known as tanegashima to the Japanese.

[53]
Gunpowder technology entered Java in the Mongol invasion of Java (1293 A.D.).
[54]: 1–2 [55][56]: 220  Majapahit under Mahapatih (prime minister) Gajah Mada
utilized gunpowder technology obtained from the Yuan dynasty for use in the naval
fleet.[57]: 57  During the following years, the Majapahit army have begun producing
cannons known as cetbang. Early cetbang (also called Eastern-style cetbang)
resembled Chinese cannons and hand cannons. Eastern-style cetbangs were mostly
made of bronze and were front-loaded cannons. It fires arrow-like projectiles, but
round bullets and co-viative projectiles[58] can also be used. These arrows can be
solid-tipped without explosives, or with explosives and incendiary materials placed
behind the tip. Near the rear, there is a combustion chamber or room, which refers to
the bulging part near the rear of the gun, where the gunpowder is placed. The cetbang
is mounted on a fixed mount, or as a hand cannon mounted on the end of a pole.
There is a tube-like section on the back of the cannon. In the hand cannon-type
cetbang, this tube is used as a socket for a pole.[59]: 94 
Arquebus and musket

Depiction of a musketeer (1608)

The arquebus was a firearm that appeared in Europe and the Ottoman Empire in the
early 15th century.[60] Its name is derived from the German word Hackenbüchse. It
originally described a hand cannon with a lug or hook on the underside for stabilizing
the weapon, usually on defensive fortifications.[61] In the early 1500s, heavier
variants known as "muskets" that were fired from resting Y-shaped supports
appeared. The musket was able to penetrate heavy armor, and as a result armor
declined, which also made the heavy musket obsolete. Although there is relatively
little to no difference in design between arquebus and musket except in size and
strength, it was the term musket which remained in use up into the 1800s.[62] It may
not be completely inaccurate to suggest that the musket was in its fabrication simply a
larger arquebus. At least on one occasion the musket and arquebus have been used
interchangeably to refer to the same weapon,[63] and even referred to as an "arquebus
musket."[64] A Habsburg commander in the mid-1560s once referred to muskets as
"double arquebuses."[65]
A shoulder stock[66] was added to the arquebus around 1470 and the matchlock
mechanism sometime before 1475. The matchlock arquebus was the first firearm
equipped with a trigger mechanism[12][67] and the first portable shoulder-arms
firearm.[68] Before the matchlock, handheld firearms were fired from the chest,
tucked under one arm, while the other arm maneuvered a hot pricker to the touch hole
to ignite the gunpowder.[69]
The Ottomans may have used arquebuses as early as the first half of the 15th century
during the Ottoman–Hungarian wars of 1443–1444.[70] The arquebus was used in
substantial numbers during the reign of king Matthias Corvinus of Hungary (r. 1458–
1490).[71] Arquebuses were used by 1472 by the Spanish and Portuguese at Zamora.
Likewise, the Castilians used arquebuses as well in 1476.[72] Later, a larger arquebus
known as a musket was used for breaching heavy armor, but this declined along with
heavy armor. Matchlock firearms continued to be called musket.[73] They were used
throughout Asia by the mid-1500s.[74][75][76][77]
Transition to classic guns
Guns reached their "classic" form in the 1480s. The "classic gun" is so called because
of the long duration of its design, which was longer, lighter, more efficient, and more
accurate compared to its predecessors 30 years prior. The design persisted for nearly
300 years and cannons of the 1480s show little variation from as well as surprising
similarity with cannons three centuries later in the 1750s. This 300-year period during
which the classic gun dominated gives it its moniker.[19]