2nd Year Antidote

DHWANI COLLEGE UNION 2021-22 1
GOVERNMENT MEDICAL COLLEGE, THRISSUR

PATHOLOGY | MICROBIOLOGY | PHARMACOLOGY

DHWANI COLLEGE UNION 21- 22
GOVERNMENT MEDICAL COLLEGE THRISSUR
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
CREDITS FOR OUR PREVIOUS EDITON
DISHA COLLEGE UNION 18-19
Ashmiya zainab 36th batch Ashana kt 35th batch
Mohammed Roshan 36th batch Mridula V 35th batch
Akshay Rajeev 36th batch Nidha kk 36th batch
Shana Parveen 36th batch Shafna P 36th batch
Arun 38th batch Sooraj 35th batch
Swathinath PK 37th batch Tharun das 37th batch
Anas A 37th batch Thanveer 37th batch
Vivek P Venu 37th batch Binimol benny 37th batch
Khadeeja Zuman 37th batch Rifna Sherin 37th batch
Amrita Krishnan 37th batch Lakshmi parvathy 37th batch
Huda Shahzadi 37th batch Swahiba 37th batch
Marjan 38th batch Nourin 38th batch
CREDITS FOR THE LATEST EDITION
DHWANI COLLEGE UNION 21-22
Aswin S H38
Abindas F39
Sreerag F39
Cover page: Arun H38

PREFACE
Antidote is one of the best question books for achieving the best results in
University Exams. It is a culmination of tremendous hardwork by the members of
academic club of Govt. Medical College Thrissur.
Preface solving previous year question papers can go a long way in helping one
to understand the pattern, HOT questions and area of importance. This has
always been useful since from 10th boards, +2 and NEET exams and become even
more cardinal for the MBBS exams. The questions have been arranged in such a
way that it will give the students a quick revision of the must know and good to
know topics. It will equip the students to deal with the vast topics in MBBS. Hope
this venture turns out to be a useful tool in tackling and cracking the University
Exams. Let this aid students in developing the right art of confidence to face and
triumph over the exams.
Anjas M Ali
Chairperson
Dhwani College Union
Govt. Medical College Thrissur

MICROBIOLOGY 1

SL TOPICS NO. OF MARKS YEAR

NO. TIMES
APPEARED
GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY
1 List four contributions of Louis Pasteur to 2 times 2 2018 S
microbiology 2014
2 Bacterial capsule 2 times 2 2016 S
2014 S
3 L- forms 2 2015 S
4 Enriched media 2 2018
5 Robertson’s cooked meat medium 2 2017 S
6 Enrichment media with examples 4 times 2 2016
2 2014 S
2 2013
2 2020
7 Transport Media 4 times 2 2017
2 2015 S
2 2019 S
2 2021 S
8 Anaerobic culture methods 2 times 2 2017
2021
9 Compare exotoxin and endotoxin 2 times 5 2015 S
2 2014 S
10 Mention two methods of extra chromosomal 2 2018 S
transfer of genetic material in bacteria
11 Transduction 2 times 2 2016
2 2014
12 Bacterial conjugation 2 2013 S
13 Gene therapy 2 2015 S
14 R plasmid 2 2013
15 Mutation 2 2017
16 Bacterial growth curve 5 2019
17 Bacterial spore and its demonstration 5 2019 S
18 Enumerate methods of gene transfer in 2 times 2 2019 S
bacteria

Enumerate the four phases of bacterial growth 2021 S2

curve
19 Koch’s postulates 2 2020
20 Clinical applications of autoclave 2 2020
21 Plasmid and its importance in drug resistance 2 2 2020
Plasmid 2 2021 S
22 Hot air oven 2 2021 S
23 Sporicidal disinfectants 2 2021
24 Transposons 2 2021 S2
25 Extended spectrum beta lactamases 2 2017 S
26 Name two other pigment producing bacteria. 2 2018 S
27 Negative staining 2 2019
28 List four oxidase positive organisms 2 2021S
29 Disc diffusion method of antibiotic sensitivity 2 2021S
testing
30 Continuous cell lines 3 times 2 2015
Tissue culture tissue Cell 2 2016
line cultures 2 2018 S
31 Oncogenic viruses 3 times 2 2017 S
Name 4 oncogenic viruses and malignancy 2 2018
caused
Mention two DNA and two RNA oncogenic 2 2021S
viruses
32 General characters of viruses 5 2017
33 Morphology of bacteriophage 2 2013 S
34 Cytopathic effect 2 2013 S
35 Virus cultivation by cell culture method 2 times 2 2015 S
2 2016 S
36 Eclipse phase in viral replication 2 2014
37 Inclusion bodies 4 times 2 2013
2019
2020
2021
38 Give two examples of antiviral drug 2 2019
39 Life cycle of bacteriophage 5 2019
40 Primary cell culture 2 2021
41 Sabouraud dextrose agar 2 2018

42 Mycotic poisoning 4 times 2 2015 S

Mycotoxins 2 2013
2 2014 S
Mycetism 2 2015
43 Name four anti-fungal agents 2 2020
44 Slide culture technique 2 2021
45 Define Definitive host with an example 2 2019
2020
46 Define intermediate host. Give two examples 2021S2
47 Dimorphic fungi 3 times 5 2016 S
5 2017
What are dimorphic fungi? Name two 2 2021S
dimorphic fungi
46 Enumerate four dimorphic fungi 2 2019
IMMUNOLOGY
1 IgG 2 times 5 2018 S
5 2017 S
2 IgA 2 times 2 2018
2 2014 S
3 IgM 2 2013
4 Innate immunity 2 times 2 2016 S
5 2019 S
5 Active immunity 2 times 5 2017
2 2013 S
6 Compare and contrast active and passive 5 2020
immunity
7 Define artificial active immunity with 2 2 2018
examples
8 Type 1 Hypersensitivity 4 times 5 2014
2020
Primary mediators of Type 1 2 2015
Hypersensitivity 2021
9 Type 4 Hypersensitivity 3 times 5 2018
2016
2019

10 Herd immunity 2 2014 S

11 B lymphocytes 2 times 2 2015 S
2 2013 S
12 T lymphocytes 2 2021S2
13 T helper cells 2 2016
14 Difference between T and B lymphocytes 2014 S
15 Natural Killer cells 2 2014
16 Super Antigens with examples 2 times 2 2016 S
2015
17 Pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases 5 2015 S
18 Mention mechanisms of autoimmunity 2 2017 S
19 Name four autoimmune diseases 2 2018 S
20 Graft v/s Host Reaction (GVH) 2 times 5 2016 S
2 2019 S
21 Adjuvants 2 2016 S
22 Complement Fixation Tests 2 2017
23 Opsonisation 2 2014 S
24 ELISA –Types and Application 2 times 2 2018
2015 S
25 Agglutination reactions 3 times 5 2015
Agglutination reaction in Ag- Ab combination 2013
Name four tube agglutination tests. Describe in 2021S
detail any one of them.
26 Immunological effects of TNF 2 2015
27 Immunological tolerance 2 2015
28 Monoclonal antibodies and its application in 5 2014 S
clinical microbiology 2021S2
29 Hereditary angioneurotic edema 2 2015
30 Immunofluorescence 2 2020
31 Phagocytosis 2 2020
32 Mechanisms of autoimmune disease 2 2021
33 Artificial passive immunity with two examples 2 2021
34 Classical pathway of complement activation 5 2021S2
35 Give two examples of tumor associated 2 2021S2
antigens
36 Latex agglutination test 2 2019
37 Give two examples of live attenuated vaccines 2 2020

38 Give two examples of killed vaccines 2 2021S2

39 Gamma interferons 2 2013 S
40 Live attenuated vaccines 2 2015 S
41 MR vaccine 2 2021
HOSPITAL INFECTION CONTROL

1 Define sterilization and disinfection. Name the 3 2 2018
best method of heat sterilization autoclave, 2
temperature/s employed and holding periods.
Describe the working of above instrument and

its applications in hospital and lab. 4
What are the sterilization controls used?
2
Define sterilization. Classify methods of
sterilization. Describe in detail moist methods
1+2+3+4
below 100˚C, above 100˚C. 2021
2 Sterilization using dry heat 2 2014 S
3 Discuss about autoclave and its uses 5 2014
4 Incineration 2 2014
5 Method of moist heat sterilization 2 times 2 2013
5 2013 S
6 Bacterial spore and methods for its disinfection 2 5 2018 S
2 2013 S
7 Radiation as a sterilization method 2 2018
8 Phenol coefficient 2 2018 S
9 Gaseous Disinfectant 2 times 2 2017
2 2019 S
10 Tyndallisation 2 2016
11 Pasteurization 2 2015 S
12 Bacterial flagellae 2 times 2 2017
2016
13 Fimbriae 2 2017 S
14 Acid fast staining 2 2021
15 Rideal-Walker test 2 2021 S2
16 Hospital acquired infections 2 2015

17 Eijkman test 2 2017

Presumptive coliform count Normal 2 2015
flora of skin 2 2014S
BLOOD STREAM & CVS INFECTIONS

1 A thirty yr old lady presented with complaints 8 times 2013 S
of step ladder of high fever, headache and 2016 S
coated tongue for past 10 days. She had 2014
hepatosplenomegaly and bradycardia. Blood 2018 S
count showed leucopoenia. Answer the 2014 S
following: 2016
{ENTERIC FEVER/TYPHOID} 2017
• What is the diagnosis of this condition? 1 2021
• Name the species of bacteria causing this. 1
• Discuss the pathogenesis of this disease. 3
• How will you confirm diagnosis in lab? 3
• Name vaccine used for prevention of
disease.
• What is anamnestic reaction? 2
Pathogenesis of enteric fever 1
Pathogenesis and lab diagnosis of enteric fever 5
5
Laboratory diagnosis of enteric fever
2
2 Leptospirosis 5 2015
3 Widal Test 2 2 2017 S
2020
4 Coagulase test 2 times 2 2016
2 2014
5 Weil Felix Test 2 times 2 2017
2 2014
6 Bacteroides fragilis 2 2014
7 Weil’s disease 2 2020

8 Laboratory diagnosis of leptospirosis 2 2021

9 20 yr old boy admitted in hospital with history 3 times 2015
of high grade fever and severe back pain and 2018
joint pain and bleeding gums. 2018 S
Answer the following:{DENGUE}
1. What is the probable diagnosis and the
infecting agent. 1
2. Classify arbo viruses and the ones seen in
India. 3
3. Name the complications of above
2
disease.
4. Briefly describe the lab diagnosis and 2
prophylactic measures employed.
A 14yr old boy presents with complaints of

fever, headache, retrobulbar pain,
maculopapular rash, pain in the back and limbs
for past 10 days. The fever is typically biphasic
in nature. Answer the following:
1. Probable diagnosis and causative agent.
1
2. How disease is transmitted. Name 2
other diseases transmitted in the same 2
way.
3. Name the investigations for specific
2
diagnosis and test for complications.
4. Name two complications of this disease.
5. What are the preventing measures to be 3
employed?
2
10 A male patient aged 35yrs came to STD OP 2 times 2013
Department with a h/o exposure and is 2015 S
complaining of intractable diarrhea of one
month duration with loss of weight and
prolonged fever. Answer the following:
{HIV}
1) Mention the probable diagnosis. 1
2

2) Describe the morphology of the virus

causing this disease. 3
3) How will you proceed with laboratory
1
diagnosis in this case?
2
4) What is the confirmatory test?
5) Discuss the other modes of transmission. 2
6) How the disease can be prevented? 2
7) Explain the pathogenesis of above clinical
condition. 1
8) Mention any 4 important opportunistic
infections associated with this disease.
A 35-year-old male with history of multiple sex

partners was admitted with complaints of
unexplained fever, progressive loss of weight,
persistent diarrhea and generalized
lymphadenopathy for past six months
• What is the most probable diagnosis
1
• Draw a labeled diagram of the morphology of
2
the causative agent of this condition
• Discuss the pathogenesis 3
• Write lab diagnosis of the above condition in
detail 1
• Name two parasites causing diarrhoea in this
group of patients 2
• Mention the prophylactic measures
11 Lab diagnosis of HIV infection 5 2017 S
12 NACO stratergies for HIV diagnosis 5 2021S2
13 MMR vaccine 4 times 2 2013
2 2017
2 2017 S
2 2021S
14 Japanese encephalitis 5 2016 S
15 Chikungunya virus 2 times 2 2013 S
2 2019 S
16 Viral hemorrhagic fever 2 2016

17 Ebstein barr virus 5 2013 S

18 Dengue hemorrhage fever 5 2014
19 Significance of p24 Ag 2 2014
20 Infectious mononucleosis 2 2013
21 EBV associated malignancies 2 2020
22 Window period in HIV infection 2 2021S
23 Four opportunistic infections seen in AIDS 2 2019 S
patients and causative agents.
24 A 45 yr old male complains of intermittent high 6 times 2014 S
grade fever which was cyclical and associated 2013 S
with rigors and chills. On examination he had
hepatosplenomegaly. Answer the following:
{MALARIA}
1) What is the probable diagnosis?

2) List the species of organism which can
cause this type of disease.
3) Discuss briefly the pathogenesis of this
disease
4) Discuss in detail the lab diagnosis of this
disease.
5) Describe life cycle of this agent
6) Asexual life cycle of plasmodium vivax
1) What is the probable diagnosis?

2) List the species of organism which can
2019
cause this type of disease.
3) Discuss briefly the pathogenesis of this
disease
4) Discuss in detail the lab diagnosis of this
disease.
5) Describe life cycle of this agent
A 52 years old man presents with the

complaints of intermittent high fever, rigor and
2019S
headache for the past 6 days. He gives a history

of fever on alternate days and on examination

has hepatosplenomegaly. Answer the following.
• What is the diagnosis of the condition
• List the species of the causative agent
• Name the definitive and intermediate
hosts
• Discuss the laboratory diagnosis of this
condition
• Enumerate the important preventive
measures to prevent this disease
2021s
Laboratory diagnosis of malaria 5 2021
25 Lab diagnosis of lymphatic filariaisis 5 times 5 2016
Pathogenesis, Clinical features, Lab Dx and Rx of 5 2017 S
filariasis 5 2018
Bancroftian filariasis 2019

Pathogenesis and laboratory diagnosis of
5
filariasis 2020
26 Name 2 parasites which cause iron deficiency 2 2018

anemia.
27 Kala azar 3 2 2017
Name causative agent and transmitting vector 2 2018
for kalaazar
Laboratory diagnosis of kala azar 2 2021S2
28 Life cycle of Plasmodium falciparum 2 2016
29 Microfilariae 2 2015
30 Egg of schistoma hematobium 2 2014
31 Pathogenesis and lab diagnosis of 2 times 5 2013
falciparum malariae+ complication
5 2018 S
Complication of falciparum malaria 2 2021
32 Name complications of falciparum malria 2 2021S2
33 DEC provocation test 2 2019 S
34 Draw neat and labeled digram of microfilaria 2 2021S2
bancrofti

35 Varicella zoster infection 2 2017 S

36 Lab diagnosis of brucellosis 2 2018
Standard agglutination test for brucellosis 2021S2
37 Histoplasma capsulatum 2 2016
GIT INFECTIONS
1 A 40 year old male complains of effortless 4 times 2017
passage of loose watery stools for about 10 2016s
times in the past 24 hours. The stool is 2018
colorless, watery fluid with flecks of mucus 2019
resembling rice water. Answer the following:
1. What is the probable diagnosis, causative 1
agent? {CHOLERA}
1
2. What is the mode of infection for this
disease? 2
3. Mention method of collection and
transportation of sample to laboratory? 3
4. Describe the pathogenesis of his disease.
3
5. Discuss the lab diagnosis of this disease.
6. Describe specific preventive measures to 2
prevent this disease.
Lab diagnosis of cholera 2

5
2 A 36 years man was having watery diarrhea and 2021S2

vomiting. He was admitted to the hospital for
management of dehydration. Answer the
following.
• Define diarrhea 1
2

• Enumerate the bacterial etiologic agents of

diarrhea. 5
• Describe the pathogenesis of this clinical
entity 2
• How will you provide prophylaxis
3 Helicobacter pylori 3 times 2 2017
2016
Lab diagnosis of helicobacter infection 5 2016 S
4 Halophilic Vibrios 3 times 2 2016 S
2015 S
2021S
5 Types of diarrhoegenic E. Coli 2 times 2 2016
2015
Enterotoxigenic E. Coli 2 times 2 2017 S
2014
2013
6 Clostridium difficile 2 2013
7 Non agglutinating vibrios 2 2017
8 Botulism 2 2019 S
9 Name four different bacteria causing dysentry 2 2019 S
10 Viral diarrhoea 2 2016 S
11 Name 4 diarrhoea causing viruses 2 2015 S
12 Extraintestinal amoebiasis 2 2018 S
13 Mother of a small child was complaining about 2016 S
passing half an inch pale white motile worms in
stool. {ENTEROBIUS
VERMICULARIS}
1. What is the probable diagnosis? 1
2. What sample will you collect from the 1
patient?
3. What do you expect to see in light 4
microscopy?
2
4. What would be the child’s symptoms.
What are the complications expected? 2
14 Giardiasis 5 times 2 2013
2 2018
Cyst of Giardia 2 2014

Giardia lamblia 2 2019

Giardia lamblia 2 2021S2
15 Ascarias lumbricoides 3 times 5 2016
ascariasis 2 2017 S
(Pathogenesis and complications, 5 2015

Lab Dx)
16 Hook worm 2 2018 S
17 Tissue nematodes 2 2017
18 Life cycle of taenia solium 5 2013 S
19 Non bile stained eggs 2 2016 S
20 Eggs of nematodes 2 2015 S
21 Intestinal flagellates 2 2015 S
22 Name 4 parasites causing water borne diseases 2 2015 S
23 Cysticercus cellulosae 2 times 2 2016
2 2017 S
24 Two important complications of ascaris 2 2019 S
lumbricoides infestation
25 Draw the diagram of enterobius vermicularis 2 2020
egg with labelling
26 Name four intestinal nematodes 2 2020
27 NIH swab 2 2021S
28 Difference between amoebic dysentery and 2 2021
bacillary dysentery
29 Tinea capitis 2 2 2019
2021
30 Causative organisms for mycetoma 2 2021
31 Hook worm 2 2018 S
32 Types of diarrhoegenic E. Coli 2 times 2 2016
2015
Enterotoxigenic E. Coli 2 times 2 2017 S
2014
2013

HEPATOBILIARY INFECTIONS
1 A 40 yr old male patient was admitted in the
hospital with fever, loss of appetite, nausea
and yellowish discolouration of sclera and
urine. History revealed that he had received
blood transfusion 2 months back
(Hepatitis B.)
1
1. What is the most probable diagnosis?
2
2. What are the modes of transmission?
4
3. How will you confirm the diagnosis in
laboratory? 2
4. Mention the prophylaxis for this. 1
5. Add a note on carriers of this condition.
A 45 years old patient was admitted to the

hospital with history of loss of appetite,
malaise and jaundice of one month duration.
He also gave history of blood transfusion in the 2020
past. On laboratory examination he was found
to be positive for HBsAg.
• What is the etiological diagnosis 1
• What are the various clinical features 2
• Discuss various routes of transmission of 2
disease
• Describe the laboratory diagnosis of the 3
condition
• What are the prophylactic measures of this 2
condition
2 Lab diagnosis of Hep B infection 5 times 5 2014 S
5 2019 S
2 2017 S
Serological markers of Hep b
2 2018 S
2 2016
3 Enumerate enterically transmitted hepatitis 2 2014
viruses
4 Hepatitis B vaccine 2 20021S2

5 Hydatid disease/cyst 6 times 5 2013

2 2014
2 2014 S
2 2015 S
2 2016 S
Labelled diagram of hydatid cyst 2 2019 S
6 Name two liver flukes 2 2021

MICROBIOLOGY 2


NO. TIMES
APPEARED
SKIN, SOFT TISSUE & MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

1 A young adult male met with an accident on 2015
the high way and sustained severe injury to the
right thigh. O/e there was a foul smelling
discharge and crepitus at some of the areas.
Answer the following: {Gas gangrene}
1
1. What is probable diagnosis?
1
2. Name the etiological agents.
4
3. What are the specimens to be sent for
the laboratory? 2
4. Describe the laboratory diagnosis briefly.
5. What is the prophylaxis? 2
2 Lab diagnosis of actinomycosis 2 2018
3 Group B Streptococci 2 times 2 2017 S
2 2019 S
4 Toxic Shock Sydrome 3 times 2 2015 S
2 2014 S
2 2013 S
5 Coagulase test 2 times 2 2016
2 2014
6 Nagler reaction 2 2 2016
2021S
7 Malignant pustule 2 2 2018 S
2021
8 Coagulase negative staphylococci Normal 2 times 2 2015 S
flora 2
9 Name two important non-suppurative 3 2 2019
complications of streptococcus pyogenes 2021S
2021S2
10 List toxin mediated infections of 2 2021S
staphylococcus aureus

11 A 10 year old boy developed multiple 2021S2

vesicles over the lips and buccal mucosa
scraping taken from the lesion
demonstrated presence of multiple gaint
cells (Tzank cells)
1. What is the most probable 1
diagnosis
2. Discuss the pathogenesis of the 2
above condition
3. How do yo diagnose this infection 3
in laboratory
4. Name four other viruses belonging 2
to the same family
5. What are the other clinical 2
manifestations produced by this
virus
12 Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV1) 2 2016 S
13 Molluscum contagiosum 2 2015
14 Coxsackie viruses 2 2013 S
15 Measles vaccine 2 2019
16 Mycotic mycetoma 3 times 2 2018 S
Lab diagnosis 5 2014 S
5 2021S
17 sporotrichosis 2 2013S
18 Mention four fungi causing subcutaneous 2 2017
mycosis
19 Dermatophytes 5 times 2 2014 S
2 2016 S
Lab diagnosis of dermatophytosis 2 2016
What are dermatophytes and give examples 2 2020
5 2021S2
20 Dermatophytes and lab diagnosis of 5 2019 S
dermatophytosis.
21 Piedra 2 2016
22 Rhinosporidiosis 4 times 2 2014 S
2 2015
2 2019 S

2 2021S2
23 Otomycosis 3 times 2 2014
2 2015
2 2020
24 Tinea versicolor 2 2013
25 Cyclops 3 times 2 2016 S
2019
2021
26 Life cycle of dracunculis medinensis 5 2014
27 Larva currens 2 2021S
28 Visceral larva migrans 2 2021S2
29 Larvae migricans 2 times 5 2015 S
Cutaneous larva miricans 2 2014 S
30 Wool sorter’s disease 2 2013
RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS

1 A 20yr old young male was admitted with h/o 2 2013
fever with evening rise of temperature and
cough since two months. Recently he
developed hemoptysis. Xray showed features
of right lobe consolidation. Answer the
following: {TB}
1. Mention the probable diagnosis and 2
name the causative agent.
2. Describe briefly the methods of lab 4
diagnosis.
3. What are the complications of this 1
disease.
1
4. How is the disease treated?
5. What is the prophylaxis?
A 35 years old female patient was admitted to

2021S
the hospital with low grade fever, loss of
weight and appetite and chronic cough with
expectoration for past 5 months. Microscopic

examination of sputum revealed long, slender 1

and beaded acid fast bacilli. 1
• What is your provisional diagnosis 3
• What is the probable etiological agent
• Describe the pathogenesis of this condition 3
• Discuss the laboratory diagnosis in detail 2
• Mention briefly about the drug resistance
that can occur in this causative agent
2 A 10yr old boy was admitted in pediatric ward 2014 S
with h/o fever, toxaemia and on examination a 2 times
white patch seen on fauces which bleeds on
removal. \he was not immunized properly.
Answer the following:
{DIPHTHERIA}
1. Explain the probable diagnosis and name
the causative agent. 2
2. Describe lab dx mentioning methods of 4
sample collection.
3. Complications of this disease. 1
4. How is the disease treated? 1
5. Describe the method of prohylaxis 2
briefly
Laboratory diagnosis of diphtheria 2

2021
3 Lab diagnosis of pulmonary TB 4 times 2 2018 S
5 2018
Pathogenesis and lab diagnosis of pulmonary 5 2017 S
TB 5 2013 S
4 Mycobacterium avium – intracellular complex 2 2015
5 Satellitism 6 times 2 2018
2 2017
2 2015
2 2014
2 2013 S
2 2019
6 Elek’s test 2 times 2 2013

2 2013 S
7 Bordetella pertussis 2 2013 S
8 BCG vaccine 2 2019
9 Pathogenesis of diphtheria 2 2019
10 Diphtheria toxin 2 2019 S
11 Enumerate at least four differences between 2 2020
streptococcus pneumoniae and streptococcus
viridians
12 DPT vaccine 2 2021S
13 Mantoux test 2 2021S2
14 30 year old male admitted in hospital with h/o 3 2017 S
high grade fever, headache, nasal discharge
and cough and breathing difficulty. Answer the
following:
{INFLUENZA}
1. Name the main group of viruses causing 2
respiratory infections.
2. Classify this group of viruses and 2
describe the morphology and antigenic
structure.
3. What is antigenic shift and antigenic 3
drift? Briefly describe.
4. How do you confirm the diagnosis? 2
5. Name the drugs for treatment. 1
2013 S
Antigenic shift in influenza virus 2 2021
Antigenic variation in influenza virus 2
15 Antigenic shift 2 2017
16 Draw the morphological structure of influenza 2 times 2 2014 S
virus 2 2018
17 Elusion 2 2020
18
UROGENITAL TRACT INFECTIONS

1 A 25yr old man came to STD OPD with h/o 2017
white pus discharging through urethra for past

2 days. He gave h/o exposure about 5 days

back. O/e signs of urethritis were seen.
Answer: {Gonococcal urethritis}
• Mention probable diagnosis and 1
Causative agent.
• List the specimens to be collected and 2
how it is transported to the laboratory.
3
• Briefly describe the lab diagnosis.
1
• What are the complications?
2
• How is it treated and add a note on
prevention.
2 A 20 yr old lady presented with frequency in
passing urine and pain during micturition along 3 times 2015 S
with fever for last 5 days. Microscopy of urine
showed plenty of pus cells and bacilli. Answer
the following: {UTI}
1. What is your diagnosis? 1
2. Name of common bacteria causing this 2
condition.
1
3. What is significant bacteriuria?
4. How will you confirm diagnosis in 4
laboratory?
5. What are the screening techniques for 2
presumptive diagnosis of significant
bacteriuria?
2
Lab diagnosis of UTI
A 25 years old female patient came to medical 2018

OP with history of high grade fever with chills
rigor. She also complaints of painful
micturition.
•What is your provisional diagnosis 1
•Name four common bacteria causing 2019 S
this condition 2

•Describe in detail the sample collection,

transport and processing for the 2
laboratory diagnosis for the condition
•Name four drugs used for treating this 1
patient
•What are the predisposing factors for
the above condition
3 Pathogenesis and Lab diagnosis of syphilis 5 2013

4 Heamophilus ducreyi 2 2017 S
5 Non gonococcal urethritis 3 times 2 2016 S
2015
2021S2
6 Lymphogranuloma Venereum 2 2016
7 Chlamydial conjuctivitis 2 times 2 2013
2019
8 Rapid Plasma Reagin Test 2 times 2 2016 S
2019
9 Name 4 STDs and causative agents. 2 2018 S
10 Acinetobacter 2 times 2 2016 S
Acinetobacter baumanni 2 2014
11 TRIC agents 2 2015 S
12 Name two important non-suppurative 3 2 2019
complications of streptococcus pyogenes 2021S
2021S2
13 Name four different bacteria causing urinary 2 2021S
tract infection
14 Define significant bacteriuria. Two examples of 2 2021
bacteria causing UTI
15 Trichomonas vaginalis 2 2015
CNS INFECTIONS
1 A 4 years child presented with history of fever, 2020
neck rigidity and altered sensorium for the last
48 hours. He was admitted in the hospital for
evaluation. CSF was collected and examined

for cell morphology, protein and sugar. Answer

the following:
• What is the probable diagnosis? 1
{Bacterial meningitis}
• Name the bacterial etiologic agents causing 2
this condition.
• How will you proceed with the lab diagnosis. 3
• What are the virulence factors associated
with this and describe the pathogenesis 3
• What measures can you take to prevent this
condition? 1
2 CAMP reaction 2 2016 S
3 Listeria monocytogenes 2 2013 S
4 Laboratory diagnosis of bacterial meningitis 5 2021
5 A 27yr old male was admitted in intensive 2016
medical care unit with drooling of saliva and
fear for intake of liquids since morning. There
was a past h/o dog bite on his right leg ten
days back (RABIES.)
1) What is the provisional diagnosis? 1
2) Discuss briefly about the pathogenesis 4
of the above clinical condition.
3) Describe the laboratory investigations 2
confirm the diagnosis.
4) Explain the prophylaxis of this condition. 2
A 20 years old male patient was admitted in
hospital with the complaints of difficulty in
swallowing liquids, loss of appetite and 2021S
restlessness. He gave history of dog bite by a
street dog one month back.
• What is the diagnosis of this condition 1
• Discuss the pathogenesis 3
• Describe the laboratory diagnosis of the 3
condition
• What are the post exposure prophylactic 3
measures of this condition

6 A one year old child presented with h/o 2014

inability to move the limbs associated with
neck stiffness following a bout of fever.
Immunisation h/o was not available. O/ the
child had flaccid paralysis. {POLIO}
1) What is the probable clinical diagnosis. 2
Name the etiologic agent.
3
2) Describe the pathogenesis of the
disease. 5
3) How is it diagnosed in the lab and
mention the prophylaxis available.
7 Rabies vaccine and latest schedule for 5 times 2 2018 S
immunization 2015
Name non neural vaccines for preventing 2 2018
rabies and pre exposure prophylaxis 2013
Prophylaxis of rabies 2 2016S
8 Coxsackie viruses 2 2013 S
9 Slow virus diseases 2 2017
10 prions 2 2013 S
11 Negri bodies 2 times 2 2013 S
2 2019 S
12 Prophylaxis of poliomyelitis 2 times 2 2016
5 2015 S
13 List two important differences between live 2 2019
and killed polio virus vaccines
14 Vaccines used to prevent poliomyelitis with 2 2019 S
immunization schedule.
15 Pulse polio programme 2 2020
16 Nipah virus 2 2021S
17 Cryptococcus neoformans 5 times 5 2018 S
5 2020
Cryptococcosis 5 2021
2 2018
Lab diagnosis 2 2016
2 2016 S
2 2017 S

18 Toxoplasmosis 2 2018S
19 Free living amoebae 2 2017
20 Name causative agent, infective form and 2 2018
complications of neurocysticercosis
21 Cryptosporidium 4 times 2 2013
2 2014
2 2014 S
2 2016 S
22 Naegleri fowleri 2 2014 S
23 Acanthamoeba 2 2014
24 Prophylaxis of tetanus 2 2013
25 Aseptic meningitis 2 2017
26 Intermediate and definitive host for toxoplasma 2 2014
gondii
MISCELLANEOUS INFECTIVE SYNDROMES

OPPURTUNISTIC INFECTIONS
1 A 52 year old female with history of long 2019
standing diabetes mellitus on treatment
presents to OPD with white patches in the oral
mucous membrane. Scrapings obtained from
the lesion showed gram positive budding yeast
cells. Answer the following:
• What is the clinical diagnosis amd the 2
probable etiological agent.
• What are the other clinical 3
manifestation caused by this organism.
• Describe the lab diagnosis of this clinical
condition 4
• What will be the appropriate line of
treatment. 1
2 Lab Dx of aspergillosis 2 2018 S
3 Candida infection 5 times 2 2013
2 2017 S
Lab Dx of candidiasis 5 2015

5 2013 S
2 2018 S
4 Oppurtunistic fungal infections 2 times 5 2018
2
5 Aspergillosis 2 2017S
6 Penicillosis 3 times 2 2015 S
2 2019 S
2 2021S
7 Germ tube test 3 times 2 2015 S
2021S
2021S2
8 Mucormycosis 2 2013
9 Opportunistic parasitic infection 2 2017 S
ZOONOTIC INFECTIONS
1 Q fever 2 times 2 2016 S
2 2013 S
2 Scrub Typhus 2 2015
3 Lyme disease 2 2014 S
4 Relapsing fever 2 2019 S
5 Avian influenza 2 2018 S
6 Casoni’s intradermal test 2 2021S
7 Name causative agent &transmitting vector of 2 2018 S
plague.
ONCOGENIC VIRUSES
1 Papilloma virus 2 2014 S

PATHOLOGY 1

SL TOPICS NO OF MARKS YEAR

NO.
TIMES
APPEARED
CELL INJURY AND ADAPTATION
1 Hyperplasia 2 times 0.5 2017 S
0.5 2014
2 Hypertrophy 2 2013 S
3 Metaplasia 6 times 2 2019
0.5 2018S
0.5 2018
4 2016 S
4 2016
0.5 2014 S
4 Differentiation and anaplasia 4 2018 S
5 Define atrophy 0.5 2015 S
6 Abscess 0.5 2013
7 Autophagy 0.5 2017
8 Fatty liver 4 2013
9 Types of calcification 4 2021
10 Dystrophic calcification with examples 5 times 2 2019
4 2016
4 2013 S
0.5 2014
2 2021S
11 Differences between dystrophic and metastatic 4 2018
calcification
12 Define necrosis. 1 time+ 0.5 1 2016 S
Essay sub+ 2016
13 Types of gangrene and describe gas gangrene 3 times 4 2017 S
Define gangrene 0.5 2018 S
0.5 2016
14 Free radicals 3 times 4 2017
0.5 2021S
Role of free radical in cell injury 4 2014 S
4 2019 S
15 Apoptosis 2 times 4 2014
Mechanism of apoptosis 2

16 Define reversible and irreversible cell injury. Essay 1 2015

Pathogenesis of irreversible cell injury? Types 3
of necrosis and gangrene 4
17 types of necrosis with examples 1 time+ 4 2018 S
Essay sub+ 4 2016
How does it differ from apoptosis 1 time+ 4 2015 S
Essay sub 3 2016
18 Define and classify necrosis. Describe 4 2020
morphology of coagulative necrosis.
19 Endogenous pigments 2 2014
Name two endogenous pigments 0.5 2021S
0.5 2021S2
20 Lipofuscin 0.5 2013
21 Differences between necrosis and apoptosis 2 4 2021S
4 2021S2
INFLAMMATION AND HEALING

1 Chemotaxis Define 2 times 2 2016
0.5 2013 S
2 Transudate v/s Exudate 4 2015
3 Primary wound healing 4 2016 S
4 Healing by secondary intention 2 2016
5 Causes of impaired wound healing 4 2015 S
6 Enumerate types of wound healing. 1 2018
Mechanism of wound healing factors 3
influencing it. 2
note on fracture healing 2
7 Factors influencing wound healing 2 2 2020
2 2021S2
8 Define inflammation. 2 Essay+ 1 2017 S
The vascular and cellular events in acute 3+4 2014 S
inflammation.
Outcomes of inflammation
1 time+ 0.5 2016 S
Cardinal signs of inflammation 1 time 2 2014
Vascular changes in inflammation

9 What are the outcomes of acute inflammation Essay sub 3 2014 S

10 Enumerate three major components of acute 2 2017
inflammation (Ans in Robbins). Discuss in detail
vascular events in acute inflammation. Add a 4
note on endothelial and leukocyte adhesion
2
molecules.
11 Mention two leukocyte adhesion molecules 0.5 2021
12 Draw langhan giant cell 0.5 2016
13 Define Granuloma. Essay+ 1 2015 S
morphology of classical granuloma. 3 times 2
Discuss the evolution of granulomatous 3
inflammation.
3 examples of granulomatous diseases 2
Microscopic appearance of granuloma
Define granuloma 2 2013 S
Granulation tissue 4 2013
2 2018 S
14 Cellular events in acute inflammation 4 2019 S
15 Chemical mediators of acute inflammation. 4 2020
16 Vasoactive amines 4 2021S2
17 Giant cells 2 2021
INFECTIONS AND INFESTATIONS

1 Lepromatous leprosy 2 times 2 2019
2 2018
2 Classify leprosy 2 2013
3 Define and classify leprosy. Enumerate the 2 2021
differences in pathology in the various types 4
of leprosy. Mention two diagnostic tests in 2
leprosy.
4 Ghons complex 3 times 4 2017S
4 2014
4 2021
5 Miliary TB 4 2016 S
6 Draw Langhans giant cell 0.5 2016
7 Oppurtunistic infections 2 2014

8 Actinomycosis 2 2015
9 Viral hemorrhagic fever 2 2017
10 A 14 years old boy presented with fever,
cervical lymphadenopathy, rashes, mild
hepatomegaly. No bleeding manifestations.
TC 20000cells/mm3, predominantly 2016
lymphocytes in peripheral blood. Answer the 1
following : 2
a) What is your provisional diagnosis? 2
(IMN) 1
b) What are the confirmatory tests?
c) What is the complication?
d) What is the etiologic agent?
11 35 yr old male had low grade evening rise of 2014 S
temperature loss of weight, cough and
weakness. Answer the following(TB) 1
What are the probable clinical diagnosis? 2
a) What are the investigations required for
the diagnosis. 2
b) What is the microscopic findings? 1
c) What is the etiology of the disease?
A 60- year old male presented with history of

fever, cough and weight loss since two 2020
months. Chest X-ray showed cavitary lesion in
the right apical lobe and ESR 120 mm / hr.
Answer the following.
• What is the provisional diagnosis?
• Discuss etiopathogenesis and morphology of 1
the same. 4
• Mention the laboratory investigations
1
12 Cysticercosis 2 2019 S
13 List two tumors caused by Epstein-Barr-virus. 0.5 2020
14 Rhinosporidiosis 2 2021
15 Reactivation tuberculosis 2 2021S2

NEOPLASIA
1 Chemical carcinogenesis 2 times 4 2015 S
4 2018
2 Radiation and cancer 4 2016
3 Oncogenes 4 2014
4 Mode of spread of malignant tumors with 4 2013 S
suitable examples
5 Pathways of cancer spread 2 2017
6 Benign v/s Malignant tumors 2 2017 S
7 Anaplasia 2 2013
8 Dysplasia 3 times 0.5 2017
0.5 2015
2 2019 S
9 Cytology in diagnosis of cancer 4 2017 S
10 List two tumor markers 2 times 0.5 2018
0.5 2013 S
11 EBV induced tumors in humans 2 2014 S
12 Viral oncogenes 4 2019
13 Nam 4 carcinogenic viruses 2 2016 S
14 Opportunistic infections 2 2014
15 Define metastasis. Describe the pathways of 8 2019 S
spread of tumors with examples. Explain
mechanism of metastasis.
16 Mechanism of cancer metastasis 4 2021S
17 Two radiation induced disorders. 0.5 2019 S
18 Outline the differences between benign and 2 4 2020
malignant tumors. 2021
19 Tumor markers 4 2021S2
20 Mention two turnor suppressor genes 0.5 2021S2
HEMODYNAMICS
1 Virchow’s triad 2 times 2 2018
2 2014 S
2 Fate of thrombus 2 times 0.5 2017 S
0.5 2016 S
3 Septic shock 4 2013

4 Lines of zahn 0.5 2018 S

5 Morphology of infarction 4 2017
6 Types of infarcts 0.5 2021
7 Pathogenesis of renal oedema 4 2O14 S
8 Thromboembolism 2 2016
9 Define an embolus. essay 1 2013
Types of emboli (2) 3
etiopathogenesis, morphology 3+1
and complications of embolism.
Define thrombosis. Explain the 1. 1+5+1 2020

pathophysiology and morphology of
thrombosis. Add a note on the fate of
thrombus.
10 Define shock. essay 1 2016 S
Four types of shock. Morphological 2
changes in various organs in shock. 3
Pathogenesis of septic shock.
2
11 50 year old male presented with altered Short 2019
sensorium, cyanosis, oliguria, weak rapid essay
pulse, tachypnea and cool clammy
extremities. Answer the following:
• What is the provisional 1
diagnosis.(Shock) 2
• Discuss the etiopathogenesis 3
• Mention the organs involved and
describe the pathology in the lung.
Define shock. Describe the various types of 1

shock with specific reference to the etiology. 4 2021S2
Discuss the pathogenesis of any one type of 3
shock.
12 Define thrombosis. essay 2014
Pathogenesis 3
pathology of arterial and venous thrombosis 3

13 50yr old female underwent abdominal

surgery and was bedridden for 10 days. She 2013 S
suddenly developed dyspnea and collapsed.
She died a few minutes later. Answer the
following. 1
a) What is the diagnosis? ((Pulmonary
2
thromboembolism due to DVT)
2
b) What are the postmortem findings
1
relevant to the diagnosis?
c) What is the etiopathogenesis?
d) What are the preventive measures?
14 55 year old man presented with generalized
edema and shortness of breath. On
2015 S
examination he has distended jugular veins.
He gives previous history of rheumatic heart
disease
a) Diagnosis? (Right heart Failure- CVC) 1

b) Describe gross and microscopic
features of liver , spleen , lung 3
c) Pathogenesis of edema in this case
2
15 50 years old male presented with chest pain 2017
and palpitation. On admission he was
severely dyspneic. On the 2nd day of
admission he developed hemiplegia. Answer
the following: 1
a) What is your diagnosis? (SYSTEMIC
3
THROMBOEMBOLISM due to atrial
fibrillation) 2
b) Explain the pathogenesis of his
dyspnea
c) What is the likely cause of his
hemiplegia?
16 A 50-year old male suffered fracture of left 2019 S
femur in road traffic accident and was

treated. 10 days later, he suddenly collapsed

and died. Answer the following questions. 1
• What is the diagnosis.(Bone marrow
embolism) 3
• Discuss the etiopathogenesis of the
same. 2
• What are the post-mortem and
morphological findings?
17 A 45 years old woman underwent abdominal 2021S
surgery and was bedridden for 10 days. She
suddenly developed dyspnea, collapsed and
died within a few minutes.
• What is your diagnosis 1
• Describe the etiopathogenesis of the 3
condition.
• What are the likely postmortem findings 2
18 Air embolism 2 2021
19 What are heart failure cells 0.5 2021S2
20 Nutmeg liver 2 0.5 2019S
2021S
IMMUNOLOGY
1 Hypersensitivity reactions 2 4 2018
2020
2 Type I hypersensitivity reactions 2 2017 S
3 Type 3 hypersensitivity reaction 4 2018 S
4 Delayed hypersensitivity reactions 0.5 2015
5 Anaphylaxis 0.5 2015 S
6 Mediators of immediate hypersensitivity 4 2017
7 Anti-nuclear antibodies 2 2016 S
8 Spleen in amyloidosis 4 2016
9 Define amyloidosis and classify it. Describe the 1+2+3+2 2021S
physical and chemical nature of amyloid. Add a
note on staining characteristics of amyloid.
10 Physical and chemical nature of amyloid 4 2019
11 Lab diagnosis of AIDS 4 2019

12 Sago spleen 0.5 2015 S

13 Pathogenesis of CNS lesions in HIV infection 2 2015
14 HIV associated changes in immune function 2 2015 S
15 Immunological basis of transplant rejection 4 2019 S
16 Mechanism of recognition and rejection of essay 5 2018 S
allograft
Morphology in various types of kidney 3
17 30 year old male truck driver presented with 2018
history of fever & cough since 3 weeks,
progressive fatigue and weight loss of about 10
kg during the last 6 months. O/E: he had
generalized lymphadenopathy. Warts on hands
and genitals. CNS: Neck stiffness +, kernig’s
sign positive.
RS: crepitations+. He died after 2 days
a) Diagnosis? (HIV) 1
b) Explain etiopathogenesis 3
c) What is the probable cause of death? 2
A 25 years old male drug abuser came to the

hospital with generalized lymphadenopathy,
chronic diarrhea, loss of weight and mucosal
candidiasis. There is a fall in CD4 cell count.
Answer the following:
• What is the pathogenesis of this condition 2
• Discuss the pathology of the organs involved 2
• List four investigations to be done 1
18 30 year old female complaining of fever, 2017 S
butterfly rash on face, pain in knee joint , chest
pain and having photosensitivity . Answer the
following 1
a) Provisional diagnosis? (SLE) 2
b) Discuss etiopahogenesis 2
c) What are specific diagnostic criteria? 1
d) Describe the morphology of kidney in this
disease

A 25 years old woman presented with fever,

joint pains, and chest pain and butterfly rash 2021S2
over the face. This rash exhibits
photosensitivity. Answer the following:
• What is your diagnosis and mention the 1
reason
• What is the etiopathogenesis of this 2
condition
• Describe the pathology of the kidney in 1
this disease
• List four investigations to be done 2
19 Define amyloidosis. Essay + 1 2013 S
Explain gross and microscopic features of 4
organs involved in secondary amyloidosis.
Mention the special stains for amyloid. 3
1 time
Pathogenesis 4 2021
20 Special stains for amyloid 0.5 2020
21 Opportunistic infections in acquired 2 2021S
immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
22 Erythroblastosis foetalis 4 2019
ENVIRONMENTAL AND NUTRITIONAL DISEASES

1 Manifestations of vitamin D deficiency 2 2018
2 Manifestations of Vitamin A deficiency 2 2015
3 Scurvy 2 0.5 2017 S
2 2020
4 Rickets 2 2 2015 S
2 2021S2
5 Skeletal changes in rickets 2 times 2 2018 S
0.5 2016 S
6 Blood and bone marrow changes in lead 2 2017
poisoning 2021S
Lead poisoning
7 Lesions in Vitamin A deficiency 2 2 2019 S
2 2021S

GENETICS & PAEDIATRIC DISEASES

1 Turners syndrome 2 times 4 2017 S
2 2019 S
2 Balanced translocation 2 2015 S
3 Klinefelter’s syndrome 4 2019
4 Four autosomal dominant diseases 0.5 2019
5 Barr body 2 times 0.5 2014 S
0.5 2019
6 Fetal hydrops 0.5 2018S
7 Mention four inherited disorders 0.5 2020
8 Down syndrome 2 4 2021
2 2021S2
9 List two lysosomal disorders 0.5 2021
10 Stem cell 0.5 2021S2
RBC AND PLATELET DISORDERS

1 Hemophilia 2 times 4 2018
4 2013
2 Disseminated intravascular coagulation 4 2021S
3 Two haematological evidences of DIC 2 2013
4 Sickle cell anemia 4
5 Principle of Sickling test 0.5 2015
6 Lab diagnosis of Megaloblastic Anemia 3 times 4 2015 S
Megaloblast 2 2014
2 2019
7 Bone marrow findings in megaloblastic 4 2020
anemia
8 Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura 2 times 4 2015 S
4
9 Target cell 0.5 2015 S
10 Lab diagnosis of thalassemia 2 2013
11 Lab diagnosis of immune thrombocytopenic 4 2016 S
purpura
12 Etiology of aplastic anemia 4 2017
13 Heinz bodies 0.5 2017 S

14 Clotting time 2 2014

15 Complications of blood transfusion 4 2018 S
16 Name two hemoparasites 0.5 2014
17 List two causes of extra medullary hemopoiesis 2 2016 S
18 A young boy of 3 was admitted for complaints 2times 2016
of yellowish discolouration of eyes. He has past
history of repeated blood transfusions. On
examination severe pallor and splenomegaly
present. X ray showed crew cut appearance.
Peripheral smear showed microcytic Four
conditions associated with development of 1
osteosarcoma hypochromic RBCs. 3
2
• Most probable diagnosis? (THALASSEMIA)
• Describe the lab diagnosis
• What is the pathogenesis?
A two years old female child presented with 2020

pallor, growth retardation and history of
repeated transfusions. There was malocclusion
of jaws with skull X ray showing “hair on end
appearance” and hepatosplenomegaly. Answer
the following
• What is the etiopathogenesis of this 2
condition 2
• What are the peripheral smear findings 1
• What are the bone marrow findings
19 18 year old lady presented with fatigue. 2016 S
Investigations Hb 5g/dl TC 10,000/cmm
platelet count 1.8 lakh/cmm. MCV 60fl MCH
20pg.(microcytic hypochromic anaemia)
1
• What is your morphological diagnosis? 2
• Describe the peripheral blood picture 1
• Name the conditions in which this blod
picture is seen 2

• How will you differentiate the above two

conditions with lab tests?
20 Lab diagnosis of Hemophilia A 4 2019 S
21 Direct coombs test 0.5 2019 S
22 Packed cell volume 2 2020
23 Macropolycyte 0.5 2021
WBC DISORDERS
1 Lab investigations for diagnosis of acute 4 2016
leukemia
2 Peripheral smear findings in CLL 4 2016 S
3 Auer rod 2 times 0.5 2018 S
0.5 2013
4 Myelodysplastic syndrome 0.5 2016
5 Leukemoid reaction 2 times 2 2017 S
4 2013 S
6 Russel body 0.5 2014 S
7 Mott cell 2 times 0.5 2016 S
0.5 2015
8 Blood and bone marrow picture in multiple 4 2018 S
myeloma
9 Define Acute myeloid leukemia. 2 TIMES 1 2017 S
Classify AML essay 3 2017
and mention the blood picture and clinical 4
features
3
Indicate the importance of cytogenetics in
AML.
1
Draw the blood picture of acute promyelocytic
leukemia
10 A 53 year old male presented with pain 2014
abdomen. Investigations: Hb 8g/dl TC 3 times 2013
70,000/cmm DC N 55 L 10 myelocyte 15 essay
metamyelo 10 band 1 eosino 6 baso 3 platelet
count 5.8 lakh/cmm. Answer the following:

*what is the diagnosis? (CML) 1

*Describe the peripheral blood picture and 4
bone marrow findings in this condition
*Name the cytogenetic abnormality associated 1
50 year old male presented with weakness, 2015

pallor and massive splenomegaly. Blood
examination revealed marked increase in the
total count.
• Diagnosis? (CML)
• What are the peripheral smear 1
findings? 2
• What is the genetic abnormality?
• What are the different stages of 1
disease progression? 2
A 60 year old male patient was brought to the 2019 S
hospital with history of weakness and lethargy
since 6 months. On examination he had mild
pallor and massive splenomegaly extending up
to the umbilicus. He had no palpable lymph
nodes. Lab reports showed a total WBC count
of 1.5 lakh cells/mm3.
• Discuss the lab diagnosis of the condition 4
• Name the molecular test that you would
do to confirm your diagnosis. 1
11 Five year old boy presented with recurrent 2014 S
fever, generalized lymphadenopathy,
hepatosplenomegaly and severe anemia. His
total WBC count was more than a lakh with
numerous blasts. Answer the following:
(acute lymphoblastic leukemia)
• Diagnosis? 2
• Describe the types of blast with diagram 2
• What is the bone marrow picture in this
condition? 2

12 Chronic myeloid leukemia 4 2021S2

13 Leukaemoid reaction 4 2021
LYMPHORETICULAR SYSTEM
1 Hodgkin’s lymphoma 4 2021
2 Types of Hodgkins lymphoma 2 times 4 2017 S
2 2019
3 Reed Sternberg cell 2 times 0.5 2014
0.5 2013 S
CLINICAL PATHOLOGY, BLOOD BANK & TRANSFUSION

1 Tests done in feces 2 2018
2 PCV 0.5 2017 S
3 Two uses of PCV tube 0.5 2014 S
4 ESR 5 times 4 2017
2 2016 S
2 2016
4 2015
5 2021S
5 CSF findings in pyogenic meningitis 3 times 4 2018
2 2016 S
2 2014 S
6 CSF findings in meningitis 4 2013 S
7 2 times 4 2013
CSF in tuberculous meningitis 0.5 2014
8 Uses of buffy coat 2 2013 S
9 3 times 0.5 2017
0.5 2015
Mention two anticoagulants 2 2021
10 Anticoagulants used to preserve blood in blood 4 2020
bank
11 urinary casts 4 times 2 2018 S
4 2014
0.5 2014 S
2 2020
12 Microscopic examination of urine 2 4 2015 S

4 2021S2
13 Name parasites seen in peripheral blood smear 0.5 2018
14 Staining of peripheral blood film 4 2015
15 How do you screen a blood donor? Mention 4 2013 S
the screening tests performed.
16 Types of blood grouping 2 2017
Bombay blood group 0.5 2019
17 Transfusion transmitted diseases 2 2015 S
18 Blood transfusion reaction 4 2016 S
19 Renal causes of hematuria 2 2013 S
20 Enumerate two causes of proteinuria 2 times 0.5 2018
0.5 2014
21 Ketonuria 2014 S
22 Frozen section 2 2017 S
23 2 times 2 2015
Exfoliative cytology 2 2019
24 2 times 2 2018 S
FNAC 0.5 2013 S
25 Lipoma 0.5 2013
26 Special stains for fat 0.5 2019
27 Aim of Rothera’s Test 0.5 2013
28 Principle of Benedicts test 0.5 2016
29 Coombs Test 4 2014 S
30 Principle of reagent strip test for glycosuria 0.5 2015 S
31 Leishmans Stain 2 2013
32 Semen analysis 4 2014 S
33 Define oligospermia 0.5 2013 S
34 Characteristics of normal seminal fluid 2 2014
35 2 times 4 2018 S
Normal reticulocyte count 0.5 2016
36 Reticulocyte 0.5 2021S
37 Causes of thrombocytopenia 2 2013
38 Define fixed specific gravity 0.5 2015
39 Two basic forms of ECF matrix 0.5 2017
40 40 yr old female complained of easy fatigue 2013
and dyspnea. PCV 25% and Hb 5gm/dl. MCV

40fl, MCH 10pg, MCHC 18g/dl. Reticulocyte

count 5%. Answer the following:
1
a) What is your diagnosis (Fe deficiency
2
anemia)
b) What is the etiopathogenesis of this
condition 2
c) What are the lab findings?
41 A 30 year old man presented with tiredness 2014
and numbness of feet. Investigations showed
Hb 6gm/dl. TC 3500/mm3. MCV 104fl. Answer
the following:
1
a) What is your diagnosis (Megaloblastic
anemia) 3
b) Describe the peripheral blood picture?
2
c) What are the causes of this condition
42 A 5 years old boy was admitted with history of 2016 S
oliguria, facial edema and dark coloured urine.
His BP was 140/100 mm of Hg. Answer the
following:
a. What is your provisional diagnosis? (Acute 1

glomerulonephritis probably due to
streptococcal infection) 2
b. What are the laboratory findings in urine 3
examination in this patient?
c. How do you examine urinary sediments
and describe the sediments seen in urine
43 Hematocrit 4 2019 S
44 Indications of direct Coomb’s test 0.5 2019 S
45 Causes of heavy proteinuria 0.5 2019 S
46 List two indications for bone-marrow aspiration 0.5 2020
study
47 Mention two urine tests for uncontrolled 0.5 2021
diabetes
48 Pap smear 2 2017 S

PATHOLOGY 2

SL TOPICS NO.OF MARKS YEAR

NO.
TIMES
APPEARED
HEART AND BLOOD VESSELS
1 Define infarction. Essay 1 2014 S
Discuss the etiopathogenesis, 3
morphology and 3
complications of MI 1
2 Aschoff body 2times 2 2015
Aschoff nodule 0.5 2016
0.5 2021S
3 Define Rheumatic fever. essay 1 2015 S
Etiopathogenesis and 3
Pathology of Rheumatic heart disease 4
4 Define atherosclerosis. 1 2021
Describe the risk factors, etiopathogenesis, and 1
morphology of atherosclerosis 3
3
5 Define infective endocarditis. 1
Describe etiopathogenesis, morphology and 3+3+1
complications of infective endocarditis.
6 Migratory thrombophlebitis 0.5 2015 S
7 Vegetations in bacterial endocarditis 3 times 4 2016
Subacute bacterial endocarditis 4 2018
Vegetations of heart valves 2 2018 S
8 Berry aneurysm 2 times 2 2018
0.5 2017
9 Atheroma of aorta 0.5 2013 S
10 Enzyme study in acute MI 2 2013 S
11 Rheumatic carditis 2 2019
12 Morphology of atherosclerotic plaque 2 2019 S
13 Types of aneurysms 4 2020
14 Causes of L.V.F 0.5 2021S
LUNG
1 Curschman spirals 0.5 2014 S

2 Emphysema 2 times 4 ,6 2015

2019
3 Define emphysema. Enumerate the types of 1+3+4 2021S
emphysema. Describe the etiopathogenesis of
any one of them.
4 Bronchiectasis 3 times 4 2015 S
4 2021
Etiopathogenesis 4 2016S
5 Mesothelioma 2 2017
6 Lung abcess 2 2 2014
4 2021S2
7 Morphology of lobar puemonia 4 2018 S
8 COPD-Definition and types 1+1 2019
9 Grey hepatisation 0.5 2018
KIDNEY
1 A 50 year old old man came with complaints of 2013
painless haematuria and pain in the right flank
since one month and gave h/o loss of weight of
about 10kg in the last 6 months. O/e a right sided
flank mass is palpable on bimanual examination
1
• Diagnosis (renal carcinoma)
2
• Etiopathogenesis
3
• Morphology of lesion
60 years old male having fever, weight loss 2021S

presented with painless hematuria, flank pain,
palpable mass left renal angle. C.T. scan
confirmed a specific organ mass lesion. Regional
lymph nodes and renal vein involvement. Chest
radiography shows cannon ball secondaries.
Answer the following
• What is provisional diagnosis 1
• Discuss the etiopathogenesis 2
• Describe the morphology 2
1

• Mention the various para neoplastic syndromes

produced by this lesion
2 Renal cell carcinoma 4 2021
3 Classify tumors of kidney. Essay+ 2 2016 S
gross and microscopy of most common renal 1 time 3+3 2013
tumor in adults
Renal cell carcinoma 4
4 Post streptococcal glomerulonephritis 1 time+ 4 2014 S
Etiology and pathogenesis essay 5 2018 S

Morphology of kidney in post strep 3
glomerulonephritis
5 Nephroblastoma (Wilms tumor) 2 times 2 2015
4 2013 S
6 Gross features of polycystic kidney 2 2015 S
7 Myeloma kidney 2 2017 S
8 Acute glomerulonephritis 4 2014
9 Types of nephrolithiasis Staghorn renal 2 times 2 2013 S
calculi 2 2018 S
10 Chronic Glomerulonephritis (Etiology 4 2019
and Morphology)
11 Glomerular lesions in diabetic 4 2019 S
nephropathy
Renal changes in Diabetes mellitus 4 2021S2
12 Diabetic nephropathy 2 2020
13 What are the manifestations of nephrotic essay 2 2019 S
syndrome? Discuss the light microscopic findings 5
in post streptococcal glomerulonephritis. Add a 1
note on the findings on immunofluorescence
ORAL CAVITY AND GIT

1 Salivary gland tumors 4 2017
2 Pre cancerous lesions of intestine 0.5 2017
3 Paraneoplastic syndrome 0.5 2014
4 Helicobacter pylori gastritis 4 2018 S
Helicobacter pylori 0.5 2018

5 Helicobacter pylori associated lesions

6 Warthin tumor 0.5 2018
7 Microscopic features to distinguish Crohn 4 2019
disease from ulcerative colitis S
8 Factors influencing H pylori virulence 2 2019 S
9 Carcinoid 2 times 2 2014
0.5 2013
10 Leukoplakia 3 times 0.5 2016
0.5 2015
0.5 2014 S
11 Ulcerative colitis Gross and microscopy 2 times 2015
Etiopathogenesis 2 2013 S
4
12 Barrets esophagus 3 times 0.5 2015
Barret esophagitis 0.5 2019
0.5 2020
13 Histology of Barrett’s esophagus 0.5 2021S
14 Morphology of Crohns disease 4 2017 S
15 Classify tumors of stomach essay 1 2013 S
Etiopathogenesis of ca stomach 3
Gross and microscopic features and 4
Modes of spread
16 A 72 years old male presented with changes in 2015 S
the bowel habit, bleeding per rectum, loss of
weight, fatigue and weakness of six months
duration. After endoscopic biopsy of colon, a left
sided hemicolectomy was done. (colorectal
carcinoma)
1
• Diagnosis?
2
• Etiopathogenesis?
2
• Gross and microscopic features of
resected colon 1
• Mention the serological marker which is
increased
A 65-year old male presented with change in

bowel habits, loss of weight, loss of appetite, 2021S2

weakness, and malaise since one year. After an

endoscopic biopsy of the colon, left
hemicolectomy was done. Answer the following.
• What is the clinical diagnosis? 1
• Describe the etiology and morphology of 4
the lesion.
• Molecular mechanism. 1
17 49 year old male complaints of abdominal pain 2017 S
after taking food. He has a previous history of
hematemesis. 1
• Indicate two differential diagnosis
(GASTRIC CANCER AND PEPTIC ULCER) 3
• Mention two diagnostic tests which may
3
be useful in this patient
1
• Enumerate two etiologic factors
• Discuss briefly the progress of disease if
untreated
18 Define early gastric cancer 0.5 2020
19 Inflammatory bowel disease 4 2020
20 Pleomorphic adenoma 4 2021S
21 Crohn’s disease 2 2021
22 Name four salivary gland tumors 0.5 2021
LIVER AND GALL BLADDER, PANCREAS

1 A 45 year old male was admitted with
complaints of yellowish discolouration of eyes
and distension of abdomen since 15days. USG 2015
abdomen shows contracted liver with loss of
architecture and splenomegaly. Patient is
chronic alcoholic since 15 years. Answer the
following:
a) Most probable diagnosis (CIRRHOSIS) 1
b) Describe gross and microscopic features of 2
organs involved.
2

c) Name the lab investigation to be done in

this case and the expected variation in this
1
values.
List three complications of the above condition.
2 Morphology of hepatocellular carcinoma 2 4 2021S
Hepatocellular carcinoma 4 2021S2
3 Cholelithiasis 2 times 4 2015 S
2 2013
4 Define cirrhosis and classify Essay+ 2 2018
Etiopathogenesis of Cirrhosis 3
Morphology of alcoholic liver disease 3
3 times 2016
Etiopathogenesis of cirrhosis 4
2013
Cirrhosis 0.5
2014
Causes of cirrhosis 0.5
5 Chronic Venous Congestive liver 4 2014 S
6 Hepatoblastoma 2 2018 S
7 Pigment stones 0.5 2014 S
8 Gall stones types and complications 4 times 2 2017
2 2016
Gall stone types 0.5 2019
2 2020
9 Chronic active hepatitis etiology and microscopic 4 2017
picture
10 Mallory body 0.5 2017 S
11 Pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis 4 2019 S
12 Four causes of cirrhosis liver 0.5 2021
MALE GENITAL SYSTEM

1 Seminoma 4 times 2 2016 S
4 2014
Microscopic appearance of seminoma 2 2015 S
Histomorphology of classical seminoma 2 2018 S
2 Classify tumors of the testis. Discuss the 3+2+3 2020
etiopathogenesis and describe the gross and
microscopic picture of the most common
malignant tumor of the testis.

3 Reinke crystals 0.5 2016 S

4 Mention two pre-cancerous lesions of penis 3 0.5 2017 S
Premalignant lesions of penis 2 2021S
0.5 2021
5 Testicular tumors 4 2019
FEMALE GENITAL SYSTEM AND BREAST

1 Hydatidiform Mole 2 times 4 2013
0.5 2016 S
2 Cystic teratoma 2 times 2 2018
2 2014 S
3 Fibroadenoma breast 2 2014 S
4 Classify the tumors of uterus. 2 times 2 2015
Discuss the pathology of leiomyoma. 3
Add a note on secondary changes in leiomyoma 3
2016
Clinic pathological features of leiomyoma 2
5 Dermoid cyst of ovary 2 2015
Dermoid cyst 2 2021S2
6 Krukenbergs tumor 2 2015 S
7 Pagets disease of breast 2 2 2015 S
0.5 2020
8 Classify breast tumors. Essay+ 3 2016
Mention the risk factors and pathogenesis of 3
breast cancer.
Gross and microscopic features of infiltrating 3
duct carcinoma
2016 S
2
Classify tumors of breast 2 times 2018
4
Prognostic factors of ca breast
2018 S
A 48 year old female nullipara presented with
hard fixed lump of size 6*4*4cm in the upper Essay
outer quadrant of right breast with right axillary
lymphedanopathy
• Diagnosis (CA breast) 1
• Histological types

• Detail the 6 prognostic and predictive 2

factors 3
A 50 year old female presented with painless

lump in the right breast since 6 months, ESSAY 2019
gradually increasing in size. A firm to hard lump
fixed to underlying structures and skin was
present. Ipsilateral axillary lymph nodes were 1+4+1
palpable. Answer the following:
A) What is the clinical diagnosis? (CA BREAST)
B) Describe the etiological factors and
morphology of the lesion
C) Name two prognostic factors
2019 S
Two prognostic factors in breast carcinoma 0.5
9 Teratoma 4 2016 S
10 Endometriosis 3 times 0.5 2018 S
0.5 2016 S
0.5 2019
11 55 year old female presented with post- 2017
menopausal bleeding and foul smelling
discharge. P/V examination revealed unhealthy,
indurated ulcerated cervix.
• Provisional diagnosis (CA CERVIX) 1
• How do you establish the diagnosis? 2
• Describe microscopic picture of the lesion 2
• Mention the prognosis of the lesion 1
A 50-year old female presented with bleeding

per vagina. Per speculum examination showed
an ulceroproliferative lesion involving the
external os, which bleeds on touch. Answer the 2021
following.
• What is the clinical diagnosis? 1
• Describe the etiopathogenesis and morphology 4
of the lesion.
1

• Screening method for this condition

12 Premalignant lesion of CA cervix 0.5 2013 S
13 Duct cell carcinoma in situ of breast 2 2017 S
14 Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2 4 2014
2020
15 Ovarian stromal tumors 4 2021S
16 Phyllodes tumor 2 2021S2
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
1 Papillary carcinoma of thyroid 3 times 4 2014 S
4 2013
2 2021
2 Medullary carcinoma of thyroid 2 times 4 2018
4 2015
3 Enumerate four thyroid neoplasm 0.5 2018 S
4 Pathology of graves’ disease 4 2016
Pathogenesis of Grave’s disease 2 2021S
5 Pathogenesis of type 1 DM 2 2013 S
6 Renal pathology in diabetes mellitus 4 2017
7 Hashimotos thyroiditis 2 0.5 2017
2 2021S2
8 Phaeochromocytoma 4 2019
9 Multiple endocrine neoplasia one syndrome 0.5 2021S2
(MEN 1 Syndrome)
BONES
1 Classify bone tumors. 2 times 3 2013
Describe the gross (including x ray) and essay 3
microscopic appearances of most common 2
malignant bone tumor
Classify tumors 2 2014

Etiopathogenesis of osteosarcoma 3
Clinic pathological features of osteosarcoma 3
2 Involucrum 2 times 0.5 2018 S
0.5 2013

3 Chronic osteomyelitis 2 times 2

4 2019
4 Osteosarcoma 2 times 4 2015
Four conditions associated with development of 2 2016

osteosarcoma
5 Sequestrum 2 times 0.5 2018
0.5 2015 S
6 Osteoporosis 0.5 2016
7 Ewings sarcoma 3 4 2013 S
4 2021S
2 2021S2
8 Osteoclastoma 3 times 2 2017
2 2019 S
2 2021
9 Pathogenesis of osteoarthritis 2 2013 S
10 Rheumatoid arthritis 2 2018
11 Gouty arthritis 2 2017
12 Pathogenesis of gout 4 2017 S
13 Benign tumors of bone 4 2017 S
14 Malignant tumors of bone 4 2020
CNS
1 Meningioma 2 times 4 2015
Mention two types of meningiomas 0.5 2017 S
2 Name glial tumors 2 times 0.5 2017
0.5 2013 S
3 Verocay body 0.5 2019
4 Retinoblastoma 2 2021
5 CSF findings in pyogenic meningitis 0.5 2021S2
SKIN
1 Basal cell carcinoma 2 times 4 2014 S
2 2013
2 Rodent ulcer 2 0.5 2021S
2021S2

3 Malignant melanoma 4 times 2 2016 S

2 2016
4 2014
2 2019
4 Microscopic picture of malignant melanoma 2 2021S
5 Mention two premalignant lesions of skin 0.5 2020
PHARMACOLOGY 1


NO. TIMES
APPEARED
GENERAL PHARMACOLOGY
1 Kinetics of elimination 3 2013
2 Hoffman elimination 1 2013
3 Microsomal enzyme induction 3 2013 S
4 What is a prodrug and mention 2 1 2013 S
examples
5 Plasma half-life and its clinical relevance 3 times 3 2014
1 2016
3 2018
6 Chemical antagonism with one example 1 2014 S
7 Drug antagonism 3 times 3 2015
3 2017
3 2021
8 Teratogenicity 1 2015
9 Trans dermal therapeutic system 3 2015 S
10 Pharmacovigilance 1 2015 S
11 Bioavailability 3 2016
12 First pass metabolism 2 times 3 2016 S
3 2019 S
13 New drug delivery systems 1 2016 S
14 Youngs formula 1 2016 S
15 Idiosyncrasy 1 2017
16 Physiological antagonism 3 2017 S
17 Two advantages and disadvantages of iv 1 2017 S
route of drug administration
18 Tachyphylaxis. Give examples 1 2018
19 Define a receptor. Discuss the various 6 2018 S
transducer mechanisms by which the
receptors act
G-protein coupled receptors 3 2020

20 Apparent volume of distribution 3 2019

21 Pharmacogenetics 3 2021S
22 Plasma half life 3 2021S2
ANS AND SKELETAL MUSCLE RELAXANTS

1 Topical agents for treatment of open 2
angle glaucoma
Examples 2 2019
Mechanism of action of each group of 2
drug
2 Drug treatment of anti-cholinesterase 4 times 3 2013
poisoning
Treatment of OP poisoning 3 2013S
2014S
Rationale of oximes in OP poisoning 1 2017S
3 Nasal decongestants 1 2013 S
4 Enumerate beta blockers. Explain any six 3 times 6 2014
uses and two contra indications
Classify beta blockers. Mention uses and 6 2014 S

adverse effects of propranolol
1 2015
Two uses and two adverse effects of
propranolol
5 MOA of dantrolene sodium 1 2014 S
Rationale of using dantrolene sodium in 1 2018 S
malignant hypertension
6 Atropine 3 times 3 2015
Therapeutic uses and adverse effects 1 2014
3 2016 S
7 Explain why physostigmine is preferred 1 2015
over neostigmine for glaucoma treatment
8 Rationale of using terazosine in BPH 2 times 1 2015
9 30 year old male admitted in emergency 3 times 2015 S
ward with acute abdominal pain. After
diagnosed with acute appendicitis, he was
taken for surgery. On the operation table,
after administration of a skeletal muscle

relaxant, patient developed difficulty in

breathing and went in for apnoea.
(SUCCINYL CHOLINE) 1
• Which skeletal muscle relaxant is
responsible for this action? 3
• What is the reason for apnoea? 2
• How will you manage this patient?
A 50 years old man was administered

succinylcholine for endotracheal
intubation. The patient developed 2021
prolonged muscle paralysis and apnea.
What could be the cause of apnea in this
patient? 2
How will you treat the apnea?
Name two muscle relaxants that you can 2
use in this patient in future 2
• Can edrophonium be given as antidote?
2017S
Why? 2
10 Amphetamine 3 2015 S
11 Rationale of using physostigmine in 1 2015 S
atropine poisoning
12 Therapeutic uses of adrenergic drugs 3 2016
13 MOA of pancuronium 1 2016 S
14 Carvedilol 3 2016 S
15 Dipivefrine 1 2017
16 Neostigmine 3 2017 S
17 Edrophonium 2 3 2018
2021S2
18 Explain the use of propranolol in 1 2018
thyrotoxicosis
Propranolol in thyroid storm 1

2019 S
19 Atracurium 2 1, 3 2018
2020
20 Rationale of using pilocarpine in 1 2018 S
glaucoma

21 Dopamine 2 times 3 2014 S

Dopamine in cardiogenic shock 3 2016
22 Treatment of smoking cessation 3 2019
23 19 yr old saravanan admitted to
emergency ward with h/o of consumption
of poison.on admission,he had profuse
sweating,excess salivation,laboured
breathing&pin point pupil.he had thrown
convulsion once.his pulse rate was 45-
50/min 1 2019
-Diagnosis(OP POISONING) 2
-line of management 3
-specific antidotes&how they are
useful.
24 Pharmacological basis of atropine as 1 2019
antisecretory agent.
25 Dantrolene in malignant hyperthermia 1 2019
26 A middle aged man posted for 2020
Appendisectomy was given an injection
by the ward nurse before being shifted to
the operation theatre. Patient developed
dryness of mouth, difficulty in swallowing
and severe thirst.
• What is the drug that was injected 1
• Why the drug was given pre-operatively 2
• What are the other drugs which are 3
given pre-operatively
27 Classify anticholinergic drugs. 2 2021S
Describe the pharmacological actions, 2
therapeutic uses and contraindications of 1
atropine. 1
28 Prazosin 3 2021S
29 Metoprolol 3 2021S2

AUTACOIDS
1 Uses of prostaglandins 4 times 1 2013
3 2018 S
Rationale for use of prostaglandins in acid 1 2015 S
peptic disease
Clinical uses of prostaglandins 3 2021S2

2 45 year old male on maintenance dose of 2014 S
warfarin 5 mg/day for ischemic heart
disease. Subsequently he developed joint
pains for which he was administered tab.
Aspirin 300 mg thrice daily after food.
One week later he was brought to
casualty in a state of shock due to severe 2
haemetemesis
2
• How will you explain the
haematemesis? 2
• How it could have been prevented?
• How will you treat the present
emergency?
3 Enumerate 4 groups of NSAIDs with 3 times 2 2015
examples. Describe the pharmacological 2
action, adverse effects and therapeutic 1
uses of any one of them 1
Classify NSAIDs. 2 2013 S

Mention uses and 2 2016 S
adverse effects of salicylates 2
Mention 4 differences between aspirin 2
and celecoxib
4 Second generation anti-histamines 2 3 2015 S
2021
5 • List four groups of analgesic and 2 2016
antipyretics that produce gastritis 2 times
2

• Mention the MOA and advantages

of propionic acid derivatives 2
• Name two selective COX-2
inhibitors and its advantages 1 2017 S
• Mention 2 selective cox 2 inhibitors
6 Sumatriptan 3 2018
7 Prophylaxis of migraine 3 3 2018 S
2020
2021S
8 Cetrizine 3 2019
9 Allopurinol-2 uses&2 adverse effects. 2 times 1 2019
2019 S
10 Name two selective and two nonselective 2 2021
cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2). Enumerate 2
four uses of aspirin along with the dose 2
required. Describe the adverse effects
and drug interactions of aspirin.
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
1 Bronchodilators 3 2014
2 Ipratropium bromide 3 2017
3 Montelukast/ Salbutamol in acute 1 2019 S
bronchial asthma?
4 Treatment of Status Asthmaticus 3 2020
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
1 Calcium channel blockers 5 times 3 2013
3 2019 S
2 uses and adverse effects of nifedipine 1 2014 S
1 2016
Rationale of use of calcium channel
1 2015 S
blockers in angina
2 Nicorandil 3 2013
3 A 50 yr old man develops pedal edema 2013S
and also has difficulty in breathing. ECHO
confirms mild congestive cardiac failure.

Answer:
1) First line drugs in CCF 1
2) Rational for use of each of them in 2
CCF.
3) Life style modification you would 1
suggest
4) Treatment of digoxin overdosage 2
4 Sodium nitroprusside 3 2014
5 Ramipril 2 times 3 2014 S
3 2015 S
6 Rationale of use of nitrates in angina 2 times 1 2014 S
pectoris 1 2016
7 Rationale of combining beta blockers with 1 2013
nitrates
8 54 year old male suddenly developed 2015
severe chest pain. He was diabetic and
admitted in ICU with the diagnosis of
acute
MI 2
• List the drugs to be started
immediately after acute MI 2
• Write the MOA and two adverse 2
effects of fibrinolytics
• Name the analgesic used for
relieaving pain and its MOA
9 Classify drugs used in treatment of angina 2 2017
pectoris. What is the effect of nitrates on 1
coronary blood flow? Describe the MOA 2
and two adverse effects of nitrates 1
10 Enumerate five groups of 3 times 6 2017 S
antihypertensive drugs with example. 2018
Discuss the MOA, uses and adverse

effects of ACE inhibitors
50 yr old male, type 1 diabetic on insulin

developed hypertension. He was given a 2018 S

prescription of propranolol. Answer the

following 2
• Is the use of propranolol justified
• What should be the line of
management of HTN in this patient 2
• What is the role of propranolol in
MI 2
11 MOA of nitrates 1 2017 S
12 Rationale of low dose aspirin in post MI 1 2018
13 Losartan 3 2018 S
14 Inodilators 1 2018 S
15 Clonidine- two uses and tWo adverse 1 2019 S
effects
16 A 50 years old male patient came to 2021S
hospital with a complaint of
breathlessness, Orthopnoea and swelling
of both feet since 10 days. He is a known
ischemic heart disease patient, using
aspirin only and not taking the other
drugs as prescribed. His heart rate is
128/mt and his blood pressure is 160/100
mm of Hg. Echocardiogram shows dilated
cardiac chambers. 2
• Classify drugs used in congestive heart
failure
• Explain the mechanism and 2
pharmacological action of digoxin
• Describe the adverse effects of beta 2
blockers
17 Telmisartan 3 2021
BLOOD
1 A 30 years old pregnant woman attended 2021S2
to hospital with a complaint of sudden
onset of swelling of right leg and
tenderness over calf. Venous Doppler of

right leg suggestive of presence of a large

thrombus in leg veins.
• Classify anticoagulants 2
• Choose the ideal drug for this patient, 2
write its mechanism of effects.
• What are advantages of low molecular 2
weight heparins
2 Two advantages of LMW heparin over 3 1 2013S
standard heparin
LMW Heparin 3 2017
2021
3 Two differences between heparin and 1 2014
warfarin
4 Heparin 3 2015
5 Clopidogrel 2 times 3 2017 S
2018
6 Tenecteplase-2 uses&2 adverse effects 1 2019
7 Fibrinolytic Drugs 3 2019 S
KIDNEY
1 Classify diuretic agents. Describe MOA, 4 times 6 2013
uses and adverse effects of furosemide
Furosemide 3 2016 S
3 2017 S
3 2019 S
2 Rationale of using furosemide in acute 1 2014
pulmonary edema
3 MOA of loop diuretics 3 2016
4 Spironolactone 3 2018 S
5 Furosemide 3 2019
6 Potassium sparing diuretics 3 2021S2
CNS
1 24 year old man brought to hospital with 2013
complaints of unconsciousness, sustained
contractions (tonic) of all the body muscles

followed by periods of muscle contractions

alternating with periods of relaxations
(clonic) lasting to 1-2 minutes.
• What are the drugs which can be 2

used?
• Describe the pharmacokinetics and 3
adverse effects of any one such drug
• What is the treatment of status 1
epilepticus
2 Halothane 2 times 3 2013
2015
3 MOA of disulfiram 1 2013
4 Flumazenil 1 2013
5 Carbamezapine 1 2013S
6 2 uses and 2 adverse effects of 1 2013S
chlorpromazine
7 Use of morphine in left ventricular failure 1 2017
8 • Two drugs useful in absence seizures 1 2014
• Explain the MOA of phenytoin 2
• List four uses of carbamazepine 2
• Mention two drugs used in status 1
epilepticus
9 Sevoflurane 3 2014
10 Diazepam 7 times 3 2013S
2015
MOA of diazepam 1 2014
1 2016
Uses of diazepam 1 2017
2021S
Diazepam- 2 uses and 2 adverse effect 1 2019 S
11 Antidote in morphine poisoning 1 2014
12 Propofol 5 times 3 2014 S
3 2017
3 2017 S
3 2018

13 Rationale of using adrenaline with local 2 1 2013 S

anaesthetics 2014 S
14 MOA of lignocaine 2 times 1 2013S
2015
15 Enumerate four groups of drugs used in 2 2015 S
treatment of Parkinsons disease. Describe
the pharmacological actions and adverse 3
effects of levodopa.
1
What is the advantage of combining
levodopa with peripheral decarboxylase
inhibitor and also mention its dose
16 Tramadol 3 2015 S
17 Rationale of use of ethanol in methanol 3 times 3 2016
poisoning 1 2015 S
1 2017 S
18 Enumerate four groups of antiepileptic 3 2 2016
drugs with examples. Mention four newer 2
antiepileptics. Describe the 2
pharmacological action, adverse effects and
therapeutic uses of any one of them
Classify antiepileptic drugs. Describe the 2 2019 S

mechanism of action and adverse effects of 2
phenytoin 2
Enumerate the newer drugs used in the 2

treatment of epilepsy. Write the 2 2020
mechanism of action of any two agents. 2
Discuss the line of management of Status
Epilepticus
Classify antiepileptic drugs. Explain the 2

mechanism of action, uses and adverse 3 2021S2
effects of phenytoin and sodium valproate. 1
List four drugs used in status epilepticus.
19 Why morphine is contra indicated in 1 2016
patients with head injury?

20 25 year old man had a gradual onset of 2016 S

delusions and auditory hallucinations. He 2 times
was taken to a psychiatrist who started him
on tab. Haloperidol 2 mg daily. A few weeks
later although he improved clinically he
developed stiffness and rigidity of upper
and lower limbs (DRUG INDUCED
PARKINSONISM)
• Comment on the response of the
patient to haloperidol 2
• Outline the further line of
2
management
• Name 2 atypical antipsychotics 2
21 A patient suffering from schizophrenia was 2017
being treated with haloperidol for the last
four weeks. Now he developed rigidity,
tremor, hypokinesia, and classical gait.
Answer the following
• Cause of these symptoms in this 1
patient
2
• How will u treat
3
• Why levodopa is combined with
carbidopa in parkinsonism and
mention its dose
22 COMT inhibitors 2 times 3 2016 S
1 2018 S
23 SSRIs and their advantages 4 3 2014
2014 S
2021S
2021
24 Rationale of glycopyrrolate in pre 1 2016 S
anaesthetic medication
Pre anaesthetic 3 2018 S
medication
25 Two uses and adverse effects of Morphine 1 2016 S
26 Lamotrigine 3 2017

27 • What Is the MOA of fluoxetine? 2 2018

• What is the advantage of this drug 2
compared to tricyclic antidepressants
• What will happen if this patient is
administered pethidine 2
concurrently?
28 Why benzhexol used in drug induced 1 2018
parkinsonism?
29 Rationale of using methadone in morphine 1 2018 S
dependant therapy
30 Valproic acid 1 2019
31 Haloperidol-2 uses&2 adverse effects. 1 2019
32 Atypical antipsychotic agents 3 2019 S
33 Pharmacological basis for the use of 1 2019 S
adrenaline with lignocaine in infiltration
local anesthesia
34 Levodopa 3 2020
PHARMACOLOGICAL BASIS
1 Atropine as antisecretory agent 1 2019
2 Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor in 1 2019
congestive cardiac failure
3 Dantrolene in malignant hyperthermia 1 2019
4 Levodopa and carbidopa combination in 2 1 2019S
Parkinson’s disease 2021S2
5 Combination of adrenaline with lignocaine 1 2019S
in infiltration local anesthesia
6 Modafinil in night shift workers 1 2020
7 Spironolactone in cirrhosis of liver. 1 2020
8 Beta blockers in angina 2 1 2020,
2021
9 Adrenaline in anaphylactic shock 1 2021S
10 Fomepizole in methanol poisoning 1 2021S
11 Tramadol as analgesic 1 2021S
12 Trihexyphenidyl in drug induced 1 2021
extrapyramidal syndrome

13 Furosemide in acute pulmonary edema 1 2021

14 Trihexyphenidyl in drug induced 1 2021
extrapyramidal syndrome
15 Furosemide in acute pulmonary edema 1 2021
16 Pralidoxime in organophosphate compound 1 2021S2
poisoning
17 Verapamil in paroxysmal supra ventricular 1 2021S2
tachycardia
TWO USES AND TWO ADVERSE EFFECTS

(previously asked)
1 Tenecteplase 1 2019
2 Allopurinol 1 2019
3 Haloperidol 1 2019
4 Clonidine 1 2019S
5 Allopurinol 1 2019S
6 Diazepam 1 2019S
7 Human erythropoietin (Epoietin) 1 2020
8 Prazosin 1 2020
9 Amitriptyline 1 2020
10 Lignocaine 1 2021S
11 Carbamazepine 1 2021S
12 Isosorbide dinitrate 1 2021S
13 d-Tubocurarine 1 2021
14 Morphine 1 2021
15 Acetazolamide 1 2021
16 Clonidine 1 2021S2
17 Morphine 1 2021S2
18 Ketamine 1 2021S2
APPROPRIATE DRUG
1 Lidocaine / Propranolol to treat arrhythmia 1 2019
following myocardial infarction
2 Montelukast / Salbutamol in acute 1 2019S
bronchial asthma

3 Thiazides / Spironolactone in patients using 1 2019S

Lisinopril
4 Disulfiram / Fomepizole in methyl alcohol 1 2020
poisoning
5 Physostigmine / Neostigmine in glaucoma 1 2020
management
6 Naloxone/Methadone in morphine 1 2021S
addiction
7 Frusemide/Hydrochlorothiazide as 1 2021S
antihypertensive
8 Nifedipine/ Verapamil in hypertension 1 2021
9 Salbutamol / Salmeterol in acute attack of 1 2021
bronchial asthma
10 Enalapril/amlodipine in hypertension with 1 2021S2
renal failure
11 Dopamine/Dobutamine in congestive heart 1 2021S2
failure
NAME TWO DRUGS

1 Drugs used in myasthenia gravis 2 times 1 2013
2016 S
2 Uterine relaxants 1 2013
3 Mast cell stabilisers 1 2013
2021S
4 LMW heparins 3 times 1 2013
2015 S
2020
5 Anti platelet drugs 2 1 2013
2021
6 Drug induced parkinsonism 1 2013
7 5HT antagonists 1 2013
8 Bronchodilators (of two diferent groups) 1 2013S
9 iv and inhalational anesthetics 1 2013S
10 Peripherally acting skeletal muscle relaxants 1 2013S
11 Name the antidote in poisoning due to 1 2013S
paracetamol and methanol

12 Supraventricular arrhythmia 2 times 1 2014

2014 S
13 Non sedative antihistamines 2times 1 2013S2
014
14 Idiopathic parkinsonism 1 2014
15 Enzyme inducers 1 2014
16 Drugs for prophylaxis of angina pectoris 2times 1 2013S2
014
17 Relief of somatic pain 1 2014
18 Hyperlipidemia 2 times 1 2014
2016
19 Drugs administered via inhalational route 1 2014 S
20 Anaphylactic shock 1 2014 S
21 Hypertensive emergencies 4 times 1 2013S2
014 S
2016
2017
22 Pre anaesthetic medication 2 times 1 2014 S
2017 S
23 Treatment of migraine 3 times 1 2014 S
2015
2016
24 Benign prostatic hypertrophy Use 3 times 1 2014 S
of prazosin in benign prostatic 2017
hypertrophy 2018 S
25 Cerebral edema 1 2014 S
26 ACE inhibitors 1 2015
27 Nasal decongestants 2 times 1 2015
2015 S
28 Treatment of cardiac failure 2 times 1 2015
2016 S
29 Ototoxic diuretics 1 2015
30 Short acting agents for insomnia 1 2015
31 Treatment of methanol poisoning 2times 1 2013S
2015
32 Opioid antagonist 3 times 1 2015
2015 S

2017
33 Choline esterase reactivators 1 2015 S
34 IV general anaesthetics 2 times 1 2013S
2015 S
35 Inhalational steroids 1 2015 S
36 Centrally acting muscle relaxants 1 2015 S
37 Cardio selective beta blockers 3times 1 2013S
2015 S
2019 S
38 Fibrinolytics 2 times 1 2016
2018
39 Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis 1 2016
40 OP poisoning 1 2016
41 Causing teratogenicity 2 times 1 2016
2017 S
42 Status epilepticus 1 2016 S
43 Febrile convulsions 1 2016 S
44 Acute MI 1 2016 S
45 Motion sickness 1 2016 S
46 Acute severe asthma 1 2016 S
47 SSRIs 3 times 1 2017
2017 S
2018 S
48 Acute glaucoma 2 times 1 2017
2018
49 Leukotriene antagonists 1 2017
50 Inhibitors of renal epithelial sodium channel 1 2017
51 Triptans 1 2017
52 Pro drugs 1 2017 S
53 H1 receptor blockers 1 2017 S
54 Anti muscarinic drugs 1 2017 S
55 Iron deficiency anemia 2 times 1 2016 S
2017 S
56 Selective alpha blockers 1 2017 S
57 Available as trans dermal patch 1 2018
58 Atrial fibrillation 1 2018
59 Potassium sparing diuretics 1 2018

60 Histamine releasers 1 2018

61 Absence seizures 1 2018
62 DMARDs 1 2018
63 Parkinsons disease 1 2016
64 Thrombolytic agents 1 2017
65 Oral anticoagulant 1 2018 S
66 Calcium channel blockers 1 2018 S
67 COMT inhibitors 1 2018 S
68 Competitive neuromuscular blockers 1 2018 S
69 Uricosuric agent 1 2018 S
70 Beta2 sympathomimetics 1 2018 S
71 HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor 1 2019
72 COMT inhibitors 1 2019
73 Antiplatelet agents 1 2019
74 Leukotriene antagonist 1 2019
75 Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors 1 2019
76 Transdermal patch 1 2019 S
77 Microsomal enzyme inducers 1 2019 S
78 Open angle glaucoma 1 2019 S
79 Plasma expanders 1 2019 S
80 Mucolytics 2 1 2020
2021
81 Vesico-selective anticholinergics 1 2020
82 Orphan drugs 1 2020
83 Drugs used for PSVT 2 1 2020
2021
84 Oral direct factor Xa inhibitors 1 2021S
85 Antitussives 1 2021S
86 Recombinant tissue plasminogen activators 1 2021S
87 Aldosterone antagonists 1 2021S
88 Potassium channel openers 2 1 2021
2021S2
89 Topical nasal decongestants 1 2021S2
90 Atypical neuroleptics 1 2021S2
91 Selective COX-2 inhibitors 1 2021S2
92 Anticholinergic bronchodilators 1 2021S2

PHARMACOLOGY 2

SL TOPICS NO OF MARKS YEAR

NO. TIMES
APPEARED
ANTIMICROBIALS
1 Classify Cephalosporins 2+2+2 2017
3RD Gen cephalosporins
MOA ,A/E,Uses
2
Classify beta lactams 6 times 2018 S
2+1+1
Ceftriaxone – MOA, uses, A/E 2016
3
1 2016
Drug that can be combined with
amoxicillin to treat beta lactamase
producing staph.aureus
3 2017 S
th
4 Gen cephalosporins
3 2013 S
ND
2 Gen cephalosporins & Uses
2 Mr Ramu 40 yrs presented with H/O 2017
fever and chills past 2 days diagnosed
with 5 times 2
P.falciparum malaria 2
• treatment acute falciparum 2
malaria
• MOA- any ONE drug
• 2 drugs for chemoprophylaxis of 2015
malaria 6
Classify drugs,MOA, A/E,dose of any one 2014

1
drug
Drug for radical cure
1
Radical cure of P.vivax 2013
Treatment of multi drug resistant 6

falciparum malaria 2013 S

Classify antimalarial drugs.A/E & uses of

chloroquine 2021S
An immigrant labourer comes to the
hospital with fever, chills and rigor.
Peripheral smear showed malarial
parasites. He was given chloroquine and 2
primaquine. 1
• Classify antimalarial drugs
• Why are chloroquine and primaquine 2
combined. 1
• Explain the mechanism of action, uses
and adverse effects of chloroquine.
• List four drugs used for chloroquine
resistant falciparum malaria.
A 30 years old male patient admitted to

hospital with a complaint of fever with 2021
chills since 5 days. Severe headache and
yellowish discolouration of conjunctiva
present. He is drowsy and irritable.
Peripheral smear shows gametocytes of
plasmodium falciparum. He is using
chloroquine since onset of fever but fever
not subsided.
• What is the diagnosis of the clinical 1
condition
• Classify drugs used in malaria 2
• Describe the management of above 2
condition
• Mention two regimens of artemisinin 1
based combination therapy
3 Read the case history and answer the 2+2+2 2021S2
following questions: An 18 years old boy
was brought to the outpatient
department with history of fever with
chills and shivering for the past three
days. Peripheral blood smear showed

presence of intra erythrocytic P.vivax

parasite.
• Prescribe drugs treatment for the
patient with dosage schedules.
• Explain the mechanism of action of
chloroquine.
• What are the adverse effects of
chloroquine when used for prolonged
period in large doses
4 A 20 year old pregnant lady developed
upper resp tract infection.she was given 2 times 2017 S
tetracycline 250 mg thrice daily for 3 2013 S
days. 2
Answer 2
* Treatment for mild bacterial 2
infection
* tetracycline in pregnancy
* Choice of antibiotic in a pregnant
woman in severe infection
5 A 28yr old woman having 2 children 2015 S
wanted to follow a contraceptive method.
She is a known pulmonary TB patient for
which she is on RIFAMPICIN 450mg
INH300mg ETHAMBUTOL 300mg per day 2
* what are the expected complications 2
* why 2
* what will you suggest
6 A 60 year old diabetic woman 2 times 2018
diagnosed with onychomycosis of toe 2017 S
2
nail. * drugs used in treatment
2+2
* MOA , A/E of any ONE drug
7 40 yr old Man who was on metronidazole
for amoebic dysentery went to cocktail 2014
party where he consumed alcohol.After
some time he developed symptoms like 6 times
flushing,burning sensation,throbbing

headache,dizziness,tightness in 2
chest,vomiting. 2
2
* Reasons for symptoms
* uses of metronidazole
* A/E – metronidazole
1 2013
Metronidazole 2013 S
2017 S
3 2016
4 USES-metronidazole 2016 S
2019
8 A/e –aminoglycosides 3 times 3 2016
3 2014 S
List the aminoglycosides,4 common 6 2015 S
properties,2 a/e
9 Uses- azole antifungals 1 2016
10 Clofazimine 2 times 1 2016
Clofazimine -2 uses and 2 adverse effects 1 2019 S
11 Amphotericin b 3 2017
12 Interferon alpha 3 2015 S
13 Galtifloxacin 3 2015 S
14 MOA- clarithromycin 1 2017
15 Albendazole 3 2018
16 Chloroquine 3 times 3 2017 S
uses 3 2016
1 2019
3 2020
17 MOA- INH 1 2017 S
18 Azithromycin 3 2014
19 Spectrum- vancomycin 1 2014 S
20 Low dose ritonavir 1 2018 S
21 Rifampicin 3 2016 S
4 times 3 2014 S
1 2013
4 a/e- rifampicin
3 2013 S
Uses & a/e

22 2 diff- ketoconazole and fluconazole 1 2016 S

3 times
Fluconazole 3 2015
Fluconazole- 2 uses& 2 a/e 1 2013 S

23 Ciprofloxacin 4 times 3 2018
3 2013
Spectrum 1 2017
Moa 1 2015
24 Ofloxacin 3 2021
25 Itraconazole 3 2018 S
26 Streptogramins and use 1 2016 S
27 Moa- acyclovir 1 2013
28 Protease inhibitors in HIV infections 2 times 3 2017
3 2019
29 Post antibiotic effect & example 1 2016 S
30 2 diff – tetracycline and doxycycline 1 2013
31 Rationale- Thalidomide in lepra reaction 1 2017 S
32 Rationale- Beta lactamase inhibitors + 2 times 1 2017
beta lactams 1 2019
33 Artemisinin combination therapy in 3 2016 S
malaria
34 Lepra reaction 3 2015
1 2013
35 Prevention of vertical transmission of HIV 1 2015
36 Enumerate the antibiotics which act by 2+2+2 2014
inhibiting cell wall synthesis. Mention
MOA of any one drug acting on bacterial
cell wall synthesis.Add a note on beta
lactamase inhibitors
Beta-Lactamase inhibitors 3 2021

37 Enumerate macrolide antibiotics. MOA, 4 1 2013
uses 2+1
Add a note on linezolid 2
38 Linezolid 3 2021S2

39 A 50 yr old lady complaints of pain in the 2016 S

throat and has been diagnosed to have
streptococcal tonsillitis. Answer the
following 1
• Name two approp drugs 1
• 2 bactericidal and bacteriostatic
drugs 2
2
• MOA of penicillins
• A/E of aminoglycosides
40 Treatment of multi drug resistant TB 3 2018 S
41 Ivermectin 2 3 2013 S
2021S
42 A 25 year old lady reported to the hospital 2019
with complaints of low grade fever since
10 days weakness, fatigue, cough &
expectoration since one month. Sputum
was found to be positive for AFB and X-
ray chest showed fibrotic changes in the
left upper lobe.
• What is the treatment regime to be 2
followed for the patient
• Explain the mechanism of action 2
and adverse effects of Rifampicin
• What would you advice if the lady 2
was pregnant.
43 Clarithromycin 3 2019
44 Antibiotic resistance 3 2019 S
45 Oseltamivir 3 2019 S
46 Artemisinin derivatives 3 2019 S
47 Isoniazide hydrazid 1 2019 S
48 Third generation/ fourth generation 1 2019 S
cephalosporins in MRSA infection –
choose drug and justify
49 Fluconazole / Ketoconazole in fungal 1 2019 S
meningitis- choose drug and justify
50 Lepra reaction -2 examples 1 2019 S
51 Round worm infestations – 2examples 1 2019 S

52 Classify fluoroquinolones. Explain the 2+1+2+1 2020

mechanism of action, uses and adverse
effects of fluoroquinolones
53 Griseofulvin 3 2020
54 Cotrimoxazole 3 2021S
55 Superinfection 3 2021S2
GIT
1 Proton Pump Inhibitors 4times 2017
2015
2014
3 2021S2
2 Mr Raman 32 years developed severe 2 times 2014 S
epigastric pain after taking ibuprofen
400mg for his joint pain
2
* 2 drugs used in NSAID induced ulcer
2
* MOA –Proton pump inhibitors 2018
2
* Triple drug regimen in H.Pylori infections
3 Aprepitant 2 times 3 2018
3 2016
4 Moa- metoclopramide 2 times 1 2014 S
a/e 1 2014
5 ondansetron 2times 1 2018 S
3 2019
6 Rabeprazole 3 2015 S
7 Omeprazole in peptic ulcer- state reason 1 2013
8 Rationale – Combined Al & Mg salts in 1 2015 S
antacid preparation
9 Interaction- omeprazole and itraconazole 1 2015 S
10 Non systemic antacid 3 2016 S
11 Super ORS 1 2014
12 Peptic ulcer protective agents 3 2018 S
13 Rationale- lansoprazole, amoxicillin and 1 2019
clarithromycin in H. pylori infection
14 Domperidone 3 2019 S
15 Rationale-Sucralfate in gastric ulcer 1 2019 S

16 Antisecretory agents in diarrhea 1 2019 S

17 Omeprazole 3 2020
18 Metoclopramide 3 2021S
19 H2 blockers 3 2021
HORMONES
1 Classify oral hypoglycemic drugs 2 2018
Moa, uses, a/e-sulfonylureas 2+1+1 2017 S
4 times
Moa – 2 group 2
Insulin analog and advantage 2 2016 S
Interaction- sulfonylureas & salicylates 1 2013 S

2 A 60 Yr old lady is suffering from
rheumatoid arthritis.She was administered 2013
4 times 2018 S
prednisolone. Answer
* MOA – Glucocorticoids 2
2 Glucocorticoids with no mineralocoticoid 1
activity
* A/E in this patient 3
2 Uses & A/E Glucocorticoids 1 2017
Uses 3 2016
3 2015 S
3 A 35 year old lady came with complaints of
heat tolerance, retraction of upper eyelid,
and menstrual irregularities. Her T3, T4,FT4 2015
&FT3 are elevated ,while TSH is 3 times
suppressed. Answer 2
• Which drug can be administered to
reduce the thyroid activity in this 2
patient? 1
• MOA 1
• Drug preferred in pregnant woman
• Route of administration of I131

Anti-thyroid drugs 1,3 2013

2014 S
Classify antithyroid drugs. 2
Write the advantages and disadvantages of 2
using radioactive Iodine 2
4 A 25 year old insulin dependent diabetic 2016

patient develop sweating, anxiety,
palpitation on vigorous exercise. Answer 1
* Cause of these symptoms 2
* will you prescribe beta blockers for
hypertension in this patient. Why? 3
*treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis
Classify Oral Anti diabetic drugs. Describe 2+2+1+ 2021

the mechanism of action, therapeutic uses 1
and adverse effects of Metformin.
5 A 25 year old insulin dependent diabetic 2016
patient develop sweating, anxiety,
palpitation on vigorous exercise. Answer
* Cause of these symptoms 1
* will you prescribe beta blockers for 2
hypertension in this patient. Why?
*treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis 3
6 Mrs. Mala aged 30 is known epileptic Essay 2019 S
was on treatment with Tab. Phenytoin
for past 3 yrs. She was taking oral
contraceptive pills for the last 6 months.
She did not get her menstrual cycle for
the past 2 months On investigation her
pregnancy was confirmed
• What is the therapeutic problem 1
• Why she became pregnant inspite 2
of taking oral contraceptive pills
• Name 2 other drugs which will 1
have problems with phenytoin

• Add a note on emergency 2

contraception
7 What are the different types of oral 2 2021S2
contraceptive pills available? Describe the 2
mechanism of action and adverse effects 2
of combined oral contraceptive pills
8 Raloxifene 2 times 3 2018
1 2019
9 Bromocriptine – 2 uses 1 2018
10 Clomiphene citrate 3 2017 S
2015 S
11 Bisphosphonates 3 times 3 2017 S
3 2015
3 2014 S
12 Centchroman 1 2016
13 Mifepristone 3 2013
14 Insulin analogue 2 times 2013
2013 S
15 Sulfonylurea in type 2 DM 3 2017
16 A/e –oral contraceptives 3 times 3 2015
3 2014
2 uses & 2 a/e 1 2014 S
17 Moa- hydrocortisone 1 2016 S
18 Drugs in thyrotoxic crisis 1 2014
19 Alpha glucosidase inhibitors 3 2014
20 Insulin used in diabetic ketoacidosis 1 2018 S
21 2 advantages of human insulin 1 2014 S
22 Longest acting insulin given as once daily 1 2015
dose
23 Anti-thyroid drugs in pregnancy 1 2017 S
24 Interaction- rifampicin + ocp 1 2017
25 Post coital contraception 3 2016 S
26 Rationale- estrogen in hormone 1 2014 S
replacement therapy 2 times
Rationale –erstogen + progesterone in OCP 1 2013 S
27 Insulin Glargine 3 2019

28 Classify corticosteroids. Describe the uses 2+2+2 2019

and adverse effects of glucocorticoids.
29 Bromocriptine – 2uses and 2 adverse 1 2019 S
effects
30 Propranolol in thyroid storm 1 2019 S
31 A recently married woman comes to your 2020
clinic with complaints of calf tenderness.
She says she has been using a tablet for
preventing pregnancy.
• Classify hormonal contraceptives 3
• Enumerate the advantages, 1+1+1
disadvantages and precautions while using
these drugs
32 Inhaled corticosteroids 3 2020
33 Vildagliptin 3 2021S
34 Radioactive Iodine 3 2021
35 Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors 3 2021S2
MISCELLANEOUS DRUGS
1 Penicillamine 2 times 1 2018
1 2019
2 Immunotherapy for Rh negative woman 1 2015
with Rh positive baby
3 Antiseptics 2 times 1 2014
& 2 examples 1 2018 S
4 Ramu , 35 yr old male is suffering from
endstage kidney disease.His brother has
2+2+2 2018 S
come forward to donate kidney.What
immunosuppressants are required to
inhibit rejection of transplanted kidney.
MOA &
A/E- cyclosporine 3 2016
Cyclosporine 3 2021S2
5 Desferrioxime 3 2018 S
6 Tacrolimus 3 2019 S

7 Antiscabitic agents 1 2019 S

8 Drugs for psoriasis 1 2019S
CHEMOTHERAPY
1 Thalidomide 3 2018
2 Methotrexate 5 times 3 2017
3 2016S
3
2 uses
1 2018S
3 2019
3 Vinca alkaloids 2 3 2014
2020
4 Cyclophosphamide 2 3 2013
2021S
5 Rationale- folinic acid in methotrexate 2 times 1 2017 S
overdose 2015 S
6 Rationale– mesna +Cyclophosphamide 1 2018
7 Rationale- combination of drugs in cancer 2 times 1 2017 S
chemotherpay 2015 S
8 Taxanes in cancer chemotherapy 3 2014 S
9 Anti malignancy drugs producing gouty 1 2015
arthritis
10 Rationale- Letrozole in early breast cancer 1 2019 S
11 Antibiotics used in cancer chemotherapy 3 2021
PHARMACOLOGICAL BASIS
1 Penicillamine in Wilson’s disease 1 2019
2 Amoxicillin with clavulanic acid 1 2019
3 Lansoprazole, amoxicillin and 1 2019
clarithromycin in H. pylori infection
4 Propranolol in thyroid storm 1 2019S
5 Sucralfate in gastric ulcer 1 2019S
6 Metronidazole and ceftriaxone for brain 1 2020
abscess
7 Multidrug therapy for tuberculosis 1 2020

8 Sulphadoxine and pyrimethamine in 1 2020

malaria
9 Desferrioxamine in Iron poisoning 1 2021S
10 Imipenem and cilastatin 2 1 2021S
2021S2
11 INH and pyridoxine 2 1 2021S
2021
12 Letrizole in breast cancer after surgery 2 1 2019S
2021
13 Folinic acid with 5-flurouracil 1 2021
14 Oxytocin for induction of labour 1 2021S2
15 Propranolol in thyrotoxicosis 1 2021S2
TWO USES AND TWO ADVERSE EFFECTS

(previously asked)
1 Raloxifene 1 2019
2 Metronidazole 1 2019
3 Chloroquine 1 2019
4 Bromocriptine 1 2019S
5 Clofazimine 1 2019S
6 Isoniazid hydrazide 1 2019S
7 Mebendazole 1 2020
8 Radioactive iodine 1 2020
9 Calcipotriol 1 2020
10 Amphotericin B 1 2021S
11 Acyclovir 1 2021S
12 Levamisole 1 2021S
13 Vancomycin 1 2021
14 Diethylcarbamazine citrate 1 2021
15 Esomeprazole 1 2021
16 Metformin 1 2021S2
17 Rifampicin 1 2021S2
18 Streptomycin 1 2021S2

APPROPRIATE DRUG
1 Griseofulvin / Miconazole in candida 1 2019
albicans
2 Ciprofloxacin / Amoxicillin in urinary tract 1 2019
infection in pregnancy
3 Third generation / Fourth generation 1 2019S
cephalosporins in MRSA infection
4 Fluconazole / Ketoconazole in fungal 1 2019S
meningitis
5 Chloramphenicol/Ceftriaxone in typhoid 1 2020
fever
6 Oxytocin/Ergometrine in Postpartum 1 2020
Hemorhage (PPH)
7 Ciprofloxacin/Norfloxacin in urinary tract 1 2021S
infection
8 Folic acid/Folinic acid with methotrexate 1 2021S
9 Ondansetron/ Metoclorpramide in cancer 1 2021
chemotherapy induce vomiting
10 Oxytocin/ Methylergometrine for 1 2021
induction of labour
11 Chloroquine / Diloxanide furoate in amebic 1 2021S2
liver abscess
12 Regular / Lente insulin in diabetic 1 2021S2
ketoacidosis
NAME 2 DRUGS
1 For treatment of amebic liver abscess 1 2018
2 Gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist 1 2018
3 Antitumor antibiotics 1 2018
4 Stimulant laxatives 2 times 1 2018
Stimulant purgatives 2021S2
5 Protease inhibitors 2 times 1 2018
2019
6 Treatment of hook worm infestation 2 times 1 2018
2015 S
7 Parenteral iron preparations 1 2018

8 Treatment of MDR-TB 1 2017 S

9 Post exposure prophylaxis of HIV 1 2017 S
10 Prophylaxis of rheumatic fever 1 2017 S
11 Insulin analogues 1 2017 S
12 Proton pump inhibitors 2 times 1 2017 S
2019
13 Anabolic steroids 1 2017 S
14 Mycobacterium avium complex 1 2017
15 Treatment of osteoporosis 2 times 1 2017
2013 S
16 Treatment of acne vulgaris 2 times 1 2017
2017 S
17 Treatment of Female Infertility. 1 2017
18 Herpes zoster infection 1 2017
19 Peptic ulcer 1 2016 S
20 Chemoprophylaxis in tuberculosis 1 2016 S
21 Anti-emetics 4 times 1 2016 S
2013 S
2017
2015
22 Antibiotics given only parenteral 1 2016 S
23 Typhoid fever 2 times 1 2016 S
2017
24 Antiretroviral drugs 1 2016 S
25 Round worm infestation 1 2016 S
26 Treatment of onchocercosis 1 2016
27 Anti-tumor antibiotics 1 2016
28 Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase 1 2016
inhibitors
29 Treatment of multi drug resistant 1 2016
tuberculosis
30 Monoclonal antibodies 1 2016
31 Chelating agents 1 2016
32 Treatment of Paget’s disease 1 2016
33 Dermatophytosis 1 2015 S
34 GERD 1 2015 S
35 Brucellosis 1 2015 S

36 Thyrotoxic crisis 1 2015 S

37 Intestinal amoebiasis 1 2015 S
38 Treatment of pneumocystis carnii 1 2015
39 Peroxysome proliferator activated receptor 1 2015
gamma agonists
40 Drugs causing haemolytic anemia in 1 2015
glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase
deficiency patients
41 Cell cycle specific anti metabolites 1 2015
42 Treatment of extra intestinal amoebiasis 1 2015
43 Selective estrogen receptor modulators 1 2015
44 Treatment of ascariasis 1 2015
45 Chloroquine resistant malaria 2 times 1 2014 S
2018 S
46 Urinary tract infections 1 2014 S
47 Immunosuppressive in organ 1 2014 S
transplantation
48 Irritable bowel syndrome 1 2014 S
49 Gram negative septicemia 1 2014 S
50 Tocolytics 1 2014 S
51 Aromatase inhibitors 1 2014 S
52 Retro viral infections 1 2014 S
53 H1N1 viral infection 1 2015 S

54 Anti pseudomonal drugs 1 2014
55 H2 blockers 2 1 2014
2021S
56 Calcineurin inhibitors 1 2014
57 Fluoroquinolones 1 2014
58 Selective estrogen receptor modulators 1 2014
59 First line anti tubercular drugs 1 2014
60 Bisphosphonates 2 1 2014
2021S
61 H.Pylori infection 1 2013 S
62 Lepra reactions 1 2013
63 Uterine stimulants 2 times 1 2013
2016

64 Uterine relaxants 1 2018 S

65 Chemoprophylaxis of surgical site infection 1 2013
66 Antithyroid drugs 4 times 1 2013
2016 S
2018 S
2019
67 Treatment of amoebiasis - from different 2 times 1 2013
groups 2017
68 Prevention of AIDS in the new born 1 2013
69 Tocolytics 1 2020
70 Laxatives 1 2020
71 Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase 1 2020
Inhibitors
72 Newer insulins 1 2020
73 Iron chelating agents 2 1 2020
2021
74 Multi bacillary leprosy 1 2013 S
75 Pseudomembranous colitis 1 2013 S
76 Filariasis 2 times 1 2013 S
2018 S
77 Rheumatoid arthritis 1 2013 S
78 HIV infection 1 2013 S
79 Prevention of constipation 1 2013
80 Systemic antifungal drugs 1 2013
81 Ovulation inhibitors 1 2018
82 Burns infected with pseudomonas 1 2015 S
aeruginosa
83 Causing peripheral neuritis 1 2018 S
84 Live attenuated vaccines 1 2018 S
85 Anaerobic infections 1 2018 S
86 Herpes virus infection 2 times 1 2018 S
Anti-herpes virus drugs 2021S2
87 Topical antifungals 2 times 1 2014
2017 S
88 Vinca alkaloids in cancer chemotherapy 1 2019
89 Anti-seborrheic agents 1 2019

90 Drugs effective against both gram positive 1 2019

and gram negative organism
91 Antiemetics 1 2021S
92 Immunosuppressants 1 2021S
93 Antiestrogens 1 2021S
94 Anti-hepatitis B viral drugs 1 2021
95 Triazole antifungal frugs 1 2021
96 Antipseudomonal cephalosporins 1 2021
97 Topical steroids 1 2021
98 Anticancer antibiotics 1 2021S2
100 Drugs for scabies 1 2021S2
101 Anti-fungal azole derivative 1 2021S2



2nd Year Antidote

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

2nd Year Antidote

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

DHWANI COLLEGE UNION 2021-22 1

GOVERNMENT MEDICAL COLLEGE, THRISSUR

PATHOLOGY | MICROBIOLOGY | PHARMACOLOGY

CREDITS FOR THE LATEST EDITION

DHWANI COLLEGE UNION 21-22

GOVERNMENT MEDICAL COLLEGE, THRISSUR

GOVERNMENT MEDICAL COLLEGE, THRISSUR

GOVERNMENT MEDICAL COLLEGE, THRISSUR

SL TOPICS NO. OF MARKS YEAR

GOVERNMENT MEDICAL COLLEGE, THRISSUR

Enumerate the four phases of bacterial growth 2021 S2

GOVERNMENT MEDICAL COLLEGE, THRISSUR

42 Mycotic poisoning 4 times 2 2015 S

GOVERNMENT MEDICAL COLLEGE, THRISSUR

10 Herd immunity 2 2014 S

GOVERNMENT MEDICAL COLLEGE, THRISSUR

38 Give two examples of killed vaccines 2 2021S2

HOSPITAL INFECTION CONTROL

Describe the working of above instrument and

GOVERNMENT MEDICAL COLLEGE, THRISSUR

17 Eijkman test 2 2017

BLOOD STREAM & CVS INFECTIONS

Pathogenesis of enteric fever 1

Pathogenesis and lab diagnosis of enteric fever 5

GOVERNMENT MEDICAL COLLEGE, THRISSUR

8 Laboratory diagnosis of leptospirosis 2 2021

A 14yr old boy presents with complaints of

GOVERNMENT MEDICAL COLLEGE, THRISSUR

2) Describe the morphology of the virus

A 35-year-old male with history of multiple sex

GOVERNMENT MEDICAL COLLEGE, THRISSUR

17 Ebstein barr virus 5 2013 S

1) What is the probable diagnosis?

1) What is the probable diagnosis?

A 52 years old man presents with the

GOVERNMENT MEDICAL COLLEGE, THRISSUR

of fever on alternate days and on examination

Bancroftian filariasis 2019

26 Name 2 parasites which cause iron deficiency 2 2018

GOVERNMENT MEDICAL COLLEGE, THRISSUR

35 Varicella zoster infection 2 2017 S

Lab diagnosis of cholera 2

2 A 36 years man was having watery diarrhea and 2021S2

GOVERNMENT MEDICAL COLLEGE, THRISSUR

• Enumerate the bacterial etiologic agents of

GOVERNMENT MEDICAL COLLEGE, THRISSUR

Giardia lamblia 2 2019

(Pathogenesis and complications, 5 2015

GOVERNMENT MEDICAL COLLEGE, THRISSUR

A 45 years old patient was admitted to the

GOVERNMENT MEDICAL COLLEGE, THRISSUR

5 Hydatid disease/cyst 6 times 5 2013

GOVERNMENT MEDICAL COLLEGE, THRISSUR

GOVERNMENT MEDICAL COLLEGE, THRISSUR

SL TOPICS NO. OF MARKS YEAR

SKIN, SOFT TISSUE & MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

GOVERNMENT MEDICAL COLLEGE, THRISSUR

11 A 10 year old boy developed multiple 2021S2

GOVERNMENT MEDICAL COLLEGE, THRISSUR

RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS

A 35 years old female patient was admitted to

GOVERNMENT MEDICAL COLLEGE, THRISSUR

examination of sputum revealed long, slender 1