ТЕСТ 2

1. The relationship that holds between that lexeme and persons, things, places, properties,
processes and activities external to the language-system.
denotation

2.
.... is a matter of the relations between a word and other words in a language. (J.Lyons). It is an
interlexical or intralingual relation; it defines relations within the same language.
sense

expression, representation, appeal

4. The following definitions make up the meaning as a linguistic notion:

analytical, functional, operational

5. Analytical definition of meaning is also called:

referential

6. Functional definition of meaning is also called:

contextual

7. Operational definition of meaning is also called:

information-oriented

8. The relationship which holds between an expression and what that expression stands for on
particular occasions of its utterance
Reference

9. The referential approach of the the semantic triangle was considered by:
C.K. Ogden and I.A. Richards

10. The minimum stretch of speech necessary and sufficient to determine the meaning of the
word:
Context

ТЕСТ 3

1. ... is a notional nucleus of meaning, i.e. “objective” (“nominative”, “cognitive”,

“representative”, “factual”) component of meaning
denotative meaning

2. ..... components serve to distinguish the meaning from others from the same domain.

Diagnostic

3. A. Wierzbicka [1980-1996] tried to work out a radical decomposition of all words into a
number of ...
primitives
4. Componential analysis of meaning is a linguistic analysis of the .... of a word
semantic structure

5. ... expresses the attitude of the speaker to the object of nomination in the form of emotions
and evaluation of denotate

connotation

6. An expression in speech of relationship between words:

Grammatical meaning

7. The basic factors within tenor of discourse:

Agentive, social role, social distance

8. The basic or minimal unit of meaning, not further subdividable, is ...

seme

9. A descriptive model for semantic content, based on the assumption that meanings can be
described on the basis of a restricted set of conceptual building blocks—the semantic
‘components’ or ‘features’:

componential analysis

10. What connotations differentiate the verbs: to satisfy - to please - to gratify - to delight - to
exalt
degree or intensity

ТЕСТ 4

1. The problem of polysemy is connected with:

both

2. If polysemy is viewed diachronically, it is understood as:

a change in the semantic structure of the word

3. If polysemy is viewed synchronically, it is understood as:

the coexistence of various f the same word at a certain historical periods meanings of the
development of the English language

4. Correlated words:
the words of different languages which are similar or identical in lexical meaning, especially in
the denotational meaning

5. A literary device that uses one word to refer to two or more different things, in more than
one way:
zeugma

6. Words identical in sound form, spelling but different in meaning, distribution and in origin:
hyponyms

7. Words spelled alike but pronounced differently in each of their meanings:

homographs

8. Words with the same pronunciation but different spellings:

homophones

9. Polysemy is used if the senses are considered to be:

related

10. Homonymy is used if the senses are considered to be:

unrelated

ТЕСТ 5

1. Semasiology was a purely diachronic science dealing mainly with ... up to the early 1930s
changes in the word meaning and classification of those changes

2. Identify the type of metaphor soft music, bitter chuckles, гірка правда, солодка брехня
Synesthetic

3. The semantic process when a form of a linguistic unit or expressing of a linguistic category is
transposed from one object of designation to another on the basis of a certain similarity
metaphor

4. The semantic process when a form of a linguistic unit or expressing of a linguistic category
is transferred from one object of designation to another on the basis of a certain contiguity of
these objects conditioned by spatial, temporal, causal, symbolic, instrumental, functional and
other relations:
metonymy

5. Exaggeration is marked by:

hyperbole

6. Mild expression is marked by:

euphemism

7. The term in bold is ...

Silicon Valley is constantly pushing the boundaries in innovation.
metonymy

8. Below we see the examples of ...

a not inconsiderable amount of money;
All in all, she wasn’t a bad dancer.
He’s not unlike his older brother.
His statements are not without truth.

litotes

9. Pejorative development refers to:

Deterioration

10. Changes in the denotational meaning may result in ... of meaning

restriction

Нема тесту 1 і 6

ТЕСТ 7
1.

taxonomic hierarchy

2. The following linear structure

Spring, Summer, Autumn, Winter
is the example of

Sequences

3. WordNet labels the ... words

semantic relations among

4.
The simplest .... consists of a single 'cell', which has four elements, for example:
apple :: fruit
dog :: animal

grid
 5. car is a .. of vehicle
hyponym

6. Meronymy- ... relation is otherwise know by the term 'part-whole' relation

Holonymy

7. This term describes "a kind of" relationship between lexical items:
hyponymy

8. Closely knit sectors of vocabulary each characterised by a common concept:

semantic fields

9. Classificatory systems which reflect the ways speakers of a language categorize the world of
experience:
taxonomy

10.
Sameness, oppositeness, hierarchical (hyponymy, meronymy) are ...

both

ТЕСТ 8
1. Synonymy is a kind of ...
b. paradigmatic relations
2. Words identical in all their meaning, synonymous in all contexts and semantically equivalent
on all dimensions of meaning are referred to as ...
b. absolute

3. Collocational range is
b. set of contexts

Правильні відповіді: set of contexts ,

interchangeability

4. In terms of componential analysis synonyms may be defined as words with the same
denotation, or the same denotative component, but differing in connotations, or in
connotative components:
b. semantic criterion

5.
Distributional similarity is an important hypothesis in linguistics, and the main idea is
surprisingly simple - the meaning of a word depends on the words that surround it, and words
which have similar ... must be related to each other.

c. contexts
 6. Identify the type of oppositeness: rich - poor, wide -narrow, expensive - cheep
c. gradable antonyms

7. The pair of synonyms 'mom-mother' belongs to:

Виберіть одну відповідь:

b. stylistic synonyms

8. Mirror relation refers to:

a. Converseness

9. Identify the stylistic device

Good night, good night! Parting is such sweet sorrow
That I shall say good night till it be morrow.
(William Shakespeare, Romeo and Juliet)
b. oxymoron

10. increase - decrease, include - exclude, fearful - fearless are ... antonyms
b. morphologically related

ТЕСТ 9
Питання 1
Cognitive semantics explains meaning primarily in terms of ..., i.e. it assumes that meaning is
linked to the way we group all kinds of perceptions.
a. categorization

Питання 2
.... are organized bundles of stored knowledge which represent an articulation of events,
entities, situations, and so on, in our experience
c. concepts

Питання 3
Categorization represents the main way we make sense of experience

b. true

Питання 4
The findings of Eleanor Rosch and her team revealed that categorisation is not an all or
nothing affair, but that many categorisation judgements seemed to exhibit ... or typicality
effects.
c. prototype

Питання 5
In contrast to formal semantics which relies on the objectivist thesis, cognitive semantics
adopts an ... perspective
b. experientialist
 Питання 6
According to the ... model, category membership is defined according to a set of necessary and
sufficient conditions, which entails that category membership is an ‘all-or-nothing’ affair
b. classical

Питання 7
Which is NOT a prototypicality effect?

a. Fuzzy boundaries

b. All members have equal status

c. Degrees of typicality

Питання 8
Identify the basic level:
FURNITURE - TABLE - KITCHEN TABLE - DINING-ROOM TABLE
b. table

Питання 9
The claim that category members are related by ... entails that categories are predicted to have
fuzzy boundaries
a. family resemblance relations

Питання 10
According to cognitive semantics, the language system provides meaning based on concepts
derived from ...
a. embodiment

ТЕСТ 10
Питання 1
HAPPY IS UP, SAD IS DOWN is
Orientational metaphor

Питання 2
THE MIND IS A MACHINE is
Ontological metaphors

Питання 3
TIME IS MONEY is
Structural metaphor

Питання 4
Metonymy is based on:
c. contiguity
 Питання 5
The described concept of metaphor is also called:
b. target domain

Питання 6
The comparison concept or the analogy of metaphor is also called:
c. source domain

Питання 7
Which statement is not true?
Metaphor involves one conceptual domain in the conceptualization process (неправильне)

Metaphor involves two conceptual domains in the conceptualization process

Metonymy involves one conceptual domain in the conceptualization process

Питання 8
19. According to Conceptual Metaphor Theory, metaphor is described as a/ an ….. (a set of
correspondences) from a source domain (traditional vehicle) to a target
domain (traditional tenor)
a. conceptual mapping

Питання 9
........ highlights the interaction of source and target domains.
b. The blending approach

Питання 10
Metaphtonymy
b. both (обидва так)

Involves operation contiguity

Involves operation of similarity

ТЕСТ 11