Jakarta, 16 Desember 2006

 INTRODUCTION
 INTRODUCTION
what’s TEMS
what’s TEMS
 TEMS as DRIVE TEST TOOLS
 TEMS as DRIVE TEST TOOLS
drive testing highlight
drive testing highlight
mode of drive test
mode of drive test
scan
scan
 TEMS to see how the network runs
 TEMS to see how the network runs
the use
the use
what to see what to measure
what to see what to measure
cases
cases
guidelines
guidelines
Introduction
WHAT’S TEMS

TEMS = Test Mobile System

Product by ERICSSON

Solution Tools for Wireless Network to Plan, optimized,

and expand their systems.

A Test tool use to read and control information sent over the air
Interface between the base station and the mobile station in GSM
/cellular system. It can also used for radio coverage measurement
Introduction
WHAT’S TEMS

Product of TEMS
• TEMS Transmitter • TEMS Automatic • TEMS CellPlanner
• TEMS Light • TEMS LinkPlanner
• TEMS Indoor
• TEMS Investigation
• TEMS Deskcat
• TEMS Drive Tester • TEMS Automatic
• TEMS Pocket • TEMS CellSight
• TEMS Visualization
Introduction
WHAT’S TEMS
Introduction
WHAT’S TEMS

TEMS TEMS INVESTIGATION

Software

Handset
Introduction
WHAT’S TEMS

TEMS Investigation version:

• TEMS Classic/98 : SH888; post process with 3rd-party-s/w

• TEMS 2 : R230; post process with 3rd-party-s/w
• TEMS 3 : R520; post process with 3rd-party-s/w
• TEMS 4 : T68; export from TEMS
• TEMS 5 : T610; export from TEMS
• TEMS 6 : various handset; data collection & route analysis
• TEMS 7 : various handset; data collection & route analysis
As Drive Test Tools
DRIVE TESTING HIGHLIGHTS

Drive Test = Testing the network in particular area

to give the real picture of the network’s
performance on the field, with a certain tools.

Drive Test Planning Michael pipikakis

Evaluating and Improving
The Quality of Service of
Second Generation Cellular
System
Implementation September,2004

Optimization
As Drive Test Tools
DRIVE TESTING HIGHLIGHTS

Drive test TEMS

As Drive Test Tools TEMS
DRIVE TESTING HIGHLIGHTS Handset

Drive Test Equipments

Laptop

Notes :
-power supply needed, usually using inverter in the car from laptop, GPS and MS
-GPS should use external antenna
-MS can use external antenna or not use external antenna.
(Use external antenna means measure RxLevel “Pedestrian / Street Level”)
(Not use external antenna means measure RxLevel “ In car level) -> more realistic result
If using scenario not external antenna, MS position should be carefully chosen and
stable during drive test
As Drive Test Tools
MODE OF DRIVE TEST

1. Dedicated / Continuous / Long Call Mode

Making continuous call along drive test
activity.
Before starting the route, call the drive test number, ex. 199 for Telkomsel,
And only stop the call when the route (drive test) finish.
To see the quality and coverage of the network
As Drive Test Tools
MODE OF DRIVE TEST
2. Idle Mode

Along the drive test activity, the MS is “ON” but no call occur

To see the coverage of the network

As Drive Test Tools
MODE OF DRIVE TEST

3. Sequential / Qos / Short Call Mode

Creating the sequence of call along the drive test activity
Before starting the route create call sequence, for example:
Create call for 70 s and idle for 10 s.
Along the drive test, play this sequence until the route is finished

To see the real network performance run, when people call

As Drive Test Tools
SCAN
• one of TEMS feature
• scan all or selected frequencies on the selected spot or route
• to find the clearest frequency

Application of frequency plan

• to find the best frequency to be use in the site
•to identify interference adjacent channel and co channel
Clean
Frequency
To See How the Network Runs

THE USE

In PLANNING works:

• Drive Test Before Installation

Perform drive test before “our” network implemented.
This data later will be compared with drive test after
implementation, to justify.

• Drive Test Before SWAP

Before swap (change operator network), drive testing
needed to compare the current network with the network after
swap. To justify the new network is better than before.

• Drive Test Benchmarking

Drive test the whole area for the whole active networks,
before ‘our’ network implemented. So when ‘our’ network
implemented, can be competed well.

• etc
To See How the Network Runs

THE USE
In Implementation Works:

• Drive Test New Site/ Initial Drive Test

Initiate the drive test after a site on-air. Make sure that site
perform well after on-air.

• Test Call New Site

Conducting tests call at a new “On-Air” site, to justify the
performance of a site just after “On-Air”.

• Drive Test Upgrade/Expand TRX

After implement new TRX or expand TRX, a drive test
performed to justify that site working well with the new TRX.

• Drive Test SFH/Hopping implementation

After implement SFH/hopping in the network, a drive test
performed to justify that this hopping solution working well with the whole
network.

• etc
To See How the Network Runs
THE USE
In Optimization works:

• Drive Test Handover/ Add & Delete neighbors

Drive test conducted after there’s changing in neighbours
database. Make sure the “add” really added and the “delete” really deleted.

• Drive Test before & after Downtilt

Downtilt conducting, to get better coverage from each antenna.
Drive test performed to make sure the better coverage from each angle
changed.

• Drive Test Network Audit

Performing drive test activity to maintain the whole network.
Could be an annual work.

• Drive Test Benchmark

performing drive test to get justification about ‘our’ network. Can compete or
not. With comparing the whole network including 'us’ in drive test.

• Drive Test troubleshooting

Drive test for special troubleshooting case. Such as, a site that
cannot handover from sites surround it, a site that cannot transmit good
signal and cannot achieve its coverage.
• etc,
 How TEMS works?

Several measurement is only available and recorded in idle mode (C1,C2 etc)
Several measurement is only available and recorded in dedicated mode (RxQual, SQI, FER etc)
This is happen because of GSM system network works, not because setting in TEMS

There are several option/feature can be activated by user (force handover, lock handover etc) which
change TEMS measurement behavior

IMPORTANT NOTICE :
In GSM network there are a lot of parameters which change the network behavior, it is make the
network very flexible.
Due to this reason, TEMS has ability to monitor network with parameters on (FULL mode) and
with parameters off (SUB mode) for such as RxLev and RxQual.
 When using FULL measurement result?
Whenever we want to see BTS parameters settings works at live network
DTX off

 When using SUB measurement result ?

Whenever we want to see BTS works without parameters
DTX on

 How TEMS measure FULL or SUB measurement?

TEMS record both SUB and FULL measurement at the same time and at the same log files, it is
just need to set what we wan to see in replay mode.

FULL

SUB

LOG FILE
To See How the Network Runs
WHAT TO SEE WHAT TO MEASURE

Parameters to See

1. RxLevel
Level of Received signal strength. In dBm or Steps. If the value in form of step substract 110
to the value to get dBm value.
RxLevel is received power level at MS (maximum RxLevel measured by MS is (±)– 40 dBm
2. RxQual
Received signal quality level, measured base on BER (bit error rate).
The value is between 0-7, the lower the better.

Better
3. SQI
The parameter used by TEMS to measure Speech Quality.
SQI has been designed to cover all factors that RxQual lack to measure.
SQI computation considers the factors:

•the bit error rate (BER)

•the frame erasure rate (FER)
•data on handover events
•statistics on the distribution of these parameters

Better
To See How the Network Runs
WHAT TO SEE WHAT TO MEASURE

4. Others

• FER
Frame erasure rate

• BCCH-BSIC

• Hopping
SFH

• C/I
Interference

• TA
Time Advance

• C1
Path loss criterion parameter
• C2
Cell reselection criterion parameter in hierarchical cell structure
4. Others

• FER  Frame erasure rate; See on “Radio Parameter” windows

• ARFCN BCCH-BSIC  Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number of Broadcast Control Channel.
 Base Station Identity Code
 Important data of a site

• Hopping  Indicating if SFH implemented. See on “Current Channel” windows, on ‘hopping

channel, hopping frequencies, MAIO, HSN’

• C/I
 The carrier-over-interference ratio is the ratio between the signal strength of the current
serving cell and the signal strength of undesired (interfering) signal components. The C/I
measurement function built into TEMS Investigation enables the identification of frequencies that are
exposed to particularly high levels of interference, something which comes in useful in the verification
and optimization of frequency plans.

• TA
 Timing Advance. Valid only in dedicated mode. ; To measure the distance of MS from
serving cell. Valid only in dedicated mode. See on “Radio Parameter” windows.

• C1  criteria used for cell selection and cell reselection

• C2  criteria used for cell reselection

To See How the Network Runs
CASES
The examples of How Drive Test can see a Network runs.
 To See How the Network Runs
CASES

1. BTS Down

Get in to the site (whether it’s new or existing), then see on TEMS display,
At parameters BCCH, BSIC. If the intended site’s BCCH doesn’t appear, the site is Down

If we don’t have the site data. We can go the exact position of the site, near/under the antenna.
Then see if on the serving cell, the Rxlev is good ( above -60 dBm)
To See How the Network Runs
CASES

2. Handover

We need to check the handover between sector1 of Site A to sector3 of Site B.

We start at the Site A. Check the parameters on TEMS. Make sure the serving cell now
Is from the sector1 of site A. See the neighbour, if the sector3 of site B appear.
Start the drive test, with dedicated mode, to site B sector3 (specified the route first).
The handover should be occur along this drive test. If it’s not, note this as a problem.
See any possibility of the problem, such as:
• the neighbour not appear, possibility haven’t been created
• there’s other site between
• there’s obstacle
Then do the opposite, start from sector3 Site B to sector1 Site A.
To See How the Network Runs
CASES
3. Swap Feeder
There’s a possibility that we have bad installation, for example swap feeder.
Swap feeder occur when the installation switch by mistake, for example the feeder to sector1
Became to sector 2, from BTS.
We can see this from drive test.
For example, we have a site with 2 sectors, with a road in front it, to be covered.
We should have the data of this site, such as the BCCH of each sectors.
We start the drive test from sector 1 to sector 2. While we’re on sector1 coverage, see if the
BCCH of serving cell is the correct one, according to the data we have.
And do the opposite from sector 2 coverage to sector1

sect2
sect1
To See How the Network Runs
CASES

4. Overshoot
When we get the signal from the site that not close to the current area drive test.
Usually we get bad RxQual and long/bigger TA.
We can suspect this as a overshoot case. This case happen when a site/cell is serving far
away from its area.
Guidelines
Drive Test Types

1. Drive Test Continuous Route

Drive Test is walk/ drive along the route non stop

2. Hot Spots Measurement

Drive Test only at certain spot (usually critical point), TEMS standing still, no movement for 1-
5 minutes but still recording.
Usually for scanning frequency or to investigate more detailed network behaviour
Guidelines
Drive Test Guideline

1. Preparation
Don’t go to the field without a good preparation. Prepare the tools completeness, maps, cars,
scenarios, sites data, knowing area we are heading to.
2. Check Tools
Beside checking the tools completeness. Also check each tools if it’s working well, such as
the GPS, inverter, handset, including SIM card.
3. Some Rules
- Avoid to have the same route twice, or go on the same road twice.
- Beware of certain area, such as restricted area, one way street, traffic jam streets.
- Create simple/effective way of scenarios, where to start until finishing the route.
- Good cooperation with driver.
- Make sure the roads on the route, can represent the whole network as samples.
4. Pay Attention
Even if we’re only collecting data, we must focus on our activity. Avoid the things that can
make us re-drive test , such as, data cable unplugged from its MS, forget to turn-off the GPRS
mode when we don’t need GPRS to measure, run out GPS batteries, forget to record, forget
the purpose of the drive test, assure the data collected is right, pay attention of car speed,
create notes for special events, etc.
5. Reporting and Analysis
TEMS can divided as two, data collection and analysis. After drive test on the field, we must
provide data to be analyze and reported. Make sure we can create a good report and analyze
well, by performing all of the points above.
 Guidelines
Reporting Guidelines

1. Drive test report basically can be divided as two: Plot and Statistic.

BCCH: 59

logfile floor RxLevel Average % RxQual Data

      =0

BRI1 1 -65.12706271 93%

BRI2 2 -58.26292629 98%

BRI3 3 -57.53480663 87%

Statistics

Plot
2. Before we can create the report, make sure we have the right standard for each value
reported. Such as how many ranges the treshold of RxLevel, and RxQual. The color
ranges of SQI and FER, etc.

3. Export the right data for Plotting. To create Plot report, for example we need the logfile
to be mapinfo files. Make sure we have TEMS 4 above, that can directly export the
logfile into mapinfo file. Or, if we have TEMS 3 below, make sure we have third-party
software that can create it, such as GIMS.
 4. For statistic report, usually we only need the excel file and some of mapinfo data.
Each version of TEMS investigation can export the logfile into text file, *.fmt. This
format can open , and manage with Microsoft Excel.
Ms
id TIME FRAME POSITION MESSAGE TYPE HEXADECIMAL STRING

LAT LON

PAGING REQUEST TYPE

MS1 15:41.7 2609056 S 0000.0240 E 00000.0314 1 0F 0F 25 06 21 00 05 F4 30 A2 DB CC 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B

PAGING REQUEST TYPE

MS1 15:43.1 2609362 S 0000.0240 E 00000.0318 1 0F 0F 15 06 21 00 01 F0 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B

PAGING REQUEST TYPE

MS1 15:44.5 2609668 S 0000.0240 E 00000.0319 3 0F 0F 4D 06 24 00 30 C3 AC 76 30 C2 33 8E 30 C3 0F AF 30 C3 16 3E 83 2B 2B

PAGING REQUEST TYPE

MS1 15:45.9 2609975 S 0000.0240 E 00000.0322 1 0F 0F 41 06 21 00 05 F4 30 C3 9B 1A 17 05 F4 30 C3 AD 45 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B

MS1 15:46.1 2610013 S 0000.0239 E 00000.0322 IDLE MODE REPORT 0E CF E2 00 0C D0 56 10 4D DA 0F CB D7 10 09 DA 0E 88 00 0F 46 80

PAGING REQUEST TYPE

MS1 15:47.3 2610281 S 0000.0239 E 00000.0327 1 0F 0F 25 06 21 00 05 F4 30 C2 D0 1B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B

5. Following the standard report of the customers.

 Layer 3 Messages

-To Monitor the event and signaling sent and received by Phone
- List Messages of event and signaling

-Often use in analysis, after Drive Test

completed

-Replay the logfile, click a point on the

route marker on map window,
then see on layer 3 messages windows,
detailed information on the
associated messages appears in this window

-Can double-click each list message from

that window to open a new window
displaying the full contents of the message.
Scanning Function inside TEMS

TEMS Investigation supports scanning of radio frequency carriers (channels),

using either a ordinary TEMS mobile station or a dedicated frequency scanner mobile,
the TEMS Scanner.

Scanning is handled from the Frequency Scanner window, and here the output
of the scan is displayed, too
Scanning Function inside TEMS
BCCH BSIC Average Rx Level (dBm)
51 35 -104
52 - -115
53 26 -110
54 - -114
55 - -105
56 - -115
57 26 -111
58 - -114
59 - -115
60 - -115
61 - -111
62 - -113
63 - -115
64 - -115
65 - -115
66 15 -110
67 - -114
68 - -114
69 - -114
70 - -114
 Scanning Function inside TEMS
Procedure:

In the Frequency Scanner window, choose the unit to use as scanner in the
• Selecting Channels combo box.
Click the Measurement Settings button.
The channel selection is handled from the Scanned channels tab:

Checking "Decode BSIC" causes the Base Station

Identity Code to be decoded. It will be shown in the
table to the right in the Frequency Scanner window
Scanning Function inside TEMS

Performing Scan
To start scanning, click the Start Scanning button.
While the scanning is going on, the status bar shows the padlock symbol , indicating that the scanner is busy.
To stop scanning, click the Stop Scanning button.

• Presenting Scan
 Bar Chart
 Line Chart
 Table
 BCCH BSIC Average Rx Level
(dBm)
Scanning Function inside TEMS
51 35 -104
52 - -115
• After Process / Report
53 26 -110

• Plot 54 - -114

 Directly capture 55 - -105

 Export to Mapinfo 56 - -115

57 26 -111
• Spreedsheet 58 - -114
59 - -115

 Export to text (.fmt), open and process with Excel spreedsheet 60 - -115
61 - -111
62 - -113
63 - -115
64 - -115
65 - -115
66 15 -110
67 - -114
68 - -114
69 - -114
70 - -114
 HINTS for MS:

 Life time MS measurement equipment maximum 1 year, if more than 1 year need to be re-calibrate
 Calibration MS’s cost almost the same price buy a new one
 Ericsson only support 2 version below for re-calibrate (eq : latest version is TEMS 7.0, means only
can re-calibrate handset at version 5)
 If MS not calibrated or buy a new one, it will impact into the measurement (such as RxLevel and
RxQual) will reduced and not valid => KPI will not achived
 TEMS always have bugs (even latest version) both coming from software or from type MS itself, need
knowledge to anticipated it (such as wrong RxLevel recorded)
 HINTS for PC/Laptop:

•PC which use for TEMS

should turn off any usage of
COM, IR, bluetooth, Wi-Fi,
any accessories attached at
PC should be turn off, set PC
into “Maximum Performance”
at Control Panel-System

•Slow PC, low memory, low

HD capacity will make MS
disconnected suddenly when
TEMS use for a long time,
same things happened if the
battery of PC/laptop is too hot

•Turn off power saving feature

in the laptop/PC

•Turn off screen saver

•It would be better drive test

laptop is only for do drive test
not for daily routine
 HINTS for Drive Test:
 Make sure all connections cable at TEMS system is tight, as well external antenna
 For indoor drive test, MS position is very crucial because some MS location can increase body
loss or other losses (such as MS put behind laptop or put MS near body)
 Avoid doing drive test at busy hour especially will increase loss (eq : a lot of people in the mall
will increase body loss, a lot of car in the basement, traffic jam)
For 3G drive test, more user using 3G will reduce quality, do drive test at low traffic is essential
 Drive test indoor need constant speed walk test (idle mode slower than dedicated mode)
 Drive test outdoor should be constant and not to fast ( max 40 km/h inner city and max 60 km/h
outer city)
 Drive test recorded more than once at the same route (if possible) because it always given result
slightly different. Take the best one as a report
 Result Drive Test route for outdoor drive test should be ignored when drive test route inside
tunnel, on top of fly over road, below fly over road, bridge. Pay attention that GPS can’t work well
if no LOS into the sky
Reference
 Ericsson.com/tems
 Michael Pipikakis, Evaluating and Improving The Quality of Service of Second Generation
Cellular System, September,2004
 TEMS Investigation 4.0 Manual
 TEMS Investigation 2.03 Manual
 TEMS Investigation 7.0 Product Description