KEY NOTES

SYBCOM
SEMESTER –IV
FOUNDATION COURSE-IV
2022-23
By Asst Prof Asha Agrawal
UNIT-I
SIGNIFICANT RIGHT OF CITIZENS

Types of consumer rights

7. RIGHT
1. RIGHT 6. RIGHT
TO HEALTHY
TO CHOOSE TO BASIC NEEDS
ENVIRONMENT

2. RIGHT 5. RIGHT 8. RIGHT TO

TO SAFETY TO REDRESS CONSUMER
EDUCATION

3. RIGHT 4. RIGHT
TO BE INFORMED TO BE HEARD
 OTHER IMPORTANT ACTS

THE ESSENTIAL
INDIAN CONTRACT SALE OF GOODS
COMMODITIES ACT
ACT 1872 ACT 1930
1955

THE PREVENTION THE STANDARDS OF

OF FOOD WEIGHTS AND
ADULTERATION MEASURES ACT
ACT1955 1976
 RIGHT TO INFORMATION ACT 2005 (NATIONAL)
Genesis-right to information
 Progressive politicians and the right to information
 V P Singh 1990
 The Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sanghatana (MKSS) - Aruna Roy, Rajasthan
 Parivarthan Public hearing is the genesis right to information movement
 Public agitation for the right to information
 Dharnas
 Parivarthan in Delhi- Arvind Kejriwal, 2000 Efforts to MKSS
 Anna Hazare movement – 2005 Maharashtra
Pioneering states in introducing right to information act
Goa-1997, Tamilnadu-1997, Rajasthan-2000, Karnataka-2000, Delhi-2001, Assam-2002,
Maharashtra-2003, Madhyapradesh-2003, J&K -2003
Towards a national right to information act
Right to information-relationship with transparency and accountability

OBJECTIVE OF THE RTI ACT 2005

 The major objectives of the RTI Act
 Greater transparency
 Informed citizenry
 Improvement in accountability
 Reduction in corruption

IMPORTANT PROVISIONS OF THE RTI ACT

 Section 4 maintenance of record and publication of information
 Publish within 120 days from the enactment of this act
 Section 5 central/state public officers
 Section 6 request for information
 Section 7 provision of information/rejection of request
 Section 8 information that cannot be given
 Section 9 rejection of request on grounds of copyright
 The central information commission (section12)
 The state information commission (section 15)
 Power and function of the information commission (section 18)
PUBLIC INTEREST LITIGATION
According to black law’s dictionary –“public interest litigation means a legal action initiated
in a court of law for the enforcement of public interest or general interest in which the public
or class of the community have the pecuniary interest or some interest by which their legal
rights or liabilities are affected
In general, some of the areas where a need arises to file a PIL
Violation of basic human rights of the poor /weaker sections
Content or conduct of Government policy
Compel municipal authorities to perform a public duty
Violation of basic fundamental rights
Who can file public interest litigation
Now, the trend has changed, and, any public-spirited person can file a case (PIL) on behalf of
a group of persons, whose rights are affected
Against whom PIL can be filed
PIL can be filed only against a state/ central govt., municipal authorities, universities/boards
or any other public authorities and not on any private party
Procedure to file a PIL
Preliminary precaution
Collection of information
Pre-filing legal notice
Filing
Court fee
Proceedings
Final decision
 UNIT-2
ECOLOGY
“The comprehensive science of the relationship of the organism with the environment”
Scope of ecology

•ECO •BEHAVIORAL
PHYSIOLOGY ECOLOGY

ECOSYSTEM LAND SCAPE

ECOLOGY ECOLOGY

EVOLUTIONARY PLOITICAL
ECOLOGY ECOLOGY

•POPULATION •COMMUNITY
ECOLOGY ECOLOGY

ANTHROPOCENTRISM
It is human centric approach. It grants moral standing exclusively to human being
BIOCENTRISM
Biocentrism views animals and important living beings
ECOCENTRISM
Eco centrism believes that everything has intrinsic values and it places emphasis on the
interconnectedness of all life is a nature centered approach.
ECOFEMINISM
Ecofeminism describes movements and philosophies that link feminism with ecology.
Some of the arguments in favour of ecofeminism
Women and nature
Patriarchal dualism like -mind spilt from body, spirit from matter, male from female, culture
from nature
 MIND IS SPILT FROM
SPIRIT FROM MATTER
BODY

PATRIARCHAL
DUALISM

MALE FROM FEMALE CULTURE FROM NATURE

DEEP ECOLOGY
Arne Naess-1973 deep ecology involves a shift from shallow concern for the movement in
environment. Like pollution, depletion, towards nature.
CARBON SPACE
Carbon space refers to the space in the atmosphere to absorb carbon dioxide.
Developing countries suffering from both climate and development crisis while developed
countries will continue to occupy most of the carbon space.
Carbon emission
The following aspects to be noted in respect fair share of carbon space
Climate change and rights-mitigation
Locating the problem-
Kyoto response-japan-1997
Introducing carbon budget-
Rules for allocating carbon space
Impact on developing countries
 UNIT III
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-II

GROWYH OF TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

Important role in cost effectiveness, quality, quick and solution for various problems as listed
below
 Mobile connectivity- easy to use, more no. of mobile users is increased
 Election result
 Growth of stock markets
 Digitization of all records-digital locker, land records
 Online transaction-e-banking, ecommerce, digital marketing, trade etc.
 Education
 Medicine
 National security
 Weather forecast
 Economical and social issues
 Disaster management

LASER TECHNOLOGY
Laser-electronic-optical device-emits coherent light radiation-light amplification-stimulated
emission of radiation
Beam light-wave length-blue lightbulb-1960 e.g. DVD, BARCODE, PRINTER, POINTER
etc. “Problem with solution”
USES/APPLICATION
 Commercial use
 Industrial use
 Military use
 Medicine
 Distance and velocity measurement
 Laser induce fussion-nuclear purpose-electricity generation
 Optical communication
 Environmental
 Holography

SATELLITE TECHNOLOGY
A satellite refers to anybody that moves around another body
Centripetal force due to the earths gravitational pull
Centrifugal force, tending to drive the satellite away from the earth, which varies according to
induced velocity and orbit
USES OF SATELLIITE TECHNOLOGY
Navigation/ Location
GPS – Global Positioning System
GAGAN – Geo – Augmented Navigation
Prediction of Weather
Defence Meteorological Satellite Program
Ocean Surface Topography Mission (OSTM)/JASON-2
Communication
Scientific Research
Observation of Earth’s Surface

NOTE ON USES OF GPS

 Business Logistics
 Farming
 Rescue and Relief Measures
 Lost Pet
 Personal Emergencies
 Prevention of Car Theft
 Police & Private Detectives
 Hiking and Camping
 Mobiles and Automobiles
 Other Applications
 Geology and mining
 Weather forecasting
 Airplanes
 Surveying, etc.

INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

 Application of IT  Media
 Business  Education
 Manufacturing  Publication
 Mobile Computing  Impact on Medicine and Health
 Defence Services

ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS
 Telecommunication  Local Area Networks and Wide
 Radio and Television Area Networks
 Internet  Videoconferencing

TECHNOLOGY CONVERGENCE
 Telecommunication Advances  Importance of the Internet
 Changes in Hardware  Satellite Technology Advancement
BIOTECHNLOGY

Biotechnology is the technology based on biology, especially when used in agriculture, food
science and medicines. Biotechnology is the field in which living organisms or their products
are used to enhance our lives and our environment.

APPLICATION OF BIOTECHNOLOGY/GENETIC ENGINEERING

MEDICINE
Pharmacogenomics
Development of tailor-made medicines
Determining appropriate drug dosages
Improvement in drug discovery and approval process
Better vaccines
Pharmaceutical Products
Genetic Testing
Gene Therapy
Ex vivo, “outside the body”
In vivo, “inside the body”

RESEARCH

INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION

ENVIRONMENT

AGRICULTURE

BIO-ART AND ENTERTAINMENT

NANO TECHNOLOGY

100 NANOMETERS , 1 NANO=1Billionth OR 𝟏𝟎−𝟗 ,𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟑 =ABOVE SURFACE

𝟏𝟎−𝟐𝟏 =BELLOW SURFACE
ONE MARBAL SAME AS TO EARTH

APPLICATION
Electronics-portable e-devices such as watches, laptop, mobile, calculators etc.
Energy-solar, electrodes, batteries, metal chip, aerogel etc.
Automobiles-Nano tubes, spray, coating, glass, light weight material alloy, rubber, hydrogen,
etc.
Sports and toys
Textile
Cosmetics
Domestics appliances
Medical field
Space and defence
Environment
 UNIT IV
INTRODUCTION TO COMPETITIVE EXAMS

GRADUATE
GRADUATE COMMON SCHOLASTIC
MANAGEMENT
RECORD EXAMS ADMISSION TEST APTITUDE TEST
ADMISSION TEST

NATIONAL AND
NDA/IES/IFS/PSI/
IBPS-BANKING UPSC/SPSC STATE ELIGIBILITY
STI
TEST NET/SET

LIC/GIC PET

COMMON TEST PAPERS

GENERAL
WRITING
KNOWLEDGE

LOGICAL
ENGLISH
REASONING

DATA
MATHEMATICS
INTERPRETATION

INTERVIEW, GROUP DISCUSSION