COLLEGE OF OUR LADY OF MT.

CARMEL
Fundamentals of Nursing
BSN 1

Finals Activity 1 (Medications)

Submitted to:

Ms. Lyn Villamater

Submitted by:

Calaramo, Dweine Geffry D.

Tungul, Ma. Rita Concepcion B.

Sicat, Shanley Ann P.

De Leon, Irish D.

Lacson, April Gay Z.

Gonzales, Allyson P.

Lagman, Kathrina M.

Del Rosario, Julianne N.

Miranda, Joana Mitchelle A.

Godinez, Leeanne Ghinelle Q.

Yutuc, Trixie Kate

De Vera, Kylle

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Fundamentals of Nursing
BSN 1

The 10 rights of Drug Medication Administration

Many pharmaceutical errors can be avoided by understanding the 10 Rights of

Drug Administration. Nurses, who are primarily involved in the administration of

medications can benefit from this simplified memory aid, which will guide them through

the process of securely administering prescriptions.

Nurses are responsible for ensuring safe and quality patient care at all times. As

many nursing tasks involve a degree of risk, medication administration arguably carries

the greatest risk. Research on medical administration errors (MAEs) showed that there is

a 60% error rate mainly in the form of wrong time, rate, or dose. Some medication errors

cause permanent disability and for others the errors are fatal.

Follow these 10 rights of drug administration to ensure safe patient care.

1. RIGHT DRUG

The first right of the drug administration is to inspect and verify that the name and form

are correct. Be wary of medicine names that look and sound alike. A typical blunder is

misreading drug names that seem similar. These medicine names may sound similar,

which might lead to prescription errors when given verbally.

2. RIGHT PATIENT

Determining whether or not a patient being treated is the correct recipient for whom

medication was prescribed. Examine the name on the prescription and on the wristband.

Use at least two identifiers and ask the patient to identify themselves. Confirming that the

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Fundamentals of Nursing
BSN 1

patient being treated is, in fact, the intended recipient of the drug. This is best

accomplished by nurses asking a patient's complete name aloud and, if necessary,

checking medical bracelets for a match to the name and ID number on the chart. If there

are two or more patients in a unit with the same or similar names, it is best not to address

them by their first or last names alone.

3. RIGHT DOSE

During this step, the nurse ensures the drug dosage matches the recommended quantity

and verifies the appropriate dose range for the patient’s age and medical condition, and

also validates that the prescription does not represent a harmful dosage level (a dose that

is either too high to too low).

4. RIGHT TIME AND FREQUENCY

This step is especially crucial when PRN medications are administered since the nurse

must verify the time of the prior dose and compare it to the required frequency. The nurse

confirms that the drug is being provided according to the specified time and frequency.

When feasible, medications should be given on time. When numerous patients are

scheduled to get multiple drugs at the same time, however, meeting this timeliness

objective can be difficult. Most facilities have a policy that medications can be given 30

minutes before or beyond the prescribed time.

5. RIGHT ROUTE

The nurse confirms that the route of administration is appropriate for both the medicine

and the patient at this phase. While certain drugs may be properly supplied via numerous

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Fundamentals of Nursing
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routes, others can only be safely administered via one route. The nurses must also provide

drugs in line with the order’s instructions. If a nurse notices an error in the order or feels

that the route is hazardous for a specific patient, the route must first be approved by the

prescribing practitioner.

6. RIGHT DOCUMENTATION

To minimize mistakes caused by an unintentional repeat dosage, it’s critical to document

medicine delivery as soon as possible. To minimize medication mistakes, nurses should

double check the following information in addition to confirming the fundamental rights

of medicine delivery and recording the administration.

7. RIGHT HISTORY AND ASSESSMENT

The nurse should be aware of the patient’s allergies as well as any of the drug interactions

that have occurred in the past. Nurses also collect appropriate evaluation data about the

patient’s history, present state, and recent test results in order to discover any

contraindications to the patient receiving the recommended drug.

8. RIGHT DRUG INTERACTIONS

Any past drug interactions or the patient’s diet should be reviewed in the patient’s history.

It is also critical to verify the expiration date of the drug before taking it.

9. RIGHT EDUCATION AND INFORMATION

The patient should be informed about the medicine, including both the intended

therapeutic effects and the potential side effects. The patient should be urged to inform

the nurse and/ or prescribing clinician of any suspected side effects.

10. RIGHT TO REFUSE

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Fundamentals of Nursing
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The patient has the right to decline the prescription after receiving pharmaceutical

education, as long as the Nurses Code of Ethics and individual patient autonomy are

respected. If a patient refuses to take medicine after being given clear instructions, the

incident should be documented in the patient’s records and the prescribing practitioner

notified.

CASE STUDY

The health care provider has ordered Compazine 10 mg IM every 4 hours pm for a 37-

year-old male client who is awake and alert. The client tells you that he is not currently

taking any other medications or natural supplements.

The Compazine is available in an ampule. How will you properly prepare the

Compazine from the ampule?

1. Perform hand hygiene, then inspect the ampule for any visible defects,

discoloration, or particles in the solution.

2. Assure that all of the liquid in the ampule is contained in the body instead of the

head and neck. Tap the ampule head, and the fluid will flow down into the ampule's

body.

3. Apply alcohol prep to the ampule's neck and allow it to dry.

4. Connect the syringe to the filter straw. Leave the filter straw in its packaging until

it is ready to use, and leave the syringe's needle in its packaging until it's ready to

use.

5. Wrap the gauze around the ampule's head and neck.

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6. Place the ampule on a flat, stable surface and pull on its head with a snapping

motion to separate it from its neck. Some ampules have a lacerated neck, making

them easy to break off. Take note that pulling the head off will prevent the broken

parts of the ampule away from the body, thus preventing injuries.

7. Discard the ampule's cap in the sharp’s container.

8. To withdraw Compazine from the ampule, we should follow the following steps:

• Place the ampule on a stable, flat surface.

• Insert the filter straw into the ampule and avoid touching its broken edges since

they are contaminated. Additionally, do not inject air into the ampule. This

guideline only applies to vials.

• Withdraw Compazine 10 mg. We will need to remove additional air from the

syringe and then squirt out the excess, so we will need to extract a little more than

the prescribed amount.

• Take the filter straw from the ampule, flip the syringe upside down, and remove

any air bubbles by flicking the syringe and using the plunger to expel the air

bubbles.

• Remove and throw the ampule and filter straw in the sharp’s container.

• Attach the original needle device to the syringe and store it in its protective

covering until ready for use.

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Fundamentals of Nursing
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Describe the process of administering Compazine by intramuscular

injection.

Intramuscular injection is a technique for inserting medications into the bulk of

specially chosen muscles. The bulky muscles have good vascularity, so the injected drug

quickly enters the systemic circulation and then into the specific area of action, bypassing

first-pass metabolism. So, what is the process of administering Compazine by

intramuscular injection? This medication is administered via vein injection or deep

injection into a muscle (usually the buttock).

To avoid local irritation, avoid injecting underneath the skin. Dosage is determined

by your age, health condition, and treatment response. Without your doctor's permission,

do not increase your dose or use this medicine more frequently. Your situation will not

enhance any faster, and the risk of severe side effects may increase. If you are taking this

medication on a regular basis, use it consistently to get the most benefit. Take it at the

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Fundamentals of Nursing
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same time(s) every day to help you remember. Consult your physician if your condition

becomes worse.

In general, dosages in the lower range are sufficient for most elderly patients. Since

they appear to be more susceptible to hypotension and neuromuscular reactions, such

patients should be observed closely. Dosage should be tailored to the individual, response

carefully monitored and dosage adjusted accordingly. Dosage should be increased more

gradually in elderly patients

Notes on Injection: Stability–This solution should be protected from light. This is a

clear, colorless to pale yellow solution; a slight yellowish discoloration will not alter

potency. If markedly discolored, the solution should be discarded.

To Control Severe Nausea and Vomiting: Adjust dosage to the response of the

individual. Begin with the lowest recommended dosage.

Oral Dosage–Tablets: Usually one 5 mg or 10 mg tablet 3 or 4 times daily. Daily

dosages above 350-40 mg should be used only in resistant cases. Spansule capsules:

Initially, usually one 15 mg capsule on arising or one 10 mg capsule q12h. Daily doses

above 40 mg should be used only in resistant cases.

Rectal Dosage: 25 mg twice daily.

I.M. Dosage: Initially 5 to 10 mg (1 to 2 mL) injected deeply into the upper outer

quadrant of the buttock. If necessary, repeat every 3 or 4 hours. Total I.M. dosage should

not exceed 40 mg per day.

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Fundamentals of Nursing
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I.V. Dosage: 2½ to 10 mg (½ to 2 mL) by slow I.V. injection or infusion at a rate not to

exceed 5 mg per minute. Compazine Injection may be administered either undiluted or

diluted in isotonic solution. A single dose of the drug should not exceed 10 mg; total I.V.

dosage should not exceed 40 mg per day. When administered I.V., do not use bolus

injection. Hypotension is a possibility if the drug is given by I.V. injection or infusion.

Based on the Scenario:

• In administering Compazine through muscular injection, the medication is

injected into a vein or into a muscle, usually the upper outer quadrant of the

buttock.

• A dosage of 5 mg to 10 mg is injected initially and the process is repeated every 3

to 4 hours. In a day, the total dosage of Compazine should not exceed 40 mg.

“UT SERVE EST

AMARE” To Love is To
Serve

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Ut Serve Est Amare

 COLLEGE OF OUR LADY OF MT. CARMEL
Fundamentals of Nursing
BSN 1

References

7.2 Parenteral Medications and Preparing Medications from Ampules and Vials. (n.d.). Retrieved from

BCcampus: https://opentextbc.ca/clinicalskills/chapter/safe-injection-administration-and-

preparing-medication-from-ampules-and-vials/

BR, A. (2017). The 10 rights of drug administration. Retrieved from SlideShare:

https://www.slideshare.net/AnilKumarGowda/the-10-rights-of-drug-administration

Compazine - Uses, Side Effects, and More. (n.d.). Retrieved from WebMD:

https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-3672/compazine-oral/details

COMPAZINE. (2020). Retrieved from RxList: https://www.rxlist.com/compazine-drug.htm

GENERIC NAME: PROCHLORPERAZINE - INJECTION (pro-klor-PAIR-uh-zeen). (n.d.). Retrieved from

MedicineNet: https://www.medicinenet.com/prochlorperazine-injection/article.htm

How to Withdraw Medication from an Ampule. (n.d.). Retrieved from RegisteredNurseRN.com:

https://www.registerednursern.com/how-to-withdraw-medication-from-an-ampule/

prochlorperazine (Rx). (2022). Retrieved from Medscape:

https://reference.medscape.com/drug/compazine-spansules-prochlorperazine-342055

The 10 Rights of Medication Administration. (2015). Retrieved from nursingnotes:

https://nursingnotes.co.uk/resources/10-rights-of-medication-administration/

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