Lab Partner___Vorin _ 9 student ow, LO CHEM 162 Experiment #3: Intermolecular Forces (Part | - in-lab) Goals of this lab (both Parts combined): Investigate intermolecular and intramolecular forces by studying student-assembled molecular models and collecting and comparing data, including pH and melting point Explore the Clausius-Clapeyron equation to investigate the thermodynamic relationships between vapor pressure, temperature, enthalpy, and entropy and the effect of intermolecular forces on these observed properties Apply the mechanics of dimensional analysis to calculate enthalpy and entropy of vaporization Evaluate the contributions of different types of intermolecular forces to the observed macroscopic property of vapor pressure Assess the accuracy of experimental data (compared to a known value) and identify sources of error Use Excel to graphically represent and interpret experimental data Your lab reports will be graded on the following criteria using a poor/good/excellent rating system: Observation data collected is detailed, reasonable, and complete Conclusions are reasonable and logical Calculations are complete and correct, with proper use of significant figures and units In-tab report is clear, neat, and has legible handwriting; take-home report is entirely typed ‘except for structural formulas on the first page Error analysis is well-supported and valid All graphs and tables are clearly and accurately labeled By signing below, you certify that you have not falsified data, that you have not plagiarized any art of these lab reports, and that all calculations and responses other than the reporting of raw data are your own independent work. Failure to sign this declaration will result in 5 points being deducted from your lab score. Signatur Ye, Total points Part | (in-lab) = 25 Total points Part Il (take-home) = 25 This lab is worth 60 points: 10 points for notebook pages, 50 points for the lab reports (Do NOT include your notebook pages when you scan your report for upload into Gradescope.)NAME, Yoog % Quiz SectionfC___ Part I. Comparing Properties, Intra- and Intermolecular Forces, and Structures 01 Two Related Compounds You can talk with any of your fellow students about the work, but the TAs will provide very limited information/assistance during this part of the lab. Maleic acid and fumaric acid are geometric isomers of each other with the molecular formula CaH«Os ‘or HOOC-CH=CH-COOH. Maleic acid is the cis form and the trans form is fumaric acid. Build a model of each molecule and use your observations to complete this report. 1. Draw the complete Lewis structures of each molecule, including lone pairs. Maleic acid Fumaric acid # Ho i. =C. ow 7 5 g H oe 2. Briefly define each of the following terms, clearly indicating the differences between the two. Intermolecular forces: —Forcetatnn PT Sar Tea ir aatar rain OR, Frey extrt beer belauigs, intramolecular forces: Pres reer setts Jorg, thed bi He Crs wy a Sighmtene 3. Which of the two substances is able to form hydrogen bonding within a single molecule? Circle your answer choice AND draw a complete Lewis structure of a single molecule of the substance, showing the intramolecular hydrogen bonding. (Circle the area where the intramolecular hydrogen bonding occurs.) Circle response: Gale acid) fumaric acid q H# Cee \ CHI Onl - 04 FO aeaby Or = <4In each box, draw a picture representing the intermolecular hydrogen bond interactions between two molecules of the acid indicated, showing the IMFs holding the molecules together in the liquid or solid phase. (Circle the area where the hydrogen bonding occurs.) rie i Maleic acid Fumaric acid f oe 5 Shas 5. if a substance forms intramolecular hydrogen bonding, is it more or less likely to simultaneously form intermolecular hydrogen bonding? Inspect the models you built, circle your answer, and provide a BRIEF explanation. Circle response: more likely Briefly explain your answer: Strca He fomatin of ines Hear bong, the bigs dniigite ie 0 MIF Ad frm bos ih, intial iy 7 Ls 6 He ale feb yo 14 omneHer mdeore 6. Which of the two substances do you expect to have a higher melting point? Explain your choice based on the structure of the molecule and the effect of intermolecular forces on melting points. Circle response: Briefly explain your answer: Breaye furore Feisty aeldoy fori Sebel body 7. Use the melting point apparatus to identify the relative melting points of the two substances. Enter “A” or “B” in the blanks based on your observations. Substance that melts first: A Substance that melts second: _B 3NAME. Viney h Quiz Section Ac 8. Structure can affect the Ka values for related acids. In the boxes below, draw the complete Lewis structure for a single ion of the conjugate base of each acid after the removal of a proton and consider the change in stability of the ion resulting from deprotonation. HINTS: Consider any increase/decrease in ability to participate in intramolecular hydrogen bonding as well as how the resulting -COO" groups in a molecule will interact with other atoms in the same molecule/ion. First Deprotonation (Ke1) Proton removal from maleic acid Proton removal from fumaric acid Based on these two structures, which molecule will be more likely to give up its first proton? Circle response: fumaric acid Second Deprotonation (Ka2) Proton removal from maleate ion Proton removal from fumarate ion Based on these two structures, which ion will be more likely to give up its second proton? Circle response: maleate fumarateReport the measured pH of 0.010 M solutions of the two acids. pH ofA qi prota 2“ 2) Based on the measured pH for each of the 0.010 M solutions, calculate the Ka: values (assume Kaz does not contribute significantly to the pH) CHECK YOUR pH VALUES WITH YOUR TA BEFORE PROCEEDING!! TA initial Show your calculation of Ka: for substance A: [oF 0.0071 mate) bees hte Hntinoe Jee lene aot Bal baal aa ~ ka of = $.04 20 Ka ofsubstancea _S@txo° Show your calculation of Kat for substance B: or? oro = HY) - . e 4j vas HID. SEL ate? 3 Kar of substance s__[-3#1? 10. Using the melting point and Ka data you have collected and your evaluations of expected intramolecular and intermolecular interactions in the models you built, identify the unknown, substances as maleic or fuaric acid. 1Wof Substance a__ MMe ous IDofsubstance BAM act,NAME. ‘tog Quiz Section_Ac i — 11. Let's revisit the removal of the second acidic proton from each of these acids. Fumaric acid has a Kaz of 4.2 x 10° and maleic acid has a Kaz value of 5.9 x 107. Based on your observations of the 4 doubly-deprotonated forms of the two acids (re-visit the models you built and question 8), explain the lafge difference in the Kaz values. ec Aid, te [e+ H atoy Oe dose to Bach other onc repe| Malate MAE ley ote cudvtakon the a \r Fortyic OL, fhe tp +H He strate. Gnme ito, - On ei fr opay fm Och, 12. Build a model of succinic acid (HOOC-CHz-CHz-COOH) and compare it the models of maleic and fumaric acid. Do you expect the Ka: value for succinic acid to be closer to that of fumaric or maleic acid? Compare/contrast the structures and IMFs in support of your conclusion. Circle response: maleic acid Explain your answer: Stednk. of hay ky Clow to farm, ocll « Tehay Chain shed » Spar le’ a “é & Thofre sends J-fann Te ba ey ee. hk debiy poeta Ht beg oy foortoay