Part 1:

Patriarchy
Patriarchy is a logical concept that refers to a system of social, political, and economic
relations and institutions that are structured around the concept of gender inequality of socially
defined males and females. Within patriarchal association, Females are often excluded from
participating in economic and political life. Men dominate both the public and domestic life
whereas females and their attributed known as “feminine” are undervalued. Patriarchy has been
extremely criticized as very universal and that it overreaches in its conceptualization of the
inequality between females and males as an unhistorical and a cultural organized set
of inequalities, that seem unchangeable and not flexible.
Patriarchy theory was expanded and updated by feminist theories in the second half of the
twentieth century. Due to social sciences, it was left far behind because it was initially
considered to only apply to ancient civilization. However, feminists believed that patriarchy was
much more than just civilization and that it has remained since before ancient times. Contrarily,
the most forms of feminism understand patriarchy as present, and it is known as an unfair social
system that discriminates and oppresses the females. In conclusion, feminist theory often
categorizes patriarchy as a social establishment that can be conquered by analyzing its
illustration.
Deep ecology
Deep ecology is an environmental philosophy that is based on the belief that individuals
must change their relationship with nature. Changing their relationship from valuing nature only
for its functions and use to humans to acknowledging that nature has intrinsic value. Deep
ecology is known as a social movement that at times has different undertones such as religion
rather than traditional notions. Deep ecology can differentiate itself from other types of
environmentalisms by making claims about social justice and metaphysics. Overall, the concept
of deep ecology should be interpreted as a connection with nature and not disassociated with it.
With the western culture evidently displaying supremacy of humans over all others, deep
ecology allows us to see another viewpoint. Deep ecology allows humans to find peace with
nature and to view humans as a part of nature, not superior or different from it. This social
movement has made a major impact on environmental advocacy. As a movement, it has inspired
many around the entire world. In conclusion, deep ecology argues that all living things are
connected and that there are no borders a living and nonliving thing.

Religious Fundamentalism
Religious fundamentalism is the belief that their religion should be forced on others and
that their religion is far off from any mistakes. Religious fundamentalism allows individuals to
believe that the teachings from the sacred texts must be used in political, social, and economical
aspects of life. This system controls religious thoughts including the utilization of all with
regards to the world, self, and others.
Many religions in the world are often affiliated with fundamentalist components.
Religious fundamentalism has the belief that individuals or a group have full authority of
religious texts with no belief in scientific facts or logical explanations. Religion rules their lives
and dictates how they live life on a daily. Religious fundamentalism tends to be correlated with
several prejudices which is often related with women and homosexual individuals. Overall,
religious fundamentalism is known for its discriminatory behaviour toward many different
views.
Realist vs Liberalism Theory of Modern International Relations
Realists have the belief that there’s no such thing as universal principles in which all
states must guide their actions. The primary concern is that the state and their actions within the
international system are mainly due to competitive self-interest. Realists revolve around many
ideas, these ideas include anarchy, state centrism, rationality, and power. Realism is not
completely connected with ideology as it does not consider it to have a significant impact on the
behaviour of nations. Overall, realists hold the view that world politics will always be a field of
conflict among individuals who want to achieve power.
Liberalism, however, believe that state economies can provide the measurement of power
creating peace and will achieve rights and freedom for many. Liberal international theory holds
the focus of structural constraints on the behaviour of state based on the foreign policy. It offers a
promise to create a unified theory in international politics. Critics from the realist view have said
that this theory is impossible and that it is feasible. In conclusion, the liberalism theory of
modern international relations focuses on the relationship between state and civil society and
situations where the state makes decisions in the international system.
Revolutionary Feminism
Revolutionary feminism was built around the concept to create and construct
revolutionary demands for women. The existence of this circles around the existence of two class
systems. These class systems are the sex class system, built around the relationship with people
and reproduction, and the second-class system is the economic class, built around the
relationship with people and production. Overall, revolutionary feminism is mainly connected
with political separatism and unapologetic direct action.
With little consideration for women life including mothers and workers, evolution for
revolutionary feminism has grown. Gentrification has destroyed daily lives for females and has
made it extremely difficult on them. In the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century
revolutionary feminism was established growing out of cultural revolution. In conclusion,
revolutionary feminism has had the main objective for demands of the females.
Part 2:
Describe the historical evolution of Feminist ideology and comment on the challenges
Feminism faces today?
Feminism is an ideology and theory that has the main goal to achieve equality for social,
economic, and political rights for women. Feminism has been manifested all around the world
and has been represented by many institutions. These institutions have taken initiative to work on
behalf of the females rights and interests.
Mostly, in western culture, the women were restricted to a private life. On the contrary,
the men were enjoying the public life. Females were denied to many rights which include the
right to vote, right of property ownership, right to education, and to live a public life. Overall, the
women had no rights and had minimum access to many things. Living life on a low, however, in
the nineteenth century, a women’s movement was established known as the first wave feminism.
The objective was to achieve equal rights both politically and legally, and to put a stop to women
suffrage once and for all.
In the nineteen sixties, this women’s movement had been revived known as the second
wave feminism. The legal and political rights had yet to be achieved, and patriarchy was still a
major issue creating a far more extreme appeal of feminism to achieve change. The second wave
of feminism had provoked many with theoretical discussion including the role of a female in the
family. Overall, these feminist groups worked to achieve a new shape to society, striving to get
rid of the patriarchal society.
There are many challenges feminism still faces today, regardless of the major difference
compared to back in the day, with rights to vote and education. A major challenge for feminism
today is the lack of females in positions of power. There has always been a lack of females in
positions of power, from political leadership to courts. Due to this, there has been a remaining
issue of discrimination in many different forms. The issue of women unable to reach the higher
ranks from workplace positions is known as “glass ceiling”. This has been one of the greatest
challenges for feminist as it is a barrier to many opportunities. In conclusion, regardless of the
major efforts from feminist there are still many challenges that they face today.
Part 3:
In your opinion, what are the main problems (political, social, economic) that global
leaders must tackle today, and what ideology or sets of ideologies might help accomplish
that?
There are many problems that global leaders must tackle today that are in relation with
political, social, and economic issues. These issues affect society severely and have always had
on impact on many individuals. By global leaders tackling these problems, this can create great
communities and relationships with people and nature.
There are many issues related with politics that global leaders need to tackle as soon as
possible. These issues include healthcare, education, climate crisis, national safety, and security.
These challenges have been faced and will be faced by global leaders for a very long time due to
difference of views by individuals of society. Some say it is fine, whereas to many, there are
many issues created by such problems and that they need to be tackled by the government.
Democracy has been a major survivor for many countries as it allows many individuals to
deliberate and decide legislation and, in my opinion, I believe it would help solve the problems.
Issues related with the economy that global leaders need to tackle as soon as possible
include economic growth, inflation rates, interest rates and exchange rates. These are common
issues that are related with economic issues that global leaders face. In the middle of the
nineteenth centuries industrialization had a major impact on economy. I believe to tackle issues
related to economy; liberal society is a solution. This is because liberal society expresses
freedom of thought, activity related to politics, and more.
Lastly, the many problems related with social issues include poverty, homelessness,
gender inequality, racial discrimination, and climate change. These problems are faced
worldwide and need to be tackled by global leaders as it has created a terrible lifestyle for many.
To create a solution for these social issues ideologies such as feminism can help as its main
concept it to achieve equality for all. In conclusion, there are many issues related to political,
social, and economic problems that leaders need to tackle today and they can be solved by
ideologies that provide a solution.