Bee ee G. Le «-23 VLA. Kyp6acoza E.H. Cusaumena V.H. Cuo6oacxan Anenutcii Ona MEXHUUCCKUX 6Y306 (rpancnopr, crpouteanerso, cBA3b) Jlonyuteno Mnuerepersom sucmer® 1 epeaero eteaianunora dpasanansia CCCP w avecTae yoeore aan erytenton eresiionoponinse eneaambnoctel taeu yeorux soneseint Mocesa’eBucian mxdma» 1988~ ah BBK 81.2 Aura-923 E = * 7 K 93 Peneusentu: Kapeapa miocrpanmix sakes Ypazscxoro snexTpomexanieckoro IicTiTYTa MuOKeNepoS rxe.tesHOZOpOMOTO pavenopta (228. kageapon xavia. dutoa. nays, son. HA. Kys exon) 1 Katia. dunaoa. uayx, xox. HM. B, Opaonekan (Mockosckoe ucruee rextimeckoe yuilaiuie we. H. 3, Baywana) Kyp6acova H. A. u ap. Auramiicknii a3biK ast TeXHHIeCKHX BY3OB (TpaH- cnopr, exponreanctno, case): Yae6./H. A. KypGacoza, E. H. Cnaanrsesa, HH. Cao6oxexas.—M.: Bucmat wKk., 1988.— 304 ¢, Vou spenonicnon ana eneuuanssocteA xys0n xeaearonopoaciora ‘spaudnopee, ‘noeet npobeanpyount. sapake ssaaeren eps, Lea > Hecpacint atm aeparyp no enesusatta 8 pire nanos YerNeh kere nosodpawie ha oparadanesol waywno-nonyaspuol w obserex- ngecnol sutepanyoan to TeMarines cipovteaicrao eesMuN pope aro ocrpoenn: igre a nytenoe sonstcrao,sovonarapauvs,TeaeMenamike W C3 Ne‘ meneargopemtos Tpanesopre, woeTs W TonnesW Ap 46020 10000 (4308000000)-132 004 (01-8 K93 K 227-88 BBK 81.2 Aura-o23 YUEBHOE HOQANIE Wura Anexceesua Kyp6acosa Enena Hapiriia Chaauruena Hpsma Huoaaeona Cacéoxexan Aneautickul s3bix Stn ge 5 (rpanenopr, eTpowTeaneTao, caaat) Saneayioman pexakuuell I. 9. Bosxwwa. Pesexrop H. A. Kpacxoea. Maaaium) pezaerop E. 1, TToaumoea. Xyaoxunx B. H. Kasaxcea. Xyaomecraeinuin peaaktop B. H. Hovomapenso, Texanseckui pexaxtop T. A. Pemucoea. Crapunit Koppextop E. B. Konapoea HB 3% 6175 3 sa. % 8-930, Caan nadop 17.06.87. Tloas.» seuare 12.12.87. @opuar Soren 1a Ve. "tea,'t 1bSee yee pert 88 fase fo O6ve TEE ge $0000 axa Sex 38 38" Lote | 986 149 Moowss, FCTsi, Hevauna yy Maasveaterso «Bucuiss kana, 290 “ig, Orsegrao © wpm Opsra Orcacmucrod Pononaunn onze, Tpyao. RSS, Rishone “Cescneapagupty” spa Tecagperscsaak nowrere % Coch fo gen wonareavere, hoaurpagun fh xaiianotropronit, "T1305! ‘now 'Facyzapervesinon toaete CCCP no Aeaaw Sigarencera, mane popyH Munna opronsn, 600000, r. Banamenp.Oxrmepicent ingore. kT 5 © Moaatemetso «Bucuas ukoaar, 1988 MIPEAMCIOBHE aust yaeGnnk npeanasnavaeren aan cryxentos mictiTyTos ese3- noxopoxtioro Tpaucnopta, Haysanuinx aurauiicKul au ® uiKoze. Veo UK coctansen B cooTeTCTRHH ¢ TpeSoBaKHaM aelicrayioutel mporpaMa To anrsufcKoMy s3uKY an HenSuIKOBLLX CneltHaabHOCTeH ByB0B H pace cura npuaepno ua 170 sacos aysutopusx sausruh (I-A u 2-A stant Oy enn) ‘YueOu crasnr esoel teAbIO MOABECTH YuaUUNXCA K ATEHILO OpHrT ambi cvereparypla no cneunanssocrH aK MoaySeHus uyaKHOl MAbop> Maui, @ TaKKE PAINTS HeobXOAANUE NaBLKH yorHOTO obueHUA Ha auranickoM sasuke 8 oSueMe naTepxaaa, npexyeworpentioro mporpammol, ‘VaeGnnk cosa Ha ocHoue TaTeAKHO OTOGpaMHOTO TeKcTOSOTO Ma- ‘epwana no mpo6aevan oKereaHOROpOMHOTO rpawenopTa. BoxsuuHerso TeKCTOB B3ATO H3 opurinaneunox anTAWACKHX M aMepHRAHCKHX MCTOXMHKOS. acre TeKcTOR, MocasuLeHHinx HCTOPHKE H paASDHTHNO OTeYeCTBeMIOM xeNES- ROxopORHOH TEXHDIKH, COCTAIeHA He OCHOBE nNepHOAWNECKHX Ht Hay'uO- Tonyzspusie copercKix wazaHuth Crpykrypa yaeSunka, YueGunk cocrour ua tpex dactell u npuzoxe- sua, Tlepsax sacrs—ocwostolt xype—sxaouaer I7 ypoKos, npexwasna- MeuNLIX AAR PABBITHA HABUKOS pasaMURLIX BHIOB MTeNNR, YCTHOM pexW # nepesoxt (ypoxH 1—T naaunpyorea aaa paGoru » nepsow cexecr ‘ypoxut 8—I3— so propom ceuectpe: ypoku 14—17—e tperew). B Kose aNIOTO ceMecrpa AaIOTEN KoWTPOAbHLe YnparsHENAA nO TpaNwaTHKe. Bropas acre coxepaurT TexeTa M YnpaxwieHua AnH paabiTis HasKKOD yerwoit pews. Tpetea wacrs npeteranaena Texcran AAR caNocronTesbe Horo srenus. TIpiaowenue axsiowser kparkie rpannarieckie moncHenu K ypokaM m eMUcOK cz0y, NOAeKAILUX aKTuBOMY YouORHWO 9a KypC o5yuenns, Crpykrypa ypoxa. Kaabii ypox cocrour 1s ssoamsxx ynpaxnen, focuopuoro rexera A, nocacrexctopux ynpaauenul 4 aonoauuTemunsx rexctos BC. Bsoauuie ynpaxvenin myeor ueaso cHaTHe aeKcuKO Kpawaraseckux tpyauoctell mpi ostaKouuTeneuoN yTewuH ccuoBHOrO ‘excra Aw pujloausiorea p ayautropi4 nocae upexeans cooTeercrayoutero atepiana apenorasaresem. Tlocaerexctoaiie ynpaxHenlin mpeawaana Menu AMR OBYseNUARONCKOBOMY H USyYAIOUEMY BAAN HTeWUA, AH BTO- 3PuRHOrO SaKpenstenst AeKCHKO-rpaNNaTHNeCKOTD MaTepHaIa W pasBiTHR aBuiKos yerHofl peu. Texcrs Bn C uvelor weasio passive y yu uixeR NaBHKA sTeHHIN € OGuLH OxBaTOM coxePaKaMN (ostaKoMITEZE ‘wrenue) aM novexos0ro wewA np 2enaunow rexme peur, a TaKHE Rapuxa NoHOaOTHYECKOH anaaornuecKoi pew. ‘Texerat nepsoro ceeerpa Jonoatlews Tpewuponowun ynpaaknesite Mu, HeMpanrenHUIN Ha paste HapisKa paGons co CnOBApeM i y¥eNH Binet rpapasecnyio u rpannaruveckyio gopyy e089. ‘Marepiaa sropo 4aCrM y4eGuuka npeaHaauaven 38 covepiieNeTHO- OHNE HABUIKOB TonOpeNN® H AYSNpOBAMKR H AKAIOVAET TeKCTIA, CBAIAI- ne © yseGol eryaenta m uNeTHTYTe 4 € BaXHAMHMH COOKTHSII BKM nawell ctpana. Uesis rexcron ata cavocromrectsuoro sreint— aazenelimee pasniTie hnapukos sted W paGors co cxosapes. B rpanwarwsecknx noscuenuax aatepiaa noxaeres 1a ocuoRe op- saaovo-rpanniariueckuex npusuaxon. B enucke C108 YkaaaH HoMeP YPOKA, 1B KoTopoM nuoanTen Zauuice c.1080. Avrope: it 1. OcosHolt Kype “ Ypox 1 pemvarmna: 1. Ocuoumie Gopi raarona (§ 16) 2. Taromine dope So eer ie a Casbreanew aaate 1 3" ttomectreagos sexo H npirommaresorait ase cyuecranTem murg 1 yas Crenein cpantovn npnsarareabiu w apeant @ 4). ETiopason enon noseerammareahex npexaomenit OME W eB: Haran mpoon Gn) 8 cana to eSNG } i BBOAHBIE YNPAIKHEHWA K TEKCTY A / 1. Hs naacdoil cmpoxu eoinuuume caosa, Komopele aaan- fomes cuenaaanu sBn020 cKasyenocd. were — most —producing —had —safely—_must—to do ‘ought —have— operate—be—am — thought —could should — used —was—widely — may —broke— being is another — still —will —been —did —to live—do built —iaster—are—does —us—would—done—has fight — might —shall equipped —very —can—to have 2. Cpedu danneer caos naikdume eaazoat & aunnod pope; ykaxcume, Kakue ua Hux He NOZy Bolcmynams camocmoameso- Ho a dynxyuu ckasyenozd. can, am, has, doing, ought, do, must, shall, to have, had, was, does, would, did, may, to go, could, is, been, have, to do, having, should, might, are, done, being, were, will. 3. Cpasnume nap npedsomenuit; no opaaanroise npu- shaKam onpedeaume saa0e cKasyeMoed ¢ OGoUxX NpeDAOWEHLUAX; Tnepesedume npedaoxcenua na pycorutt sabi. | O6pasey: The first railways used horses for drawing trains. (aeiicrauteabausit 3aaor) 5 Pee [0 14 |Tlepauie ezesnbie xoporm HenomsoBamm nouazel JIA TATH TioeazOB, Horses were used on the first railways for drawing trains. (ctpazatenusii sazor) Jlomann Menomsosaanes Ha mepsbix >xereanex Roporax nH TarH Moesz03. 1. The Cherepanovs constructed the first stean locomo- five in Russia.— In our country. the first railway was con: structed in the Urals. 2. George Stephenson demonstrated his locomotive in 1829.—Now this locomotive is demon- strated in a London museum. 3. Many changes will take place on the railways in the fulure.—Many changes will be made on the railways in the future. 4. Mepecedume npedromenun co ckasyenmuu s cmpada- meaonom saaoze; nepesod naxunatime ¢ npedaoza. Many inventions were not thought of before. MHOTHX usoGpeTeHiex paHbue He Ayaan, O6pasey: | 10 1. Super-high speeds were not heard of thirty years ago. 2. The achievements on the Soviet railways are often writ- ten about in newspapers and magazines. 3. The beginning of our century was spoken of as the Golden Age of travel. 4. The program was insisted on (wactannats xa) by many specialists. 5. One of the projects is objected to (sospaxars nporus). 6. The experiment was watched (jia6uo1aT» 3a) by a group of scientists. 7. All the questions were an- swered (oTsevarb ua) in detail. 8 The conference will be attended (npucyterBonat, na) by railway experts from va- rious countries. 9, Radio communication is affected by the weather (affect —sanatn Ha). 5, Tepecedume couemanua caos 6e9 caosapa. two functions of railways; the political and economic life of a country; a communication system; popular trans. port; public transport; industrial products;’ to demonstrate a model; a talented engineer; a metallurgical works; com- fortable trains; the opposition to the building of railroads. 6 CTIOBOOBPASOBAKHE 1 (-sion, -tion, -ation), nce eyecronteniinin: er 8), coance (eae ly 3) " Cypimncw npnnaratenenan: sant Gent), -able (ile) Cbd vapee: ely 6. Mepeaedume epynnes cAos cozaacno o6pasian. Ospasey: conduct nposoxwt»—conductor nposoxHtik — conduction npopoanuocts calculate (ssivicas7s)—calculator—caleulation; produce (wsroronats)— producer— production; excavate (puinumare rpyitt) —excavator—excavation; conclude (saxtovats) — conclusion; load (rpy3#T)— loader; OSpasey: difference pasawine—different pasamsntstt —res istence (cyute- resistance (conpotupzenite)—resistant; exist (cywe- crponasine)—existent; efficiency (adppextitpxocte)— efficient; permanent (1octosunotit) — permanence; dense naorubiii—density morHocTs probable zepoarnuii—probability Bepontnocts, le (npocroii)—simplicity; proper (coGcrsewmsit) — property: bet (uectitii)—locality; able (cnoco6xssit) — ability; responsibility (orsecrsentiocrs)—responsible; relia~ bility (wageaxtocrs) reliable; 6 pase: rapid 6uterpstl—rapidly Guictpo main raapiui—mainly raapHsim o6pasose |— smooth- trong (npounua)— strongly; smooth (naabuait) —smoo ly rigid {weoreta)righdlye total (ues, secs) totally, O6paseq: 7. [powunume npedaomenua u onpedeaume snaxenua ért- Geacinwix ca08 te cacsocowemanuil, He Rosdaysee c1oeapest. 1. The telephone and the telegraph are means of com- munication; the railways are a means of travel. 2. Rail. ways use two types of trains: for transporting people and for transporting, freight, So railways are used to carry passengers and freight. 3. Railways play a very importan part in the transportation of freight; they are important for the economic development of a’ country. 4. Express trains are also known as “fast trains’, 5. The early loco- 7motives were not fast; they were very slow. 6. M locomotives can draw very long trai ne 7. oe “ie ote motives were not strong and they often broke down. 8. George Stephenson called his locomotive the “Rocket”. 9. Steam railroads used the power of steam for drawing trains, 10. The power used for drawing trains is known as tractive power or traction. 11. The first railways appeared in Eng- Nand and were used to carry coal. 12, Locomotives are made at the locomotive-building works. 8. [Mpounume mexcm (5 suk. na KaxcdyI0 waco) Kpamxo nepedatime codepwanue xaxcdoe0 aboaya wt 01 spams Pr jaaya Ha PYyCCKOs TEXT A. FROM THE HISTORY OF RAILWAYS 1 (1) We usually think of railways as a meal vi It is true that railways are often used ears et bat their most important function is to carry freight. (2) Railways play a very important part in the nation al economy of a country because the economic and polit- ical development of a country depends on a wide network of transportation systems. Although we have now faster and more modem means of communication and transport ways are still the safest and the m ula 3 of transportation. ind The most popular mean (3) The early railways were net like the railways we have today. The very first railways used horses for draw: ing trains and were put into operation for transporting such products as coal, ore and timber. Later on, the horse railways were used as passenger transport in large cities. But these railways did not last long. (4) One of the first attempts to use the steam engine to draw passenger and freight trains was made in 1808 by Richard Trevithick,* an Englishman, who demonstrated his working model in London, This locomotive was looked at with great interest when it ran on a circular track of iron rails, For a shilling the public could travel in a carriage Jrawn by the steam engine. The locomotive was called “atch-me-who-can”, and people could really catch it be- cause it developed only 12mph.® But one day a rail broke a ee overturned, ending Trevithick's career an inventor. 8 t (5) In_ 1829, George Stephenson,® an English_inventor and engineer, built. a successful steam locomotive which he i a eee tr ocket”. This locomotive was, much smallet ? and lighter than the steam locos* developed later on, and and [isch slower. However, it could draw a small trait ae ead ears on the railway and developed an unheard-of speed of 13 mph (21_ kph). The invention of the steam locomotives made the railway the most important of all means of transportation. u san elas. site (Heeb OTE ¢ (8), Stephenson ot “Saly constrieted the ‘world's first, _s{eatt focomolive but he was Rigo the builder of the first pub= “Vic railway, in. ‘England—the Stockton, and Darlington raliw2y ising both steam and horses as tractive power. This rail thayewas a success and Stephenson was, asked te build Way allway, now steam-powered, between Liverpool end Manchester. = (7) It is difficult ialf of the 20th _centur BifTding of the early’ railroads. Y ‘as_possible to make locomotives siftable for sety Many, of Stliem were” afraid. of the railways, when. they Sfiect “appeared and did all in their power to stop railway firs aePon. Hlowever, in 1824 the steam-powered railways were already in wide use in England... See {8 In Russia, many people also hiéd doubts about the possibility of using steam engines. in. the “Russiat winter. Reiertfeless, the first railway using’ step traction pat into service atthe Nizhni Tagit.jnetalfurgiea! works. Ht ‘was. a__short distance line. overing only 854 metres. Uw eel vas\soon followed by. another one,constructed rai OWE was, a lb-mile public railway between St. Pe Yersburg® and Tsarskoye Selo. {ay the first steam. locomotive in Russia was built by the’ Cherepanovs, father and son,-who, were talented and "© skilled workmen of their time Thanks to the Cherepanoys Skil antry. may be placed among the countries which were the first to use steam as tractive, power. on (10) 'Since that time many chainges have taken place railways, Still greater changes will fake place in the future We chal run more powerful lozomotives, and. hays, inet We shaliple cars, Greater speeds will be..developed” by Set yrtand electric locomotives. Railways will soon be op- ° Tr the people living in the second to imagine the. opposition to the Most pedple did not believe ..,5 Uemeueto nyt yupobastes ERE vy fer of before will be introduced 77 Pe8, TPHMEWAHHS ard Trevithick ['1{fod "tzevs6ik] —Prsapa Tpenerme mph miles per hour {'mayle pa'rava]—-wiian a eae George Stephenson [és sthvnsn|—“ixopane Crefencow cos cox. om Locomotives St. Petersburg {ont pttazb3:g] — Canxr-Tlerep6ypr CAOBA JWI 3ANOMHHAHHA - rail {retl] nm pease; railway (ane2.) n xenesHas xopo- ra; syn. railroad (anep.) means [mi:nz] n cpexcr#0, crioco6; by means of nocpes- cTROM, © noMOUIDIO . travel ['treevl] nn noesaKa exats, nyTeuectsovar freight [fret] rpys(ss) important [im'po:tant] a saxkubsit, snasnrerbaeih play a part |‘plet a ‘pa:t] urpars poss develop [di'velap] v paspusats(en); paspaaruats, cox nanats; development [dr’velapmant] n paspitHe; xocrn- dkenite; paspa6orKa 8. depend (on, upon) [di’pend) v sapucers (ot) 9 fast [fo:st]"a cKopsil, Guicrpsiti; fast train cxopuit no- 32; ant, slow [slou] 10, safe [setf] a Gesonactssi, wanesxbtt 11! (the) very ['veri} a cawtiti 12. operate [oparett] v ynpanaaTs, npusoaHts B yeficraKe; pa6orars; put into operation saectu 8 neficrane (B 9Kc- nayarauto) 13, call [ko:l] v spate, HasbiaTs 14. success {sak’ses] nm yenex, yaaa; be a success mers yeitex, yaanarsen; successful a yenemmut, yaasneni 15, light lait) a zerkuh 16. construct [kon’strakt] 9 crpowre; Koxerpytponats 17. power |'paual n cia, Moulwocte, sueprist; 0 cHaGxaTe SHepraeli; powerful a nouustsit 18. tractive ‘power ['traektiv] n Tarosaa cia; traction (‘track Jon], a tara 19. difficult |‘drfikalt) a tpyanotit 20. (possible ‘pasibl] a Bosmoxrst 10 ey , aBIEKeHHe; v ABHraTBeH, raveller [‘trevala} n naccarkup rons Boneuregerde 9, means. of electronic. puters. fogal” number of other’ dedetoprsents which Were nt ada thought A ee ene, 21. suitable |'sju:tabl] a nosxoaamuit, roams; suit 9 nox- XoguTb, COOTBETCTBOBATE 22. service [’sa:vis] n sKcityaTantia; nepesosKN; O6cayaKH- anne; put into service ssecri 8 xeficrane (B 9KcHaya- aumio); serve [s9:v] 0 cayxntb, OGcay%iBaT 23. appear [o"pta] v noasasiTica 24. wide [ward] a umpoxnit 25. works [wa:ks} n 3aB02(bi) 96. follow |'foloul v crenoBat (3a) 27. thanks to ["@epkstu:] prep Gnaronapa 98) place [pleis}_m Meco, mectono.ioxenne; o noMetaTE, pasmeuiare; take place nponcxozuts, uMerb MecTo 29, change [tJemds} n 1anewenne, nepemena; v namenaTE(cA) 30. introduce [,intra’dju:s] v BHeapstb, BpoanTb; introduc~ tion [,intrafdakjn] m Bueapewme, Beeaeune Banosnurme dopxee necmandapmeux 22020208 was, were | been Gur, waxoguTacn have | had! had nner ¢o aid done Jena, puoansts think | thought’ | thought | aysars; noaarers hear heard heard) | cammate draw | drew drawn | tanyrs tun ran run Goxars, apurerscs; YapanaxTs brgak | broke broken | aomars, paspyware puld | built built erpaw po YNPA.KHEHHS 9. a) Mpoumume wacme I mexema w sakonuume mpedao- weenua, c6pae npasuarnrent dapuarin. 1. Railways are of great importance to a country because... a) they are very popular among travelling people © >) railways depend on the national economy of a country c) the development of a country depends on transporta- tion systems 2. People could catch Trevithick's locomotive because... a) they took great interest in that machine b) the rails on which it ran broke ¢) the locomotive was very slow 6) Hatidume 6 wacmu 1] mexcma assayst, nodmeepxdaro- due cacdyrouue edicKasoi6antus. 1. Many people in Russia thought that steam locomo- uwtives were not suitable for the Russian climate. 2. In the first hali of the 19th century not many people believed that steam locomotives were practical machines and many of them opposed railway building. 3. Our country was one of the first to introduce steam traction on railways. 4. In the future the railways will be greatly changed. 10. Onpedeaume sxavenua npoussodxvix aoe. difficulty, constructor, safety, safely, transporter, widely, demonstrator, demonstration, appearance, slowly, suitability, follower. 11. Hatdume ¢ mexcme npousaodnee caved c cycppurcasu, Paccuompennounu 6 ynparcnenuu 6, u nepescdume ux. 12. Mpocaywatime covemanua caos u nepeoedume ux. to depend on transport; by means of railroads; the safest means of travel; to run much faster than; to develop a speed; to develop a new method; many developments; to operate a factory; to operate well; to be a success; to be far slower and lighter; the fastest locomotive; much more comfortable than; not so important as; thanks fo the new developments; the most powerful modern locomotives; to introduce electri city as tractive power; the introduction of diesel traction; a locomotive suitable for service; to serve passengers; the passenger and ireight service; the possibilities of diesel traction; to run a locomotive; much more difficult than; to be as difficult as. 13. Mepesedume cowmanus caoe na anzauiicnuil son, Hepesositth rpysbt; cavoe BarkHoe cpemcTB coosueitts; sHaveHHe 2Ke:1eSHBIX TOPOT AAR SKOHOMHYeCKOTO. pasBiTiA erpanit; Urpath BAKKYIO pob; PaspadoraTe (costaTb) HORE AOKOMOTHD; TAHYT CocTaB; 3apiiceTs cr sKeMayaTallun rKe- JeSHBIX ZOpOr; yerteumHaa pa6oTa MaulMWKt; TAKOH 2e HateXk- wut, Kak; caMbte nepaite (pantie) xoctinKentm; ropaa.t0 Aue, eM; AyMaTH 0 GeZ0MlacHOCTH; NOCTPOHTb KOBE 3a- BOA; UMeTs Mecto (npolcXoT); TPYAnOcTH MPH MepeBosKe Tpy308; rob am paGorer (sKenayaTauHH); BBeCTH B welicT- Bie; Gaaroqapa MOULHOMy .toKOMOTHBy. TAToBaq cHlaa; na- ponos TpesiitiKa, naposos Yepenanosiix; caetonats 3a BBeACHHEM STeKTPOTATH; PaIMECTHT® (IKOMeCTHTS) Ha sJOKOMO- TuBe; ComTbUINe HaMeHeNHA; YNPABARTS c MOMOLILIO KoMITbIO- TepoB; YnpaBaaTe .oKoMoTitBOM. 2 14. Crascume, xakue us OaHHoix ckasyemox seaniomea AoHOLMU U noweny. 5 came, should come, ought to begin, began, spent, must spend, went, amplified, amplifies, amplify, heard, are being heard, placed, did, were dong will do,’ run, could run, might think, may ‘think, thought, mechanize, mechanized, mechanizes, built, would build, are building, can be, has broken, broke. 15. Bonuwume ckasyesole u noduepknume @ Hux cabIcAo- 01 eaazon. 1. “The Rocket” could draw a small train of loaded cars. 2. People do not know much about the first railways. 3. We shall operate more powerful locomotives and have more comfortable cars in the future. 4. You ought to know much more of the first railways. 5. At the very end of the 18th century a small locomotive to run on ordinary roads was made by one engineer in England. 6. Greater speeds of running will be achieved on railways. 16. Mepecedume npedaomenua nucesenno; datime neckoab- Ko eapuakmos nepedoda cmpadamessxoz0 satoea, ede smo eoau0xH0; o6pamume exunanue Ha swideeHHole npedaoew. a) 1. Railways are used as a means of freight and pas senger transportation. 2. Many developments were intro- duced on railways to make them an efficient means of com- munication. 3. In the future, the locomotives will be run by computers. 4. A speed of 160 koh {8\developed by mod- em locomotives. 5. They were told about the change in the time-table b) 6. The: introduction of electric traction on railways was spoken of at the end of the 19th century. 7. The first. steam trains were looked at with great interest. 8. These experimental data can be relied upon (noaaratb- ca ua), 9, The importance of railways for the economic development of a country is much written about. ©) 10, The invention of the steam engine was followed (caexopat» sa) by the development of steam ships and locomotives. 11. The economy of a country is influenced (samats na) by transport and communication. 12. The problem of transportation must be approached (noxxomitT x) from different aspects. 17. TpopaGomaiime § 4 epaumamurecrux noacnenud; Kail- ume e mexcme (uacms 1) u nepesedume npuaaeameasnuie 6 epasnumeavnoti u npeeocxodnoil cmenent, 1318. Mpocaywaiime sonpocsr « @aiime kpamxue omeems. coeaacno mescmy. 1, Are railways used to carry people? 2. Is the railway a ieans of freight transportation? 3. Do railways play an important part in the development of a country? 4. Does the development of a country depend on transport? 5. Have people faster means of communication than railways? 6. Were the very first railways built to carry people? 7. Did Trevithick’s locomotive break down? 8. Was Steph- enson's locomotive an experimental machine? 9. Did Steph- enson construct only the first steam locomotive? 10. Did the first steam railway appear in England in the 20th century? 11. Was the Cherepanovs’ invention of great im- portance to our country? 12. Shall we run more powerful locomotives in the future? 13. Will more comfortable cars be put into service? 14. Will electronic computer be widely introduced on the railways? 15. Is transportation of passengers or freight the most important function of railways? 16, Are railways or airplanes the safest means of travel? 17. Did the very first railways use horses or steam for drawing trains? 18. Did Trevithick or Stephenson construct a prac tical locomotive? 19. Could Stephenson's or Trevithick’s locomotive develop a higher speed? 20. Is Stephenson more famous as the builder of the first steam railways or as the inventor of the first steam locomotive? 21. Did Steph- enson’s railways use horses or steam as tractive power? 22, Were the first steam railways in Russia put into serv- ice for travelling or for transporting freight? 19. Hodeomoseme cooGwexua na caedyrouue ment, uce noabsya covemanua Caos, anne @ cKoOKax (Kamd0e nped- Aomenue Hauunatime ¢ nodaenatyeeo). 1. The importance of railways. : (to have functions, to carry people, to transport freight, to play a part, economic and political development, popu: lar means of transport, safe means of transportation) 2. The first steam locomotive. (io invent a successful steam locomotive, to be small and light, not so fast as, to draw trains, to develop a speed) 3. The future of railways. (great changes, to take piace, to run. powerful locomo- tives, comfortable cars, to develop specs, to be operated by electronic computers, to introduce developments) “4 Petree wh 20. Mpounume mexcm B Ges caoeapa (4 mun.) & saxon: ume npedaomenun, eubpas npacusoroit eapuanm. Onpede- aume shavenus abideacnnerx 6408 mo KoNMeKEMy. 1. The history of steam traction began a) in the early years of the 19th century. oF b) at the very end of the 18th century. * ‘The working model of the very first steam loco ap- peared a) in England. —_b) in the USA. 3. These early locomotives ran. a) on rails. —b) on ordinary roads. a TEXT B. RAILROADING BEGINS ‘eo -ndl).Jn the early years,of the 19th century the idea of “asing stegin engines to,dfaw’Treight and passenger trains Phterésted’ many inventors. But the history of steam traction began much éarlier when an English engineer, William Mur- dock, built a working model ofa steam locomotive in 1784. , It_was a baby locomotive bout a foot (30.5 cm) high. Ithad it Is (Koreco) and its boiler (Kote1) was heated by. a spirit lamp. gence (2), One“ day Murdock Wanted to test (entrar) his Hengine: He lighted the spirit lamp and Soon’ the water began “boiling. euenee Tan fas® along the street with Joud ,, aring (pep): : es ee m oe iataty, nothing Gime’ of Murdock’s iavéntion because his little locomotive was thought of as the creation (reopenue) of the Devil ea, sbusak (4)...And this is fiow the first steam Jocomotive appeared in the USA. One day in 1804 the people of Philadelphia saw a roaring and fire-breathing monster running along the street, followed by shouting boys. It was .really the first, steam locomotive in, America, although it did not run on rails. After its short” journey on land’ the locomotive. fell, down into the river and disappeared in the water. 21, Hpoumume mexcm C Ges caosapa (3 ut.) w omaememe no-pyccku a éonpoc, novesty KoHey noesOxW AoKosomuCa Kynepa 60a ne maxoit ydaureud, Kak ee navaro. TEXT ¢, THE TOM THUMB * (1) The early locomotives were small and slow and they were not powerful. Besides, the rails on which they ran broke very often. So many people did not take them seriously.(2) But in 1830, Peter Cooper, an American, constructed a steam loco which’ could develop a higher speed than the other engines. The locomotive was so small and light that his inventor called it the Tom Thumb. (3) The first run of the Tom Thumb wes quite successful The locomotive travelled a 15-mile distance in one hour and 12 minutes to the delight of its inventor and 36 passengers. But the end of the travel was not so happy as the beginning. (4) On the way back the inventor wanted to show that his loco could run much quicker than a carriage drawn by a horse. The Tom Thumb ran so fast that soon it was really ahead (anepean) of the carriage. Suddenly, something broke in the engine and the locomotive slowed down. The horse ran fast with the passengers looking triumphant and happy. TPEHHPOBOWHBIE. YNPAQKHEAHA 1. Hasoeume no-pyccru wacme pewi cozstcno ofosHauenuo, cmoauuesy cnpaea (§ 62.4) step (v), over (adv), suburban (a), works (n), sepa- rate (a), several (a), for (cj), means (n), service (v), beneath’ (prep), forward (adv), shorten (0), for (prep), since (cj), separate (2) 2. Pacnoaoaume caosa ¢ nopadke caedosanua ux 6 cio ape. 1. prospect, 2. quite, 3. handle, 4. operator, 5. regard I. thick, 2! empty, 3. supervise, 4. rely, 5. idle I. roof, '2. rouse, 3. route, 4. roofless, 5. round 3 Sanuuuine caosapryro popay cacdyroyux 6208 ($ 62.3): 1. cyuecmaumeavxorx miles, switches, horses, products, cities, locomotives, cargoes, doubts, metres, countries, successes,’ ties. 2. npusacamenonnx faster, later, hottest, safest, flatter, noisier, lightest, smaller, fastest, earlier, greater, easiest. 3. eaaeoa0e used, depends, playing, referred, demonstrated, justified, travelled, computerizes, embedded, died, loaded, applied. Gi ‘ ea cyluecmaumeavnole 60 mHoocecmBeHKOM WUcAE a) 1. cities, 2. city's, 3. cities’ 1. sun's, 2. suns’,’3, suns F y 1. women, 2. woman’s, 3. woman, 4. women’s © men—man, nucleus—nuclei, data—datum, work- man—workmen, phenomenon—phenomena, women—wom- an, railwaymen—railwayman. 5. Haidume npuaazameasunle 6 cpasnumeasioi cmenenu (§ 4). best —better, slower—slowest, worst—worse, lighter — lightest, more—most, least—less, wider—widest. 6. Hasosume neonpedesennve ropa necmandapmneix 240- 2008 drew, were, done, heard, has, am, thought, been, broke does, was, broken, built, are, did, ran, had, drawn, it Ypox 2 Fpanmarnxa: |, Hpitactue 11 (§ 32). 2. Yeumreanitit o6opor it is That =. (8) 3. Mecrommenne it (§-7). 4 Cneumazsnsait_ non] 47). 5. Cutnanse wenaioro cxesyenoro » Past Indefinite (§ BRORHMIE YNPAKHEHMA K TEKCTY A 1. Vraxeume, ¢ nosouoro Kaxux cuenaaos woreHo onpede- ume Henenue cKagyenvle 8 OanNOx mpedaonceHUnx. 1, The locomotive tested reached a top speed of 240 km per hour (kph). 2. The railway constructed by G. Stephenson connected Stockton and Darlington. 3. Many people believed that railways would not find any practical use. 4. A small four-wheeled electric locomotive which hauled a train with thirty passengers wes successfully demonstrated. 5. Every- body knows G. Stephenson who developed the practical steam locomotive in England. 2. Cpaaxume npedromenua c npusacmuen 11; yxaxcume, Kakue PopMaabHble NoKasameau nomozatom onpedeaums ipyHk= yuo npusacmus. Mepesedume cHavaaa npedaomenua ¢ pur dacmuen @ Pynkyuu onpedeacnus, games @ dynKyun oGcmon- meavcmsa. 1. The steam locomotive invented by G. Stephenson developed a low speed.— When invented, the steam loco- motive played an important part in transportation. 2. The first railways built used slow locomotives.— The railway, when built, will shorten the way between the two cities. 3. The rails heated (heat—xarpepars) by the sun become jonger.— Rails become longer when heated. 4. The trains 2-33 1”drawn by horses were short and light.—When drawn by electric locomotives, the trains may have more than 90 cars. 5, The radio used for the sorting of trains makes the work of railway men much easier.— If used, the electronic comput- ers will make the sorting of trains far more efficient _ 3. Onupasce xa dhopmaasine noxasament yeuaumessioz0 oGopoma, ykarcume, Ha Kakue cloéa u ctosocovemanua O6pa- WeHo dcoS0e exusanue 6 dannuix npedromenuax; nepesedume npedaocicen ua. O6pasey: It is under the Soviet power that the reconstruc- tion of the Trans-Siberian Ra:lway began. Toapko (anutp, wmentio) pit Cosetexo# Bact Havanace . PeKOHCTPYKUNA TpaHceHOUpeKoH xeAtesTI0; 20- pori 1, It was in 1891 that the building of the world’s longest Trans-Siberian Railway began. 2. It was the railway which became the shortest way from Europe to Asia. 3. It was the Russian inventor Polzunov who built the first stationary steam engine, 4. It is the railways that are one of the most popular means of transport. 5. If is the electronic comput- ers which will make our travel in high speed trains safer. 4. Tlepecedume covemanua caos Ges caoeaps. the tsarist regime; regular service; to organize a demon- stration; to carry 50 per cent of passengers; on the initiative of the Soviet state; a technical revolution; to introduce automation; the international situation; to transport freight in special containers; a gigantic project; mineral resources; a cold climate; the Siberian taiga. CIOBOOBPASOBAHHE Cydspuxcer mpraararensmax: ~ie, -al, -ful, -ous, -ive Cygipunent raaronon: mate, -Ize) ly, sen 5. ITepecedume epynnet c10e, oBpauyas enunanue na cyb- Gurce npuaazamessHerx u 2aaeoa0e, dannwe @ odpasyax. 06 pasey: active axtupiiait truthful npasannsit obvious omesizetsit system—systematic, peace—peaceful, experiment—exper- imental, effect—effective, nerve—nervous, magnet—mag- 18 economic skoHomHueckHit professional npobeccio- Hadi netic, harm (spea)—harmful, electron—electronic, attract (apussexars)—attractive, practice—practical, mountain — mountainous, OSpasey: celebrate mpasauoBate amplify yenmaare iechanical—mechanize, less—lessen, simple—simplity, automatic—automate, regulator—regulate, wide—widen, strength (eviaa)—strengthen, electric—electrify, central — centralize, cheap (xewessifi)—cheapen, communication — communicate; economy —economize. realize peaansosat soften emarsatt, 6. Mpounume npedaomenua onpedeaume snauenun ande- AeHHULX CoB tL CAOgOCONLMAKUT, He NOASIYACL cAcsapen. 1. The railway has a length of 50 km. 2. If many trains run on a railway, we say that the traffic on this line is very large. 3. The highest speeds reached by modern high-speed trains is now more than 200 kph. 4. The Lugansk locomo- tive building works produces powerful diesel locomotives. 5. The new railway will connect big industrial centres. 6. The GOELRO Plan was worked out in 1920. 7. The Dneproges hydro-electric power plant was built in_ the 1930's, 8. The raflway lines around big cities are called suburban railways. 9. The engineers carry out the experi- ments with new building materials. 10. All modern labora- tories are equipped with electronic computers. 11. Rivers and mountains, cold winters end hot summers made the building of the BAM Railway a very hard job. 12, The students of the Moscow Railway Transport Institute took an active part in the construction of the BAM Railway. 7. HMpounume mexcm (3 aun. na nasedyio uacmo) u ysa- neume, ¢ Kakux abgayax eoeopumea: (a) 0 cosemckux Wene3- etx dopoeax; (6) 0 pycerux aeeaesnelx dopoeax do Okmabpo- cKoil pesoawyuu; (4) 0 daxmopax, eaaouux cosemckue aeeacanole Gopoet easenein Cpedcmaom cooswenua; (2) 0 cmpo- umeavcmee u skonosuveckon anavenun BAMA. TEXT A, SOVIET RAILWAYS , spriiad = 1 ple reat rail ie wor! ‘y,(1), The Soviet-Union is diten spoken of as power because 7t has the largest railway system e wore? ‘The total Tength of Soviet railways 1507 Seriet Railways (SZD) carries * an endiniéls volume of home Ri, fs 19 we Mens ©’ feat he traffic—nearly 66 per cent of freight and 37 per cent of passengers. (2) The Soviet state got from the tsarist regime a poorly- organiéed and poorly-developed railway network greatly Wadamaged in the First World War.) By 1917 the railway jetwork was 70,000 km long and most of it (85 was in the European part of the country. ran_at a speed of 30 kph and the pass 45-50 kph. (8) However, old Russia could be proud of its railway ‘ntists and engineers who constructed good steam locomo- tives and the passenger cars produced in Russia were the-best in Europe. The Trans-Siberian Railway was thought of as a very important means of communication between Europe and Asiat The trains built for regular service on that line were made up of richly-decorated sleeping cars which provided many comforts for passengers. (4) After the Great October Socialist Revolution the Com- munist Party and the Soviet Government took steps to reconstruct the railways of the country, The development ‘of railway transport was closely connected with the GOELRO lan. Initiated by VI. Lenin, the GOELRO Plan was worked out in 1920. 4t provided for the construction of yhumerous power plants and a whole network of electrified railways.jln 1926, an electric train started its first run on ‘the subiirban line’ between Baku and Sabunchi. (5) Another very important step was the development of Cthe diesel locomotive. It was in the Scviet Union that the ‘world’s first main-line diesel locomotive was built and put into service on November 6, 1924, When reconstructed, SZD became a highly-developed and a safe means of trans: port in the country. ad - iger trains reached I Pe enema w. (0) Nowadays, Soviet, Railways carrigs about, 50 per cont. jot the world’s rai traftic. Most traffic. is casried by powerful” ¢diesel and electric. Jocomot yes, atom ation and computers are introdiced into many. branghés of railway engineering. Particular attention is paid’ to*high-speed running. ‘Speeds of 120—150 kph are practical for the express trains. In the near future Soviet trains will run at 200 kph, The first high-speed train in the USSR ,has been developed in Riga. It is this train that is désighed to run the high-speed service i: ‘Moscow and Leningrad. 2 CODKPN FARCE EE JR Agere (1) The intesnational, railway, exhibitions held in the Soviet Union usually attract’ the attention of railway spe-z, 2g 2 Gialists and, businessmen from’ aBi®ad. The Soviet equipments’ vy Sexhibited ificlide® modern locomotives and cars, eflicient track-laying machines, automatic telecommunication sys- tems, powerful cranes and other railway equipment. SH (g)The construction of the Baikal-Amur Railway (BAM) is of great importance for the economic development of the USSR. The building of this line was. necessary to open up new dieas in Siberia for the exploitation. of coal, bre, oil ‘and other mineral resources and shorten the way to the Pacific Ocean by hundreds of kilometers. (9) The building of the BAM Railway was carried out,,.os in very hard topographical and geological, conditions. Per- mafrost and severe climate made the work of, the railways scene: men extremely difficult, Besides, the, line was Taid through a totally impassable taiga and crossed a great number of large and small rivers. It was written about as “the project £9. of the century”. Thousands of young people eagerly Fespond-siey ed to the Communist Party’s call and took, an, active park in the gigantic project of the country. It is thariks to they “joint efforts made by all Soviet people that the realization ««€ ‘i the project has become possible. TIPHMEWAHHS! CAOBA AVIA SATIOMHHAHHS 1. total [‘toutl] @ secs, moan, oui 2. length [lep)} nama, npotsaxentocts; long lon) « jamiti; ant. short {J9:t) 3. over [‘ouva] adv cnepx, Goatee; prep Han 4. traffic [‘treeftk| m apmxeiie, Hlepesosku: carry the traf fie ocyulecraaats nepesoskn; volume of traffic ['valjum} oGpem nepenos0K 5, network |'netwa:k] n cers 6. reach [ri:tf] v aocturars 7. however [hau’eva] cj o2tfaKo, Tem He MeHee 8. produce [pra’dju:s] v nponspoquTb; production {pra TaskJan] nm mpoxssoacrBo a.9, provide [pro’vaid] v oGecnewnpare; provide for v npe- ayewanpusare 10. step [step] n war; take steps npeanpniuman ularn, Mepsr 11. connect {ko'nekt] ¢ coeanusts, cansuBats 12) work out [‘wa:k ‘aut} v paspaareinate 13. plant [plant] n sanoa; power plant srexrpocranuns 14, suburban [sa’ba:ban] @_npzropoansiit 15. main [mem] @ rabies; main line sarnerpansnas au uns, MarneTpaae 16. branch [brant] n sere; orpaca; branch line :xene3ti0- Roporknas Berka 17. railway engineering |,endst'niorip) TeXHItKa woTaB 18, attention [o’tenJon] nm prstanne; pay attention (to) oGpamaT BanMaine (xa); attract attention (to) npupste- Katb HUMaHie (x) 19. run the service ocymectsants mepesoskit 20. equip [y'kwip] v oGopyzonars, ocHamar; equipment {’kwipmanth n oGopyzopaune, ocHamenite 21. include {in’klu:d] v BK.oyatL (B ce6n) 92. car [ke] m parow i 23. efficient [r'isfont] a sfrpextupansit \ 24. necessary [‘nesisort] a neo6xonumnsit " 25. carry a U'keert ‘eut] v ocyimectsastb, mposonwre (ommt HT 4 26. hard [had] a rpyaneii, txennili; Teepawit 27. condition [kan’difan] 1 yeztosHe;'coctosume 28, besides [br’saidz] adv Kpone toro; prep Kpowe 29. take part {pat} npnumats yaacrne 30. effort |'efat] m yevime; make efforts npiaarars yennma i 2keslesHOROPORHAA engine [endgin] n mamta, apuratetb; 10Ko- Sanoxnume gopser Hecmaxdapmrvix 2aac0208: speak | spoke} spoken | rosopure begin | began | begun a get ot got YATE; CTOHOBHTECA; AOGHPATECR (30) fake | took | taken Jopare become | became | become |ctaiomrsem . + put pat | put |xasers ; pay | paid | paid naar write | wrote | written [nueare held | held | xepmare; nposonurs (coGpanne mt. 2.) YMPAKHEHHA 8. Yaarcume, waxue us caedyiouux ymacpacdenutt codep- acamen @ mekeme. 1. The Soviet Union is a great rail power because it has a large network of electrified railways. 2. Now the Trans- Siberian Railway is one of the most modern and efficient systems in the world. 3. The Russian engineers contributed to the development of railway transport. 4. The Trans-Sibe- rian Railway’ was put_into service long before the October Socialist Revolution. 5, The introduction of diesel traction became practically possible after 1924. 6. The Soviet rail- joy ways carry freight and passengers with great safety. 7, Auto- 4 mation and computing machines will stimulate the progress adit of Soviet railways, 8.’ The engineers in different countries“ye show much interest in the international railway exhibitions. held in the Soviet Union. 9. The BAM Railway is important, 4 e48 because it carries a large volume of mineral traffic in Siberia.” 8. Onpedeaume, Kako unemoio peut seasiomca Baxnwe eaoat. s careful, facilitate, conventional, stabilize, realistic, jus- tify, accuthulate, advantageous, fipally, distint, corrdsion, lengthen, competitive, Sexble, penly, Togetul, gogputer: ize, permission, remarkable, various, generate, sigtity. 10. Haiidume 6 mexcme npoussodnse caoaa c cydrpuccas, paccuompennoinu @ ynp. 5, w nepesedume ux. 11. Mpocaywatime covemanua cros u nepesedume ux. the total length of the railway; the traffic carried by a railway; to caity a small volume of traffic; to provide passengers with many comforts; to provide for the con- struction of power plants; the suburban service; to take steps to full automation; to ‘build a large railway network; to work out a project; industrial centres connected by a railway; a main-line track; to run the service on branch lines; an efficient engine; the construction work carried out in hard conditions; to get all the necessary equipment; an important branch of industry; to take part in the realization of the project; to pay great attention to railway engineering: to attract attention to electric locomotive construction. 12. Mepesedume covemanua c1oe Ha axeaulicxut ade, cBuiuie 3 KM; MporaBoICTBO CoBpeMeHHBIX OKOMOTHBOBS paspaGorar mat; Gosbulolk oGvem mepeBosoK; nocTHraTs 23