissions by default.
The root user can grant permissions to the IAM user.
It is recommended that you create one IAM user for each individual.
IAM Policies
IAM policies are documents.
They deny or allow permissions to AWS resources and services.
They customize user access to AWS resources and services.
You can give only those permissions that each user needs.
IAM policy example is illustrated below.
 IAM Groups
 A collection of IAM users is called an IAM group.
IAM policy assigned to the IAM group grants permissions to all IAM users of that
group.
IAM Roles
IAM role is temporary access to services or resources.
Before an IAM role can be given, IAM user, service, or application must have
permission to switch roles.
It is best for cases where temporary access needs to be given.

Multi-factor Authentication
Multi-factor authentication is a multiple-step authentication.
It can provide more than one authentication form.
It is an extra layer of security.
It may come in the form of a security code that is sent to your mobile device or
an email.
AWS Organizations
What is AWS Organization?
AWS Organizations is a container for your AWS accounts.
It comes with an organization root user by default.
It allows you to manage permissions of your organization's accounts.
Permissions in AWS organizations are controlled by service control policies

(SCPs).
SCPs allow you to restrict AWS resources and services for each account.
What Are Organizational Units

Organizational units (OUs) are groups of accounts in the AWS organization.
OUs are used to manage accounts with the same or similar permissions more
easily.
The permission policy of OU is applied to all OU accounts.
AWS Cloud Compliance

AWS Artifact
AWS Artifact is a service.
It provides access to compliance reports and AWS security on demand.
It consists of AWS Artifact Reports and AWS Artifact Agreements.
There are many regulations and reports you can find in AWS artifacts.
AWS Artifact Agreements

AWS Artifact Agreements are agreements about the use of certain types of
information.
Types of information are used throughout AWS services.
It can manage individual account agreements, or all AWS Organization accounts

agreements.
AWS Artifact Reports

AWS Artifact Reports give you compliance reports.
They give information about compliance responsibility regarding certain

standards.
AWS Artifact Reports are always up to date.
Denial-of-Service Attacks - DDoS

Denial-of-Service Attacks
Denial-of-service attacks (DoS) attack is an effort to make an application or a
website inaccessible.
The DoS causes an excessive flood of data that overloads an application or a
website network.
DoS attack comes from a single source.
Distributed Denial-of-Service Attacks

Distributed denial-of-service attacks (DDoS) attack comes from different
sources.
Like DoS, DDoS attempts to make an application or a website inaccessible.
The attack can come from more than one attacker or a single attacker that uses
bots.
Bots are infected computers that automatically flood your application or a

website with excessive traffic.
AWS provides you with an AWS Shield to reduce DoS and DDoS attack effects
on your application or a website.
AWS Shield
AWS Shield gives protection against DoS and DDoS attacks.
It provides standard and advanced protection.
AWS Shield Standard protection protects all AWS users at no expense.
AWS Shield Advanced is a paid service.
AWS Shield Advanced provides attack details and can minimize the effects of
more complex attacks.
Additional Security Services

AWS KMS
AWS KMS is also known as AWS Key Management Service.
It ensures the security of your application data with cryptographic keys.
A cryptographic key is a sequence of characters that may be used to encrypt or

decrypt data.
Data encryption is locking the data.
Data decryption is unlocking the data.
You are in complete control of your keys.
You can allow IAM users to manage AWS KMS keys.
AWS WAF
AWS WAF is also known as AWS Web Application Firewall.
It monitors your application's network requests.
It can allow or block network traffic.
To allow or block network traffic, AWS WAF uses ACL (web access control list).
Amazon Inspector
Amazon Inspector helps you improve applications security.
It also helps improve applications compliance.
It checks the application for software versions and other vulnerabilities.

It offers you a report of all security issues and solutions recommendations for
your application.
Amazon GuardDuty
Amazon GuardDuty is a threat detection service.
It detects threats for AWS resources and infrastructure.
It does so by constantly monitoring activity on the network.
Like Amazon Inspector, it reports found threats and fixes recommendations.
 AWS Security Blog

 AWS Compliance
AWS Monitoring and Analytics

 AWS CloudWatch
 AWS CloudTrail
 AWS TrustedAdvisor
AWS CloudWatch
Cloud Monitoring and Management Service

- AWS CloudWatch
CloudWatch lets you monitor your resources.
It is a web-based service.
Configure the service to monitor and set alarms based on your metrics.
Read about Metrics in the AWS Documentation: CloudWatch Metrics
CloudWatch Alarms
CloudWatch lets you create automatic alarms.
Configure the alarms as you like.
Alarms are triggered at thresholds defined by you.
Alarms are used to control resources. For example, stop idle or near to inactive
services.
Read about Alarms in the AWS Documentation: CloudWatch Alarms
CloudWatch Dashboard
Access CloudWatch from your browser.
It gives you an overview of your resources in one single view.
CloudWatch gives insights across AWS services.
You can make many dashboards based on your needs.

AWS CloudTrail
Cloud Action Logging Service - AWS
CloudTrail
CloudTrail logs actions inside your AWS environment.
It records API calls on your account.
CloudTrail
CloudTrail logs actions on your account as a trail.
Example of data logs:
 Identity
 Time
 IP address
 and much more.
CloudTrail gives a complete history of user activity and API calls on your
resources.
CloudTrail Events
CloudTrail can be used to create events.
Events are set up to understand what has happened.
CloudTrail lets you filter and locates specific events.
Events can for example, tell us:
 What?
 Who?
 When?
 How?
The event gives situational insight.
CloudTrail Insights
CloudTrail has a feature called CloudTrail Insights.
Insights let you detect unusual API activities on your account by automation.
Read more about CloudTrail Insights at: CloudTrail Insights Product Page

AWS TrustedAdvisor
Cloud Inspection Service - AWS
TrustedAdvisor
TrustedAdvisor checks your account, evaluates, and recommends.
It recommends helping you follow AWS best practices.
How TrustedAdvisor Works

TrustedAdvisor is a web-based, real-time recommendation service.
The service checks your account and compares its findings to the following
categories:
 Cost optimization
 Performance
 Security
 Fault tolerance
 Service limits
TrustedAdvisor returns a list of recommended actions.
It will also provide recommendations for learning material to understand AWS

best practices better.
AWS TrustedAdvisor Dashboard

TrustedAdvisor has a dashboard.
The dashboard is web-based.
Access TrustedAdvisor from the AWS Management Console.

The dashboard gives you an overview of the completed checks and results per
category.
 Green check: no problems

 Orange triangle: recommended investigations
 Red circle: recommended actions
AWS Pricing and Support

AWS Free tier
Get an AWS Free Tier Account
The AWS Free Tier lets you try services for free for the specified period.
It has three different offerings:
 Always Free
 12 Months Free
 Trials
 Always Free
 The offers in Always Free do not expire.
 Always Free is available to everyone.
 You need to have an account to get started.


12 Months Free Trails
 This offer is free for the first 12 months.
 It starts to count when you sign up with an account.
 With 12 Months Free, you get more data to play with.

 Trails are short-term offers.

 It is for specific services.
 The trial period starts when you activate the service.
 The period length differs from service to service.
 Examples: 30 days, 90 days, or 150 free hours of consumption.
AWS Pricing Models

loud Pricing Models - AWS
AWS has many different pay-as-you-go pricing options.
Pay for What You Use

Pay only for the resources that you use.
No need for long-term contracts.
No need for licensing agreements.
Pay Less When You Reserve

Requires a commitment for future consumption.
You need to pay no matter if you use the services or not.
Reserve resources will give you a discount.

This option is for those who know that they need the resources in the future.
Pay Less with Volume-Based Discount

When You Use More
The service gets cheaper the more you use.
Pricing per unit gets lower when you cross a threshold.
More use, pay less.
AWS Pricing Calculator

The Pricing Calculator lets you create a cost estimate for the use of AWS
resources.
Organize the estimates into groups.
Use the groups to simulate how your business is organized. For example, by
cost centers.
The estimates can be shared with others by links.

The estimations can be detailed on the resource and its specifications.
Helping you make better decisions.
For example: Deciding which region to pick and what requirements to use on
the instance.
AWS Billing Dashboard

WS Billing Dashboard Use
The Billing Dashboard lets you pay your AWS bill, monitor usage, and analyze
costs.
 Compare billing periods

 View spending, for example: daily, monthly, or year-to-date
 Find out how much use you have left on the Free Tier
 Saving plans
 Create cost and usage reports
AWS Consolidated Billing

consolidated Billing Cloud Services
AWS lets you manage several accounts from a central location.
The central location allows you to have one bill cross all the accounts.
Many accounts, one single bill.
Merging bills is the core of Consolidated Billing.
Benefits of Consolidated Billing

One bill for the AWS accounts in your organization.
It makes tracking costs easier.
Shared discounts cross accounts.
The max number of accounts per organization is 4.
Contact AWS Support to increase the limit.
AWS Budgets
Budget for Cloud Services - AWS
AWS Budget lets you plan usage, cost, and instance reservations.
The information in AWS Budget is updated three times a day.
Create custom alerts in Budgets.
Use the alerts to warn you if you surpass the usage forecast.
Budget Overview
The Budget lets you compare actual vs. budgeted use.
It enables you to compare budgets with many dimensions.

Read more about Budgets at AWS Documentation: AWS Budgets Product Page
AWS Cost Explorer

Cost Visualization Tool - AWS Cost Explorer
Cost Explorer lets you visualize, understand, and manage your AWS costs.
The tool is used to create reports and analyze expenses.
AWS Cost Explorer Overview

Cost Explorer visualizes your cost and usage.
Filters and groups help you to drill down to find insights.

AWS Cost Explorer Dashboard
Cost Explorer has a web-based dashboard.
It lets you filter on periods, services, usage, and much more.
Cost Explorer helps you to understand better what drives cost.
The insights help you to optimize costs and make better decisions.
Read more about Cost Explorer at: AWS Cost Explorer Product Page
AWS Support Plans

AWS Cloud Support Plans
AWS offers four different support plans.
 Basic
 Developer
 Business
 Enterprise
Basic Support
Basic is the default support option.
Basic support is free.
It grants access to whitepapers, documentation, and support communities.
There are limitations for what you can contact AWS for.
Paid Support
You need to pay to access a higher level of support than basic.
The alternatives are:
 Developer: lowest cost

 Business: cost in the middle
 Enterprise: highest cost
The alternatives cover different needs.
All plans have a monthly price.
Read here to compare support plans: Compare AWS Support Plans
Developer Support
Access to everything in Basic plus:
 Best practice guidance

 Client-side diagnostic tools
 Building-block architecture support on how to use AWS services together
Business Support
Everything in Basic and Developer plus:
 Use-case guidance
 All TrustedAdvisor checks
 Limited support for third-party software
Enterprise Support
Everything in Basic, Developer, and Business plus:
 Application architecture guidance

 A short project to assess and guide your company on architecture and
scale
 Technical account manager
Technical Account Manager (TAM)

The Enterprise Plan includes access to a Technical Account Manager.
The TAM is the primary point of contact.
She helps you with design, architecture, and how to grow with AWS.
The TAM has access to expertise in all AWS services.
AWS Marketplace
AWS Marketplace
AWS Marketplace lets you list and sell software.
What is AWS Marketplace?

Marketplace is a digital catalog where vendors can list and sell their software.
Here you can explore, test, and purchase software that runs on AWS.
It gives detailed product information on listings such as:
 Pricing
 Support options
 Customer reviews
AWS Marketplace Categories

Listings are categorized.
The categories help you to find better what you are looking for.
They are also making it easier for others to find your listing.
Overview of the categories:

Read more about Marketplace at AWS Documentation: AWS Marketplace

Product Page
Cloud Migration and Innovation

 Migration and innovation in the AWS Cloud
 AWS Cloud Adoption Framework
 Key factors of a cloud migration
 Benefits of AWS data migration solutions
 Summary of AWS innovative solutions
AWS CAF - Cloud Adoption

Framework
What is AWS CAF?
AWS CAF is a framework that walks you through migration of applications to the
cloud.
It provides suggestions assisting you in the migration process.
CAF has six focus areas:
1. Business
2. People
3. Governance
4. Platform
5. Security
6. Operations
Business Perspective
The Business Perspective is about justifying the investment.
The Business Perspective ensures that business and IT objectives meets the
investment.
Roles in the Business Perspectives are:
 Budget owners
 Business managers
 Finance managers
 Strategy stakeholders
People Perspective
The People Perspective evaluates skills, requirements, and roles in your
organization.
It is about making sure that you have the right skills, competence, and
processes in place to move to the cloud.
The evaluation process helps you implement necessary changes or

improvements.
Roles in the People Perspectives are:
 People managers
 Human resources (HR)
 Staffing
Governance Perspective
The Governance Perspective is about minimizing the risk.
And simultaneously, to maximize the business value.
It helps you to understand the gaps.
Giving you an understanding of how to ensure processes and staff skills.
Roles in the Governance Perspectives are:
 Chief Information Officer (CIO)

 Enterprise architects
 Business analysts
 Program managers
 Portfolio managers
Platform Perspective
The Platform Perspective helps you deploy new cloud solutions.
It also helps you migrate on-premises workload to the cloud.
Roles in the Platform Perspectives are:
 Chief Technology Officer (CTO)

 Solutions architects
 IT managers
Security Perspective
The Security Perspective ensures that the organization's security objectives are
met.
The Security Perspective includes objectives for:

 Agility
 Visibility
 Auditability
 Control
Roles in the Security Perspectives are:
 Chief Information Security Officer (CISO)

 IT security analysts
 IT security managers
Operations Perspective
The Operations Perspective is about running the business.
Ensuring that the business operations meet the expectations.
It includes a year-to-year, quarter-to-quarter, and day-to-day business.
It helps define the necessary changes needed for successful cloud adoption.
Roles in the Operations Perspectives are:
 IT operations managers
 IT support managers
Cloud Migration Strategies

What Are Migration Strategies?
Migration Strategies are plans that help you move your applications into the
cloud.
There are six most common strategies you can implement for your application
migration:
1. Rehosting
2. Replatforming
3. Refactoring
4. Repurchasing
5. Retaining
6. Retiring
7. Rehosting
8. Rehosting is also called lift-and-shift.
9. It is a process of moving applications without making any changes to
them.
10.
11. Replatforming
12. Replatforming is also called lift, tinker and shift.
13. It is a process of moving applications with cloud optimizations.
14.
15. Refactoring
16. Refactoring is also called re-architecting.
17. It is a process of changing the application foundation/core and/or
environment.
18. It helps with application scaling, performance, and further
development.
19.
20. Repurchasing
21. Repurchasing is a process of changing business type.
22. It moves your application to a software-as-a-service
(SaaS) model from a traditional model.
23. Retaining
24. Retaining involves keeping crucial business applications.
25. It could include applications that require refactoring before
migration.
26.
27. Retiring
28. It is a process of removing unnecessary applications
AWS Snow Family
What is AWS Snow Family?
AWS Snow Family is a group of devices that transport data in and out of AWS.
AWS Snow Family devices are physical devices.
They can transfer up to exabytes of data.
One exabyte is 1 000 000 000 000 megabytes.
AWS Snow Family include three device types:
 AWS Snowcone
 AWS Snowball
 AWS Snowmobile
 AWS Snowcone
 AWS Snowcone is a secure and small device.
 It transfers data.
 It is made out of 8 TB of storage space, 4 GB of memory, and 2 CPUs.

 AWS Snowball
 AWS Snowball has 2 types of devices, described in the table below.
Snowball Edge Snowball Edge Compute Optimized devices

Storage Optimized
devices
Great for large-scale Great for services that require a large amount of computing resou
data migrations
Have 80 TB of HDD Have 42 TB of HDD storage for object storage, and 7.68 TB of NV
Snowball Edge Snowball Edge Compute Optimized devices
Storage Optimized
devices
storage space for

object storage
Have 1 TB of SSD Work on 208 Gib of memory and 52 vCPUs.

storage for block
volumes
AWS Snowmobile
AWS Snowmobile moves large amounts of data to AWS.
It can transfer up to 100 petabytes of data
One petabyte is 1 000 000 000 megabytes.
Innovation With AWS Cloud

Innovate with AWS Cloud
Innovation with AWS can improve your business in the cloud.
AWS Services help you:
 Evaluate your current business state

 Determine the state you want to be at
 Deal with the problems you need to solve
Some options for solving your problems that AWS offers you are:
 Machine Learning (ML)

 Artificial Intelligence (AI)
 Serverless applications
Machine Learning - ML
AWS offers you a tool that helps you develop ML features in the AWS cloud.
AWS has a service called Amazon SageMaker.
SageMaker reduces the development time and complexity of ML.
With ML, you can predict situations, solve complex issues, analyze data, and
more.
Read more about Machine learning here: Machine Learning Tutorial
Artificial Intelligence - AI
Artificial Intelligence - AI is software capable of performing complex human
tasks.
AWS offers many services that are AI-powered:
 Service to build voice and text chatbots - Amazon Lex

 Service that can convert text to speech - Amazon Transcribe
 Service that can discover text patterns - Amazon Comprehend
 Service that can detect potential fraud activities online - Amazon Fraud
Detection
Read more about Artificial Intelligence here: Artificial Intelligence Tutorial
Serverless Applications
In AWS, you can run the serverless application with a service called AWS
Lambda.
It maintains the server for you.

It allows you to give more attention to application development than to
administration tasks.
Read more about Serverless and AWS Lambda here:
 AWS Lambda
 AWS Serverless
AWS Cloud Journey

 Summary of the Well-Architected Framework
 Cloud computing benefits
AWS Well-Architected
Framework
What is AWS Well-Architected Framework?
AWS Well-Architected Framework is a tool that uses best practices to find
improvements for your applications in the cloud.
It helps you in five areas:
1. Operational excellence
2. Security
3. Reliability
4. Performance efficiency
5. Cost optimization
Those areas are also called the five pillars of AWS Well-Architected

Framework.
Operational Excelence Pillar
The operational excellence pillar is a capacity to manage and monitor systems.
It improves supporting systems processes and procedures.
It includes:
 Making small and reversible changes

 Prediction of system disruptions
 Performing code tasks
 Making documentation notes
Security Pillar
The security pillar consists of protecting systems and data.
Well-Architected Framework applies security at all levels.
It protects both stored and in-transit data.
When possible, best security practices are automatically applied.
Reliability Pillar
The reliability pillar is the ability to minimize disruptions of the system.
It obtains computing resources as needed.
It entails boosting system availability.
It automatically recovers the system from disruptions.

Performance Efficiency Pillar
The performance efficiency pillar is the capacity to accurately use computing
resources.
It satisfies the efficiency on demand.
Cost Optimization Pillar

Cost optimization pillar helps you run your cloud services at the lowest price
points.
Cost optimization performs operations such as:
 Analysis of your costs

 Operating managed services
 Makes sure you only pay for what you use
Relevant Specializations and Guided

Projects
1. Hosting Static Page in AWS S3
2. Publish a NodeJS Website
Benefits of the AWS Cloud

What Are the Benefits of the AWS Cloud?
There are six crucial benefits of the AWS Cloud:
 Trade upfront expense for variable expense
 Benefit from massive economies of scale
 Stop guessing capacity
 Increase speed and agility
 Stop spending money running and maintaining data centers
 Go global in minutes
Trade Upfront Expense for Variable Expense

AWS Cloud makes sure you pay only for what you use.
It helps you avoid unnecessary investments in infrastructure like servers or data

centers.
Benefit from Massive Economies of Scale

By utilizing cloud computing, you might receive a cheaper variable cost.
Because of the high number of clients in the cloud, you can achieve lower pay-
as-you-go rates.
Stop Guessing Capacity

AWS Cloud helps you lower your capacity cost.
You only pay what you use.
Increase Speed and Agility

AWS Cloud makes application deployment fast and easy.
Stop Spending Money Running and
Maintaining Data Centers
AWS Cloud gives you more time to focus on your customers and applications.
It does so by managing servers for you.
Go Global in Minutes
AWS Cloud allows you to deploy apps quickly and with little latency.
Related reads:
 AWS Well-Architected
 Whitepaper: AWS Well-Architected Framework
 AWS Architecture Center
 Six Advantages of Cloud Computing
 AWS Architecture Blog
AWS Cloud Practitioner Exam

Preparation Course
AWS Cloud Practitioner Exam Prep
W3Schools AWS Cloud Practitioner Tutorial is free.
The Tutorial is a complete AWS Certified Cloud Practitioner course.
It will help you prepare and increase your chances of passing the Exam.
You do not have to take the exam to read this tutorial
The Tutorial is available and free for everyone.
Exam Subjects
The Exam has four different subjects that you have to study.
 Cloud concepts
 Security and compliance
 Technology
 Billing and pricing
Read the AWS Exam Guide for more information about the subjects Exam Guide
It is recommended to read the Exam Guide. It is a part of the preparation.
Subject Exam Weight

The Exam subjects are weighted.
The weighted numbers are estimated and might not be exact.
They should be used as a guide to help you understand what to study.
Some questions cover multiple subjects.
Here is an overview of the weighted subjects:
Subject
Cloud Concepts
Security and Compliance
Technology
Billing and Pricing
Total
Recommended Experience
It is recommended to have a basic understanding of AWS Cloud and IT services
before taking the Exam.
A rule of thumb is to have at least six months of experience with AWS Cloud.
However, there are no restrictions to take it earlier, as long as you have

prepared well.
Exam Details
The Exam consists of 65 multiple-choice questions. The Exam is time-limited to
90 minutes.
Candidates must have 70% correct answers to pass the Exam and become
certified.
Unanswered questions count as incorrect. Always answer, even if you are

guessing.
You can go back and review questions.
Immediately after completing the Exam, you will be informed of your score and
of your pass/fail status.
Schedule Exam
Getting a certificate proves your commitment to upgrade your skills gives you
the credibility needed for more responsibilities, larger projects, and a higher
salary.
Schedule your Exam today and get started!
Study for free with W3Schools. Click the "Next" button to continue!
Schedule Exam »
AWS Cloud Exercises

ou can test your AWS Cloud skills with W3Schools' Exercises.
Exercises
We have gathered a variety of AWS Cloud exercises (with answers) for each
AWS Cloud Chapter.
Try to solve an exercise by editing some code, or show the answer to see what
you've done wrong.
Count Your Score

You will get 1 point for each correct answer. Your score and total score will
always be displayed.
Start AWS Cloud Exercises

Good luck!
Start AWS Cloud Exercises ❯
If you don't know AWS Cloud, we suggest that you read our AWS Cloud
Tutorial from scratch.
AWS Certified Cloud Practitioner
AWS offers a Certification Program for AWS Cloud Practitioner.

Completing the exam grants the AWS Certified Cloud Practitioner title.
This is for you who want to boost your skills and add credentials to your CV.

Get a Certificate
Getting a certificate proves your commitment to upgrade your skills, gives you
salary.
Schedule Exam »
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AWS Cloud Practitioner

Preparation Quiz
You can use the AWS Cloud Practitioner Quiz to prepare for your certification exam.
The Test
The test contains 40 questions and there is no time limit.
The test is not official, it's just a nice way to see how much you know, or don't know, about the AWS
Cloud.
Count Your Score

You will get 1 point for each correct answer. At the end of the Quiz, your total score will be
displayed. Maximum score is 40 points.
Start the Quiz

Good luck!
Start the AWS Cloud Quiz ❯
If you don't know AWS Cloud, we suggest that you read our AWS Cloud Practitioner Tutorial from
scratch.
AWS Cloud Practitioner Exam
AWS offers a Certification Program for AWS Cloud Practitioner.
Completing the exam grants the AWS Certified Cloud Practitioner title.
This is for you who want to boost your skills and add credentials to your CV.

Get a Certificate
Getting a certificate proves your commitment to upgrade your skills, gives you
salary.
Schedule Exam »
Specialize in AWS Fundamentals

Applied learning
Work hands-on with tools and technologies
Learning Flexibility
Study at your own pace. Be in control of your time
Earn a certificate
Document your knowledge and skills

This Specialization helps you to specialize in AWS Fundamentals.
Learn with subject matter Experts in this applied learning experience.
You will be tutored by:
 Morgan Willis
 Rudy Chetty
 Hong Pham
 Seph Robinson
 Rick Hurst
 Jonathan Dion
 Adam Becker
 Bobbie Atristain
 Wes Gruver
The format is a text and video guided by a trainer.
Modern Application Development with

Java on AWS Specialization
Learn the benefits of AWS
Learn to build modern application with Node.JS
Create a database with AWS DynamoDB

What you will learn
 AWS Cloud Essentials.
 Concepts of security.
 Various AWS services.
 Data storage best practices.
Why get Specialized in AWS Fundamentals

Gain job-relevant skills with flexible and applied learning experiences.
Build competence by learning from subject matter experts.
Increase your employability by adding value to your CV and resume.
Save time and money by taking taking a specialization that costs a fraction of
a full qualification, and getting the same results.
How a Specialization Works

Working through a series of courses that help you master a skill.
Try things on your own and pay attention to the instructions given by the
trainer.
Video and reading-based learning where you get to work on a hands-on project.
Track your course enrollments and progress in your learner dashboard.
Specialization Overview
Fee: 39 USD per month
Duration: 4 months
Earn a certificate: Yes
Difficulty level: Beginner
Language: English
Format: Text and video
Vendor: Coursera
Start now »
Flexible learning experiences

Gain relevant skills at your own pace.
Build your skills bite-sized to better digest and process the learning.
Be in control of your own experience and time.
Apply what you have learned right away!
Earn a certificate
Pass the final quiz and earn your certificate.
Getting a certificate proves your commitment to upgrading your skills.
The certificate can be added as credentials to your CV, Resume, LinkedIn

profile, etc.
It gives you the credibility needed for more responsibilities, larger projects, and
a higher salary.
Knowledge is power, especially in the current job market.
Documentation of your skills enables you to advance your career or helps you to
start a new one.
Start Specialization »
On this page, W3schools.com collaborates with Coursera, to deliver digital

training content to our students.
Specialize in Modern Application

Development with Java on AWS
Applied learning
Earn a certificate

This Specialization helps you to become a modern web developer.
 Morgan Willis
 Jonathan Dion
 Seph Robinson
 Rick Hurst


What you will learn
 Create Java Application on AWS.
 AWS DynamoDB.
 AWS CodeGuru.
Why get Specialized in Modern Application


trainer.
Duration: 5 months
Language: English
Vendor: Coursera
Start now »

Earn a certificate

profile, etc.
a higher salary.
start a new one.
Specialize in Modern Application Development with Java on AWS

Development with Node.js on
AWS
Applied learning
Earn a certificate

Development with Node.js on AWS
 Morgan Willis
 Jonathan Dion
 Seph Robinson


What you will learn
 Create Java Application on AWS.
 AWS DynamoDB.

Development with Node.js on AWS

trainer.
Duration: 4 months
Language: English
Vendor: Coursera
Start now »

Earn a certificate

profile, etc.
a higher salary.
start a new one.
Specialize in Modern Application Development with Node.js on AWS
Start Specialization »

Development with Python on
AWS
Applied learning
Earn a certificate

Development with Python on AWS
 Morgan Willis
 Jonathan Dion
 Seph Robinson

What you will learn

 Create Python Application on AWS.
 AWS DynamoDB.
 AWS CodeGuru.

Development with Python on AWS
Gain job-relevant skills with short and applied learning experiences.
trainer.
Duration: 5 months
Language: English
Vendor: Coursera
Start now »


Earn a certificate

profile, etc.
a higher salary.
start a new one.
Specialize in Modern Application Development with Python on AWS
Learn to Create a Virtual Machine

Using AWS EC2
Applied learning
Earn a certificate
Learn to Create a Virtual Machine Using

AWS EC2
This Guided Project helps you to learn how to create virtual machines with
Amazon AWS.
Learn with Justin Cannady, our subject matter Expert in this applied learning
experience.
The format is a split-screen video where you follow the step-by-step instructions
from the trainer.
What you will learn

 Set up your account with AWS.
 A basic introduction to virtual machines.
 Create virtual machines with AWS EC2.
 Test and run Linux-based virtual machines in AWS.
Why learn with a Guided Project?


Save time and money by taking doing a guided project that costs a fraction of
How a Guided Project works

Video-based learning where you get hands-on with a split screen.
trainer.
It has everything you need right in the browser. Complete cloud-based, no

download required.
Learn step-by-step in a split-screen environment with a subject matter expert.
Project Overview
Fee: FREE
Duration: 120 min
Language: English
Format: Split-screen video
Device: Desktop only
Other: No downloads needed
Vendor: Coursera
Start now »
Short learning experiences
Gain relevant skills in less than two hours.
Earn a certificate

profile, etc.
a higher salary.
start a new one.
Learn to Deploy a WordPress

Website in AWS EC2
Applied learning
Earn a certificate
Learn to Deploy a Wordpress Website in

AWS EC2
This Guided Project helps you to learn to deploy a Wordpress website using
AWS EC2
Learn with Rogerio Guimaraes, our subject matter Expert in this applied

learning experience.
from the trainer.
What you will learn

 Understanding the basics of AWS EC2.
 Create and connect virtual machines.
 Enable virtual machines for in and outbound traffic.
 Install and configure Apache, PHP, and MySQL server in a Linux instance.
 Install WordPress in an EC2 Linux instance.


trainer.

download required.
Project Overview
Fee: 9.99 USD
Duration: 120 min
Language: English
Vendor: Coursera
Start now »
Earn a certificate

profile, etc.
a higher salary.
start a new one.
Learn AWS S3 Basics

Applied learning
Earn a certificate
Learn AWS S3 Basics

This Guided Project helps you to learn the basics of AWS S3.
Learn with Sorabh Kaushik, our subject matter Expert in this applied learning
experience.
from the trainer.
What you will learn

 Create and upload content to your first S3 Bucket.
 Enable encryption, versioning, and, lifecycle rules.
 Create a static webpage using S3
 How to show your knowledge of AWS S3 in an interview.



trainer.

download required.
Project Overview
Fee: FREE
Duration: 120 min
Language: English
Vendor: Coursera
Start now »
Earn a certificate

profile, etc.
a higher salary.
start a new one.
Host a Static Website in AWS S3

Applied learning
Earn a certificate
Learn How to Host a Static Website in AWS

S3
This Guided Project helps you to learn how to host a static website with AWS
S3.
Learn with Rogerio Guimaraes, our subject matter Expert in this applied

from the trainer.
What you will learn

 Upload a static website to S3.
 Make a static website public.
 Configure main and error pages.
 Update a website and roll back changes.



trainer.

download required.
Project Overview
Fee: 9.99 USD
Duration: 60 min
Language: English
Vendor: Coursera
Start now »
Earn a certificate

profile, etc.
a higher salary.
start a new one.
Learn How to Host a Static Website in AWS S3
Learn How to Publish a NodeJS

Website from Scratch
Applied learning
Earn a certificate
Learn How to Publish a NodeJS Website

from Scratch
This Guided Project helps you to learn how to publish a NodeJS website from
scratch.
Learn with Erjan Gavalji, our subject matter Expert in this applied learning
experience.
from the trainer.
What you will learn

 Start an AWS Instance.
 IP address and port configurations
 Serve NodeJS application with Apache.
 Start the application automatically.

trainer.

download required.
Project Overview
Fee: 9.99 USD
Duration: 120 min
Language: English
Vendor: Coursera
Start now »

Earn a certificate

profile, etc.
a higher salary.
start a new one.
Learn JavaScript Variables and
Assignment Operators
Applied learning
Earn a certificate
Learn JavaScript Variables and Assignment

Operators
This Guided Project helps you to learn JavaScript variables and assignment
operators.
Learn with Judy Richardson, our subject matter Expert in this applied learning
experience.
from the trainer.
What you will learn

 How to use javascript variable.
 Proper javascript variable syntax and naming rules.
 Significance of data types.
 Display javascript variable data on a web page.


trainer.

download required.
Project Overview
Fee: 9.99 USD
Duration: 115 min
Language: English
Vendor: Coursera
Start now »

Earn a certificate

profile, etc.
a higher salary.
start a new one.
Learn How to Work with MySQL
DB instance using AWS RDS
Applied learning
Earn a certificate
Learn How to Work with MySQL DB

instance using AWS RDS
This Guided Project helps you to learn how to work with MySQL Db instance
using AWS RDS.
Learn with Sandesh Belthangady, our subject matter Expert in this applied

from the trainer.
What you will learn

 Making a MySQL database instance.
 Make a security group.
 Use MySQL client to connect to the database instance.
 Data entry into the database and DB instance termination.


trainer.

download required.
Project Overview
Fee: 9.99 USD
Duration: 60 min
Language: English
Vendor: Coursera
Start now »

Earn a certificate

profile, etc.
a higher salary.
start a new one.
Learn How to Work with MySQL DB instance using AWS RDS
Learn Static Website Hosting and

Cross-Region Replication
Applied learning
Earn a certificate
Learn Static Website Hosting and Cross-

Region Replication
This Guided Project helps you to learn static website hosting with cross-region
replication.
Learn with Ann Kovattil, our subject matter Expert in this applied learning
experience.
from the trainer.
What you will learn
 Create and configure Source and Destination Buckets.
 Configure static website hosting.
 Configure rules for replication.
 Pre-Signed URL generation.


trainer.

download required.
Project Overview
Fee: FREE
Duration: 120 min
Language: English
Vendor: Coursera
Start now »

Earn a certificate

profile, etc.
a higher salary.
start a new one.
Learn Static Website Hosting and Cross-Region Replication
Learn to use Amazon Aurora

Database in AWS
Applied learning
Earn a certificate
Learn to use Amazon Aurora Database in

AWS
This Guided Project helps you learn how to work with Amazon Aurora Database
in AWS.
Learn with Sorabh Kaushik, our subject matter Expert in this applied learning
experience.
from the trainer.
What you will learn
 Learn how to set up a Virtual Private Network (VPC).
 Get experience using MySQL Workbench.
 Set up Amazon Aurora Database and connect via EC2 using MySQL
Workbench.
 How to show your knowledge of Amazon Aurora Database in AWS in an
interview.


trainer.

download required.
Project Overview
Fee: $9.99
Duration: 120 min
Difficulty level: Intermediate
Language: English
Vendor: Coursera
Start now »

Earn a certificate

profile, etc.
a higher salary.
start a new one.
Learn to use Amazon DynamoDB

with Python and Boto3
Applied learning
Earn a certificate
Learn to use Amazon DynamoDB with

Python and Boto3
This Guided Project helps you learn how to work with Amazon DynamoDB using
Python and Boto3.
Learn with Mohammed Murtuza Qureshi, our subject matter Expert in this

applied learning experience.
from the trainer.
What you will learn
 Learn how to use DynamoDB to create a NoSQL Database.
 Get experience with programmatically accessing AWS resources.
 Gain knowledge on how to perform CRUD operations in DynamoDB.
 Gain skills in creating indexes to perform queries.


trainer.

download required.
Project Overview
Fee: $9.99
Duration: 120 min
Language: English
Vendor: Coursera
Start now »

Earn a certificate

profile, etc.
a higher salary.
start a new one.
Learn to use Amazon DynamoDB with Python and Boto3
Get Started with AWS Elastic

Container Registry (ECR)
Applied learning
Earn a certificate
Get Started with AWS Elastic Container

Registry (ECR)
This Guided Project helps you learn how to set up an AWS Elastic Container
Registry.
Learn with Sandesh Belthangady, our subject matter Expert in this applied

from the trainer.
What you will learn
 Learn how to set up an AWS Elastic Container Registry with AWS CLI.
 Gain knowledge about Amazon ECR.
 Get experience with Docker.
 How to show your knowledge of AWS Elastic Container Registry (AWS
ECR) and AWS CLI in an interview.


trainer.

download required.
Project Overview
Fee: $9.99
Duration: 120 min
Difficulty level: Intermediate
Language: English
Vendor: Coursera
Start now »

Earn a certificate

profile, etc.
a higher salary.
start a new one.
Learn Object Detection with

Amazon Sagemaker
Applied learning
Earn a certificate
Learn Object Detection with Amazon

Sagemaker
This Guided Project helps you learn Object Detection with Amazon Sagemaker.
Learn with Amit Yadav, our subject matter Expert in this applied learning
experience.
from the trainer.
What you will learn
 Learn how to use Amazon Sagemaker to train and deploy an object
detector.
 Get experience with using machine learning algorithms.
 Discover how to use a model to localize faces and items from a dataset.
 How to show your knowledge of object detection with Amazon Sagemaker
in an interview.


trainer.

download required.
Project Overview
Fee: $9.99
Duration: 120 min
Language: English
Vendor: Coursera
Start now »

Earn a certificate

profile, etc.
a higher salary.
start a new one.
Learn Amazon Event Bridge and

Lambda
Applied learning
Earn a certificate
Learn Amazon Event Bridge and Lambda

This Guided Project helps you learn Amazon Event Bridge and Lambda.
Learn with Ann Kovattil, our subject matter Expert in this applied learning
experience.
from the trainer.
What you will learn
 Learn how to use Lambda functions.
 Get the experience of working with Event Bridge.
 Create event-driven architectures and invocations.
 How to show your knowledge of Lambda and Event Bridge in an
interview.

Gain job*-relevant skills with short and applied learning experiences.

trainer.

download required.
Project Overview
Fee: $9.99
Duration: 120 min
Language: English
Vendor: Coursera
Start now »

Earn a certificate

profile, etc.
a higher salary.
start a new one.
Learn Math for Machine Learning

Math is an important subject in Machine Learning.
It helps you to find useful patterns in the data.
The most used types of math are Linear Algebra, Probabiliy Theory, Statistics,
and Multivariate Calculus.
This tutorial will teach you the fundamentals to get started.
Why You Should Learn Machine Learning

There are many job opportunities.
It is the first step towards becoming a Data Scientist.
It is becoming very popular.
Machine learning is a field of study that gives computers the ability to learn,
without being explicitly programmed.
- Arthur Samuel, 1959
Tutorial Information
Format: Video.
Prerequisites: Higher education math.
Time to complete: Eight hours.

Content collaboration: W3schools.com is collaborates with Amazon Web
Services on this tutorial to deliver digital training content to our students.
Learn Vectors - Machine Learning

earn Vectors
Vectors are 1-dimensional Arrays
Vectors have a Magnitude and a Direction
Vectors typically describes Motion or Force
Read more about Vectors in our Machine Learning Tutorial: Vectors Chapter
The Machine Learning Context

In this section we'll explain how mathematics can enhance your machine
learning models and improve your decision-making.
Before watching the first video, take a moment to review the machine learning
pipeline and how mathematics supports it.
The Machine Learning Pipeline in Math:
 Phase 1: Data Processing

 Phase 2: Feature Engineering and Selection
 Phase 3: Modeling
 Phase 4: Optimization
Learn Vectors and Matrices -

Machine Learning
Learn Geometry of Column
Vectors - Machine Learning
❮ PreviousNext ❯
Geometry of Column Vectors Video

In this video you’ll learn how vectors are represented in terms of their directions
in space, so you can visually understand vector operations.
Learn Measures of Magnitude -

Machine Learning
Measures of Magnitude Video
Continuing the discussion of vectors from the previous video.
Here you’ll learn how to find the length of a vector using various norms before
doing a short exercise.
Learn Vectors in Code - Machine

Learning
Vectors in Code Video
In this video, you’ll learn how to describe math to people using LaTeX, and how
you can describe math to machines using Python programming.
Learn Linear Algebra - Machine
Learning
Learn Linear Algebra
Artificial Intelligence experts cannot live without Linear Algebra:
 AI make heavy use of Scalars

 AI make heavy use of Vectors
 AI make heavy use of Matrices
 AI make heavy use of Tensors
Read more about Linear Algebra in our Machine Learning Tutorial: Linear

Algebra Chapter
Learn Motivation - Machine

Learning
Motivation Video
In this video you will learn about the intuition and reasoning behind matrix
multiplication.
Motivation Video
In this video you will learn about the intuition and reasoning behind matrix
multiplication.
Dot Products Video

In this video we will define the Dot Product of two vectors.
Learn Matrix Multiplication -
Machine Learning
Matrix Multiplication Video

In this video we will discuss how to multiply two matrices
Learn The Hadamard Product -

Machine Learning
The Hadamard Product Video
In this video you will learn about the Hadamard product.
This is an alternative matrix multiplication method.
Learn Product Properties -

Machine Learning
Product Properties Video
In this video you will learn about the fundemental algebraic laws of:
 Distributivity
 Associativity
 Commutativity
With regard to regular Matrix multiplication and the Hadamard product.

Learn the Geometry of Matrix
Operations - Machine Learning
Geometry of Matrix Operations Video
In this video you will learn about rearranging a sample 2x2 matrix.
Learn Determinant Computation

- Machine Learning
Determinant Computation Video
In this video we will discuss how to identify space volume changes.
Learn Invertibility - Machine

Learning
Invertibility Video
In this video we will discuss when to invert a matrix and how to find the
inverse.
Learn Linear Dependence -

Machine Learning
Linear Dependence Video
In this video we will discuss linear dependency of vectors.

AWS Cloud Intro

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AWS Cloud Intro

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AWS Cloud Intro

What is AWS Cloud?

The first product (S3) was released in 2006.

It is, to date, the largest cloud provider in the world.

Why Learn AWS?

The tutorial has a broad audience, such as:

How Does It Work?

AWS Cloud Get Started

So let us get started with creating your free account!

Step 2: Click the "Create a free account" button.

AWS Cloud Computing

It is about many clients using services from a centralized server.

Read about the Benefits of Cloud Computing at: Cloud Benefits

What is the Client-Server Model?

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What is Cloud Computing?

Cloud computing is a pay-as-you-go model for delivering IT resources.

You pay only for what you use.

There are different levels of services ranging from low to high.

The level of service has different requirements on your management,

For example, a company might create an application consisting of virtual

On-Premises Deployment is also known as private cloud deployment.

Though this model is much like legacy IT infrastructure, its application

This approach is relevant in many situations.

Cloud computing enables benefits such as:

The cloud services is a variable expense.

You pay for what you use

Sharing the infrastructure cost with hundreds of thousands of other customers

You can test and utilize resources as you want in minutes.

This freedom allows you to experiment and invent more.

It allows for instant resource access.

Customers can access your apps quickly.

AWS EC2 is short for AWS Elastic Cloud Compute.

It makes scaling of capacity up and down easy.

Why AWS EC2?

As a result, you can access the resources at demand.

No upfront investment is needed.

You only pay for what you need.

You can get started with EC2 in three steps.

The config includes the operating system, application server, or applications.

Programs and applications have multiple connection methods to exchange data.

AWS Cloud EC2 Instance Types

Which one to use depends on the needs.

More About EC2 Instance Types

Therefore, when selecting an instance type, consider the needs.

For example, needs can be a requirement for compute, memory, or storage.

It fits many purposes. Such as:

Compute Optimized Instances

Memory Optimized Instances

Memory is a temporary storage area.

Accelerated Computing Instances

The accelerators boost the data processing.

Storage Optimized Instances

 Large file systems

AWS Cloud EC2 Pricing

It offers different pricing options.

It requires no upfront costs or minimum amount on the purchase.

The instances run until you stop them.

You pay for what you use.

AWS EC2 Savings Plan

Committing to a period gives a discounted price.

Spot instances can give up to a 90% cost savings.

You can use your existing VM software licenses.