5.

11

AKADEMİK KELİME LİSTESİ (WORD LIST)

WORD MEANING EXAMPLE SENTECE

1. approach

2. area

3. assessment

4. assume

5. authority

6. available

7. benefit

8. concept

9. consistent

10. constitutional

11. context

12. contract

13. create

14. data

15. definition

16. derive

17. distribution

18. economic

19. environment

20. establish

21. estimate

22. evidence

23. export

24. factor

25. financial

176
 WORD MEANING EXAMPLE SENTECE

26. formula

27. function

28. identify

29. income

30. indicate

31. individual

32. interpretation

33. involve

34. issue

35. labour

36. legal

37. legislation

38. major

39. method

40. occur

41. percent

42. period

43. policy

44. principle

45. procedure

46. process

47. require

48. research

49. response

50. role

51. section

52. sector

53. significant

54. similar

55. source

177
 WORD MEANING EXAMPLE SENTECE

56. specific

57. structure

58. theory

59. variable

60. achieve

61. acquisition

62. administration

63. affect

64. appropriate

65. aspect

66. assistance

67. category

68. chapter

69. commission

70. community

71. complex

72. computer

73. conclusion

74. conduct

75. consequence

76. construction

77. consumer

78. credit

79. cultural

80. design

81. distinction

82. element

83 equation

84. evaluation

85. feature

178
 WORD MEANING EXAMPLE SENTECE

86. focus

87. impact

88. injury

89. institute

90. investment

91. item

92. journal

93. maintenance

94. normal

95. obtaine

96. participation

97. perceive

98. positive

99. potential

100. previous

101. primary

102. purchase

103. range

104. region

105. regulation

106. relevant

107. resident

108. resource

109. restrict

110. security

111. sought

112. select

113. site

114. strategy

115. survey

179
 WORD MEANING EXAMPLE SENTECE

116. text

117. traditional

118. transfer

119. alternative

120. circumstance

121. comment

122. compensation

123. component

124. consent

125. considerable

126. constant

127. constraint

128. contribution

129. convention

130. coordination

131. core

132. corporate

133. corresponding

134. criteria

135. deduction

136. demonstrate

137. document

138. dominant

139. emphasis

140. ensure

141. exclude

142. framework

143. fund

144. illustrate

145. immigration

180
 WORD MEANING EXAMPLE SENTECE

146. imply

147. initial

148. instance

149. interaction

150. justification

151. layer

152. link

153. location

154. maximum

155. minority

156. negative

157. outcome

158. partnership

159. philosophy

160. physical

161. proportion

162. publish

163. reaction

164. register

165. reliance

166. remove

167. scheme

168. sequence

169. sex

170. shift

171. specify

172. sufficient

173. task

174. technical

175. techniques

181
 WORD MEANING EXAMPLE SENTECE

176. technology

177. validity

178. volume

179 access

180. adequate

181. annual

182. apparent

183. approximate

184. attitude

185. attribute

186. civil

187. code

188. commitment

189. communication

190. concentration

191. conference

192. contrast

193. cycle

194. debate

195. despite

196. dimension

197. domestic

198. emerge

199. error

200. ethnic

201. goal

202. granted

203. hence

204. hypothesis

205. implementation

182
 WORD MEANING EXAMPLE SENTECE

206. implication

207. impose

208. integration

209. internal

210. investigation

211. job

212. label

213. mechanism

214. obvious

215. occupational

216. option

217. output

218. overall

219. parallel

220. parameter

221. phase

222. predict

223. principal

224. prior

225. professional

226. project

227. promote

228. regime

229. resolution

230. retain

231. series

232. statistic

233. status

234. stress

235. subsequent

183
 WORD MEANING EXAMPLE SENTECE

236. sum

237. summary

238. undertaken

239. academic

240. adjustment

241. alter

242. amendment

243. aware

244. capacity

245. challenge

246. clause

247. compound

248. conflict

249. consultation

250. contact

251. decline

252. discretion

253. draft

254. enable

255. energy

256. enforcement

257. entity

258. equivalent

259. evolution

260. expansion

261. exposure

262. external

263. facilitate

264. fundamental

265. generate

184
 WORD MEANING EXAMPLE SENTECE

266. generation

267. image

268. liberal

269. licence

270. logic

271. marginal

272. medical

273. mental

274. modify

275. monitoring

276. network

277. notion

278. objective

279. orientation

280. perspective

281. precise

282. prime

283. psychology

284. pursue

285. ratio

286. reject

287 revenue

288. stability

289. style

290. substitution

291. sustainable

292. symbolic

293 target

294. transition

295. trend

185
 WORD MEANING EXAMPLE SENTECE

296. version

297. welfare

298. whereas

299. abstract

300. accurate

301. acknowledge

302. aggregate

303. allocation

304. assigne

305. attach

306. author

307. bond

308. brief

309. capable

310. cite

311. cooperative

312. discrimination

313. display

314. diversity

315. domain

316. edition

317. enhance

318. estate

319. exceed

320. expert

321. explicit

322. federal

323. fee

324. flexibility

325. furthermore

186
 WORD MEANING EXAMPLE SENTECE

326. gender

327. ignore

328. incentive

329. incidence

330. incorporate

331. index

332. inhibition

333. initiative

334. input

335. instruction

336. intelligence

337. interval

338. lecture

339. migration

340. minimum

341. ministry

342. motivation

343. neutral

344. nevertheless

345. overseas

346. preceding

347. presumption

348. rational

349. recovery

350. reveale

351. scope

352. subsidiary

353. tape

354. trace

355. transformation

187
 WORD MEANING EXAMPLE SENTECE

356. transport

357. underlying

358. utility

359. adaptation

360. adult

361. advocate

362. aid

363. channel

364. chemical

365. classical

366. comprehensive

367. comprise

368. confirme

369. contrary

370. converte

371. couple

372. decade

373. definite

374. deny

375. differentiation

376. disposal

377. dynamic

378. eliminate

379. empirical

380. equipment

381. extract

382. file

383. finite

384. foundation

385. global

188
 WORD MEANING EXAMPLE SENTECE

386. grade

387. guarantee

388. hierarchical

389. identical

390. ideology

391. infer

392. innovation

393. insert

394. intervention

395. isolate

396. media

397. mode

398. paradigm

399. phenomenon

400. priority

401. prohibit

402. publication

403. quotation

404. release

405. reverse

406. simulation

407. solely

408. somewhat

409. submit

410. successive

411. survive

412. thesis

413. topic

414. transmission

415. ultimately

189
 WORD MEANING EXAMPLE SENTECE

416. unique

417. visible

418. voluntary

419. abandon

420. accompany

421. accumulation

422. ambiguous

423. appendix

424. appreciation

425. arbitrary

426. automatically

427. bias

428. chart

429. clarity

430. conformity

431. commodity

432. complement

433. contemporary

434. contradiction

435. crucial

436. currency

437. denote

438. detect

439. deviation

440. displacement

441. dramatic

442. eventually

443. exhibit

444. exploitation

445. fluctuation

190
 WORD MEANING EXAMPLE SENTECE

446. guideline

447. highlight

448 implicit

449. induce

450. inevitably

451. infrastructure

452. inspection

453. intensity

454. manipulation

455. minimise

456. nuclear

457. offset

458. paragraph

459. plus

460. practitioner

461. predominantly

462. prospect

463. radical

464. random

465. reinforce

466. restore

467. revision

468. schedule

469. tension

470. termination

471. theme

472. thereby

473. uniform

474. vehicle

475. via

191
 WORD MEANING EXAMPLE SENTECE

476. virtually

477. widespread

478. visual

479. accommodation

480. analogous

481. anticipate

482. assurance

483. attain

484. behalf

485. bulk

486. cease

487. coherence

488. coincide

489. commence

490. incompatible

491. concurrent

492. confine

493. controversy

494. conversely

495. device

496. devote

497. diminish

498. distort

499. equal

500. duration

501. erosion

502. ethical

503. format

504. found

505. inherent

192
 WORD MEANING EXAMPLE SENTECE

506. insight

507. integral

508. intermediate

509. manual

510. mature

511. mediation

512. medium

513. military

514. minimal

515. mutual

516. norm

517. overlap

518. passive

519. portion

520. preliminary

521. protocol

522. qualitative

523. refine

524. relax

525. restraint

526. revolution

527. rigid

528. route

529. scenario

530. sphere

531. subordinate

532. supplementary

533. suspend

534. team

535. temporary

193
 WORD MEANING EXAMPLE SENTECE

536. trigger

537. unify

538. violation

539. vision

540. adjacent

541. albeit

542. assembly

543. collapse

544. colleague

545. compile

546. conceive

547. convince

548. depression

549. encounter

550. enormous

551. forthcoming

552. inclination

553. integrity

554. intrinsic

555. invoke

556. levy

557. likewise

558. nonetheless

559. notwithstanding

560. odd

561. ongoing

562. panel

563. persistent

564. pose

565. reluctant

194
 WORD MEANING EXAMPLE SENTECE

566 so-called

567. straightforward

568. undergo

569. whereby

570. final

195
 5.12

FAYDALI KELİME ÖBEKLERİ (COLLOCATIONS)

COMBINATION MEANING

to solve serious social problems ciddi sosyal problemleri çözmek

to take adequate security measures yeterli güvenlik önlemleri almak Governments should take adequate security measures on carbon
footprint.
will have to get used to alışmak zorunda kalacak Nurten will have to get used to study lesson.

will increase the number of homeless families evsiz ailelerin sayısını arttıracak

plays a significant role in water pollution su kirliliğinde önemli bir rol oynar

Policies aimed at tackling… … ile mücadele etmeyi hedefleyen politikalar Policies aimed at tackling global warming.

poor working conditions lead to .... kötü çalışma koşulları .... yol açar

huge amounts of data büyük miktarda veri

realistic solutions gerçekçi çözümler

rapid technological and cultural changes hızlı teknolojik ve kültürel değişimler

the international society uluslararası toplum

some of the world’s most polluted cities Dünyanın en kirli şehirlerinden bazıları Ist and Ank are some of the world’s most polluted cities.

rapid expansion of online shopping online alışverişin hızla yayılması Rapid expansion of online shopping has changed shopping habits.

Educational inequalities linked to higher
rates of violent crime
attracts hikers from around the world
cleaning up contaminated water
eğitimde fırsat eşitsizliği ile şiddet içeren Educational inequalities linked to lower rates of salary.
yüksek suç oranları bağlantılıdır.
dünyanın dört bir yanından yürüyüş yapan
kişileri cezp eder.
kirlenen/kirletilen suyu temizlemek Government should cleans up contaminated air.

profound changes in individuals’ lives bireylerin hayatlarındaki büyük değişiklikler Organizations must search profound changes in individuals’ lives.

to stick to the budget by avoiding credit-card kredi kartı kullanımından kaçınarak bütçeye
bağlı kalmak
to have time to hang out with my friends on hafta sonu arkadaşlarla takılmak için zaman
the weekend bulmak
to accelerate innovation yeniliklere hız vermek Scientists should accelerate innovations.
to address social and environmental problems toplumsal ve çevresel sorunlara yönelme Youth charity and org. address social and environmental problems.

have been a major tourist attraction for onlarca yıl turistlerin büyük ilgisiyle rağbet
decades bulmuştur.
may face discrimination at work işte ayrımcılıkla yüz yüze gelebilirler Many women may face discriminations at work.

college tuition and fees üniversite öğretim ücreti ve harçlar

could adversely affect tersine, kötü yönde etkileyebilmek Eating junk food can adversely affects our health.

difficult to implement uygulaması güç, yerine getirmesi zor Scientists should accelerate innovations but it is difficult to
implement.

listening to classical music to boost brain zeka performansını artırmak için klasik Playing instrument boosts brain performance.
performance müzik dinleme

196
 COMBINATION
to enable users to share their lives with friends around the
world
food prices are soaring to historical levels
Although college enrollment has continued to rise in recent
years
are vital for all of us
eating habits can be influenced by factors
demand for air travel continues to decline
are facing ecological disaster
to experience stress at workplace
to face serious water shortages
to forbid the consumption of alcohol
to receive less education than boys because of
discrimination, education expenses, and household duties
to reduce crime
to reduce water pollution
thanks to modern advances such as the rapid transportation
have attracted significant attention in the last few years
to judge people by their external appearances
has become a far less desirable place to live
the number of offences committed by girls
threaten food and water supplies
widespread use of advanced transport technology
to die from disease or starvation
to discuss a range of topics, including economic growth,
the environment
encouraging people to use less water
must be saved at all costs
keen on promoting the city as a tourist region
to feel very isolated and alone
has changed a lot over the years
has changed fundamentally over the past decade
low fuel consumption
MEANING
kullanıcılara, hayatlarını dünyanın birçok
yerindeki arkadaşlarıyla paylaşma imkanı
sağlamak
yiyecek fiyatları önemli boyutlara fırlıyor
son yıllarda üniversite kayıtlarındaki
artışın devam etmesine karşın
hepimiz için hayati derece önemli
yeme alışkanlıkları dış faktörlerden etkilenebilir
hava taşımacılığına olan talep azalmaya devam Demand for high price tv continues to d
ediyor
çevresel felaketlerle karşı karşıya kalıyorlar Endangered animals are facing ecologic
iş yerinde stres yaşamak
ciddi su kıtlığı ile karşı karşıya kalmak
alkol tüketimini yasaklamak
ayrımcılık, eğitim masrafları ve evdeki
sorumluluklar yüzünden erkeklerden daha az
eğitim almak
suçu azaltmak
su kirliliğini azaltmak
hızlı ulaşım gibi modern gelişmeler sayesinde
son yıllarda büyük ölçüde dikkat çekmiştir
insanları dış görünümleriyle yargılamak
yaşamak için çok daha az istenen bir yer haline
kızlar tarafından işlenen suçların sayısı
yiyecek ve su kaynaklarını tehdit etmek
gelişmiş ulaşım teknolojisinin yaygın kullanımı Widespread use of advance meta techno
hastalıktan ya da açlıktan ölmek
ekonomik büyüme ve çevreyi içeren çeşitli
konularda tartışmak
insanları daha az su kullanmaya teşvik etmek
her ne pahasına olursa olsun korunmalıdır, kurtarılmalıdır Nature must be saved at all costs.
şehri bir turistik bölge olarak tanıtmaya istekli
olmak
çok dışlanmış ve yalnız hissetmek
yıllar içinde çok değişmiştir
son on yılda büyük oranda değişmiştir.
düşük yakıt tüketimi
197
Online streaming enable users to share t
with friends around the world.
Fosil fuel’s prices are soaring to historic
Environment is vital for all of species.
Endangered animals face serious water s
Society should forbid the high consump
Gils receive less education than boys be
discrimination, education expenses and
household duties.
We should reduce water and air pollutio
Thanks to modern advances such as the
transportations.
Global warming has attracted significan
in the last few years
The number of offences committed by g
increased considerably.
Toxic wastes threaten food and water su
everyone think.
Many of Africans die from disease or sta
Local council discuss a range of topics i
economic growth and environment in ev
Government should encourage people to
water
They keen on promoting the scene as a k
People feel very isolated and alone
Habitat has changed a lot over the years
Environment has changed fundamentally
past decade
Low carbon consumption
have been swept under the carpet hasır altı edildi Unemployment has been swept under th

198
 COMBINATION MEANING

it is unrealistic to expect people to give up private cars insanların toplu taşıma için özel arabalarını It is unrealistic to expect people to give up
cars in favor of public transport.
in favor of mass transit bırakmalarını beklemek gerçekçi değildir

Not only would save energy and cut carbon dioxide sadece enerji tasarrufu ve karbondioksit Solar system not only would save energy an
carbon dioxide emissions, it would also enh
emissions, it would also enhance the… salınımını azaltmaz, aynı zamanda… arttırır. power deriving from sun.

would also help slow the rates of climate iklim değişikliğini ve ormanların yok olmasını Afforestation would also help slow the rate
climate change and deforestation.
change and yavaşlatmaya yardımcı olabilir

persistent and serious threat to marine life deniz hayatına süregelen ve ciddi tehdit

to come up with new and innovative and creative ways yeni, yenilikçi ve yaratıcı yollar ortaya bulmak, Governments should come up with new, in
önermek and creative solutions for deforestation.

the country has experienced massive changes recently ülke son zamanlarda çok büyük değişiklikler geçirdi Turkey has experienced massive changes re

have a tremendous impact on (…üzerinde) çok büyük etkisi olmak Lack of rain has a tremendous impact on dr

have made significant advances in technical fields teknik alanda önemli gelişmeler sağlamıştır Internet have made significant advances in
fields.

capitalism and consumerism have brought the world
to the brink of economic and environmental collapse
to help consumers identify what is good for them
exploitation of resources
kapitalizm ve tüketim toplumu dünyayı
ekonomik ve çevresel çöküşün eşiğine getirdi
tüketicilere onlar için neyin iyi olduğunu
belirlemede yardımcı olmak
kaynakların kötüye kullanımı
Capitalism and consumerism have brought
to the brink of economic and environmenta
Governments should help consumers identi
is good for them.
Main reason of drought is exploitation of re

one of the most devastating obstacles to development Afrika’nın gelişimindeki en yıkıcı engellerden biri One of the most devastating obstacles to
in Africa development in livestock.

to implement a comprehensive strategy to tackle
to invest in natural resources around the world
to provide convenience to consumers
to provide uncensored information
Use tough techniques to discipline children
do not have sufficient access to nutritious food
…ile baş etmek için kapsamlı bir strateji uygulamak People should implement a comprehensive
dünya genelinde doğal kaynaklara yatırım yapmak
müşterilere kolaylık, rahatlık sağlamak
sansürsüz bilgi sağlamak
çocukları terbiye etmek için sert yöntemler
kullanmak
besleyici besinlere yeteri kadar ulaşamamak
to tackle climate changes.
We should considerably invest in natural r
around the world.
Grocery owners must provide convenience
consumers.
Families use tough techniques to discipline
Many youngster do not have sufficient acce
nutritious food.

to provide people with basic human needs such as insanlara su, yiyecek, enerji ve barınma gibi Governments must provide people with bas
needs such as water, food, energy and shelt
water, food, energy and shelter temel ihtiyaçları sağlamak

may be insufficient to prevent önlemede yetersiz kalabilir These basic rules may be insufficient to pre
global warming.

to get to know each other better birbirini daha iyi tanımak Get to know each other better

means of communication iletişim aracı Means of communication is quite dangerou

to affect many areas of our lives hayatımızın pek çok alanını etkilemek Raises in the fossil fuels affect many areas
lives.

to fight against climate change iklim değişikliğine karşı mücadele etmek Governments must fight against climate ch

have been the main causes of global warming in the geçen yarı yüzyılda küresel ısınmanın ana sebepleri Overuse of natural resources have been the
past half century olmuştur causes of global warming in the past half ce

could have a disastrous effect on the world’s economy dünya ekonomisi üzerinde tahrip edici bir etkiye Raises in the fossil fuels could have a disas
sahip olabilir effect on the world’s economy.
200
200
 COMBINATION
can have a negative effect on the
to hit agricultural production across the world
to raise awareness of the critical link between forest and
climate change
to live without access to electricity, to healthcare and
education
to spend your time on interesting things rather than
repetitive work
to lead to more extreme weather, worse floods and
stronger winds
to take action over greenhouse gases
to take immediate action to address the problem
could adversely affect
to buy more fuel-efficient vehicles
to alleviate pollution
can double its current electrical generating capacity from şu anki rüzgardan elektrik üretme kapasitesini ikiye
wind
to encourage countries to take steps to reduce their
greenhouse emissions
to seek out like-minded people with similar interests
to develop clean energy sources like solar and wind power güneş ve rüzgar gücü gibi temiz enerji kaynakları
geliştirmek
may lead to a greener future for all cities in the world
to create renewable energy from wind, sun and other
Technologies
to have disastrous consequences for the world
climate researchers predict that
to take a central role in tackling climate change
Not only have countries become more
economically and environmentally
interdependent, but people have, too.
significantly fewer women apply for senior
positions in comparison with men
to tend to be better qualified
to provide a range of opportunities for women to
enhance their skills and contacts
MEANING
çevre üzerinde olumsuz bir etkisi olabilir
dünya genelindeki tarımsal üretimi etkilemek/vurmak Climate changes hit agricultural production
ormanlar ve iklim değişimi arasındaki kritik
bağlantıya olan farkındalığı arttırmak
elektriğe, sağlık hizmetlerine ve eğitime
erişimi olmadan yaşamak
benzer/monoton işler yerine ilginç şeylere vakit
harcamak
daha çetin hava koşullarına, daha kötü
sellere ve güçlü rüzgarlara sebep olmak
sera etkisi yaratan karşı önlem almak
problemle baş etmek için acil önlemler almak
kötü(olumsuz yönde) etkileyebilir
yakıt tasarrufu yapan araçlar satın almak
kirliliği azaltmak
katlayabilir
ülkeleri sera etkisi yaratan gazların yayılmasını
azaltmak için önlemler almaya teşvik etmek
benzer ilgi alanlarına sahip aynı kafa yapısında
insanları arayıp bulmak
dünyadaki tüm şehirlerde daha yeşil bir geleceğe yol Solar energy may lead to a greener future for al
açabilir
rüzgardan, güneşten ve diğer teknolojilerden
yenilenebilir enerji yaratmak
dünya için tahrip edici/feci sonuçları olmak
iklim araştırmacıları tahmin ediyor ki
iklim değişimi ile mücadelede kilit rol üstlenmek
Sadece ülkeler değil insanlar da ekonomik ve
çevresel olarak birbirine bağlı hale geldiler.
erkeklere kıyasla çok daha az kadın üst mertebelere
başvuruyor
daha kalifiyeli olma eğiliminde olmak
kadınlara yeteneklerini ve ilişkilerini geliştirmeleri
için geniş bir fırsat yelpazesi sağlamak
201
Fossil fuel can have a negative effect on the
environment.
across the world
Government must raise awareness of the critica
link between forest and climate change
Many people live without access to electricity,
healthcare and education in rural.
People should spend their time on interesting
things rather than repetitive things.
Climate changes lead to more extreme weather,
worse floods and stronger winds.
We should take action over greenhouse gases.
We should take immediate action to address the
global warming problems.
Over consumption of fat could adversely affect.
We should buy more fuel-efficient vehicles
Effective use of wind turbines can double its
current electrical generating capacity from wind
Organizations should encourage countries to
take steps to reduce their greenhouse emissions
Scientists have to develop clean energy sources
like solar and wind power.
cities in the world.
Our main aim is creating renewable energy
from wind, sun and other technologies.
Atom bombs have disastrous consequences for
the world.
Climate researchers predict that ….
People take a central role in tackling climate
change
Significantly fewer women apply for senior
positions in comparison with men.
Women tend to be better qualified on driving.
Many company provide a range of opportunitie
for women to enhance their skills and contacts.
202
 COMBINATION
to release more carbon into the
control climate change
to come up with predictions for our future
environment and weather
are all dependent on our climate and weather
Disasters have been happening more
frequently in the last thirty years
does not pose any environmental risk
to depend heavily on economic circumstances
for this to happen
to make college more affordable and attainable
exercise makes us not only healthy but also happy
to yearn for
to win back the public trust
to make a lot of money
to make an enormous effort
to make considerable progress
to make considerable contributions
to make universities less competitive
online shopping is booming in the UK
to left a marked impact upon him
to postpone having a family
poverty is widespread across the developing countries fakirlik gelişmekte olan ülkelerde yaygındır
reusable shopping bags
scientist estimate that smoking reduces life
expectancy by around 12 years on average
to worry about immigration and globalization
throughout their entire life
cultural bias
support reform and promote development
to contribute to economic development and
employment creation
will grow rapidly over the coming decades
people living in the EU
MEANING
atmosfere daha çok karbon salmak
iklim değişimini kontrol altına almak
gelecekteki çevremiz ve havamız ile
ilgili tahminler ortaya atmak
iklimimize ve havamıza bağlı olmak
son otuz yıldır felaketler daha sık
gerçekleşmektedir
çevresel bir risk oluşturmamak
büyük oranda ekonomik koşullara bağlı olmak Pleasures depend heavily on economic circumstan
bunun olması için
üniversiteyi ucuz ve ulaşılabilir yapmak
spor bizi sadece sağlıklı yapmaz, mutlu da eder Exercise makes us not only healthy but also happy
can atmak
halkın güvenini geri kazanmak
çok para kazanmak
çok çabalamak
çok büyük gelişim göstermek
büyük katkılarda bulunmak
üniversiteleri daha az rekabetçi hale getirmek
online alışveriş İngiltere’de hızla artıyor
üzerinde belirgin bir etki bıraktı
aile sahibi olmayı ertelemek
tekrar kullanılabilen alışveriş çantaları
bilim adamları sigaranın ortalama ömrü
12 yıl kısalttığını tahmin ediyor
göç ve küreselleşme hakkında endişelenmek
bütün yaşamları boyunca
kültürel önyargı
değişimi desteklemek ve gelişimi teşvik etmek Governments must support reform and promote
ekonomik gelişme ve istihdam oluşturmaya
katkıda bulunmak
gelecek on yıllarda hızla artacak
Avrupa Birliği’ne üye ülkelerde yaşayan
insanlar
203
Fossil fuel cars release more carbon into atmosphe
It is impossible control climate change
Agricultural products are all dependent on our clim
weather.
Disasters have been happening more frequently in
century.
Pest use pose catastrophic environmental risk.
I have to work hard for this to happen.
Governments must make collage more affordable
attainable.
The last political party should win back the public
I make a great effort to take band 6.5 on IELTS.
I have made considerable progress on English.
Scientists make considerable contributions to prev
Government makes universities less competitive.
Online shopping is booming in Turkey.
He lefts a marked impact on her.
Poverty is widespread across the developing coun
We should use reusable shopping bags for clean n
Scientists estimate that smoking reduces life expe
around 12 years on average.
Many people worry about globalization and immi
I will remember throughout my entire life.
We should break down cultural bias about Indian
development in technological change.
Private sector may contributes to economic develo
and employment creation.
Devastating storms will grow rapidly over the com
decades.
204
 COMBINATION
to implement a comprehensive strategy to tackle
to face far more serious hazards
peace, prosperity and freedom
improving the everyday lives of people
Access to education and health services
strong female participation in the workforce
about two million people prematurely die
every year due to air pollution
to reduce greenhouse gas production
renewable energy sources
millions of people who earn their living from
farming
to hold conferences on globalization in recent
years
to talk about current events
to lost faith in political solutions
to play a critical role in children’s educational
achievement
to develop different learning skills
to reduce poverty and improve living standards
for people in the developing world
to confront the threat of climate change
to provide better education and employment
opportunities
the rest of his life
the quality of the product
technological innovations
the city’s growing demand for drinking water
to underestimate the possible economic
consequences
are so addicted to the internet that
is leading to dramatic declines in numbers of fish balık sayısında önemli ölçüde düşüşe yol açıyor
phone addiction
to prepare students for the information society
to reduce taxes on food stuffs
to focus on economic issues
lack of access to safe drinking water
MEANING
mücadele etmek için kapsamlı bir strateji uygulamak
çok daha ciddi tehlikelerle karşılaşmak
huzur, refah ve özgürlük
insanların günlük hayatlarını geliştirmek
eğitim ve sağlık hizmetlerine erişim
işgücüne kadınların fazla katılımı
hava kirliliği yüzünden her yıl yaklaşık iki milyon
insan erken ölür
sera gazlarının üretimini azaltmak
yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları
yaşamını tarımdan kazanan milyonlarca insan
son yıllarda küreselleşme üzerine konferanslar
düzenlemek
güncel konularda konuşmak
politik çözümlere olan inancı kaybetmek
çocukların eğitim hayatlarındaki başarısında
önemli bir rol oynamak
farklı öğrenme becerileri geliştirmek
yoksulluğu azaltmak ve gelişmekte olan ülkelerdeki
insanların yaşam standartlarını geliştirmek
iklim değişimi sorunu/tehditi ile karşı karşıya kalmak
daha iyi eğitim ve iş imkanı sağlamak
hayatının geri kalanı
ürünün kalitesi
teknolojik yenilikler
içme suyu için şehrin artan talebi
olası ekonomik sonuçları küçümsemek
internete o kadar bağımlılar ki
telefon bağımlılığı
öğrencileri bilgi toplumuna hazırlamak
gıda maddelerinin vergisini azaltmak
ekonomik konular üzerine odaklanmak
temiz içme suyuna erişimden yoksunluk
205
People should implement a comprehensive s
tackle global warming.
People request a bit peace, prosperity and fre
Access to education and health services are v
Strong female participation in the workforce
About two million people prematurely die ev
due to air pollution.
Government encourage to reduce greenhouse
production.
Use of the renewable energy sources is benef
There are millions of people who earn their l
from farming
We have to talk about current events.
Voter lost their faith in political solutions.
A comprehensive family plays a critical role
children’s educational achievement.
Teachers must develop different learning ski
International organizations should reduce po
improve living standards for people who live
developing world.
We confront the threat of climate change.
Economic progresses must provide better edu
and employment opportunities.
He will be regret her in the rest of his life.
The quality of the product is better than quan
Technological innovation could change worl
The city’s growing demand for drinking wate
The politic party underestimates the possible
economic consequences that will come with
Young generations are so addicted to the inte
Water pollution is leading to dramatic declin
numbers of fish
Young generations have phone addiction
Teachers should prepare students for the info
society
Governments should reduce taxes on food stu
One third of the Africans have lacked of acce
drinking water
206
 COMBINATION MEANING

to protect people from secondhand smoke insanları pasif içicilikten korumak

to overcome social and economic inequality sosyal ve ekonomik eşitsizliğin üstesinden gelmek Our society overcome social and economic ine

mitigating global warming küresel ısınmanın etkilerini azaltmak

more common in women than in men kadınlarda erkeklerde olduğundan daha yaygındır Jealous is more common in women than in me

must be realistic about the prospects of success başarı ihtimali konusunda gerçekçi olmalı

enhancing the quality of their education eğitimlerinin kalitesini arttırmak Their main aim enhancing the quality of their e

to find it hard to keep up with ayak uydurmakta zorlanmak He find it hard to keep up with

for a significant period of time uzun bir süre boyunca For a significant period of time

for a variety of purposes çeşitli amaçlardan dolayı We handle gas emission for variety of purpose

has to be taken seriously ciddiye alınması gerek Global warming has to be taken seriously

growing populations in developing economies gelişmekte olan ekonomilerin artan nüfusu Growing populations in developing economies

will worsen over the next few years gelecek birkaç yılda kötüleşecek Will worsen over the next few years.

to affect the quality of life yaşam kalitesini etkilemek Using pills affects the quality of life.

unemployment rate has climbed işsizlik oranı tırmanmıştır Unemployment rate has climbed for few years

foreign investment yabancı yatırım Foreign investment

are still heavily depend on hala çokça …’ya bağımlı olmak Our economy are still heavily depend on foreig

to bring up children çocuk yetiştirmek I have brought up 3 children

has very limited resources sınırlı sayıda kaynağa sahip olmak

have a beneficial effect on health sağlık üzerinde olumlu bir etkiye sahip olmak Regular sports have a beneficial effect on healt

have a devastating impact upon many economies pek çok ekonomi üzerinde yıkıcı etkisi olmak Hurricane has a devastating impact on many ec

have become increasingly common in recent years son yıllarda oldukça yaygın hale gelmiştir Phone has become increasingly common in rec

has been an essential component of the industrial age endüstri çağının çok gerekli bir parçası haline gelmiştir Phone has been an essential component of the
age

needs foreign investment to create jobs and spur istihdam yaratmak ve alt yapıyı desteklemek
infrastructure development için yabancı yatırıma ihtiyaç duymak

deterioration in the behavior of primary school pupils ilkokul öğrencilerinin davranışlarındaki bozukluklar Deterioration in the behavior of primary schoo

güvenli içme suyu tedarik etmek için yapılan Water pollution has increased recently despite
despite a massive effort to provide safe drinking massive effort to provide safe drinking water
water büyük gayrete rağmen

the effect of advertising on children reklamın çocuklar üzerindeki etkisi The effect of advertising on children is more st

various countries around the world dünya çapındaki çeşitli ülkeler

the negative consequences of drinking alcohol alkol kullanımının olumsuz sonuçları The negative consequences of drinking alcoho
more dangerous.

revolution in communications technology iletişim teknolojisinde devrim niteliğinde

gelişmeler

207
208
 COMBINATION
to tackle poverty and hunger
has neither enough water nor electricity for the
population
a society where wide economic inequalities remain
should be tightly controlled
economic consequences of technological progress
to offer courses over the Internet
market their goods to customers anywhere in the
country
large urban areas where job opportunities are more
plentiful
should be given much higher priority than is now
city dwellers
to run on electricity rather than petrol
to attract people’s interest
to struggle with depression
to get rid of depression
to get rid of stress
to develop different learning skills
can occur any at any stage of your life
to underestimate the psychological importance of
having friends
will be much worse than expected
has deep roots in Turkish culture
In order to become healthy, happy and successful
individuals
use of multimedia materials in research and education araştırmada ve eğitimde multimedya materyallerin
abandon the countryside to seeking better jobs
or education in metropolitan areas
one of the most serious and politically delicate
problems facing Turkey today
to attract 25 million shoppers every year despite
the financial downturn
regarding migration as a problem, not as a an
opportunity
to pay in cash
have greatly improved during the past 20 years
MEANING
fakirlikle ve açlıkla mücadele etmek
nüfus için ne yeterli suya ne de elektriğe sahip olmak
hala çok büyük ekonomik eşitsizliklerin bulunduğu bir
toplum
çok sıkı bir şekilde kontrol edilmesi gerekir
teknolojik ilerlemenin ekonomik sonuçları
internet üzerinden ders vermek
ürünlerini ülkenin her yerindeki müşterilere pazarlamak
iş imkanlarının daha çok olduğu büyük kentsel bölgeler Marmara region have many large urban ar
şimdikinden daha fazla öncelik verilmeli
kent sakinleri
petrolden ziyade elektrikle çalışmak
insanların ilgisini çekmek
depresyonla mücadele etmek
depresyondan kurtulmak
stres atmak
farklı öğrenme becerileri geliştirmek
hayatının her alanında meydana çıkabilir
arkadaş sahibi olmanın psikolojik önemini hafife almak People underestimate the psychological
beklenenden çok daha kötü olacak
Türk kültüründe derin kökleri var
sağlıklı, mutlu ve başarılı bireyler olmak için
kullanımı
kentsel alanlarda daha iyi iş ve eğitim imkanları
aramak için kırsal alanları terk etmek
Türkiye’nin bugün karşılaştığı en ciddi ve politik
açıdan hassas problemlerinden biri
finansal krize rağmen her yıl 25 milyon müşteri
çekmek
göçü bir fırsat olarak değil de bir problem olarak
yaklaşmak
nakit ödemek
son yirmi yılda çok gelişmiştir
209
Governments tackle poverty and hunger
Turkey has neither enough water nor elect
the population
Turkey has a cosmopolite society where w
economic inequalities remain
Milk production should be tightly controll
We should focus on economic consequenc
technological progress
where job opportunities are more plentifu
Should be given much higher priority than
for global warming
City dwellers, rural dwellers
We should design cars which run on elect
rather than petrol
He struggles with depression
I want to get rid of stress.
importance of having friend
Scarcity of water will be much worse than
expected
We should do exercise regular base in ord
become healthy, happy and successful ind
Use of multimedia materials in research a
education is critically important.
People abandon the countryside for seekin
jobs or education in metropolitan areas
Apple attract 25 million shoppers every y
despite the financial downturn.
Governments should critic regarding migr
a problem, not as an opportunity
I like to pay in cash
IT industries have greatly improved durin
for a variety of reasons pek çok neden yüzünden I abandon the countryside for a variety of

210
 COMBINATION MEANING
cell phones that have access to the Internet internete erişimi olan cep telefonları

breathtaking view nefes kesen manzara I have never seen such a breathtaking view

an important part of human life insan hayatının önemli bir parçası Childhood is an important part of human life

an effective means of communication etkili bir iletişim aracı Cell phones are an effective means of communica

to commit crime suç işlemek More girls commit crime than boys

is an everyday feature of life günlük hayatın olağan bir parçası

to provide better sport facilities for young people gençlere daha iyi spor tesisleri sağlamak Local municipalities should provide better sport f
for young people

the reasons why people turn to crime insanların suça yönelmelerinin nedenleri There is a suspicious on reasons why people turn

have significant adverse health effects sağlık açısından önemli derecede zararlı etkileri High saturated sugar content have significant adv
vardır health effects
on the other side of the coin madalyonun diğer yüzünde

ageing populations and low birth rates yaşlanan nüfus ve düşük doğum oranları Ageing populations and low birth rate will prepar
the country
to spend a greater proportion of their income on food gelirlerinin çok büyük bir kısmını yemeğe
harcamak
to spend most of their time by watching TV zamanlarının çoğunu televizyon izleyerek I love to spend most of my time by watching tv
geçirmek
to take responsibility sorumluluk almak People who govern state, should take responsibili

to take the problem more seriously sorunu daha ciddiye almak People should take the health problems more serio

to work under difficult circumstances zor koşullar altında çalışmak Factory workers work under difficult circumstanc

a healthy economy sağlıklı bir ekonomi The only thing which we need is a healthy econom

the harmful effects of smoking sigara içmenin zararlı etkileri We can see the harmful effects of smoking on the

very few people çok az insan

fewer people daha az insan

lack of education eğitim eksikliği Country dwellers suffer from lack of education

lack of experience tecrübe eksikliği Many young people have difficulties due to lack o
experience

the main cause of road accidents trafik kazalarının ana sebebi Uncontrolled roads are the main cause of road acc

transportation means ulaşım aracı Buses are one of the transportation means

old-fashioned clothes/ideas demode kıyafetler/fikirler Most of people argue the old-fashioned farming m

old-fashioned farming methods modası geçmiş çiftçilik metodları

less developed nations az gelişmiş ülkeler Health problems have risen in less developed nati

a healthy lifestyle sağlıklı bir yaşam tarzı People want to take advantages of healthy lifestyl

chemicals that are harmful to the environment çevreye zararlı kimyasallar Chemicals are harmful to the environment

gelişmiş endüstriyel toplumlardaki High levels of unemployment in the advanced ind

high levels of unemployment in the advanced societies lead to inflations.
industrial societies yüksek orandaki işsizlik seviyeleri

211
212
 COMBINATION MEANING

are fairly common among children çocuklar arasında oldukça yaygındır Playing computer game is fairly common among c

harms children’s development çocukların gelişimine zarar verir Playing video game harms children’s developmen

should take at least an hour of moderate exercise a haftada en az bir saat düzenli egzersiz yapmalı
week
to affect people positively insanları olumlu etkilemek Walking affects people positively

to consume fewer resources daha az kaynak tüketmek Educated people consume fewer resources while w

will become more valuable in coming years gelecek yıllarda çok daha değerli olacak Renewable resources will become more valuable
years

is more effective than many of us realize pek çoğumuzun fark ettiğinden çok daha etkili Pesticide is more effective than many of us realize

to face many obstacles pek çok engelle karşılaşmak Zealous people face many obstacles on work and

to overcome obstacles engellerin üstesinden gelmek Zealous people easily overcome obstacles

are vital for cognitive and social development bilişsel ve sosyal gelişim için çok önemli olmak Being healthy is vital for cognitive and social dev

are damaging family ties aile bağlarına zarar veriyor Smoking is damaging family ties

is increasing faster in comparison to other countries in Avrupa’daki diğer ülkelere kıyasla çok daha Unemployment is increasing faster in comparison
Europe hızlı artıyor countries in Europe.

to take climate change seriously iklim değişikliğini ciddiye almak Many organizations take climate change seriously

to gain experience in work life iş yaşamında tecrübe kazanmak I work hard to gain experiences in work life.

have little in common çok az ortak noktası olmak We have little in common

permanent employment kalıcı istihdam People want to reach permanent employment.

an indispensable part of human life insan hayatının vazgeçilmez parçası

research facilities araştırma tesisleri
far more drastic measures çok daha etkili önlemler

increased consumption of petrol artan petrol tüketimi Increased consumption of petrol have affected env
negatively
live in a crowded family kalabalık bir ailede yaşamak Living in a crowded family enhance family ties

Amazon rainforest will probably disappear entirely bu yüzyılın sonuna kadar Amazon yağmur ormanları
by the end of this century büyük ihtimalle tamamen yok olacak
have lost faith in government devlete olan inancını yitirdi Especially young generation have lost faith in gov

people should bear in mind that insanlar şunu akıllarında tutmalıdır ki People should bear in mind that

protein-rich foods such as fish and meat balık ve kırmızı et gibi protein bakımından I enjoy while eating protein-rich foods such as fis
zengin yiyecekler meat
to bring a lasting peace to the region bölgeye kalıcı barış getirmek Turkey plan to bring a lasting peace to the region

to lack reliable information güvenilir bilgiden yoksun olmak Online context lack reliable information

human beings are naturally dependent on one another insanoğlu tabiatı gereği birbirine bağımlıdır. Human being is naturally dependent on eating and

to cope with problems problemlerle baş etmek Need of young people is encouraged to cope with

needs of young people gençlerin ihtiyaçları Needs of young people are encouraged to invest in

to recognize Internet addiction as a clinical disease internet bağımlılığını klinik bir rahatsızlık olarak Families should recognize the internet addiction a
kabul etmek clinical disease.

to tackle increasing level of obesity artan obezite seviyesiyle mücadele etmek Governments should tackle increasing level of ob

213
214
 COMBINATION MEANING
to do little to prevent global warming and küresel ısınmayı ve çevresel bozulmayı Governments do little to prevent global warming and
environmental deterioration
environmental deterioration önlemek için çok az şey yapmak

to get in touch with people with similar interests aynı ilgi alanlarına sahip insanlarla iletişimde I love to get in touch with people with similar interest
kalmak
compose big problems for small farmers küçük çiftçiler için büyük problemler Increasing rates on fuels pose big problems for small
oluşturuyor farmers

to assess the impact of advertising reklamların etkilerini değerlendirmek Council assesses the impact of advertising

to generate electricity elektrik üretmek Wind turbines generate electricity

excessive caffeine consumption aşırı kafein tüketimi Excessive caffeine consumption is dangerous

cleaning up contaminated water kirletilen suyu temizlemek Cleaning up contaminated water is civic duty

cannot bear the consequences of sonuçlarını göze alamamak Scientists cannot bear the consequences of global warm

to enable people to communicate with each other insanların birbirleriyle iletişim kurmalarını Cell phone enable people to communicate with each ot
sağlamak

eco-friendly products çevre dostu ürünler Scientists should focus to produce eco-friendly product

energy is the lifeblood of modern economies enerji modern ekonomilerin can damarıdır Energy is the lifeblood of modern economies

for their own sake kendi iyilikleri için They should study hard for their own sake

growing use of computers and the Internet by children bilgisayar ve internetin çocuklar tarafından artan Growing use of internet and computers by children hav
kullanımı posed big problems for their parents

scarcity of public parking park alanlarının yetersizliği Scarcity of public parking has posed big problems for
drivers.

water scarcity su kıtlığı/azlığı Water scarcity will pose big problems for humankind

multinational corporations çok uluslu şirketler Multinational corporations have tackled increasing pov
rate
poverty rate yoksulluk oranı Multinational corporations try to tackle increasing pove
rate
junk food abur cubur

advertising campaigns reklam kampanyaları Advertising campaigns are more beneficial altering pub
mindset.
to sit at a computer all day bütün gün bilgisayar başında oturmak

is more beneficial daha faydalı Advertising campaigns are more beneficial altering pub
mindset.