OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER

PENDAHULUAN
PENGERTIAN
 Pengertian Op-amp

Penguat operasional (Op-amp)

didefinisikann sebagai suatu
rangkaian terintegrasi yang berisi
beberapa tingkat dan konfigurasi
penguat diferensial.
Penguat operasional memilki dua
Positive
Power
masukan dan satu
Inverting keluaran Supply
Input -
Output
Non- +
Inverting
Input Negative
Power
Supply
PRINSIP KERJA
What is an Op-Amp? – The
Layout
There are 8 pins in a common
Op-Amp, like the 741 which is
used in many instructional
courses.
 LF411 Op Amp

(The Art of Electronics, Horowitz and Hill, 2nd (Student Manual for The Art of Electronics, Hayes and Horowitz,
741 Op-Amp Schematic
current mirror current mirror

voltage
level
shifter
output
stage

differential amplifier current mirror high-gain amplifier

LF411 Op Amp

(Student Manual for The Art of Electronics, Hayes and Horowitz,

 OP-AMP BLOCK DIAGRAM
V+
Inverting Input
(- VIN)

Differential Voltage
Voltage Output
Output
Differential
Amplifier Amplifier Amplifier
Amplifier Output
Amplifier Amplifier

Noninverting
Input (+ VIN)

V-
Figure 1 Op Amp Block Diagram
Most Op Amps require dual power
supply with common ground
Positive Supply (+15V) to pin7
Negative Supply (-15V) to pin4

VS+

VIN-
-
7
VOUT
VIN+
+ 4

Common Ground

VS-

Figure 6 Dual Supply Voltages connection

 Some Op Amps work on single
supply also

VS+

VIN- VIN-

- -
7 VOUT 7 VOUT

VIN+ VIN+
4 + 4
+

VS-

Single Positive Voltage )a( Single Negative Voltage )b(

Figure 7 Single Supply Voltages connection

 Advantage of dual power
supply
Using dual power supply will let
the op amp to output true AC
voltage.

15V+ 30V+

Output 0V V 30 Output V 30

15V- 0V

Figure 8a Op Amp powered from Dual supply Figure 8b Op Amp powered from Single supply
What is dual power
supply?

Single Power Supply Single Power Supply

15V– Common 15V+

Figure 18 Dual Power Supply

How can you make a dual power
supply using two 9V batteries?
What is the voltage between + of
first battery and – of second
battery?
 OP-AMP CONFIGURATIONS

No Feedback )a( Negative )b( Positive )c(

(open loop Feedback Feedback
comparator circuit) Figure Types of Feedback
 Basic Electric Circuits
Ideal Op Amp:

Example 8.1: Consider the op amp configuration below

Assume Vin = 5 V
6 k
1 k a

+
_+ V in _ V
3 V 0
+
_

24 Figure 8.11: Circuit for Example 8.1.

 Basic Electric Circuits
Operational Amplifiers
xample 8.1 cont. 6 k
1 k a

+
_+ V in _ V
3 V 0
+
_

At node “a” we can write;

( Vin  3 )   3  V0 
 Eq 8.10
1k 6k

From which; V0 = -51 V

25
Single-Ended Input
+
V o • + terminal : Source
~ Vi • – terminal : Ground
 • 0o phase change

+
V
o • + terminal : Ground
• – terminal : Source
 • 180o phase change
~
V i

Ref:080114HKN Operational Amplifier 20

Double-Ended Input
• Differential input
+
V d V V d  V   V
o
~ •
 • 0o phase shift change

between Vo and Vd
+
V Qu: What V should be if,
o o

~ V1 V 2

~
V 2
V 1

Ans: (A or B) ?
(A) (B)
Ref:080114HKN Operational Amplifier 21
Distortion

+V =+5V cc

+5V
+
V
o
V d 0

5V

V =5V cc

The output voltage never

excess the DC voltage supply of
the Op-Amp

Ref:080114HKN Operational Amplifier 22

 Ideal Vs Practical Op-Amp
Ideal Practical Ideal op-amp
+ AVin
Open Loop gain A  105
Vin ~ Vout
Bandwidth BW  10-100Hz
 Zout=0
Input Impedance Zin  >1M
Output Impedance Zout 0 10-100 
Output Voltage Vout Depends only Depends slightly
on Vd = on average input Practical op-amp
(V+V) Vc = (V++V)/2
Common-Mode
+
Differential
signal Zin Zout
mode signal Vin Vout
~
CMRR  10-100dB  AVin

Ref:080114HKN Operational Amplifier 23

 Aplikasi Op-amp

Comparator

Penguat Inverting Penguat Non-inverting

Penguat Diferensial Penguat Penjumlah

Integrator Differensiator
 Comparator

Adalah penggunaan op-amp sebagai

pembanding antara tegangan yang
masuk pada input (+) dan input (-).
 Penguat Inverting

Adalah penggunanan op-amp

sebagai penguat sinyal dimana
sinyal outputnya berbalik fasa 180
derajat
 
dari𝑅sinyal input.
  𝑅
𝑓 𝑓
𝑉 𝑜𝑢𝑡 =− 𝑉 𝑖𝑛 𝐴=−
𝑅𝑖𝑛 𝑅𝑖𝑛
 Penguat Non-inverting

Adalah penguat sinyal dengan

karakteristik dasar sinyal output
yang dikuatkan memiliki fasa yang
sama dengan sinyal input.
  R ¿+ R f
V out = V¿
R¿

 
A
 Penguat Differensial

Digunakan untuk mencari selisih dari

dua tegangan yang telah dikalikan
dengan konstanta tertentu yang
ditentukan oleh nilai resistansi yaitu
sebesar Rf/R1 untuk R1 = R2 dan Rf =
  ( 𝑅𝑓 + 𝑅1) 𝑅𝑔 𝑅𝑓
R .
V outg= V2− 𝑉1
( 𝑅𝑔+ 𝑅2) 𝑅1 𝑅1

 
A
 Penguat Penjumlah

Berfungsi menjumlahkan beberapa

level sinyal input yang masuk ke op-
amp.

Vout = - ((Rf/R1) x V1 + (Rf/R2) x V2 + ... + (Rf/Rn) x Vn)

Gain = Rf/Rin
 Integrator
Opamp dapat digunakan untuk membuat rangkaian-
rangkaian dengan respons frekuensi. Rangkaian dasar
sebuah integrator adalah rangkaian op-amp inverting,
hanya saja rangkaian umpanbaliknya (feedback)
bukan resistor melainkan menggunakan capasitor.

Vout = -1/RC ( t0 ∫ tlvindt )

G(ω) = -1/ωRC

G(f) = -1/2πfRC
 Differensiator
Selain rangkaian integrator, rangkaian op-amp
sebagai rangkaian respons frekuensi dapat juga
dibuat sebagai rangkaian differensiator kalau
komponen C pada rangkaian penguat inverting di
tempatkan di depan.

Vout = -RC dvin/dt

G(ω) = -ωRC
CONTOH SOAL
 Basic Electric Circuits
Operational Amplifiers
Example 1: The noninverting op amp.
Consider the following: R
fb

R 0 a

+_ V
V 2
0

_
 Basic Electric Circuits
Operational Amplifiers
Example 1: The noninverting op amp. Continued
Writing a node equation at “a” gives;
V2 (V2 V0 )
 0
R0 R fb
so
V0 1 1 
 V2   
R fb R
 0 R fb 

which gives ,
 R fb 
V0   1  V2 Remember this
 R0 
 Basic Electric Circuits
Operational Amplifiers
Example 2: Noninverting Input.
nd V0 for the following op amp configuration.
2 k V x
+


_
+
10 k
+_ 4 V 6 k a
V 0
5 k
_
 Basic Electric Circuits
Operational Amplifiers
Example 2: Noninverting Input.
The voltage at Vx is found to be 3 V.

Writing a node equation at “a” gives;

V x ( V x  V0 )
 0
5k 10k
or
V0  3V x  9V
TUGAS
 Basic Electric Circuits
Operational Amplifiers
Isolation with gain.
 Basic Electric Circuits
Operational Amplifiers
Noninverting Input.
nd V0 for the following op amp configuration.
Noninverting amplifierNoninverting input with voltage divide
Rf Rf R2
vo  (1  )vi vo  (1  )( )vi
R Ra R1  R2
a

Less than unity gain

Voltage follower
R2
vo  vi vo  vi
R1  R2
TERIMA KASIH