THE RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORT

Volume 14 No.1 2019

DOI 10.14526/2070-4798-2019-14-1-89-93

Connection between sports traumatism structure and sports qualification

level in calisthenics

Olga V. Morozova1, Nina A. Zinchuk1, Aleksandr V. Dorontsev2*, Aleksey V.

Kashirsky2
Astrakhan State University
1

Astrakhan, Russia
ORCID: 0000-0001-7354-738X, ov-fomina@yandex.ru
ORCID: 0000-0001-5837-9912, niva-zinchuk@mail.ru
2
Astrakhan State Medical University
Astrakhan, Russia
ORCID: 0000-0002-9446-103X, aleksandr.doroncev@rambler.ru*
ORCID: 0000-0001-8685-4952, kmn2001@mail.ru

Abstract: On the basis of sports traumas complex study among those, who go in for gymnastics, we
revealed different injuries, conditioned by the level of sports qualification. We examined 247 gymnasts of
different qualification (from mass categories to masters of sport) on the basis of a regional physical-medical
dispensary and Astrakhan State Medical University within the following period: 2008-2018. The indices
of general physical and special physical readiness level, anthropometric indices, physical study results
and functional tests were estimated. Materials. Material of the research was presented by the official
information concerning the first medical aid appealability at gymnastics sports school of the Olympic reserve
named after L.A. Tikhomirovaю The reports of judging teams about the competitions results, qualification
results of the female athletes and the results of the annual medical check-up were presented. Research
methods. In order to define the frequency of locomotor apparatus traumas depending on the level of
qualification we revealed the indices of the formed time ranges, their analysis was realized with the help
of the application package (Statistica 10,0; the USA). The validity of differences was estimated according
to Student's test. The differences were valid in case р<0,05. Results. The dynamics of traumatism study
during the period 2008-2018 showed that there was the tendency of sports injuries increase with sports
qualification improvement. It is interesting to note sports injuries increase during the period of the female
athletes (15-16 years old) intensive growth. Conclusion. On the basis of the received results we come to
the conclusion that the existing tendency of sports traumatism increase among female gymnasts of high
qualification proves insufficient personification and structurization of the trainings.
Keywords: calisthenics, the level of sports qualification, sports traumatism.

For citation: Olga V. Morozova, Nina A. Zinchuk, Aleksandr V. Dorontsev*, Aleksey V. Kashirsky.
Connection between sports traumatism structure and sports qualification level in calisthenics. The Russian
Journal of Physical Education and Sport. 2019; 14(1): 77-80. DOI 10.14526/2070-4798-2019-14-1-89-93

Introduction [1,3,13,14]. Great volume of difficult for coordination

In the structure of sports traumatism there
are different in difficulty and kind traumas. They are
typical for this or that kinds of sport [2]. The problem
of traumatism in elite sport is very important not
only in the sphere of medicine, but also in social
and economic spheres [7]. A high level of elements
difficulty and dynamic character of compositions
in calisthenics claims special demands on physical
and psychological readiness of female gymnasts
elements in each structural group typical for the
definite things, demands systematized physical load
[8,9,15]. Sports traumatism study reveals system
mistakes in the structure of educational-training
lessons and adequacy of physical loads [4,16,17]. The
scientists mention that the typical dynamism and
high emotional tension during sports competitions
in calisthenics place great demands on locomotor
apparatus and cardiorespiratory system [6,10,11,18].
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Theory and Methods of Sport Training
Energy reserves depletion, competitive stress-factor
can become the reason for regulatory-adaptive
mechanisms disorder and capsular-ligamentous
apparatus traumas [5,12].In this connection we held
the research of sports traumatism among those,
who go in for calisthenics. We took into account the
level of their qualification.
The aim of the research is to define the
frequency and structure of sports injuries among
people, who go in for calisthenics, taking into
account age and sports qualification.
An objective: to define prognostic model
of sports traumatism for the work programs of
calisthenics training lessons improvement
Materials and Research Methods
During the research (2008-2018) we
analyzed sports traumatism among 247 girls. They
go in for calisthenics. They have different sports
qualification. During the research we analyzed the
following: the dynamics and the structure of sports
traumas in accordance with the level of qualification
indices, the results of yearly cycles of training,
results of annual medical check-up.
Statistical analysis was realized with the help
of the application package (Statistica 10,0), the USA.
The research was held on the basis of Astrakhan
Regional physical-health-improving dispensary and
Astrakhan State Medical University.
Results and Discussion
A long-term dynamics of sports traumatism
study among girls, who go in for calisthenics, showed
that during 10 years there were stable and increasing,
different in structure sports traumas among them.
In terms of qualification indices improvement the
structure and dynamics of locomotor apparatus
traumas also changed. Typical traumas among
the female gymnasts of the 3-2 categories were
the following: superficial injuries, bruises, sore
spots – 83,5%, capsular-ligamentous apparatus
strain – 16,7%. Among the 1st category athletes the
following traumas prevailed: superficial injuries –
69,3%, increased number of strains and capsular-
ligamentous apparatus over-tension – 23,2 %, bones
fractures – 8,3%. Candidate masters of sport (CMS)
and masters of sport (MS) had the following results:
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Volume 14 No.1 2019
superficial injuries – 62,0%, strains and capsular-
ligamentous apparatus over-tension- 18,2%, joints
dislocations – 10,1%, bones fractures – 9,6%. In the
structure of sports traumas and their localization
all athletes had peripheral divisions of extremities
injuries, ankle and foot injuries prevailed among
the 1st category athletes- 77,9%, candidate masters
of sport- 79,7% and masters of sport – 78,8%, pain
syndrome of vertebral area was mainly among
candidate masters of sport – 67,7% and masters of
sport – 69,1%, less distinct pain syndrome of this
localization was among the 1st category athletes –
12,3%. It wasn’t revealed among the 3rd and 2nd
category athletes. Wrist and hand traumas were
mainly among the 1st category athletes and candidate
masters of sport, 40,3% and 33,1%. Masters of sport
had the following percentage of this trauma – 17,1%,
maximum values were revealed among the female
athletes of the 3rd and the 2nd categories – 9,5%.
During the dynamics of sports traumatism study
among female gymnasts of all qualifications it was
stated that the maximum level of injuries during the
competitive period was during the last month of the
period (r – 0,601; р<0,05).
Using autocorrelated analysis we defined
that in case of sports qualification increase there is a
considerable increase of sports traumatism increase
(r – 0,751; р <0,05). The results of the received
traumas comparison among the female athletes of
mass categories and highly-qualified gymnasts prove
that the following traumas prevail: joints injuries
and vertebral area injuries (r – 0,631; р <0,05). It
should be noted that the greatest traumatism was in
extremities peripheral divisions among the female
athletes during the period of intensive growth – 15-
16 years old. They corresponded with qualification
indices increase till master of sport level.
Conclusion
On the basis of the received results we come
to the conclusion that sports qualification level
increase is characterized by a steady tendency of
sports traumatism increase. The presented model of
sports injuries risk depending on qualification level
can be used during individual programs of training
creation. On the basis of the revealed regularities
it is possible to create personified algorithms of
mastering difficult in coordination exercises and
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Volume 14 No.1 2019

joins and the elements with a high risk of injuries high amplitude; exercises, which have difficult
in peripheral divisions of extremities and vertebral for coordination elements; interaction in-group
area. Special attention should be paid to the female exercises, the fulfillment of which demands
athletes during the period of their intensive growth. thorough control of spatial characteristics.
In terms of qualitative changes in anthropometric
data it is necessary to correct the exercises with a
Table 1 – Traumatism structure depending on the qualification of the female athletes (the average indices
within the following period: 2008-2018)

The 3rd
Places of Without a The 1st
–2nd CMS % MS % TOTAL %
injuries category % category %
category %
Ankle joint
1,1 10,8 22,7 31,9 33,5 100
and foot
Knee-joint - 4,3 15,7 33,9 47,1 100
Vertebral
- 5,3 22,3 34,3 39,1 100
area
Wrists and a
1,8 12,9 28,3 28,3 29,7 100
hand
Elbow joint 1,5 19,1 24,9 27,5 27,0 100
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Submitted: 15.02.2019

Author’s information:
Olga V. Morozova – Candidate of Pedagogics, Associate Professor, Astrakhan State University,
414028, Russia, Astrakhan, Tatishchev str., House 31/17, e-mail: ov-fomina@yandex.ru
Nina A. Zinchuk – Candidate of Pedagogics, Associate Professor, Astrakhan State University,
414028, Russia, Astrakhan, Tatishchev str., House 31/17, e-mail: niva-zinchuk@mail.ru
Aleksandr V. Dorontsev* – Candidate of Pedagogics, Associate Professor, Astrakhan State
Medical University, 414000, Russia, Astrakhan, Bakinskaya str., House 121, e-mail: aleksandr.doroncev@
rambler.ru*
Aleksey V. Kashirskiy – Student, Astrakhan State Medical University, 414000, Russia,
Astrakhan, Bakinskaya str., House 121, e-mail: kmn2001@mail.ru

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