1. P for Problem .

In
observing we have to
use our 5 senses to
gain information. After
observation comes a
question.
2. D for Data –
gathering of data in a
form of research,
interview or existing
data
3. H for Hypothesis –
formulating hypothesis
(scientific guess/
educated guess)
4. E for Experiment –
testing the hypothesis
5. C for Conclusion –
Make a statement that
accept or reject the
hypothesis.
6. A for application –
Putting something into
use/operation based
from the
outcome of the
experiment.

3 kinds of variables:
1. Manipulated
variables or
independent variable is
a factor or condition
that is intentionally
ainvestigator.
changed by
2. A responding or
dependent variable is
a factor or condition
that might be affected
as a result of that
change.
3. A variable that is not
changed is called a
controlled variable.
These factors are kept
constant to determine
changes in the results
any

Example: Problem.
What happens to the
growth of mongo seed if
the table salt was
added to the soil?

Independent variable- add table salt to the soil

Dependent variable - growth of mongo
Hypothesis: If the amount of salt added to the soil increases, then the growth of mongo
seeds increases.
If the temperature incteases the dissolution of sugar increases. If you increse of eating chocolates., then there will be increases in the appearence of pimples.

For each item below, specify the independent and dependent variables, as well as constants. 1. A study was done to find if
different tire treads affect the braking distance of a car. I: _________________ D: ___________________ C: __________________ 2.
The time it takes to run a mile depends on the person’s running speed. I: ________________ D: ___________________ C:
__________________ 3. The height of bean plants depends on the amount of water they receive. I: ________________ D:
___________________ C: __________________ 4. The higher the temperature of the air in the oven, the faster a cake will bake. I:
________________ D: ___________________ C: __________________ 5. Lemon trees receiving the most water produced the most lemons.
I: ________________ D: ___________________ C: __________________ 6. An investigation found that more bushels of potatoes were
produced when the soil was fertilized more. I: ________________ D: ___________________ C: __________________ 7. Students
measured the temperature of the water at different depths in Lake Skywalker and found that the temperature varied. I:
________________ D: ___________________ C: __________________ 8. The amount of pollution produced by cars was measured for cars
using gasoline containing different amounts of lead. I: ________________ D: ___________________ C: __________________ 9. Four
groups of rats are first massed and then fed identical diets except for the amount of vitamin A they receive. Each group gets a
different amount. After 3 weeks on the diet, the rats’ masses are measured again to see if there has been a decrease. I:
________________ D: ___________________ C: __________________

Displacement Velocity Acceleration

Displacement - is the gap between the initial position and the final position ofan object
Velocity - the speed at which something moves in one direction
Acceleration - the time rate of chance of the velocity of an object
Acceleration is INVERSELY related to the mass of an object.
In other words, if the object has large mass, there is small acceleration while
small mass of moving object has larger or faster acceleration of moving objects
The moving truck accelerates at a speed lower than smaller object with smaller mass.
Newton- unit of force
One Newton is defined as the amount of force required to give a 1kg mass an
acceleration of 1m/s/s, or 1Newton (N) = 1kg/m²

f= m x a f= force m=mass of an object a= acceleration

Sample Mathematical Problem :

Suppose a grocery cart has a mass of 0.45kg is push with a force of 90N.
What will be the acceleration of the grocery cart? Show your solution using G-R- E-S-A method.
Given: mass – 0.45kg Fnet - 90N
Required: a?
Equation: a = Fnet/m
Solution: a = 90N à 1kg/m/s² /0.45kg
Answer: a = 2 m/s²
Learning Task 2 . For numbers 1-6 . Write True if the statement is correct and and False if the statement is Wrong.
1.An object remain at rest unless an outside force act on it.
2.The stronger you kick the ball the faster it will move.
3.The car has greater mass than truck.
4.Small object has greater inertia.
5. What is the mass of the cart with a constant net force of 200N is exerted to accelerate from rest to a velocity of 40m/s in 10 s.
A. 0.5 kg B. 5 kg. C. 50 kg D. 500 kg
6. What is the acceleration of a ball with a mass of 0.40 kg is hit with a force of 16N?
A . 0.4 m/s² B. 40 m/s² C. 400 m/s² D. 4000 m/s²