L/O/G/O

Drive Test_2G &3G

mohhassanelrayah@gmail.com
TEMS INVESTIGATION - DRIVE TEST TOOL

1. Fundamentals of TEMS Investigation

2. Main Uses of TEMS

3. What to See? What to Measure?

4. Drive Test Cases

5. Drive Test Guidelines

Fundamentals of TEMS Investigation

TEMS = Test Mobile System

Product of

Solution Tools for Wireless Software

Network to Plan, optimize, and

expand the systems.
Handset
A test tool use to read and
control information sent over
the air Interface between the
base station and the mobile
station in GSM/cellular system.
Fundamentals of TEMS Investigation
Drive Test Equipment's:
 Power supply needed, usually using inverter in the car from laptop, GPS and
MS
 GPS should use external antenna
 MS can use external antenna or not use external antenna.
 Use external antenna means measure RxLevel “Pedestrian / Street Level”.
 No external antenna means measure RxLevel “ In car level) -> more realistic
result.
 If using scenario not external antenna, MS position should be carefully chosen
and stable during drive test.

TEMS
Handset

Laptop
TEMS INVEESTIGATION

TEMS Investigation is an air

interface test tool for cellular
networks,
supporting all of the following
technologies…..
• GSM/GPRS/EGPRS
• WCDMA/HSDPA/HSUPA/HSP
A+
• LTE and WiMAX ….
Basics of TEMS Investigation Data Collection

 Installing TEMS Investigation …. Choose Start →

Programs → Ascom → TEMS Products → TEMS
Investigation Data Collection.
 Quick Guide to the User Interface …
TEMS INVESTIGATION - DRIVE TEST TOOL

1. Fundamentals of TEMS Investigation

2. Main Uses of TEMS

3. What to See? What to Measure?

4. Drive Test Cases

5. Drive Test Guidelines

 Main Uses of TEMS

Drive Test:

Testing the network in particular area to give the real

picture of the network’s performance on the field, with a
certain tools.

Drive Test
Main Uses of TEMS

In PLANNING Phase:

 Drive Test Before Installation

Perform drive test before the network is
implemented. This data later will be compared with
drive test after implementation.

 Drive Test Before SWAP

Before swap (change operator equipment), drive
testing needed to compare the current network with
the network after swap. To make sure the new
network is better than before.

 Drive Test Benchmarking

Drive test the whole area for the whole active
networks, before the new network is implemented.
To get ideas and information about the competitors
networks.
Main Uses of TEMS
In IMPLEMENTATION Phase:

 Drive Test New Site/ Initial Drive Test

Initiate the drive test after a site on-air. Make sure that
site perform well after on-air.
 Test Call New Site
Conducting tests call at a new “On-Air” site, to test the
performance of a site just after “On-Air”.
 Drive Test after Upgrade/Expand TRX
After implement new TRX or expand TRX, a drive test
performed to justify that site working well with the new
TRX.
 Drive Test SFH/Hopping implementation
After implementing SFH/hopping or any other new
feature in the network, a drive test is performed to justify
that this solution is working well.
Main Uses of TEMS
In OPTIMIZATION Phase:

 Drive Test Handover/ Add & Delete neighbors

Drive test conducted after changing neighbors database. To
make sure that “add” really added and the “delete” really
deleted.
 Drive Test before & after Down/Up tilt
Drive test performed to verify the situation after the antenna
tilting action.
 Drive Test Network Audit
Performing drive test activity to test the whole network.
Could be an Monthly, quarterly or annual work.
 Drive Test Benchmark
performing drive test to compare operator network against
the competitors.
 Drive Test troubleshooting
Drive test for special troubleshooting case. Such as, a site
that cannot handover to surrounding sites, a site with
abnormal bad coverage.
TEMS INVESTIGATION - DRIVE TEST TOOL

1. Fundamentals of TEMS Investigation

2. Main Uses of TEMS

3. What to See? What to Measure?

4. Drive Test Cases

5. Drive Test Guidelines

 What to See? What to Measure?

2. RxQual

Received signal quality level, measured base on BER (bit error rate).
The value is between 0-7, the lower the better.

Better
What to See? What to Measure?

3. SQI
The parameter used by TEMS to measure Speech Quality.
SQI has been designed to cover all factors that RxQual lack to measure.
SQI computation considers the factors:

•the bit error rate (BER)

•the frame erasure rate (FER)
•data on handover events
•statistics on the distribution of these parameters

Better
 What to See? What to Measure?

Signal Strength and Quality Indicator

RXQUAL RXLEVEL

-30 dBm
0
-40 dBm
1

-90 dBm
5
-100 dBm
6
-120 dBm
7

 Raquel--This is an integer the value of which can be between 0 and 7 and

reflects the quality of voice. 0 is the best quality, 7 is the worst.

 Rxlev---This is the received signal level, and is usually measured in dBm units.
TEMS INVESTIGATION - DRIVE TEST TOOL

1. Fundamentals of TEMS Investigation

2. Main Uses of TEMS

3. What to See? What to Measure?

4. Drive Test Cases

5. Drive Test Guidelines

2G ( Current Channel )……
2G ( Radio Parameters )……
2G (Serving+Neighbors)……

Serving cell

Neighbor cells
2G ( Hopping channels)……
Method Of FREQUENCY HOPPING
FFH - Fast Frequency Hopping
SFH - Slow Frequency Hopping
o BBH - Base Band Hopping
o RFH - Radio Frequency Hopping (Synthesized
Hopping)
What to See? What to Measure?
6. Scanning Function in TEMS
(1/2) BCCH BSIC Average Rx Level
(dBm)
TEMS Investigation supports scanning of radio
51 35 -104
frequency carriers (channels),
52 - -115
using either a ordinary TEMS mobile station or a 53 26 -110
dedicated frequency scanner mobile, the TEMS 54 - -114
Scanner. 55 - -105
56 - -115
57 26 -111
58 - -114
59 - -115
60 - -115
61 - -111
62 - -113
63 - -115
64 - -115
65 - -115
66 15 -110
67 - -114
68 - -114
69 - -114
70 - -114
Drive Test Cases
Drive Test

WCDM
mohhammedhassan@gmail.com

L/O/G/O
Contents

1 3G Network Architecture

2 Different between 2G & 3G

3 WCDMA Handover Principle

www.themegallery.com
Network Architecture
• UE: User Equipment
• NodeB: RBS

www.themegallery.com
Network Architecture

www.themegallery.com
NetworkArchitecture
Core Network

Iu Iu

RNS RNS
Iur
RNC RNC

Iub Iub Iub Iub

NodeB NodeB NodeB NodeB

www.themegallery.com
Contents

1 3G Network Architecture

2 Different between 2G & 3G

3 WCDMA Handover Principle

www.themegallery.com
UMTS WCDMA
------

• UMTS: Universal Mobile Telecommunication

System
• WCDMA: Wideband Code Division Multiple
Access
• 3.5 G
• HSPA: High Speed Packet Access
• HSDPA-HSUPA: Downlink-Uplink

www.themegallery.com
3G Services

• Voice \CS 12.2 Kbps

• Video \CS 64 Kbps
• PS R99 (interactive, streaming)\ various
combinations 64,128,384 Kbps
• HSDPA\ HSUPA (EUL)

www.themegallery.com
 3G Frequency Ranges

• 1920 – 1980 MHz Uplink.

• 2110 – 2170 MHz Downlink

• Frequency band for 3G system is 5 MHz

• With 5 MHz we’ll have 12 bands, one operator may have
more than one band for more capacity.
• All the users will use the same 5 MHz band.

www.themegallery.com
3G ARFCN (Channel Number)

• There is only one ARFCN, calculated as follows:

• For the first band as example, which is
1920-1925 for UL
2110-2115 for DL

• UL ARFCN: (1920+1925)/2=1922.5
1922.4*5=9612 OR 1922.6*5=9613
• DL ARFCN: (2110+2115)/2=2112.5
• 2112.4*5=10562 OR 2112.6*5=10563

www.themegallery.com
Multiple Access Technology - Distinguish Different Users

CDMA
Traffic channels: different
users are assigned unique
code and transmitted over
Power
the same frequency band,
for example, WCDMA and
CDMA2000
TDMA

Power
Traffic channels: different time slots
are allocated to different users, for
example, DAMPS and GSM
FDMA

Power
Traffic channels: different frequency bands
are allocated to different users,for example,
AMPS and TACS

www.themegallery.com
Differences Between the 3G and 2G
On the Air Interface
WCDMA
Carrier spacing 5 MHz
Frequency reuse coefficient 1 1-18
Power control frequency 1500 Hz
QoS control Through the RRM algorithm
Frequency diversity The 3.84 MHz bandwidth enables
the air interface to use the rake
receiver for multipath diversity.
Packet data Load-based packet scheduling
Downlink transmit diversity Supported by the protocol to
improve downlink capacity
GSM
200 KHz
2 Hz or lower
Through network planning
(frequency planning)
Frequency hopping
Timeslot-based scheduling
in GPRS
Not supported by the
standard but can be applied.
www.themegallery.com
Contents

1 3G Network Architecture

2 Different between 2G & 3G

3 WCDMA Handover Principle

www.themegallery.com
WCDMA Handover Principle

• Why mobile systems need handover?

– Mobile systems are
composed by cells
which the coverage is
limited.
– The mobility of the UE.
– Providing the
continuous service - the
basic element in QoS.
www.themegallery.com
WCDMA Handover Principle

• TS25.331 Flow of Handover and

Related Parameters
• TS25.133 Measurement Process
• TS25.215 Definitions of Measurement
Indexes

www.themegallery.com
Soft Handover – (Connection before Disconnection)

NodeB1 NodeB2
RNC

www.themegallery.com
 WCDMA Handover Principle

Soft handover refers to the process of transferring

the radio link and radio link diversity when the UE crosses
the handover area.
In the handover area, the UE keeps connection with two
cells that belong to different NodeBs.
Question: If these two NodeBs belong to different RNCs,
does soft handover occur?
The existence of the lur interface determines whether soft
handover occurs between cells that belong to different RNCs.
Note: When connecting to the cell of NodeB2, the system
first establishes the link between the RNC and NodeB2 and
then the link between the cell of NodeB2 and the UE.
www.themegallery.com
Softer Handover – (A Special Case of Soft Handover)

Node B RNC

Cell A Cell B

www.themegallery.com
Hard Handover- (Disconnection before Connection)

NodeB1 RNC NodeB2

www.themegallery.com
 Spreading Technology of UMTS
Channelization Code
 OVSF Code (Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor)
 SF = chip rate / symbol rate
low SF code → High data rates
high SF code→ Low data rates

www.themegallery.com
WCDMA Scrambling Code – Gold Sequence

www.themegallery.com
 2G Coverage – Rx Level

11/04/2020 Zain Limited 53

 2G Coverage – Rx Quality

11/04/2020 Zain Limited 54

 2G Coverage – Cell ID

11/04/2020 Zain Limited 55

3G Coverage - RSCP

11/04/2020 Zain Limited 56

3G Coverage - EcNo

Zain Limited 57
Date 06Oct2013
 3G coverage - PSC

11/04/2020 Zain Limited 58

 Dual Mode

11/04/2020 Zain Limited 59

Thank you
R3 Quality Team
Drive Test Cases
LTE Scanning Benchmark
Al Madinah –Detailed Drive
22-10-2013
 Introduction

Detailed benchmark scanning was conducted in Al Madinah city for LTE

operators that use FDD 1800 MHz (Band 3)

Benchmark : October 2013

Below the EARFCN that was scanned during benchmark:

• ZAIN : 1650
• Mobily : 1924
• STC : 1752
LTE serving RSSI / EARFCN ( February 2013 )
LTE serving RSSI / EARFCN ( October 2013 )
 LTE Coverage Ranking

City 1 2 3
Al Madinah (Feb)

Al Madinah (Oct)
 Thank you

Network Engineering Department

L/O/G/O

Thank You!
Add Your Company Slogan