Nama : Muhammad Rizki fachrezi

Program : D III ETO/ Semester 3

Subject : Maritime English
Meeting :3
Basic Comp. : Able to use english in written and oral form.
Indicator : Perform and Describe the general maritime Vocabulary
Topic : Listening (Types of merchant ships), Reading (power management system),
Grammar (Present Continuous Tense)

A. Listening: types of Merchant Ship

1. Watch and listen to this clip https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8dGDcE9dnAg

2. Answer the questions based on the clip that you watched.

a. What are the types of ship mentioned in the video clip?
1. Container ship
2. Bulk carrier
3. Tanker ship
4. Passenger ship
5. RO-RO ship
6. Offshore vessels
7. Fishing vessels
8. DREGER
b. How many types of the tanker ship is divided?
1. Oil tanker
2. Chemical tanker
3. Gas tanker
c. What are the difference between ferry and cruise ship?
Cruise ship is bigger than ferry ship
d. Explain the Ro-Ro ship!
Is a cargo ship that designed to carry wheeled cargo, such as cars,trucks,semi-trailer
trucks, and railroad cars.
e. What type of ship do you want to join? Tell your reasons!
Cruise ship, because cruise ship is like city.

w
B. Reading: power consumption on ships
https://www.marineinsight.com/tech/understanding-power-management-system-how-
to-reduce-power-consumption-on-ships/

Understanding Power Management System: How To Reduce Power Consumption On

Ships
By Vibhor Kashyap | In: Marine Technology | Last Updated on September 29, 2021
Power conservation and management is an integral part of operations on board ships.
Nowadays, ship engineers are specifically advised to inculcate best power saving
practices while carrying out on various on board operations.
Power management on ships comprises of two main aspects:
a. Automatic Power Management Systems: Using automation to conserve power.
b. Using best practices and management guidelines to reduce power consumption.

Most modern day ships today are built with provisions for periodically unattended
machinery spaces (PUMS). On such vessels, automatic power management system (PMS)
plays a role, which is of utmost vitality. Not only does the PMS does away with manual
synchronisation of generators, it efficiently regulates the number of generators on the
busbar according to the changing load.
Some of the major functions performed by the PMS are as follows:
1. Cutting in and out of the generators according to increase and decrease of load.
2. Gradually loading and unloading of generator alternator sets, so as to minimise
thermal and frictional stresses.
3. Performing load sharing operations among the generators symmetrically or
asymmetrically (depending on auto/manually set parameters).

Diesel generators are the primary components of the PMS. All generators have a maker’s
specific minimum, maximum load criteria, and optimum load criteria. When the
generators are synced with the ship’s PMS, engineers have the option of changing the
minimum and maximum point beyond which, the generator cannot be loaded. This is to
prevent various stresses on the physical components of the generator.
The loading and unloading of power from the alternator of the generator is driven by
time lag functions, which often means, that a sudden spike in the load cannot be
compensated by the PMS. A hardwired preferential trip, then, becomes, an essential
requirement of the system in order to prevent sudden blackout.
Some ships are also fitted with a shaft
motor, which not only compensates for a
sudden drop in load, but also, minimises
shaft torque on engines with a long
propulsion shaft. Another advancement in
technology has been in the form of a
combined Shaft Motor/Generator set
which is regulated by the PMS.

When generator sets are run in parallel, including, shaft generators, diesel generators
and/or steam driven turbine generator, the PMS almost completely regulates the load
on each component. Generally, in case of generators with equal load capacity, the load
on the bus bar is distributed symmetrically on the alternators. However, different kinds
of power generating machines, having different maximum an optimum load, the PMS
distributes asymmetrically.

For efficient fuel consumption, it is always desirable to run the minimum number of
generators, each at a load that is optimum. For instance, one generator running at 30%
load may be more fuel efficient than 2 running at 15% and, conversely, one generator
running at 70% may consume more fuel than 2 running at 35% load each. Thus,
performance evaluation of generators according to their maximum and optimum rated
capacity must be carried out regularly.

At the start of each voyage, marine engineers must discuss the power management
plan and consider various factors like, number of reefers onboard, use of stabilisers
during the voyage, maintenance to be carried out on any generator during the voyage
to determine which and how many generators to run. An unexpected breakdown in the
generators may require cutting down on the power consumption. Let’s take a look at a
few factors which would help in smart reduction of consumption of power.

1. Reefers– Container ships, also, designed to carry reefers, will, of course consume a

higher power with the increase in the number of live reefers onboard. Stowage
plans must be checked so that reefers requiring ventilation would be carried on
open decks. Where placed in cargo holds, efficient usage of reefer cooling water
system is a much more economic way than using heavy inlet and exhaust fans for
cargo hold ventilation. Thus, it is imperative the fresh water cooling system for
reefers, which includes fresh water and sea water pumps, expansion tank and
pipelines are kept in good working condition.
2. Ballast pumps– Most ballast pumps are heavy duty pumps which consume a lot of
power. Ballast plans should be formulated with the aim of using ballast pumps only
when required. Filling of tanks, where practical, must be carried out by gravity.
Similarly, use of ejectors only while final stripping of tanks and not continuously
while deballasting, reduces usage of pumps and eventually power.
3. Fuel Transfer pumps- Usage of service steam effectively to heat the fuel in storage
tanks is an important power reduction factor. Fuel to be transferred must be kept at
the temperature mentioned in the fuel specification document. Low temperatures
of fuel result in frequent tripping of the pumps, not to mention, prolonged running
of the pumps to transfer the same amount of fuel.
4. Air compressors- Any air leaks in the start air or service and working air must be
repaired as soon as detected to prevent continuous running of compressors and to
prevent frequent loading/unloading of compressors. Running hours of the
compressors must be looked at closely and planned maintenance on the
compressors must be carried out according to maker’s specification.
5. Fresh water- Most ships today use hydrophore tanks to pump fresh water for
domestic and other purposes. These tanks must be topped up frequently with air, so
as to minimise frequent running of hydrophore pumps to achieve the set pressure in
the tank.
6. Central Cooling water system- Care must be taken when establishing the number of
sea water, high temperature and low temperature pumps which are running.
Sometimes, additional pumps may start resulting in higher power consumption.
7. Engine room ventilation- Ventilation fans are also large consumers. Engine room
pressure and temperature must be carefully evaluated so as to run only the
required number of fans. Where fan motors are dual speed or of a variable
frequency type, selection of lower speeds, where practical, go a long way in
reducing power consumption.
8. Lights– A simple, yet largely unpractised factor is switching off lights which are not
in use. Cargo hold lights, steering gear room lights, deck lights should be switched
on only when in use. This practice will go a long way in curtailing power
consumption.

The above clearly shows how important planning a voyage is in order to minimise
consumption of power. Considering the number of ship operations carried out on
board ships, close coordination among deck and engine departments is absolutely
essential, perhaps more important than the PMS itself.

Task 2. Answer the questions below!

1. Why do we have to reduce the power consumption? Give your reasons!
here is an environmental need to reduce energy consumption. Global warming is
becoming more of a current focus, and to reduce its impact we need to reduce our
energy consumption.
2. What are the primary components of the PMS?
Diesel generator
3. What have to do to prevent various stresses on the physical components of the
generator?
When the generators are synced with the ship’s PMS, engineers have the option of
changing the minimum and maximum point beyond which, the generator cannot be
loaded.
4. What are some efforts to reduce the power consumption?
1. Reefers
Stowage plans must be checked so that reefers requiring ventilation would be
carried on open decks. Where placed in cargo holds, efficient usage of reefer
cooling water system is a much more economic way than using heavy inlet and
exhaust fans for cargo hold ventilation.
2. Ballast pump
Ballast plans should be formulated with the aim of using ballast pumps only
when required.
3. Fuel transfer pump
Fuel to be transferred must be kept at the temperature mentioned in the fuel
specification document. Low temperatures of fuel result in frequent tripping of
the pumps, not to mention, prolonged running of the pumps to transfer the
same amount of fuel.
4. Air compressors
 Running hours of the compressors must be looked at closely and
planned maintenance on the compressors must be carried out according to
maker’s specification.
5. Fresh water
These tanks must be topped up frequently with air, so as to minimise frequent
running of hydrophore pumps to achieve the set pressure in the tank.

6. Central cooling water system

- Care must be taken when establishing the number of sea water, high
temperature and low temperature pumps which are running. Sometimes,
additional pumps may start resulting in higher power consumption.
7. Engine room ventilation
Ventilation fans are also large consumers. Where fan motors are dual speed or
of a variable frequency type, selection of lower speeds, where practical, go a
long way in reducing power consumption.
8. Lights
Considering the number of ship operations carried out on board ships, close
coordination among deck and engine departments is absolutely essential,
perhaps more important than the PMS itself.

C. Grammar: Present Continuous Tense

Study these sentences

The Present Continuous Tense:
Task 3. Fill in the blank spaces with the suitable verbs and tenses (Simple Present Tense
or Present Continuous Tense) give the appropriate verbs
1. Captain James (he) sails on his yacht every holiday ( sails / is sailing)
2. Today the sun ...is...shining
3. Listen! The dog ..is....barking
4. Hush! The baby ....is......sleeping
5. John can’t come to the phone. He is taking a shower. (takes/ is taking)
6. We always .travel.. by air
7. Tim never ..comes.. late
8. Look at Timothy! He ..is riding... his bicycle with no hands.
9. Andrew ...is studying... at the moment.
10. The vessel usually ..carries.. only bulk cargo but on this voyage we .are carrying......
containers as well.

Task 4. Compose a communication using present continuous tense provided with

picture (find it by yourself). Look at the example below!

Joko : What are you cooking?

Bimo : I’m cooking fried chicken and making some salad for dinner.