B.

Characteristics for the aggregate

Justification;
i. Quality of aggregates:
The quality of aggregate is good
ii. Specific density:
The specific densities are partially correct depending on the nature and
characteristics of the aggregates.
iii. Sand equivalence:
For C Sand
Since the percentage of c sand is 64% which is less than 80% hence the sample
needs to be washed to remove clay making c sand not good for concrete works.
for R Sand
Since the percentage of R sand is 97% which is greather than 80% hence the
sample is very good for concrete works.
iv. Flakeness coefficient:
For 5/165 since its 12% less than 20% hence it has more rounded
and regular shaped aggregates good for concrete works.
For 16/25 since its 10% less than 20% hence still have more rounded and regular shaped
aggregates good for concrete works.
v. Cleanliness coefficient:
For 5/165 since 99.1% greather than 99% hence no more cleaning is necessary.
For 16/25 since 99.4% greather than 99% hence no more cleaning is still necessary.
vi. Los Angeles:
For 5/165 since 29 which is less than 35 hence has a good crushing strength.

C. Nature of cement
For this logbessou vicinity the true class of concrete used is the class II type.
Cement exposure class XD3
Max w/c 0.45
Min strength class C35/45
Min cement content 320

Cement type CEM II has an approximate resistance of 42.5 making a strength of 45 MPa.
The test to assure the performance of this cement type is the slump test. We have to note that
the slump test is good when our slump is in the range between (5-10cm).
D. Quality of mixing water
vii. what is the role of water in concrete mix?
Water is the key ingredient, which when mixed with cement, forms a paste that binds the
aggregate together. The water causes the hardening of concrete through a process
called hydration.
viii. Qualities of water to be used for concrete mix?
In general, water that is fit for human consumption (potable) is acceptable for use as mixing
water. However, non-potable sources of water can also be used provided the source does not
negatively impact the properties of concrete. The water shall be:
- Clean
- Shall not contain sugar
- Shall not contain sewage
- Shall not contain organic substances
ix. Suitable sources of water in logbessou
Suitable sources of water in logbessou we have Tap water from CAMWATER.
 PART II: PPC mix design

a. Raft foundation design

5+10
Class S2= 5.10 cm ¿ normal workability = = 7.5
2
And
16+22
Class S4= 16.22 cm¿ entrance workability = =19
2
With,
Area = 500m2
Bearing capacity= 1.5 bars
If our cement type CEM II = 42.5.
C
With true strength = 45 MPa and exposure class is XD3 ≈ = 2.22
W
w
Then , dosage: comparing ratio and dump = 450 kg/m3
c
NB
It should be noted that the minimum strength of concrete will depend on the exposition class
which is “XD3”.
w
b. calculate ratio :
c
C c γ 28'
γ 28’= G γ c’( −0.5 )→ = +0.5 Dmax= 3.15 mm
W w G× γc '
Again, γ 28’ = γ c’(1.15) = 35(1.15)= 40.25MPa
Then,
G’=0.5 since 20 ≤ Dmax≤ 31.5mm
c.
c 40.25 w
= +0.5 = 2.14 ; = 0.47
w 0.5 ×45 c

d. Determination of the optimal mix (OAB curve)

 {
Dmax
if Dmax ≤ 20 mm
Point O: {
Xo=0.08 mm
Yo=100 %
A=
mod ( αA )=
2
Dmax +38
if Dmax >20 mm
2

( )
31.5+38
A=
Xa=mod ( αa )=
2
=34.75

Ya=50−√ 1.25 Dmax + K =37.84

'
B= (Yb=100 %)
Xb=3.15

K’=K + ks + kp
Ks=6×Fm-15→ 6×2.48-15 = -0.12
Kp= +5, +10
K’= K + Kp + Ks = 10-4-0.12 =5.88
From sieve analysis graph
α 0/5 = 37%
α 5/16 = 29%
α 15/25 = 34%

e. Masses of aggregate fraction of the cement dosage and the amount of water require
for 1m3 of concrete
γ = C0 + C 1 + C1
C0 = since Dmax = 31.5mm ≈ 0.82 m3
C1= -0.01 rolled sand
C2=0 since normal weight aggregate.
G−350 450−350
C3= = = 0.02
5000 5000
γ =0.820-0.01+0.02= 0.83
γ = VCr + Vc → VCr = γ -VC
Cr 450
→VCr= γ - AN: VCr = 0.83×1000- = 684.83
R 3.1
 Design proportion Volume(m3) Specific γ Dosage

0/5 37 % 232.84 2.448 616.56

5/16 29 % 171.20 2.712 464.29

16/25 34 % 280.78 2.688 757.54

Cr 3.1 450

Wr 1.0 211.5

dosage

Design Mass(g) bulk γ Bulk vol (m3) Quantity of 1 bag of

cement
0/5 616.56 1.433 430.258 47.8 l ≈ 1 w barrow

5/16 464.29 1.542 301.09 1

33.45 l≈ w barrow
2

16/25 757.54 1.523 495.12 55.01l ≈ 1 w barrow

Cement 450 9 bags 1 bag

Water 211.5 211.5 23.5 l

Proportions of materials

f. Costing
Given that the distance is 18km, what precaution will be taken in order to transport batching and
mixing.
  Retarders should be use in other to avoid quick setting time when transportation.
 The aggregate should be batched proportionally to avoid shortage of concrete.
 When batching, the vibrating coefficient and the contracting coefficient should be
included in the mix.
 The w/c ratio should be formulated taking into consideration the strength of the
concrete needed.
 During transportation, avoid too much vibration which can lead to segregation.

1- Total cost of the project (raft foundation)

1- 1
Let the total load be Nu
Nu
Hence : surface area (Ad) =
δ
Where: Nu=
δ =¿
l
Also thickness of raft foundation (h) =
20
Where: l is the maximum span on supports

assumption
h=50cm, Ad= 500m2
then: volume of concrete in place (Vin)= (500) × (0.5) Vin=250m3

Cost per cubic meter of concrete = 350,000 fcfa/m3

Total cost = (350,000) × (250) + (0.25) × (350,000) × (250)
Inscription dans les collèges locaux, 2005
 unit Proportion

m3 250
Volume of concrete in place or needed

Cost per m3 of concrete

Fcfa /m3 350,000

Fcfa /m3 87,500

Cost of labor

Fcfa /m3 109,375,000

Total costing

cost of quantity for concrete

1.2-

{
R sand :15000 fcfa/m3
Gravel ( 5/16 ) :35000 fcfa /m3
Cement :110 fcfa /kg
Gravel ( 16/25 ) :35000 fcfa /m3
12000 fcfa
C sand :
m3
water :600 fcfa /m3
Designation Mass of Bulk bulk Quantity for 2 bags of
dosage(kg/m3) densit cement
y

Aggregate 409.35 1.542 265.47 1 1

wheel barrowand bucket
5/16 2 4
Aggregate 814.47 1.523 534.78 1 wheel barrow
16/25
Cr 488.55 2bags
Wr 200 200 1
2 buckets
2
C sand 414.68 1.523 272.78 1 1
wheel barrow and bucket
2 4
R sand 216.18 1.433 150.86 2 buckets

Table of the quantity of bags of cement

Designation Quantity for Unit price cost for 2 Cost for 2 bags
2 bags of bags of cement of cement
cement (fcfa)
5/16 1137.5

16/25 2100

cement 11000

water 120

C sand 390

R sand 300

total cost for 2bags 15,047.5 fcfa

Total cost for the raft 38,862,345
foundation fcfa

Table of the total cost