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Those airlines who opt to hedge the cost of jet fuel by purchasing a specified volume at a defined

price in advance will be less affected by price rises than those that do not. However, certain

airlines, like British Airways, are covered against price swings for up to two years, while others,

like three of the four main US-based airlines, are unhedged and so forced to pay historically high

rates. Sanctions are a double-edged sword, as the Russian aircraft industry learned the hard way.

While sanctions on Russian titanium have not been issued, supply concerns may still compel

Western companies to go elsewhere. At now, Russia meets more than 40% of the demand for

titanium used in aircraft manufacturing. Even under ideal conditions, finding a new source for

crucial raw materials would be difficult. However, this will be challenging in the face of a global

supply chain crisis.

Recommendations to the government and other stakeholders.

My recommendations to the government and other stake holders are; To stakeholders they

should ensure that all the risks are well taken care to prevent losses resulting from their

occurrence of such risks. To the government I recommend that it protects all the businesses

operating in the country economy are protected from the risks to ensure good business term

prevail n its economies.

Conclusion

A risk profile is an analysis of a person's risk tolerance and willingness and it may also be used

to indicate the dangers that a corporation confronts. Risk is a situation that can result to loss to a

company. The companies shell plc and aviation plc are exposed to various risks which they have

come up with ways of managing them and as well as ways of overcoming them in their daily

transactions. These risks are; ratio analysis risk, value at risk and liquidity risks. The companies
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have also implemented methods of managing the risks and avoiding the unfavorable trading

conditions and incorporating an ethical business operation environment which is favorable to

both the companies and their customers.

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