CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Cresswell (2010) defines a conceptual framework as a feature or model that shows

interrelationships between variables that hold high importance in the study, basing much on the
discretion of the researcher. In this study, this conceptual framework synthesizes important study
elements stipulated by the research objectives. It presents the impact that different kinds of fringe
benefits have on employee retention graphically as explained in the literature review.

Dependent variable Independent variables

Employment security benefits

Employee retention Health security benefits

Personnel recognition benefits

Retirement benefits

Figure 2: conceptual framework

Source: modified but adapted from Kamau (2013)