Classical

Complex Analysis

Liang-shin Hahn
Mathematics Department
University of New Mexico

Bernard Epstein
Emeritus
Mathematics Department
University of New Mexico

Jones and Bartlett Publishers

Sudbury, Massachusetts

Boston London Singapore

Contents

Preface xi

1 Complex Numbers 1
1.1 The Complex Field 1
1.2 Geometric Representation
1.3 The Riemann Sphere 9
Exercises 12

2 Power Series 17
2.1 Sequences 17
2.2 Series 21
2.3 Some Terminology about the Topology of the Complex
Plane 26
2.4 Uniform Convergence 29
2.5 Geometric Series 32
2.6 Circle of Convergence 34
2.7 Uniqueness 40
2.8 Differentiation of Power Series 44
2.9 Some Elementary Functions 46
2.10 The Maximum and Minimum Modulus Principles 58
Exercises 61

3 Analytic Functions 73
3.1 The Cauchy-Riemann Differential Equations 73
3.2 Harmonic Functions 78

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3.3 Geometric Significance of the Derivative 82

3.4 Mobius Transformations 87
Exercises 97

4 The Cauchy Theorem 105

4.1 Some Remarks on Curves 105
4.2 Line Integrals 107
4.3 The Cauchy-Goursat Theorem 113
4.4 The Cauchy Integral Formula 118
4.5 The Morera Theorem 124
Exercises 130

5 Singularities and Residues 139

5.1 Laurent Series 139
5.2 Isolated Singularities 143
5.3 Rational Functions 150
5.4 Residues 152
5.5 Evaluation of Real Integrals 155
5.6 The Argument Principle 167
Exercises 178

6 The Maximum Modulus Principle 185

6.1 The Maximum and Minimum Modulus Principles,
Revisited 185
6.2 The Schwarz Lemma 187
6.3 The Three-Circle Theorem 194
6.4 A Maximum Theorem for an Unbounded Region 196
6.5 The Three-Line Theorem 197
6.6 The Phragmen-Lindelof Theorems 199
Exercises 203

7 Entire and Meromorphic Functions 207

7.1 The Mittag-Leffler Theorem 207
7.2 A Theorem of Weierstrass 216
CONTENTS ix

7.3 Extensions of Theorems of Mittag-Leffler and

Weierstrass 221
7.4 Infinite Products 223
7.5 Blaschke Products 235
7.6 The Factorization of Entire Functions 238
7.7 The Jensen Formula 244
7.8 Entire Functions of Finite Order 250
7.9 The Runge Approximation Theorem 259
Exercises 268

8 Analytic Continuation 279

8.1 The Power-Series Method 279
8.2 Natural Boundaries 283
8.3 Multiple-Valued Functions 289
8.4 Riemann Surfaces 293
8.5 The Schwarz Symmetry Principle 298
8.6 The Monodromy Theorem 300
8.7 Law of Permanence 301
8.8 The Euler Gamma Function 302
Exercises 314

9 Normal Families 323

9.1 The Montel Selection Theorem 323
9.2 Univalent Functions 329
Exercises 334

10 Conformal Mapping 337

10.1 Classification of Regions 337
10.2 The Riemann Mapping Theorem 338
10.3 Examples 343
10.4 Conformal Mappings of Multiply Connected
Regions 353
Exercises 359

11 Harmonic Functions 363

11.1 Harmonic Conjugate 363
11.2 The Maximum and Minimum Principles for Harmonic
Functions 366
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11.3 The Poisson Integral Formula 366

11.4 The Dirichlet Problem 368
11.5 The Harnack Theorem 374
11.6 Green Functions 376
Exercises 381

12 The Picard Theorems 387

12.1 The Bloch Theorem 387
12.2 The Schottky Theorem 392
12.3 The Picard Theorems 397
Exercises 400

Appendix: Unsolved Problems 403

Index 407