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Wireless body control module

Conference Paper · December 2015

DOI: 10.1109/ICIIP.2015.7414794

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 Wireless Body Control Module
1
Garv Modwel, 2Nitin Rakesh
1,2
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
1,2
ASET, Amity University Uttar Pradesh
Noida, India
1
garv.modwel@gmail.com, 2nitin.rakesh@gmail.com
Abstract—This paper introduces detailed study of wireless
body control module and its feasibility. This study is about
achieving wireless body control module using different
protocols with respect to wireless communication, there are
number of protocols for wireless communication, as per this
study, it was analyzed that which one is the best considering
spectrum, interference, noise within and outside the
automotive vehicle.
I. INTRODUCTION
Body control module is important part of modern
automotive industry, considering the functionalities of
overall automotive vehicle it plays very important role. All
the main functions like truck, door, lights, climate control,
window and windshield are the major component of Body
control Module.
In a typical Body Control Module all the functionalities
are controlled by a microcontroller based typical system
called Body control Module Electronic Control Unit (ECU).
ECU in general works as a gateway for the entire component
hence it is called as BCM Gateway as well. Communication
between BCM ECU and components for the BCM
Components like door control, climate control, windows,
windshield etc. executed using standard automotive protocol
CAN (Controller Area Network), LIN (Local Interconnect
Network) and those protocol work intern in pattern of Master
and Slave, using different combination and input
communication takes place for ECU.
Figure 1. Schematic for wireless Body control Module
All the components in automotive vehicle are connected
through wire of single wire or multiple wire depending upon
the need of the usage CAN and LIN communication.
3
K. K. Mishra
3
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
3
MNNIT,
Allahabad, India
3
kkm@mnnit.ac.in
Considering advancements in technology and need of
research it is always good to replace wire from some wireless
media. Automotive industry is more focused about the
security and safety along with comfort. So, it is always
important to overcome with wired technology and opt for
wireless technology and make automotive product more
advances.
Considering the other part of technology, now a days
every running or moving object is connected with cloud, and
data is getting updated real time for example mobile , tab,
laptop, aeronautics etc, any kind of data is available and
updated in real-time. You need not to carry your physical
device everywhere, wherever you want data is ready for you,
same kind of evolution is needed in automotive industry, so
that real-time data of Automotive products can be achieved
easily either from current or from remote location. Using this
technology main advantage would be diagnostics of
automotive products before having any kind of malfunction
and data for the vehicles can be used in service industry
effectively.
In general it is difficult for a transport company to know
about its vehicle diagnostics like mileage, fuel meter etc., but
if real-time information can be collected a transmitted and
uploaded to cloud it can make life of transporter very easy.
So this idea is very useful for automotive service industry
and changing the functionalities of automotive Industry with
big margin of change.
Consider the scenario where a tourist company can come
to know about the breakdown reason for their vehicle, they
can track how well their drivers are driving their vehicle,
what is the way drivers are following, when refueling is
needed, how long time will it take for them to reach such
destination, such kind of information can give big comfort to
automotive service Industry.
Now consider from end usage point of view , how such
things will be helpful for an private vehicle owner, who is
having own car, it can help in multiple way, if it is connected
with cloud, it will let you know about traffic on the way, it
will help you to decide when to take your car for service, it
will help you to measure correctly mileage of your car, it will
put information of your car on secured way on cloud, using
that you can sale your car on good price and buyer can buy a
good and genuine car. On top of all of that car will be more
secure and safe in the terms of passenger’s safety.
 This research papers is about creating wireless Body
control Module using any wireless media like Wi-Fi,
Bluetooth or Low RF. All the wireless media have its own
advantages and disadvantages in the term of cost and
technology. Wi-Fi for ZigBee provides as communication
without wires for connectivity and the device is there in
802.11.Modules under this are interoperable. That means it
can work with similar devices of other networks. So running
these devices with other network devices is just matter of
time.
ZigBee Protocol is compatible with many devices that
are compatible with standard 802.11 BGN. This also
includes kind of device connectPro and some other kind like
Digi Connect Wi-SP.It can also support devices or product
that is similar to ConnectCore series and Digi Connect series.
From communication point of view The ZigBee Wi-Fi RF
modules, it works proper with UART (Universal
Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter) and SPI (Serial
Peripheral Interface) with serial connection and in slave
mode.It can have around 20 Surface Mount version and
around 14 Through hole version. Availability of version
depends on the configuration of modules as few of GPIOs
might have consumed by serial communication and others.
A wireless body control module, including setting up
the body control module, the control module I includes a
microcontroller and low frequency driver circuit and RF
receiver circuit is connected to the microcontroller is
provided with a number of the low-frequency driver circuit
current signal into a magnetic field of low frequency antenna
signals, the control module output current I through an
adjustable drive emit low frequency antenna field strength
varies with the drive current low frequency magnetic fields,
the high frequency signal received by the RF receiver circuit,
by the low frequency driving circuit and RF two-way multi-
channel circuit receives the wireless signal path to
achieve control module I set up on the vehicle body to the
front wiper module, rear wiper module, left lamp module,
module related to front right lamp , module related to rear
left lamp , module related to right rear lamp , left front
door module, right front door module, left rear door module,
positioning and control of the right rear door modules and
instrument module, and a control module for car body realize
each module positioned by the field strength and
fuzzy control wireless signal.
A car key means for identifying the position, the car is
provided with a receiving means for receiving comprises a
low-frequency signal and a low-frequency magnetic field
vector of the high-frequency signal transmitting apparatus
for transmitting a radio frequency smart key 2 It transmit
signal control module via low-frequency antenna; frequency
drive circuit and the RF receiver circuit low-frequency
receiver and a radio transmission device and a
control module on the I-way multi-channel configuration of
the radio signal path to achieve control module I recognize
the smart key 2 frequency of 125 GHz; smart key RF signal
frequency emitted transmission device 2 433.92 GHz. ease
of use.
The operation principle of the present invention: radio
signal between the body controller transmission,
each module is a multi-channel two-
way wireless communication and assigned an address, before
sending each signal, receiving the first signal at the
environment, such as channel occupied, then change the
channel launch, to ensure the normal communication signals;
then confirm the basic module position by the field strength
and fuzzy algorithms. As examples need to determine
whether the remote control key in the car, can be set to a low
frequency circuit drive current maximum, four vice-low-
frequency magnetic field signal transmit antenna in turn,
based on the feedback of the magnetic field strength
remote controlkeys, you can determine the position of the
remote control key.
II. RELATED WORK
A. Communication Protocols for wireless Body Control
ECU
Figure 2. Wireless technologies for Body control.
There can be number of approaches for wireless Body
Control Module. Primarily Body Control can use Zig-Bee,
Bluetooth and Wi-Fi. All of them has its own advantages
and disadvantages. Wi-Fi is having very high data rate of 1-
100MBPs and connectivity distance till 300 meters.
Bluetooth has medium data rate that start from 1 MBPs and
goes up to 3 MBPs and it can cover distance up to 100
meters, and ZigBee has data rate up to 1 MBPs and it can
cover distance up 100 meters.
Considering all the fact of interference Wi-Fi is not
useful for wireless body control, since availability of Wi-Fi
is everywhere and it may cause big impact in the terms of
noise and interference moreover considering the cost factor
it cannot be an efficient prototype for wireless Body control.
On the another hand Bluetooth can be very important
protocol for wireless Body control considering the data rate
and cover distance but it has its own limitation in the terms
of signal handling, as it cannot handle multiple signals at
one point of time. So considering Bluetooth is also not
feasible as such for wireless BCM.
For ZigBee, features like supported data rate and
distance covered it looks like most useful protocol for
Wireless Body Control Module, moreover as per the cost
also it falls within the range.
B. Communication Protocols for wireless Body Control
ECU- Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi is very important protocol considering any kind of
wireless communication, In general transmission from Wi-
Fi station happens only in case of clear channel.
Transmissions what are happenings get acknowledgements,
in case there is any collision, there is retry mechanism that
comes into picture for random intervals and it keeps trying.
Wi-Fi systems configuration is half duplex kind of
shared media configurations; in this every station transmit
and receive with one radio channel. Main problem in this
environment of radio system is that it is difficult for station
to hear during send operation, such situation makes it
difficult to detect collision. In order to avoid that there was a
development of Distributed Control Function (DCF).
Considering wireless BCM this collision may cause
negative impact because even a single packet miss may
cause big damage in BCM functionality and may directly hit
the security of vehicle. Moreover considering existence of
massive wireless networks interference is natural in the
terms of collision frequency.
C. Communication Protocols for wireless Body Control
ECU- BlueTooth
Considering Bluetooth, it is a standard protocol that
sends and receives data with a frequency channel 2.4 GHz
wireless, it is a very much secure communication and very
good for any kind of short range and low powered
communication with very effective cost.
With Era of embedded electronics Bluetooth is one of
the best protocol for sort ranged wireless communication
that should be within 100 meters, and it is restricted with
limited amount of data. It can be considered as wireless
solution of serial communication. In running embedded
industry it is very well used in transferring files, playing
music and creating the bridge between two media resources.
Bluetooth networks (commonly referred to as piconets) use
a master/slave model to control when and where devices can
send data. In this model, a single master device can be
connected to up to seven different slave devices. Any slave
device in the piconet can only be connected to a single
master.
So in Piconet any slave device can only be connected to a
single master is limitation for automotive domain since for
wireless BCM we need simulate CAN protocol indirectly
and it is not at all possible using Bluetooth, moreover there
is possibly of RF interference on Bluetooth.
Figure 3. Piconet topologies-Bluetooth master/slave
III. PROPOSED WORK
Automotive industry is one of fastest growing industry
and it has a prime focus on safety and security in order to
keep passengers safe and free from worry. Emerging trend
of industry always push for hassle-free and safe drive, major
part of market is cost centric where customers want more
and more features with effective cost.
Security and safety is always a concern for automotive
industry, so the place where wire is used is always a
sensitive place irrespective of type of wire, a little spark can
damage big project and as well any plant and similar kind of
things may take place in an automotive vehicle, either it is
an small private vehicle or big commercial vehicle. Recent
days we have seen many car accidents that happened
because cars catch fire due to some reason like mild spark or
wire caught fire or may be other things, so if wire is there
then chances of wires catching fires cannot be denied.
Proposal is about effective wireless communication and
reduce the dependency as much as can possible without
affecting the much basic automotive functionalities.
In order achieve this kind of technology, there is a need
of analysis of various kind of wireless technology that can
be used specific to automotive industry. Many wireless
media are available now a day and Wi-Fi, Bluetooth and
ZigBee are few of them and can be considered in
automotive industry as well. ZigBee wireless sensors are
considered as good for sort range, and high performance
communication with low power need, so this is basic
advantage for automotive domain [1].
IEEE 802.15.4 [2] standard are the standards for
ZigBee and they are based on the WPAN ( Wireless
Personal Area Networks) . One of the main questions to
answer before adoption of wireless technologies in a car is
whether the performance delivered by these technologies is
high enough, particularly for critical monitoring and control
applications. In general car body is metallic so it produce
reflection of signals and moreover it is difficult to have non
line of sight communication considering the structure of car
body [3].
Operational frequency of Bluetooth is 2.4 GHz and it lies
in unlicensed frequency ISM frequency band, it is the same
band where other Radio Frequency protocol like ZigBee and
Wi-Fi also operates[4][5]. As per the standard specification
these protocols differentiate with each other. The beneficial
effects of the present invention: the module basic orientation
by the magnetic field and the installation location, by
address and targeting to double this module determines that TABLE I- SPECIFICATION COMPARISON ZIGBEE VS BLUETOOTH DEVICES
the vehicle module, multi-channel two-way radio
communication signal as a carrier signal, in case of strong ZigBee Bluetooth
interfere with the function of each module will enter standby CC2520
mode to reduce the car's wiring wire, easy installation and Type of Device CN512 Bluetooth
ZigBee
improve reliability. Frequency 2.4GHz 2.4GHz

IV. ANALYSIS Occupied BW 2 MHz 1 MHz

If we consider wireless prospective, a car is very complex
system, car’s material and presence of radio frequency
make it more complex but considering ZigBee alone, it is
one of the best protocol to communicate within the object
like Car, only problem that could be considered as major
block for wireless is Bluetooth within the car. That is
somewhat problematic and can be considered as external
factor with in the car network.
Considering the practical scenario for the ZigBee in
cars if car is located in parking, and there is no driver along
with Car’s engine is in off situation, so in that case it will
work perfectly as there is no passenger and no interference.
As soon as car is occupied with some passengers there are
certain chances of interference. About ZigBee technical
specification, it has 16 channels that can be selected and it
varies between 2405- 2480 MHz frequency and along with
frequency spacing of around 5 MHz difference between the
center frequency, and in general it has bandwidth is 2 MHz.
For ZigBee related demodulation and modulation
DSSS(Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum) along with offset
QPSK (Quadrature Phase shift keying) is used. This
generates processing gain and coding to ZigBee system.
If we compare ZigBee with existing Bluetooth has
BW of 1 MHz and it is following a frequency hopping
scheme with a 1600 Hops/sec hoping rate at max , and it is
also using TDDS (Time Division Duplex Scheme), using
that channels are divided in 625 microseconds and for that
master and slaves transmits one by one. In general signals
related to the Bluetooth are modulated with a special phase
shift keying called as Gaussian frequency shift keying and
along with differential phase shift keying.
Let’s consider a practical scenario of interference of
Bluetooth while using ZigBee. So practically all the ZigBee
links will be connected as transmitter inside and outside the
car depending on the vehicle function that car is supporting
and receiver is placed on the Dashboard, so this situation
reflects a practical situation for evaluating a communication
application. So as per the need wireless sensors at different
location transmits sensed data to central node. Ideally
Bluetooth links in cars used for data transfer application and
voice data application. In general file transfer takes place
using enhanced FTP between two Bluetooth.
So for communication in Bluetooth setup Bluetooth
master sends file or data to Bluetooth slave and slave sends
respective acknowledgements, this indirectly create a
significant interference for the ZigBee.
Data Rate 250KBPS 1,2,3 MBPS
Output
Max 5Dbm 4 Dbm
Power(Nominal)
Type of Modulation OQPSK ,DSSS DPSK ,GFSK
Sensitivity of Receiver 98DBM(-) 80DBM(-)
If we compare the parameters of ZigBee and Bluetooth, so
considering the above parameters there is big problem of
interference and there may be additional contribution from
the passengers in cars and that may cause additional path
loss.
Considering the structure of vehicle there is two
type of environments are there, one is internal to car another
is external to car, internal to car there are lot of elements like
infotainment system and other electronic gadget and that
may introduce some kind of noise, considering external part
of car there may be lot of factor that may cause kind of
interference and noise, for body control both are important
and significant.
Indoor scenario operates on frequency nearby 2.4
GHz (e.g. [3][9]).
Figure 4. Interference in ZigBee Model.
Figure 4 shows the interference and communication
when both the models ZigBee and Bluetooth exists together.
In general Bluetooth is used for media play and file transfer
for any automotive system and it used FTP protocol for file
transferring. In inter Bluetooth communication Master sends
the data in packet and slave receives it and sends
acknowledge it, on the other hand ZigBee work on separate
model , it does not have trans-receiver kind of mechanism, it
is transmitter and receiver mechanism. Figure 4 shows the
interference from Bluetooth for ZigBee, there is
communication in Bluetooth device and same causes
interference on ZigBee receiver. There are certain problems
as mentioned below.
 A. Path loss(Large Scale)
Now if we calculate difference between the power that is
transmitted and received, that difference is called as path
loss. So this happens basically because of any kind of signal
attenuation. In general this path loss is around 1%. Since
path loss is very less and functionalities wise there is no
major impact on wireless body control module, then ZigBee
again satisfy this criteria. In case path loss is more, in that
case we need to analyze path loss data and that may be big
roadblock for using ZigBee, since it is very much there in
control so it satisfy the criteria.
B. Fading
If there is variation in path effect that particular
phenomenon is called as fading. It may happen because of
multiple signal. In current automotive wired architecture
communication takes place using CAN and LIN protocols
where we have handling of multiple signals and that is
handled based on certain login, so wired communication
signal control is done via CAN but in case of wireless it will
be difficult to control.Since it is difficult to control but it is
always important to make sure that functionality is not
getting affected. In general there is fading time of 50 ns and
it is not too high, that means we can easily survive with that
without affecting any kind of functionalities, moreover for
ZigBee system duration is 500 ns and that is really very high
with respect to fading time, that means fading will also not
affect much in case we are choosing ZigBee for wireless
Body Control Module.
So considering all the parameter like fading, signal loss,
path loss, ZigBee satisfy all the criterial for wireless body
control and it prevents from any kind of data loss or
breaking communication. In other protocols like Wi-Fi and
Bluetooth that is not the case, chances of breaking
functionalities are very high.
V. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
There is big demand of cars and automotive industry is
grooming like anything, so it is important to make
automotive products safe and comfortable with effective
usage of advance technology.
Industry is running on few hard core things from
long-long time and now there is a time to change that in
order to make vehicle more safe and comfortable. One way
wired architecture makes automotive design complex and
tough and another way it always a hurdle in car security that
means we cannot stay with wired communication for long
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and we need to find out some feasible solution for
automotive world. This study is about the few possible
wireless communication media using that concept of
wireless car can be achieved, this study is specific to
wireless body control module that deals with Power
Window, Climate Control, Engine on-off, wiper etc, kind of
vehicle function in an automotive product.
There are plenty of wireless protocols available
now a days, so we need consider the basic need of an
automotive product like, limited range of communication,
effectiveness for the vehicle, cost effective and moreover its
action to handle the interference and noise. In current
analysis we tried to compare and study protocol like Wi-Fi,
Bluetooth and ZigBee in order to find the best and ZigBee
has advantage over all of them. Wireless BCM can be
designed using ZigBee without having any problem if we
don’t have Bluetooth in car. For the communication with
Bluetooth there are certain adjustment need to be done like
PER value adjustment, transmit power adjustments etc.There
is big impact of location of Bluetooth on ZigBee
communication, and for ZigBee placement of router may
help to overcome the interference from Bluetooth
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