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    29 views23 pages

    Cylinder

    Uploaded by

    Lord Nafaryus

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    of 23
    Hydraulic cylinder ge Cylinder leak — External leakage han @ piston rod extends, it ean piek up dirt and other material. Thon, when the rod retract, it cartes the ait into ‘ha eylinder, damaging the rod seals. This is why rod wiper seals are normally provided at the head of th cylinder barrel, to clean the rod whon i eetract, If the eylindr loaks around the piston rod, all the od seal as aol Cylinder leak — Internal leakage Leakage past the piston seals inside the cylinder may cause sluggish mvernent or stopping under 8 load. Piston leakage can be caused by worn piston seals or rings, ora scored curface inside the eylinder barrel. ‘The latter may be eausod by dirt and grit in the ol Sluggish action Air in the eylinder ig the most common cause of sluggish ‘ction, especialy when a new eylinder is installad, All trapped air must be ble. 539 a3) Creeping of cylinder If the cylinder ereeps when stopped in midstroke, check for Jnternal leakage. Other causes could be a worn control valve for faulty relief valve. Burrs/Rust on the piston rod Exposed piston rods can be damaged by impact with hard ‘objects. Ifthe smooth turfaco of the rod is macred, the rod seal may be damaged, Burs on the rod should be cleaned up by using onal stone, ‘Another problem is rusting of tho piston rods Whon storing cylinders, always retract the piston rods to proteet them. Roe Valves The preceding text covers only basic knowledge about valves auch as their atference in operation. Let us now study some technical terms in connection with pressure control valves Cracking pressure and Full-flow pressure CCracking pressure is the pressure at which the relief valve first begins to open. Fullfow pressure is the pressure at which the relief valve passes its full quantity of oil. Fullfow pressure is quit a bit higher than cracking pes: sure, Reliot valve settings are usualy rated at fullflow pressure Pressure override ‘As we said eater, fllflow pressure i quite 8 bit higher than eracking pressure. This is because spring tension bulls up as the valve opens further. This concition is called PRESSURE OVERRIDE and it is one disadvantage ofthe simple relief valve. [A Cracking Preto Presure ovride ars ee Cracking pressure and prossure override In the preceding text, we have leaned that there are wo types of relief valve: the diractacting relia valve and the pilot operated rele valve Let's havo a look at the charsctaistr of PRESSURE. OVERRIDE on these valves, Pilot operated relict valves have less pressure override ‘than the simple direct acting typ. ‘The illustration compares two of these valves. While the direct acting vale in the illustration stars to ‘open at about half ite flllow pressure, the pilot operated vale opens at about 90 percent ofits fll flow prosure 100% rate Which is better? Pilot operated relief valves ara best for high presur, large volume system, Because these vals do not start to open until sims full: flow pressure, the efficiency of the system is protected — les lls released ‘Although slower to operate than diroct acting valve, the Pilot opersted relief valve keeps the system oil at a mare ‘constant pressure while releasing ol Counterbalance valve What is it? ‘The counterbalance valve is used in a hydraulic motor cir- cuit to create a back pressure for control during operation land to stop the motor when the circuit i in neutral CCounterbslance valve for KH series machines (Hyd. eranes) ‘The counterbalance valve is a normaly closed pressure con trol valve with an internal check valve When pump delivery is directed to the holst motor to lower the load, the motor is being driven by its load inertia, in other words, when the motor trios to overrun because of load and gravity, the counterbalance valve creates 2 back pressue, thus proventing the load from dropping fee The intemal eheck valve permits a reverse fre flow to turn the motor in the apposite direction, lifting the load, counterbalance valve for UH series machines (yd. excavator) ‘The counterbalance valve is provided to ensure smooth starting and accileration of the swingtravel speed, and It ‘aso prevents cavitation of the motor. The valve maintains prossure in the pump delivery line so ‘that itis always higher than pressure in the motor exhaust tine. ‘Any attempt to overrun the motor such as that caused by its load inertia would cause an instantaneous pressure drop Jn the pump delivery line, and the valve would immediataly cote the motor exhauit line until pressure In the pump livery line builds up. Valve maintenance Keep valves in good condition [As you woll know, valves are pracision-made and must be very accurate in controling the pressure, direction, and volume of oll within @ hydraulic system, Therefore, they mart be carefully fittod and kept in good condition Causes of valve failure Contaminants such as dirt in the oil re the malor eaute of vale failure. ‘Small amounts of dirt, lint, rust or sludge can cause ma: functions and extensively damage valve parts, Such material will cause the valve to stick, plup small ‘openings, or abrade the mating surfaces until the valve leaks ‘This damage may be eliminated i customers use care in keeping out dit Key points to watch ‘When troubleshooting or repsirng, inspect the following points carefully, Pressure control valve ~ Relief valve Inspect mating sees (vale seat snd poppet} for evidence of leak-bys and scoring, Look fora sticking valve piston inthe housing. Inspoct the O-rings for damage Inspect for clogged orifices, Directional control valve Inspect the valve spool and bores for burrs and scoring Inspect the sea for leakoae Inspect for buring of edge. Check for scaring on the spool end, Spogl one Directional control valve spools are installed in the valve housing in matched set This is done to provide the closest possibie fit between housing and spool for minimury interna leakage and max mum holding qualities. Therefore, be sure to insart the valve sp00Ks in ther matched bores Symbols for graphical diagram Why graphical diagrams? ‘Ac we have shown in the preceding text, the graphical dis. Two iiluswations are given below: the upper one is the gram is made up of simple graphical symbols for the com- graphical diagram of a hydraulic eitcuit of the lower one. [Ronents and thir controls and connections Comparing the two, notice that the graphical diagram ‘The parts are easier ta draw and the symbols ere universal, doesn't show anything about the construction or relative ‘Therefore, anyone trained in hydraulics can understand the location ofthe circuit components system, The graphical diagram is usually preferred for de Its purpose isto show functions, part connections and flow sign and troubleshooting paths, now study some of the components and line symbols In detail, You will seo clearly how the symbols build upto make @ simple ciecuit diagram, Double acting cylinder ‘his symbal has both ends closed and hes two lines meeting the symbol st the port connections. Pon eel Double etna Single-acting cylinder “There fs only one hydraulic line drawn to the symbol, leo the end of the symbol opposite the port is eft open. ee ry SK Singlosetng ~S Flow direction Flow to and from an actuator (reversible motor oF double fcting cylinder) must ba treced by observing which lines it isconnected to, “There is no provision in the symbal for flow direction, —— % Valve symbols-1 1) PRESSURE CONTROL VALVE ‘The basic symbol is of @ presure control valve @ square with extemal port connections and an arrow inside to show ‘the diection of flow. Usually, this type valve operates. by balancing pressure ageinst 2 spring, 20 ve show a spring at one side of the symbol and e pilot pressure line at the other. Normally-closed valve AA normallyclosod valve lke a ralet valve is shown with the arrovr offset from the ports toward the pilot pressure line ‘This indicates thatthe spring helds the vale closed until it Is overcome by pressure, We mentally visualize the atrow moving over to complete the flow path from inlet 10 outlet when presure rises to the wale setting, segna Relief valve We illustrate @ relief valve with @ normally-closed symbol connected between the pressure line and tank. When pressure in the system overcomes the valve spring flow is from the pressure port to the tank port, Note: ‘The graphical symbol does not indicate whether it is a simple or compound relief valve Al that’s important i to indicate its funetion in the circu. Operation: (ah Valves always remain closed. (b} When pressure is created in a main circuit, the same pressure acts on the valve through pilot line, and when it reaches the set pressure the valve opens and a passage to the tank is formed to relieve pressure on the main e Normally-open valve When the arrow connects the two ports, we know that the valve fe normally open It closes only when pressure overcomes the spring force, Normally open i ute Init The pressure reducing valve is @ typical normaly-open valve, which i diagramed as shown below. Outlet pressure is shown opposing the spring to modulate (or shutoff flow when the valve setting is reached, Operation: {a} Oil froma pump flows tothe main circuit and A, (8) When the outlet pressure of the valve becomes higher than the set pressure, oll from the pump is blocked ‘and the pressure on circuit A is maintained at the sot value, Its not influenced by the main circuit pressure. (2) When the pressure at A drops, the vale retums to the condition of (a). Therefore, the pressure on circuit A 1s kept at the set pressure because (a) and (b} condt tions are being maintained, sin Valve symbols-2 2) DIRECTIONAL CONTROL VALVE Check valve The valve opens to let oil flow in one direction but closes to prevant cil from flowing in the opposite direction. a

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