INTRODUCTION

In India's densely populated major cities, urban rail transit is critical for
intracity transportation. It consists of rapid transit, suburban rail,
monorail, and tram systems. According to a report published in 2021, a
total of 2.63 billion people travelled annually in metro systems across
India's thirteen major cities, making the country one of the busiest urban
rapid transit hubs in the world in terms of ridership. Metro rail has seen
significant growth in India in recent years, and the rate of growth is
expected to double or triple in the coming years. Cities are facing the
need for metro rail to meet daily mobility needs.
Metro rail project planning and implementation is because urban
development falls under the purview of the state government, the state
government is the sole authority responsible for it. As a result, it is
necessary for state governments to advance and develop their regions
without jeopardising people's economic sentiments.

Mass Transit Development increases the usefulness and efficiency of

the public transportation system, which leads to increased business for
commercial developments and helps the country's economy. Over other
private transit systems, public transit systems offer significant savings in
materials, labour, and energy. Furthermore, they have very efficient
engines that can carry large capacities, which helps to save fuel.

Mass Transit Development increases the usefulness and efficiency of

the public transportation system, which leads to increased business for
commercial developments and helps the country's economy. Over other
private transit systems, public transit systems offer significant savings in
materials, labour, and energy. Furthermore, they have very efficient
engines that can carry large capacities, which helps to save fuel.

Furthermore, the financial viability of any metro rail project is determined

by the accuracy of traffic demand forecasts and ridership estimates.
These projects also guide the socioeconomic and environmental
evaluation in relation to the project's cost estimation. Unfortunately, the
majority of these forecasts frequently resulted in inaccurate or
misleading images of the project.