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Discussion
Accuracy of clinical breast examination (CBE) as a tool for breast cancer early detection. In France, it is
not advised to use CBE for breast cancer early detection. When compared to mammography, CBE
appears to deliver less precise information but may still be helpful [6]. Recent studies have also shown
there is bene t from adding mammography to CBE. However, there is still controversy in showing any
bene t from the addition of mammography to CBE [15].
CBE accuracy can be enhanced in screening programs that provide high quality CBE by professionally
trained nurses or health professionals. CBE has a greater detection rate for breast cancer and sensitivity
for referral [9]. This study is similar to that of [16]. that The accuracy of the CBE can be affected by the
examiner's experience and technique. A pooled analysis found that the accuracy of CBE varied according
to examiner-related factors, such as examination duration, examiner experience, and the CBE technique
used.
CBE is not recommended to be implemented in France for early detection of breast cancer in women
between 50 and 74 years old but CBE can have a better place to follow up breast lumps but not for
diagnosis [6]. Although CBE is limited for diagnostic assessment, it may be a suitable strategy for early
detection of breast cancer in a population with a low screening history and low access to routine care
[17]. The results of the above study are similar to those of [18] The implementation of early detection
programs in most LMICs relies largely on promoting breast awareness and clinical breast examination
(CBE).
The results of this study are also supported because organized mammography screening is not
affordable or feasible in low- and middle-income countries. clinical breast examination (CBE) is an
alternative screening option [19]. Data from LMICs is available. Recently, a cluster randomized trial
conducted by the National Cancer Institute of Colombia (NCIC) evaluated the implementation of
guideline breast cancer screening with biennial mammography and CBE for women 50-69 years of age,
showing signi cant results for early detection of breast cancer. [20].
The approach increases breast awareness and contributes to the diagnostic assessment of women with
suspected breast cancer and adequate treatment for cancers detected after diagnosis. There is suf cient
evidence that diagnosing breast cancer at an early stage reduces cancer-related deaths[8].Improvements
in early detection and optimized treatment are enhanced incorporating all the advances in reducing the
incidence of breast cancer, as well as for the reduction in mortality due to breast cancer due to CBE
screening. can be observed if the clinically signi cant palpable cancer so that it is detected early can be
followed up early [11]
In screening programs, CBE offers a little advantage over mammography in terms of the detection of
invasive cancer, but it also carries a higher chance of false-positive results. In women with thick breasts,
these dangers and advantages are more pronounced. When assessing the inclusion of CBE in screening
exams, the balance of risk and bene t must be carefully considered [13].
According to research conducted in India, CBE can increase life expectancy and signi cantly lower

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mortality even with a 5-year gap [21].It has been demonstrated through the results of numerous
randomized controlled studies that screening lowers breast cancer mortality. Reduced mortality was
found among women in the target age range at up to 70% attendance throughout long-term follow-up
of study participants [22].
Conclusion
The following conclusions can be drawn from the research described above: 1. Early detection of breast
cancer using the clinical breast examination (CBE) method has an accuracy that is in uenced by the CBE
practitioner's skills, but using CBE in tandem with mammography can produce more sensitive results. 2)
The CBE technique is thought to be less complicated and more affordable, making it one of the
suggested early detection techniques for breast cancer in the developing nations.

Accuracy in Early Detection of Breast Cancer Using a Clinical ...

Accuracy in Early Detection of Breast Cancer Using a Clinical ...The Indonesian Institute of Science and
Technology Researchhttps://journal.iistr.org › article › downloadThe Indonesian Institute of Science and
Technology Researchhttps://journal.iistr.org › article › downloadPDFby SRS Putri · 2022 — In France, it is not 27%
advised to use CBE for breast cancer early detection. When compared to mammography, CBE appears to
deliver less precise information but ...
https://journal.iistr.org/index.php/JPHS/article/download/50/43

Accuracy in Early Detection of Breast Cancer Using a Clinical ...

Accuracy in Early Detection of Breast Cancer Using a Clinical ...The Indonesian Institute of Science and
Technology Researchhttps://journal.iistr.org › article › downloadThe Indonesian Institute of Science and
Technology Researchhttps://journal.iistr.org › article › downloadPDFby SRS Putri · 2022 — CBE accuracy can 45%
be enhanced in screening programs that provide high quality CBE by professionally trained nurses or health
professionals. CBE has a greater ...
https://journal.iistr.org/index.php/JPHS/article/download/50/43

Accuracy in Early Detection of Breast Cancer Using a Clinical ...

Accuracy in Early Detection of Breast Cancer Using a Clinical ...https://journal.iistr.org › JPHS › article ›
downloadhttps://journal.iistr.org › JPHS › article › downloadPDFby SRS Putri · 2022 — This study is similar to
38%
that of [13] that The accuracy of the CBE can be affected by the examiner's experience and technique. A
pooled analysis found that the ...
https://journal.iistr.org/index.php/JPHS/article/download/50/43

Estimation of the Bene t and Harms of Including Clinical ...

Estimation of the Bene t and Harms of Including Clinical ...ResearchGatehttps://www.researchgate.net › ... ›
breastResearchGatehttps://www.researchgate.net › ... › breastThe results of this study are also supported
because organized mammography screening is not affordable or feasible in low-and middle-income 63%
countries.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329260448_Estimation_of_the_Bene t_and_Harms_of_Includi
ng_Clinical_Breast_Examination_in_an_Organized_Breast_Screening_Program

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