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OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER
Brainstorming Session….
What does an AMPLIFIER do?
• What is an IC?
OP-Amp is an amplifier IC
What can you do with Op amps?
• You can make music louder when they are used in stereo
equipment.
Noninverting
Input (+ VIN)
-V
Figure 1 Op Amp Block Diagram
OP-AMP HAS 3 –STAGE AMPLIFIER
CIRCUITS
• First Stage : Differential Amplifier -it gives the
OP-AMP high input impedance (resistance)
• Second Stage: Voltage Amplifier – it gives high
gain
• Third Stage : Output Amplifier (Emitter
Follower) – gives low output impedance
(resistance)
OP-AMP CHARACTERISTICS
1. Very high input impedance
2. Very high gain
3. Very low output impedance
741
1 8 1 8
+VCC +VCC
2 - 7 2 - 7
3 + 6 3 + 6
-VEE -VEE
4 5 4 5
1. Offset
1 8
Null 8. N / C
741
- VEE 4 5
5.Offset Null
http://www.quia.com/pp/200743.html
What are these pins?
• Pin 1 and Pin 5 : Offset null input, are used to remove the
Offset voltage.
• Pin 2: Inverting input (-VIN), signals at this pin will be inverted
at output Pin 6.
• Pin 3: Non-inverting input (+VIN), signals at pin 3 will be
processed without inversion.
• Pin 4: Negative power supply terminal (-VEE).
• Pin 6: Output (VOUT) of the Op-Amp
• Pin 7: Positive power supply terminal (+VCC)
• Pin 8: No connection (N\C), it is just there to make it a
standard 8-pin
Symbol of OP-AMP
+VS
-VIN -VIN
- -
VOUT VOUT
+VIN +VIN
+ +
-VS
+VS
-VIN
-
7
VOUT
+VIN
+ 4
Common Ground
-VS
+VS
-VIN -VIN
- -
7 VOUT 7 VOUT
+VIN +VIN
4
+
4 +
-VS
VO
+VS
+VS
+VIN
+VIN < –VIN
–VS
–VS
R + RF
VO = IN VF
R IN R1 RF
V R
A NI = O = 1 + F
VF R IN
Where; VIN VO
VO = Output voltage
Vin= Input voltage= Vf
ANI = Noninverting Gain
R
VO = − F VIN
R IN RIN RF
V R
A I = O = - F
VF R IN VIN
Where; VO
VO = Output voltage
VIN = Input voltage
AI = Inverting Gain
Examples of Negative Feedback
Applications:
A) Inverting Amplifiers
1.Summing Amplifier
2.Differentiator
3.Integrator
B) Non Inverting Amplifiers
1. Voltage Follower
Summing Amplifier (Adder) : the inputs are added
and the sum is inverted . If all resistors are of equal
value, then
Vo = -(V1 + V2+ V3)
R1 RF
V1
R2
V2
VO
R3
V3
0V
VIN VO
VIN VO
VO
VIN
C1 R1
VO
R2
R3
N/C
8 7 6 5
µA741
1 2 3 4
-VS
VIN = 0
Vo = - (V1 + V2 )