CAMPUS JOURNALISM.

 Campus journalism is “that enjoyable activity of the staff of the

campus paper in collecting, organizing and presenting news, writing editorials, columns,
features, and literary articles, taking pictures, cartooning, copy reading, proofreading, dummying
& writing headlines”.

The term news Media refers to the groups that communicate information and news to people.
Most Americans get their information about government from the news media because it would
be impossible to gather all the news themselves. Media outlets have responded to the increasing
reliance of Americans on television and the Internet by making the news even more readily
available to people. There are three main types of news media: print media, broadcast media, and
the Internet.

Print Media
The oldest media forms are newspapers, magazines, journals, newsletters, and other printed
material. These publications are collectively known as the Print Media. Although print media
readership has declined in the last few decades, many Americans still read a newspaper every
day or a newsmagazine on a regular basis. The influence of print media is therefore significant.
Regular readers of print media tend to be more likely to be politically active.
The print media is responsible for more reporting than other news sources. Many news reports on
television, for example, are merely follow-up stories about news that first appeared in
newspapers. The top American newspapers, such as the New York Times, the Washington
Post, and the Los Angeles Times, often set the agenda for many other media sources.

The Newspaper Of Record

Because of its history of excellence and influence, the New York Times is sometimes called the
newspaper of record: If a story is not in the Times, it is not important. In 2003, however, the
newspaper suffered a major blow to its credibility when Times journalist Jayson Blair admitted
that he had fabricated some of his stories. The Times has since made extensive efforts to prevent
any similar scandals, but some readers have lost trust in the paper.

Broadcast Media
Broadcast Media are news reports broadcast via radio and television. Television news is hugely
important in the United States because more Americans get their news from television broadcasts
than from any other source.

Television News
The main broadcast networks—ABC, CBS, and NBC—each have a news division that
broadcasts a nightly news show. For the past fifty years, most Americans watched one or more of
these broadcasts. Since the 1980s, however, cable news channels have chipped away at the
broadcast networks. CNN and MSNBC both broadcast news around the clock. Because the cable
news channels are always broadcasting news programs, many people who want to follow a story
closely tune in to these stations first. The relatively new Fox network news program has also
drawn numerous viewers away from the big three networks.
Radio News
The other type of broadcast media is radio. Before the advent of television in the 1950s, most
Americans relied on radio broadcasts for their news. Although fewer Americans rely on radio as
their primary news source, many people still listen to radio news every day, especially during
morning and evening commutes. Local news stations have a particularly large audience because
they can report on local weather, traffic, and events.

Talk Radio
Since the 1980s, talk radio has emerged as a major force in broadcasting. Talk radio is a radio
format in which the hosts mix interviews with political commentary. As a result, many talk radio
shows are highly partisan. Conservatives have a strong hold on American talk radio through
programs hosted by influential commentators, such as Rush Limbaugh and Sean Hannity.

The Internet
The Internet is slowly transforming the news media because more Americans are relying on
online sources of news instead of traditional print and broadcast media. Americans surf the sites
of more traditional media outlets, such as NBC and CNN, but also turn to unique online news
sources such as weblogs. Websites can provide text, audio, and video information, all of the
ways traditional media are transmitted. The web also allows for a more interactive approach by
allowing people to personally tailor the news they receive via personalized web portals,
newsgroups, podcasts, and RSS feeds.

What is media literacy, and why is it important?

Topics: News Media
The word "literacy" usually describes the ability to read and write. Reading literacy and media
literacy have a lot in common. Reading starts with recognizing letters. Pretty soon, readers can
identify words -- and, most importantly, understand what those words mean. Readers then
become writers. With more experience, readers and writers develop strong literacy skills. (Learn
specifically about news literacy.)

Media literacy is the ability to identify different types of media and understand the messages
they're sending. Kids take in a huge amount of information from a wide array of sources, far
beyond the traditional media (TV, radio, newspapers, and magazines) of most parents' youth.
There are text messages, memes, viral videos, social media, video games, advertising, and more.
But all media shares one thing: Someone created it. And it was created for a reason.
Understanding that reason is the basis of media literacy. (Learn how to use movies and TV to
teach media literacy.)

The digital age has made it easy for anyone to create media. We don't always know who created
something, why they made it, and whether it's credible. This makes media literacy tricky to learn
and teach. Nonetheless, media literacy is an essential skill in the digital age.
Specifically, it helps kids:

 Learn to think critically. As kids evaluate media, they decide whether the messages
make sense, why certain information was included, what wasn't included, and what the
key ideas are. They learn to use examples to support their opinions. Then they can make
up their own minds about the information based on knowledge they already have.

 Become a smart consumer of products and information. Media literacy helps kids

learn how to determine whether something is credible. It also helps them determine the
"persuasive intent" of advertising and resist the techniques marketers use to sell products.

 Recognize point of view. Every creator has a perspective. Identifying an author's point of

view helps kids appreciate different perspectives. It also helps put information in the
context of what they already know -- or think they know.

 Create media responsibly. Recognizing your own point of view, saying what you want
to say how you want to say it, and understanding that your messages have an impact is
key to effective communication.

 Identify the role of media in our culture. From celebrity gossip to magazine covers to
memes, media is telling us something, shaping our understanding of the world, and even
compelling us to act or think in certain ways.

 Understand the author's goal. What does the author want you to take away from a piece
of media? Is it purely informative, is it trying to change your mind, or is it introducing
you to new ideas you've never heard of? When kids understand what type of influence
something has, they can make informed choices.

AN ACT PROVIDING FOR THE DEVELOPMENT AND PROMOTION OF CAMPUS

JOURNALISM AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Philippines in Congress

assembled:

SECTION 1. Title. - This Act shall be known and referred to as the "Campus Journalism Act of
1991.”

SEC. 2. Declaration of Policy. - It is the declared policy of the State to uphold and protect the
freedom of the press even at the campus level and to promote the development and growth of
campus journalism as a means of strengthening ethical values, encouraging critical and creative
thinking, and developing moral character and personal discipline of the Filipino youth.  In
furtherance of this policy, the State shall undertake various programs and projects aimed at
improving the journalistic skills of students concerned and promoting responsible and free
journalism.
SEC. 3. Definition of Terms. -
a. School. - An institution for learning in the elementary, secondary or tertiary level
comprised of the studentry, administration, faculty and non-faculty personnel;
b. Student Publication. - The issue of any printed material that is independently
published by, and which meets the needs and interests of, the studentry;
c. Student Journalist. - Any bona fide student enrolled for the current semester or term,
who has passed or met the qualification and standards of the editorial board.  He must
likewise maintain a satisfactory academic standing.
d. Editorial Board. - In the tertiary level, the editorial board shall be composed of
student journalists who have qualified in placement examinations.  In the case of
elementary and high school levels, the editorial board shall be composed of a duly
appointed faculty adviser, the editor who qualified and a representative of the Parents-
Teachers' Association, who will determine the editorial policies to be implemented by
the editor and staff members of the student publication concerned.

At the tertiary level, the editorial board may include a publication adviser at the option
of its members.

e. Editorial Policies. - A set of guidelines by which a student publication is operated and

managed, taking into account pertinent laws as well as the school administration’s
policies.  Said guidelines shall determine the frequency of publication, the manner of
selecting articles and features and other similar matters.
SEC. 4. Student Publication. - A student publication is published by the student body through an
editorial board and publication staff composed of students selected by fair and competitive
examinations.

Once the publication is established, its editorial board shall freely determine its editorial policies
and manage the publication's funds.

SEC. 5. Funding of Student Publication. - Funding for the student publication may include the
savings of the respective school's appropriations, student subscriptions, donations, and other
sources of funds.

In no instance shall the Department of Education, Culture and Sports or the school
administration concerned withhold the release of funds sourced from the savings of the
appropriations of the respective schools and other sources intended for the student publication. 
Subscription fees collected by the school administration shall be released automatically to the
student publication concerned.

SEC. 6. Publication Adviser. - The publication adviser shall be selected by the school
administration from a list of recommendees submitted by the publication staff.  The function of
the adviser shall be limited to one of technical guidance.

SEC. 7. Security of Tenure. - A member of the publication staff must maintain his or her status as
student in order to retain membership in the publication staff.  A student shall not be expelled or
suspended solely on the basis of articles he or she has written, or on the basis of the performance
of his or her duties in the student publication.

SEC. 8. Press Conferences and Training Seminars. - The Department of Education, Culture and
Sports shall sponsor periodic competitions, press conferences and training seminars in which
student-editors/writers and teacher-advisers of student publications in the elementary, secondary
and tertiary levels shall participate.  Such competitions, conferences and seminars shall be held at
the institutional, divisional, and regional levels, culminating with the holding of the annual
national elementary, secondary or tertiary School Press Conference in places of historical and/or
cultural interest in the country.

SEC. 9. Rules and Regulations. - The Department of Education, Culture and Sports, in
coordination with the officers of the national elementary, secondary or tertiary organizations or
official advisers of student publications, together with student journalists at the tertiary level and
existing organizations of student journalists, shall promulgate the rules and regulations necessary
for the effective implementation of this Act.

SEC. 10. Tax Exemption. - Pursuant to paragraph 4, Section 4, Article XIV of the Constitution,
all grants, endowments, donations, or contributions used actually, directly and exclusively for the
promotion of campus journalism as provided for in this Act shall be exempt from donor's or gift
tax.

SEC. 11. Appropriations. - For the initial year of implementation, the sum of Five million pesos
(P5,000,000.00) is hereby authorized to be charged against the savings from the current
appropriations of the Department of Education, Culture and Sports.

Thereafter, such amount as may be necessary shall be included in The General Appropriations
Act.

SEC. 12. Effectivity. - This Act shall take effect after fifteen (15) days following the completion
of its publication in the Official Gazette or in at least two (2) newspapers of general circulation.

HISTORY OF JOURNALISM. This spans the growth of technology and trade., marked by the
advent of specialized techniques for gathering and disseminating information on a regular
basis of "the scope of news available to us and the speed with which it is transmitted (Shannon &
Copeland, 2003).

JOURNALISM – is storytelling with a purpose. It is literature in a hurry.

EDITORIAL BOARD. this typically consists of a group of people in the journal’s field. They
act as ambassadors of the journal (Springer, 2021).

What is a campus journalist?

Definition of Campus Journalism Campus journalism is defined as “that enjoyable activity of the
staff of the campus paper in collecting, organizing and presenting news, writing editorials,
columns, features, and literary articles, taking pictures, cartooning, copy reading, proofreading,
dummying & writing headlines”.

What are the purposes of campus journalism?

Typically, a campus newspaper or magazine functions exactly how the media is supposed to –
reporting the news, help determine which issues should be discussed, and keep people actively
involved in society and politics.

What are the characteristics of a campus journalist?

You also need superior written, verbal and interpersonal skills to excel as a newspaper journalist.

 Ethics and Integrity. A solid ethical core characterizes a good journalist.

 Courage and Boldness.
 Expert Communication Skills.
 Knowledge of Technology.
 Investigative Skills.
When did campus journalism start?
The History of Journalism in the Philippine Islands (1933) and John Lent in the Philippine Mass
Communication (1964), the history of campus journalism in the Philippines started when the
University of Santo Tomas published El Liliputiense in 1890.

What is the origin of campus journalism?

In the text,  Ang Pamahayagan (1985) argued that the history of campus journalism in the
country started when the University of the Philippines published The College Folio, now The
Philippine Collegian, in 1910. Campus journalism provides students a voice. Student journalists
can act as the messengers of the student body.

What skills do you need to be a journalist?

Skills needed to be a journalist

 Communication. The primary role of a journalist is to communicate news, either written

or verbally.
 Attention to detail.
 Persistence.
 Research skills.
 Digital literacy.
  Logical reasoning and objectivity.
 Investigative reporting.
 Problem-solving skills

PRESS CONFERENCE. An interview was given by journalists by a prominent person to make

an announcement or answer questions.