URBAN HEAT MITIGATION USING VARIOUS ROOF PITCH ANGLES BASED IN
CARMONA, CAVITE
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
According to Wang & Shen (2012), almost all residential buildings have roofs
with a pitch. In general, houses in places that get more rain have roofs that are steeper.
Roof pitch is a number that tells how steep a roof is. It is usually written as a fraction of
the distance between the roof's vertical rise and its horizontal run. For the same size of
roof, a steeper roof needs more roof material and makes an attic space that is bigger
and higher. Wang & Shen (2012) added that it makes sense to think that the roof pitch
and how air moves in the attic will affect how well a building uses energy.
Lee et al. (2015) stated that as the size and number of cities continue to grow,
the urban heat island effect will get worse, and more people will want roofs that can cool
the air. Even though about 20% of the world's people live in East Asia, there haven't
been many studies on roof types that keep cities from getting too hot in monsoon
climates. In order to figure out how well roof surface materials keep heat out, it is
significant to have to look at both the surface and under-roof temperatures. According to
Virk et al. (2014), the surface temperature affects the air temperature and urban
microclimate, while the under-roof temperature affects the temperature inside the
building.
According to Tang et al. (2020), the roof pitch could also affect how much energy
a building uses, since the amount of sunlight that hits the roof surface depends on the
roof pitch. For a building with one slope that faces south, 11% of the heating energy is
saved when the roof has the best slope angle. For a building with two slopes, however,
the slope angle has no effect on how much energy is used in the winter. This new
program can help building designers figure out the best angle for the roof slope to use
the least amount of energy for cooling and heating.
In a study by Zhao et al. (2015) in using a high resolution airborne LIDAR and
Quickbird satellite data (2.4-m resolution) and MODIS/ASTER simulated airborne 7-m
resolution surface temperature data to look at the effects of roof footprints and
configurations during the day and night, it was found that the temperature of a roof's
surface was affected by its slope, direction, and the trees around it. Even though it
correctly described the shapes of the roofs, they did not divide the roofs by color. Also,
sensors on drones and airplanes can collect data that can be used to study the effects
of roofs on thermal characteristics in detail. Still, such work is needed to figure out what
kind of roof and color could be used in order to reduce heat.
REFERENCES
Lee, S., Ryu, Y., Jiang, C. (2015, December 10). Urban heat mitigation by roof surface
materials during the East Asian summer monsoon. Environmental Research
Letters, Volume 10, Number 12. Accessed from https://doi.org.10.1088/1748-
9326/10/12/124012
Tang, S., Akkurt, N., Zhang, K., Chen, L., Ma, M. (2020, October 25). Effect of roof and
ceiling configuration on energy performance of a metamaterial-based cool roof
for low-rise building in China. Indoor and Built Environment, Volume 30, Issue 10.
Accessed from https://doi.org/10.1177/1420326X20961556
Virk, G., Jansz, A., Mavrogianni, A., Mylona A, Stocker, J., Davies, M. (2014, November
21). Microclimatic effects of green and cool roofs in London and their impacts on
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Accessed from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2014.11.039
Wang, S., Shen, Z. (2012, August 30). Effects of Roof Pitch on Air Flow and Heating
Load of Sealed and Vented Attics for Gable-Roof Residential Buildings.
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https://doi.org/10.3390/su4091999
Zhao, Q., Myint, S.W., Wentz, E.A., Fan, C. (2015, September 18). Rooftop surface
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