Literature Review

Since, the goal of a crime detection method is to predict and prevent

the criminal activities; therefore, the significance is very high.
Although, the conventional (non-machine learning) methods are
useful but they all operate independently. Therefore, a machine
which is capable to integrate the encouraging aspects of
conventional methods would be extremely advantageous.

ML-based criminal activities were predicted, detected, and examined

by using criminal data of Vancouver for the last 15 years. The ML-
based criminal activities analyses were involved in collecting the
data, classification, identification of the criminal patterns, prediction,
and visualization. The boosted decision tree and K-nearest neighbor
(KNN) models were used to examine the criminal dataset. Between
2003 and 2018, a total of 560,000 criminal datasets were
investigated, and predicted the criminal activities with accuracy
between 39% and 44%.

ML and data science-based models were implemented to predict and

detect the criminal activities from the Chicago criminal dataset [4].
Various combinations of the ML-models, including logistic regression,
SVM/KNN classification, decision trees, random forest, and Bayesian
models were examined; thereby selected the most accurate model
for training. The KNN classification achieved the best accuracy of
78.7%. The main goal of the study was to give a thought to the law
enforcement agencies to implement the ML-based approaches for
predicting, detecting, and solving the criminal activities at higher
rates to reduce the crimes in society.
A feature-level data fusion method using a DNN was proposed in [5]
to predict crime occurrence with high accuracy by combining multi-
model data from different domains with environmental context
knowledge. The database to predict the crime was composed of the
data taken from an online crime statistics database (Chicago),
meteorological and demographic data/images. Different ML models
were used for crime prediction, such as SVM, regression analysis,
kernel density estimation (KDE). The SVM and KDE models achieved
67.01% and 66.33% accuracies, respectively whereas the proposed
ML model achieved 84.25% accuracy.