O básico para a comunicação

[Questões] Simple Present

1/5

(NUCEPE 2019)

Planet’s ocean-plastics problem detailed in 60-year data set

Researchers find evidence of rising plastic pollution in an accidental source: log books for
planktonmonitoring instruments. Matthew Warren

Scientists have uncovered the first strong evidence that the amount of plastic polluting the oceans
has risen vastly in recent decades — by analysing 60 years of log books for plankton-tracking
vessels.

Data recorded by instruments known as continuous plankton recorders (CPRs) — which ships
have collectively towed millions of kilometres across the Atlantic Ocean — show that the trackers
have become entangled in large plastic objects, such as bags and fishing lines, roughly three
times more often since 2000 than in preceding decades.

This is the first time that researchers have demonstrated the rise in ocean plastics using a single,
longterm data set, says Erik van Sebille, an oceanographer at Utrecht University in the
Netherlands. “I’m excited that this has been finally done,” he says. The analysis was published
on 16 April in Nature Communications.

Although the findings are unsurprising, long-term data on ocean plastics had been scant:
previous studies looked mainly at the ingestion of plastic by sea creatures over shorter timescales,
the researchers say.

Fishing for data

CPRs are torpedo-like devices that have been used since 1931 to survey plankton populations,
by filtering the organisms from the water using bands of silk. Today, volunteer ships such as
ferries and container ships tow a fleet of CPRs around the world’s oceans.

(…)Each time a ship tows a CPR, the crew fills in a log book and notes any problems with the
device. So Ostle and her colleagues looked through all tow logs from the North Atlantic between
1957 and 2016, to determine whether plastic entanglements have become more common.

Evidence analysis

(…)Van Sebille says that because the study focused on large plastic items, it doesn’t reveal much
about the quantity of microplastics — fragments fewer than 5 millimetres long — in the oceans.
These tiny contaminants come from sources such as disposable plastic packaging, rather than
from fishing gear.
Nevertheless, he adds, the study demonstrates that fisheries play a major part in plastic pollution,
and will provide useful baseline data for tracking whether policy changes affect the levels of
plastic in the oceans. “As fisheries become more professional, especially in the North Sea,
hopefully we might see a decrease,” he says.

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-01252-0 (adapted).

Access: April 20th, 2019

The alternative in which “play” has the same meaning as in the sentence:“Nevertheless, he adds,
the study demonstrates that fisheries play a major part in plastic pollution, and…” is:

2/5

(UERJ 2013)
The ideas expressed in a text might be perceived as true because of the choice and repetition of
a specific tense.

The verb tense that makes the ideas in the text seem true is:

(UECE-CEV 2018)
Mark the option that correctly complete the blank 38 in Text I.

4/5

(UECE-CEV 2018)

Extracted from: https://education.cuportland.edu/blog/classroom-resources/teaching-

strategiesfor-english-teachers/

Mark the option that correctly complete the blank 40 in Text I.

5/5

(CESPE 2013)
If the clause “she was the luckiest woman alive” (linha 2) had been used in the simple present
tense, the verbal form “was” should be replaced by

Adjetivos e pronomes

[Questões] Possessive Adjectives

1/5

(CETRO – 2014) Gravity, review: “heartachingly tender”

Starring Sandra Bullock and George Clooney as astronauts adrift in

space, Alfonso Cuarón’s astonishing thriller is one of the films of
the year, says Robbie Collin
Watch an astronaut drifting through space for long enough and eventually you notice how
much they look like a newborn baby. The oxygen helmet makes their head bigger, rounder and
cuter; their hands grasp eagerly at whatever happens to be passing; their limbs are made fat
and their movements simple by the spacesuit’s cuddly bulk. They tumble head-over-heels like
tripping toddlers or simply bob there in amniotic suspension. Even the lifeline that keeps them
tethered to their ship has a pulsing, umbilical aspect.
Gravity, the new Alfonso Cuarón picture, is a heart- achingly tender film about the miracle of
motherhood, and the billion-to-one odds against any of us being here, astronauts or not. It’s
also a totally absorbing, often overpowering spectacle - a $100 million 3D action movie in
which Sandra Bullock and George Clooney play two Hollywood-handsome spacefarers,
fighting for their lives 375 miles above the Earth’s crust.
A series of captions over the opening titles reminds us that this is a dead zone: no oxygen or
air pressure, and nothing to carry sound. “Life in space is impossible,” the final message tells us,
as the cinema shakes with Steven Price’s resonant score, and then suddenly falls quiet.
For Dr. Ryan Stone (Bullock), a mission specialist in orbit for the first time, the lack of noise is
welcome. She’s a medical engineer called up by NASA to install new software on to the Hubble
Telescope, but also a mother in mourning for her four- year-old daughter, whom she lost in a
senseless accident, and the silence enfolds her like a comfort blanket.

Available in: http://www.telegraph.co.uk

Considering the text, read the sentence below and choose the alternative that presents the
grammar function of the underlined words, respectively.

“The oxygen helmet makes their¹ head bigger² , rounder and cuter; their hands³ grasp eagerly
at whatever happens to be passing; their limbs are made fat and their movements simple by the
spacesuit’s cuddly bulk.”

2/5

(UniCEUB 2014)

A clever ad for ................... new breakfast options, an aim to hit at McDonald’s domination of the
market, includes a bunch of people who share the same name as Ronald McDonald but proclaim
................... love for Taco Bell’s new morning offerings.

(MAKIYAMA – 2012)

Generation Y

By Sally Kane, About.com Guide

Born in the mid-1980's and later, Generation Y legal professionals are in their 20s and are just
entering the workforce. With numbers estimated as high as 70 million, Generation Y (also -1-
as the Millennials) is the fastest growing segment of today's workforce. As law firms compete
for available talent, employers cannot ignore the needs, desires and attitudes of this vast
generation. Below are a few common traits that define Generation Y.

Tech-Savvy: Generation Y grew up with technology and rely on it to perform their jobs better.
Armed with BlackBerrys, laptops, cellphones and other gadgets, Generation Y is plugged-in 24
hours a day, 7 days a week. This generation prefers to communicate through e-mail and text
messaging rather than face-to-face contact and -2- webinars and online technology to
traditional lecture-based presentations.

Family-Centric: The fast-track has lost much of its appeal for Generation Y who is willing to
trade high pay for fewer billable hours, flexible schedules and a better work/life balance. While
older generations may view this attitude as narcissistic or lacking commitment, discipline and
drive, Generation Y legal professionals have a different vision of workplace expectations and
prioritize family over work.

Achievement-Oriented: Nurtured and pampered -3- parents who did not want to make the
mistakes of the previous generation, Generation Y is confident, ambitious and achievement-
oriented. They have high expectations of their employers, seek out new challenges and are not
afraid to question authority. Generation Y wants meaningful work and a solid learning curve

Team-Oriented: As children, Generation Y participated in team sports, play groups and other
group activities. They value teamwork and seek the input and affirmation of others. Part of a no-
person-left-behind generation, Generation Y is loyal, committed and wants to be included and
involved.

Attention-Craving: Generation Y craves attention in the forms of feedback and guidance. They
appreciate being kept in the loop and seek frequent praise and reassurance. Generation Y may
benefit greatly from mentors who can help guide and develop their young careers.

Font: http://legalcareers.about.com/od/practicetips/a/Ge...

The best example of a possessive pronoun is:

4/5

(FEPESE-2011)

Can I help reduce energy consumption?

We have an important role to play right now. Energy conservation helps a lot in preserving our
planet’s rich natural resources and promoting a healthy environment. Here you will find simple
things that you can do to help reduce energy consumption.

· Turn–off non-essential lights and appliances. The electricity generated by fossil fuels for a
single home puts more carbon dioxide into the air than two average cars.

· Avoid turning on large appliances such as washers, dryers, and electric ovens during peak
energy hours: from 5:00 am to 9:00 am and 4: pm to 7:00 pm.

· Install white window curtains to reflect heat away from the house. Close them at night to
reduce the amount of heat lost through windows. People who live in countries that have warm
climates should do this during the day as well.

· Turn off the lights in any room you are not using and consider installing timers, photo
cells, or occupancy sensors to reduce the amount of time your lights are on.
As palavras ‘We’ e ‘Our’ estão sendo usadas no texto como:

Subject pronoun and possessive adjective.

Subject adjective and possessive adjective.

Object pronoun and personal pronoun.

Object pronoun and possessive pronoun.

(VUNESP – 2014)

Leia o texto para responder à questão.

The Research Assignment

Students today have access to so much information that they need to weigh the reliability of
sources. Any resource – print, human, or electronic – used to support your research inquiry has
to be evaluated for its credibility and reliability. In other words, you have to exercise some
quality control over what you use. When you use the print and multimedia materials found in
your college library, your evaluation task is not so complicated because librarians have already
established the credibility and appropriateness of those materials for academic research. The
marketplace forces publishers to be discriminating as well.

Data collected in interviews of persons whose reliability is not always clearly established
should be carefully screened, especially if you present this material as expert opinion or as
based on knowledge of your topic. And you may have even more difficulty establishing
trustworthiness for electronic sources, especially Web and Internet sources.

Because the Internet and World Wide Web are easy to use and accessible, Web material is
volatile – it changes, becomes outdated, or is deleted. Its lack of consistency and sometimes
crude form make Web information suspect for people who use it for research. Because there is
frequently no quality control over Web information, you must critically evaluate all the material
you find there, text and graphics alike.

(http://www.umuc.edu/writingcenter/onlineguide/ chapter4-07.cfm-27.10.2013. Adaptado)

O termo its em – Any resource – print, human, or electronic – used to support your research
inquiry has to be evaluated for its credibility and reliability. In other words, you have to exercise
some quality control over what you use. – refere-se a

Adjetivos e pronomes

[Questões] Modal Verbs

1/5

(IESES-2017)
Complete sentenças usando must, mustn’t ou needn’t: Mary gave me a letter to post. I ___
remember to post it. There’s plenty of time for you to make up your mind. You ______ decide
now. We ______ make any noise. Assinale a sequencia correta:

2/5

(VUNESP – 2019)

A Free Press Needs You

By The Editorial Board

August 15, 2018

In 1787, the year the Constitution was adopted in the USA, Thomas Jefferson famously
wrote to a friend, “Were it left to me to decide whether we should have a government without
newspapers, or newspapers without a government, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer
the latter.”

That’s how he felt before he became president, anyway. Twenty years later, after enduring
the oversight of the press from inside the White House, he was less sure of its value. “Nothing
can now be believed which is seen in a newspaper,” he wrote. “Truth itself becomes suspicious
by being put into that polluted vehicle.”

Jefferson’s discomfort was, and remains, understandable. Reporting the news in an open
society is an enterprise laced with conflict. His discomfort also illustrates the need for the right
of free press he helped to preserve. As the founders believed from their own experience, a well-
informed public is best equipped to root out corruption and, over the long haul, promotes liberty
and justice. “Public discussion is a political duty,” the Supreme Court said in 1964. That
discussion must be “uninhibited, robust, and wide-open” and “may well include vehement,
caustic and sometimes unpleasantly sharp attacks on government and public officials.”

(www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/08/15/opinion/editorials/free-press-local -journalism-
news-donald-trump.html?action=click&module=Trending&
pgtype=Article®ion=Footer&contentCollection=Trending. Adaptado.)

No trecho do terceiro parágrafo – That discussion must be “uninhibited, robust, and wide-open”
–, o termo em destaque pode ser substituído, sem alteração de sentido, por

3/5

(IF Sul - MG - 2018)

Texto para a questão.

Brazil National Museum: as much as 90% of collection destroyed in fire

Building was not insured, the museum’s deputy director said, but some pieces survived
including the Bendegó meteorite.
As much as 90% of the collection at Brazil’s National Museum was destroyed in a devastating
fire on Sunday and – compounding the disaster – the building was not insured, according to the
museum’s deputy director.

Some pieces survived, including the famous Bendegó meteorite and a library of 500,000 books
– including works dating back to the days of the Portuguese empire – which was kept in a
separate annex, Cristiana Serejo told reporters in front of the building’s blackened shell.

But it was still not possible to say how much of the collection had escaped the flames, Serejo
said. “It could be 10%, it could be 15, it could be 20,” she said. “We had a very big loss.”

The museum’s Egyptology collection was completely destroyed, Serejo said.

Researchers who were able to enter one area of the building in Rio de Janeiro are starting to
catalogue what little is left, said Serejo, who appealed to members of the public to return any
items they found.

Asked if the museum was insured, she screwed up her face in mock anguish, and shook her
head.

“I hope we learn from this,” she said. “Other public buildings are in the same situation.”

Disponível em: <https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/sep/04/brazil-national-museum-

fire-collection-destroyed-notinsured> Acesso em 07 set. 2018 (Adaptado)

O verbo modal could nas construções “It could be 10%, it could be 15, it could be 20”
expressa ideia de:

(Cepros - 2016)

Read the text below and answer the following question based on it.

Global sleeping patterns revealed by app data.

It showed the Dutch have nearly an hour more in bed every night than people in Singapore or
Japan.

The study, published in Science Advances, also found women routinely get more sleep than
men, with middle-aged men getting the least of all.

The researchers say the findings could be used to deal with the "global sleep crisis".

The study found people in Japan and Singapore had an average of seven hours and 24 minutes
sleep while the people in the Netherlands had eight hours and 12 minutes.

People in the UK averaged just under eight hours - a smidgen less than the French.

The later a country stays up into the night, the less sleep it gets. But what time a country wakes
up seems to have little effect on sleep duration.

Prof Daniel Forger, one of the researchers, said there was a conflict between our desire to stay
up late and our bodies urging us to get up in the morning.
The study also showed women had about 30 minutes more per night in bed than men,
particularly between the ages of 30 and 60.

And that people who spend the most time in natural sunlight tended to go to bed earlier. A
strong effect of age on sleep was also detected. A wide range of sleep and wake-up times was
found in young people but "that really narrows in old age," said Prof Forger.

"It highlights that although our body clocks are programming us to do certain things, we can't
as we're ruled by social circumstances.

"We won't know the long-term consequences of this for many years."

Adaptado de:<http://www.bbc.com/news/health-36226874> Acessado em 7 de maio de 2016.

In the sentence: “The researchers say the findings could be used to deal with the "global sleep
crisis". the modal verb could expresses

5/5

(UNIOESTE – 2017)

What Parents Can Do to Nurture Good Writers

Steve Graham, a professor at Arizona State University’s Teachers College, has been researching
how young people learn to write for more than 30 years. He is a co-author of numerous books
on writing instruction, including “Powerful Writing Strategies for All Students.”

How does reading at home help children become better writers?

is really critical, but it’s not enough. We don’t have much evidence that if you just read more,
you’ll be a better writer. But analyzing text does make a difference. So when we read to kids,
we can also have conversations with them about the author’s craft. How did this author make
this place seem real in terms of description? What words did they use? How did they present
this idea or this argument?

Should a parent correct a child’s writing, or just be encouraging?

Sometimes when kids come to you to share what they’re writing, they’re not coming for
feedback. They are coming for affirmation. It’s really important we emphasize first and foremost
what we really like about it. And if you’re going to give feedback, just pick one or two things.
English teachers — and parents are guilty of this, too — sometimes overwhelm kids with more
feedback than they can absorb all at once. The other thing that’s really important, particularly
for parents, is to remember that they don’t own this piece. It’s their child’s.

What should parents look for to assess the writing instruction at their child’s school?

After about third grade, very little time is devoted to explicit writing instruction. It’s like we’ve
imagined that kids have acquired what they need to know to be good writers by then! In middle
and high school, the most common activities are fill-in-the-blanks on worksheets, writing single
sentences, making lists or writing a paragraph summary. When you start talking about
persuasive essays or an informative paper, those things occur infrequently in English class and
even less so in social studies and science. So the first questions are: “Is my kid writing at school,
and was he given writing assignments to work on at home? Do those require writing more
extended thoughts for the purposes of analysis and interpretation?” That’s what they need to
be able to do for college.

Fonte: adaptado de < https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/02/education/edlife/parents-children-

writing.html>

Mark the INCORRECT alternative.