Department of Electronics &

Telecommunication Engineering

Experiential Learning Report

“ IOT ENABLED SMART PARKING SYSTEM ”

Course Code: 18TE53

Course Title: DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING
Submitted by:
NAME: ADITI BARDHAN USN:1RV20ET002
NAME: ADITYA PRAKASH USN:1RV20ET004

Staff Incharge
Dr. Saraswathi K
Assistant Professor
Dept of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering
RV College of Engineering

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

SL Contents Page No
no
1. Introduction 3
2. Literature Survey 4
3. Related work and Proposed work 5
4. Components Required 6
5. Working 7
6. Implementation 8-9
5. Results and Analysis 9
6. Conclusion 10
7. References 10

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1. Introduction

Nowadays, car has become a necessity; it is no more a luxury especially for the working
people. People even purchase car oninstallments.
When talking about metropolitan, then traffic jams have becomequite common recently during
large number of vehicles.
Also, we cannot deny the existence of the cars in our daily life. Whenever we go out by car, we face
problems to find an available parking space. When driver enters a certain parking lot, the first thing
that he does is to look for some sign which tells whether the parking lot is fully occupied, partly
occupied or vacant. . He also does not know how many parking slots are there and where to find a
parking division for his car. Some of the parking divisions may remain unoccupied even when the
total occupancy is high. This causes ineffective use of parking divisions as well as traffics jams
around the entrance of parking lot. Therefore, by offering drivers with relevant information about the
parking lot while entering the parking lot becomes an important issue. When driver enters a certain
parking lot, the driver takes a long time just to find an available parking space.

In order to solve such problems, we have come up with IOT –

enabled SMART PARKING SYSTEM ,whose prototype is built using
Arduiono Uno,through AutoDesk TinkerCad.

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 2. Literature Survey

Sl. Name of the Author’s Name Year of Publish Abstract

No. Journal
1. A Novel IOT Pranto Karmokar, Saikot August,2020 It proposes
Based Bairagi, Anuprova Mondal, an
Accident Fernaz Narin Nur, Nazmun automated
detection and Nessa Moon, Asif Karim, IoT based
rescue system Kheng Cher Yeo effective
accident
detection
system,
which is
evaluated
the by a
simulated
road
scenario.
2. Machine Shridevi Jeevan Kamble, January,2020 It highlights
Learning Manjunath R Kounte the ML
Approach on approach to
Traffic identify
Congestion traffic
Monitoring congestion
System in based
Internet of on multiple
Vehicles parameters
such as hard
delay
constraints,
the speed
available
through
vehicle
trajectory

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3 Smart September,2020 The smart
Parking parking field
Management Rodier, Caroline test is
Field Test J,Shaheen, Susan described
Kemmerer, Charlene including its
capital,
operational,
and
maintenance
costs.
4 Car parking Arun C, Karthick S, February,2021 The
location Selvakumarasamy, proposed
tracking, Joseph James. parking
routing and occupancy
occupancy monitoring
monitoring system
system using provides a
cloud structured
infrastructure solution that
uses camera
across the
parking lots
to capture
the parking
lots and uses
image
processing
to detect
available
free parking
slots from
the image
based on on-
time request
received
from the
user.
5 Development M. Venkata Sudhakar, 2021 It deals with
development
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 of smart A.V. Anoora Reddy,K. of mobile
parking Mounika, M.V. Sai application,
that is useful
management Kumar, T. Bharani
for user to
system access
detailed
information
about
parking
space and
managing it
efficiently in
parking lot.
6 Automatic Prabhu AV,Apparao January,2021 The proposed
technology is
vehicle Tolada,Jyotirmaya helpful in
parking space Mishra,S maintaining
parking
booking Rajasoundran,Tharun effectively in the
system using Deepak congested urban
IOT communities
using Raspberry
Pi. In addition,
the usage of
Open CV
technology
detects the
presence of cars
and its location
sectors.
7 Internet of Pradeep Bedi, February,2021 The
things Muruguganantham proposed
parking
oriented Ponnusamy,
highlightsof
elegant P.Ashokkumar,S.Saranya, an IoT
parking S.Hariharan module that
method for is exploited
smart cities to VDT and
signalize the
circumstance
of
convenience
of each sole
parking dot.
8 Automatic Dr Y Raghavender Rao September,2021 It focuses on
Smart reducing the
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 Parking time in
System using finding the
Internet of parking lots
Things and also it
avoids the
unnecessary
travelling
through
filled
parking lots
in a parking
area.
9 Automatic Chenxu Li , Haobin Jiang , December,2020 It
Parking Path Shidian Ma , Shaokang innovatively
Planning and Jiang and Yue Li. proposes
Tracking preview
Control correction
Research for which can be
Intelligent applied to
Vehicles parking path
planning,
and detects
the curvature
outliers in
the parking
path through
the preview
algorithm.
10 Car Parking S.Sharmila Devi , Blessy It highlights
System Using Angel J.J.R. ,Deepa.M. , a safe and
FPGA Kaaviya.A.I. efficient car
parking
management
framework
using
Verilog
HDL.

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 3. Related work and Proposed work

• Finding vacancies is difficult. Finding an empty space quickly in a multi-storey garage is difficult, if
not impossible, especially on weekends or during public events.
• Almost 66 percent of customers can take more than 10 minutes to find seats at the end of the week or
during open events. At peak times, stadiums and shopping malls are flooded, and clients find it
difficult to find empty seats in these locations. Insufficient parking spaces for cars cause damping of
activities and dissatisfaction of drivers.
• We can get around this by using the intelligent parking assistant.
• As gasoline prices continue to rise, drivers will do anything to conserve energy in their vehicles.
During peak hours, they have to wait a long time at the entrance gate to find a free parking space.
• As a result, users will waste time and energy searching for replacement space. Last but not least, the
main problem of the parking system is the lack of free parking spaces. The reason may be poor
planning of areas by developers.
• In addition, the user-friendly system lacked useful information. When a parking spot is at its busiest,
the user will search the same spot for a parking spot several times before finding one, if they're lucky.
The operator of the parking lot did not always post a notice that the area is full and it is not possible to
park.

As a consequence, to keep away from such hassle we have come up with the prototype
ofsmart parking system,designed using AutoDesk TinkerCad that's capable of overcoming
these troubles to a splendid extent. Smart car parking system is,thus, an automated, bendy,
consumer friendly system because the booking of parking slot for the driver’s car is made
viable.

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 4.Components Required

1. ARDUINO UNO
The Arduino Uno is an open source microcontroller board developed by Arduino.cc and based on
Microchip's ATmega328P microprocessor. The board includes digital and analog input/output (I/O) pins
that can be used to connect to expansion boards (shields) and other circuitry. The board has 14 digital I/O
pins (6 of which are PWM capable) and 6 analog I/O pins, which can be programmed with the Arduino IDE
(integrated development environment) via a USB type B cable. increase. It can be powered by a USB cable
or an external 9 volt battery with 7 to 20 volts. This is similar to the Arduino Nano and
Leonardo microcontrollers. The
hardware reference design is available on the Arduino website under a Creative Commons Attribution
Share-Alike 2.5 license. Layout and manufacturing files are also available for some versions of the
hardware.

The Italian word "uno" means "one" and was chosen to represent the first version of the Arduino software.
The Arduino Uno board is his first USB-based Arduino board. With version 1.0 of the Arduino IDE,
it served as the standard version of Arduino and was later superseded by newer versions.
The on-board ATmega328 is pre-programmed with a bootloader and can be updated without the need for
an external hardware programmer.
The Uno communicates using the original STK500 protocol, but unlike all previous boards it doesn't use the
FTDI USB-to-Serial driver chip.
Instead, a USB-to-serial converter based on the Atmega16U2 (Atmega8U2 up to version R2) is used.

3) SERVO MOTOR:
Servomotors are linear or rotary actuators that precisely control angular or linear position, velocity,and
acceleration. It consists of suitable motors and position feedback sensors. It also requires a complex
controller, often a separate module made specifically for the servo motor. The term servo motor is
commonly used to refer to motors suitable for use in

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closed-loop control systems, but not to any specific type of motor. Stepper motors have an inherent ability to
adjust their position because they incorporate an output stage. Servo motors are often used as a powerful
alternative to the
.Their drive signals specify the number of increments of rotational motion, so they can often be used as open-
loop position controllers without the need for feedback encoders. However, to do this, the
controller must "know" where the stepper motors are at power up. As a result, on initial power-up, the
controller must start the stepper motor and rotate it to a known point, such as the end limit switch firing.
When you turn on the inkjet printer, the controller moves.

Leftmost and rightmost inkjet carriers for setting the end position. Regardless of the initial position on power-
up,
the servo motor will immediately rotate to the angle commanded by the controller until, for example, a limit
switch is activated.
When the inkjet printer is powered on, the controller moves the inkjet carrier
to the left end, moves it to the right end, and sets the end position. Regardless of its initial position when the
is powered up, the servo motor will immediately rotate to the angle commanded by the controller.
The performance of stepper motors is limited by the lack of feedback, as they can only drive
loads within their capacities. Otherwise, skipping steps under load can cause positioning problems
that require a system restart or readjustment. Servo motor encoders and controllers are an additional cost,
but they improve the overall system performance (in terms of speed, power, and accuracy) compared to the
capabilities of the base motor.
5) LCD DISPLAY
A liquid crystal display or LCD gets its name from its definition. It consists of matter in two different states,
solid and liquid. Liquid crystals are used to create visible images on LCDs.
Liquid crystal displays (LCDs) are ultra-thin screens commonly used in laptops,
televisions, mobile phones, and handheld video games. In contrast to cathode ray tube (CRT) technology,
LCD technology allows for significantly thinner displays. The parts that make up a liquid crystal display
include two polarizer filters and electrodes. LCD technology is used to display images in notebooks and
other electronic devices such as the
small computer. The lens projects light onto the liquid crystal layer. The
LCD screen works on the idea of blocking light rather than emitting light. The
LCD does not emit light and requires a backlight. We use devices with liquid crystal
displays that have replaced cathode ray tubes all the time. CRTs have the disadvantage
of using more power and being heavier and bulkier than LCDs.

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6) TINKERCAD SOFTWARE:
Tinkercad is a free online 3D modeling program that runs in your web browser and is known for its ease of
use. Since its release in 2011,
has become a popular platform for creating models for 3D printing as well as introducing constructive solid
geometry in schools.
Former Google engineer Kai Backmanand co-founder Mikko Mononen have shared his 3D modeling of
, especially the design of physics objects, with the aim of making it publicly available and
allowing users to express their own designs. , in 2010 he founded his Tinkercad in the EU. Creative
Commons License.

The tinkercad.com website was founded in 2011 as a web-based 3D modelling tool for WebGL-enabled
browsers, and the company relocated to San Francisco in 2012. Users had produced nearly 100,000 3D
designs by 2012. At a Maker Faire in May 2013, Autodesk announced acquisition of TinkerCad.
5.Working

ALGORITHM

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 ➢ Arduino UNO microcontroller is used.
➢ The engine acts as a checkpoint/gateway, allowing or disallowing actions based on the
detected presence of a car. The total number of free parking spaces has already been
determined.
➢ motor smoothly opens and closes checkpoint based on vehicle detection. In order to keep
track of available parking spaces, we need to make sure that all parking spaces are
occupied in a certain order and not randomly.

The project is divided into two sections for construction and operation: -
Entry part:
The servo motors, LCD, and ultrasonic sensor are all connected to an Arduino UNO microcontroller as part
of the project.When it senses the presence of a car, the servo motor acts as an entrance gate and opens and
closes. Parking spaces available for motorists are displayed on the LCD.
.

Exit part:
The final part of the project consists of an Arduino Uno connected to a servo motor and an object counter.
The entrance is opened and closed by a servo motor.

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6.Code

#include <Servo.h>
#include<LiquidCrystal.h>
LiquidCrystal lcd(12,11,5,4,3,2);//connected to RS,EN,D4,D5,D6,D7 of LCD display respectively
Servo myservo; // create servo object to control a servo

#define ServoM 7 //Connected to the servo motor.

#define Exit 9 //Pin connected to the EXIT sensor.
#define In 8 //Pin connected to the IN sensor.
#define Pwr 6 //Extra power pin for sensors(Don't connect servo's power to this!)
#define Gnd 10 //Extra groung pin for sensors(Don't connect servo's power to this!)
#define BarLow 90 //Low position of the barrier.
#define BarUp 177 //Up position of the barrier.
#define CAPACITY 7 //Capacity of the parking lot.

void setup(){
myservo.attach(ServoM); // attaches the servo.
lcd.begin(16,2);
lcd.print("Space left for");
pinMode(Gnd, OUTPUT);
pinMode(Pwr, OUTPUT);
pinMode(Exit, INPUT); // set "EXIT" sensor pin to input
pinMode(In, INPUT); // set "IN" sensor pin to input
digitalWrite(Gnd, LOW);
digitalWrite(Pwr, HIGH);
myservo.write(BarLow); //Barrier in the low position
// delay(1000);
}

int Available= 7; // Number of places available.

//================================================================
void loop(){
if (Available == 1){
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(1,0);
lcd.print("Space left for");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print(Available);
lcd.print(" car");
}else{
if (Available >= 1){
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(1,0);
lcd.print("Space left for");
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lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print(Available);
lcd.print(" cars");
}else{
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(1,0);
lcd.print("Sorry!");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("No place left!");
}
}

if(digitalRead(In)==1)
{
if(Available != 0){
Available--;
myservo.write(BarUp);
delay(3000);
myservo.write(BarLow);
}
}
if(digitalRead(Exit)==1)
{
if(Available != CAPACITY){
Available++;
myservo.write(BarUp);
delay(3000);
myservo.write(BarLow);
}
}
delay(20);
}
7.Simulation Results

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7.Results and Discussions
The IoT-based parking lot management system was able to detect the presence or absence of cars, display
the availability of parking spaces, and store the data in a database. Furthermore, the proposed parking
system has the advantage of being able to show the user the actual position of the parking space. According
to the results, the proposed parking system was a good idea and the best system to develop.Free parking
space.
8. Conclusions
Internet of Things (IoT) is a key concept used to build a proposed parking system using infrared sensors,
and this study proposes an effective method for identifying parking spaces To do. An IoT-based parking
management system was prototypedto help drivers find open or available parking spaces. This parking
system uses sensors to detect the presence or absence of cars and determines the availability of parking
spaces. The parking lot is constantly monitored and the data on the LCD screen is updated regularly. The
LCD screen shows the exact location of available parking spaces. A prototype of the system was designed
for a single bin location, but the concept can be extended to multiple bin locations. In addition, an interface
to the parking space management system was created for administrative purposes, recording the status of
parking spaces and the exact times when cars entered and exited parking spaces. The conclusions of the
proposed parking system are beneficial for implementation in each parking zone area and help drivers
quickly find available parking spaces. Additionally, the proposed parking system was evaluated using user
acceptance tests to determine the public acceptability of the proposed parking system. Most of the
respondents thought that the proposed parking system was a great concept and that it would be a great idea
to develop a parking system that would help cars find empty parking spaces quickly. As a result, it saves
time, energy and fuel, providing convenience to users.

This work might be expanded by creating a mobile app that allows

users to navigate, identify, and reserve a parking spot online.

9.References

[1] Kousalya, S., Priya, G. R., Vasanthi, R., & Venkatesh, B. (2018).” IOT Based Smart
Security and Smart Home Automation”. International Journal of Engineering Research &
Technology (IJERT), 2018

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[2] Gongjun Yan, Weiming Yang, Danda B. Rawat Stephan Olariu,“Smart Parking: Secure
and intelligent parking system” , IEEE intelligent transportation systems magazine, 2007.

[3] F. Abad, R. Bendahan, S. Wybo1, S. Bougnoux, C. Vestri, andT.Kakinami,“Parking

space detection”,inProc.14thWorldCongr.Intell. Transp. Syst., Oct. 2007.
[4] Jatuporn Chinrungrueng and Udomporn Sunantachaikul,“Smart Parking: An
Application of optical Wireless Sensor Network”, IEEE , 2007

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