MODULE- 1.3 DISCRETE FOURLER TRANSFORMS (DFT) To perforsen frequency amalysis en a discrete time Sequence x(n), we convent time -domalu sequence fo an equivalomt frequency domain represemtation. eplyiong Fourier Tramforrm om x(n), we qe (oo) , Which is Comtinuoun And periodic Aumction af frequeny dt is mot a computationally comvemient ye presentation of the Sequence x(n). Representation o a Sequenct stn) by samples 0h tts } 4 f pes Spectrum X(w) is known the Discrete Fourier Tramsjoven (D PT ). FREQUENCY. DOMAIN SAMPLING §— W.K.T aperiodic ferite energy signals hase Comtimuew spectta. Fourier Tromsfoven (Ft) af Aperiodie DIS sem) is given by 64) . Xw)= AZ xe" —_@ M= -00 Since X(w) is periodic, with perioet on , oenty Socmpler in a fardarmemtak frequemey vomae are obtcumect by sampling periodically im frequemey at 4a a spacing of SW yadans between successive sacmples. We take N equidistont Sacmple im the interval 02w20T with 3 oclug Sw = 27, P N { 1 1 1 | | | I ' I roy sd ee | 9 eee, > Substituting, wos atk in a @, @ —jon oT ee J kn x (2x) = Zz x(n) @ oN —o@ M=- 00 whene Ke 0) 1;2);--.,No4 Summation im equ cam be subdivided iat ingjnite mnucmloan 4 Sumamatieus, where ede sum Comtalms N_ ferms. ee kn a x(t) = ot Z une N n=-N a em kn Z oct) ohne * 2 x(n) e tae400 IN+N-4 —j2 em Ey ott =-~@ n=IN Th we change the index im the immer summation from ~ to n-LN amd imlerchanoe the order of Summation, Wwe eet, N-l oe : x (ate) = S a(n - LN) oR) n=0} J=-00 Poy K=0) 1,2) ..,N-4 -j jam But eral -aNn) = Suet Ne ee jopedy aimed =4 when e@ Hd +o ott ° _ Joe oo x(2te) = 2 Z x(n 19| ene aco L te-@ L—6 Let x(n) = eZ xtm-dn) —®& =~ 00 xplm) is obtalued by the periodic repetition of s(n) every N sowmples. dt is periodic voit fumdormentort period N. sxpln) com hence be expamoad im a Fourier Series Nol . + 42m wink= AOE e wEM __6) k=0 N= 0)1,2,.-.,N-t aswith Fourter coefhicents, = eu = + z xp(m) © wen —6 N=0 Ke Ojtpe+-y Not Comparing equs © +O, CE = Ay (ate) SK=0,1)...NO —@ Substituting equ® in eq, bs jatien apn) = y(Ateye NT i N =o ( S ) ® Equation @) provides the recenstucion of the periodic signal pln) from the samples of the spectrum X(co}. Hower, to recody Klos) OY ln) from the samples certaim comditten needs to be satisfied. Since pC) js the periodlc extensien % cn)» it is clea thot x(n) Can be retovened from xp) ip fhere is 10 mo_aliasing im the time domain i.e, iP oclm) is time imited do dese than the period N of Xp (en).@) xp) - HT.., . @ p tote) : CT W2L “plen) HO ALIASING “Tani, Comeider 9, alm) ie a sequence mnonzera in the imterval o2M41-1. © When NZ (m) = tpl men om L, xlm) = 1pln) for penen 1[ & 6] Hewce x(n) Com be recovdud frorn peri). Whon N2L, '€ cammot be rewred dus ft, Ciane— domain aliasing. THE DISCRETE FOURLER TRANoFOEM (DFT) $en gqemeral , the eqpoly spaced lreqpency comers x(2t-e) PROM hh, do snk wriuohs vepren the origienad sequence, F210) Who “ny os duvalio.6 Imstead, the frequency sanples x(2%e) Covrespemnal fo a periode Sequence Xp) of period N, Whe Xplm) is am aliased version of xm) given by xp(m) = E wlan) = -00 When the Sequence x(m) has a fevite dusatien 4 Senet LEN, theu pl) is siernply a periodic repetitien 4 x(n), where p(n) over a siengle periool is given by, pl) = pa, Oemel-1 0, Lemen-4 Hence, the freqrency sacmples x (2m) , K=0,1,..,N uniquely represent the fimite duration Sequemee xlo), Since xl) = tpl) over a simate period ( padded by N-L 2eves), the original fimite duration sequence x(n) com be obtained from the prequemcy Saemples x (24) from equ ©. Suamenarising . A finite - duration sequence aln) 4 Jengts har a Fourier rans foram X(wo) = z auton) @ , 0fWeeT m=0 Limtts imdicat lm) is ze outsicle the vam eo O2m41-4. J+ When we Sample Xu) at equally spaced frequencies Gop= SME) K=O)..yN-2 Whe NZL, the samples are X(e) = x (AE) = Same Vefen N=0 ee —j20 em ty | Xk) = EZ. ume N Pees n= 0 arta) Upper imdex in the sum ha been imcreaved from L-£ to N-4 sionce x(n) =0 for m=EL. dhe above relation is a fovemule. fer Cramsforrniiong O sequence Soctord | demotr LEN imto a Sequence op brequemncy sanyples b xc} of demos N. Since , the prequesncy Sampler ake obtained b evaluating the Fourier tramstorm X(W) at a set of N Ceqptty spaced) discrete preqmemctes, the above relation is called discrete _Fouvier tromsfvam (DFT) of xl). Let Wy = eV | them oe kn we} Xk) = AB xr) wy Keon, n=0 el% dhe velotion which allows us dB recover the Sequence x(m ) from the frequency saemples is called the Imuerse DFT (IDFT), DET AS A LINEAR TRANFORMATION Wk, Nel DFT | ay} = X(k)= 2 xm) wr N=0 K=O,1,2,..., N-1 N-I - TDET } xe = xn) = + = x(k) Wen k=6 <0, 1)2,.-,N—1 —jot N Twiddle Factor where Wy = © From the abe equations we observe that the Computation. t each point of the DFT. requires N= Complex cmultiplicections amd (N-1) Commplex. additions. Heave, N=point DFT veqpives N” Complex smattiplicstions and N(N-1) complex additions. _q DET amd IDFT Caw be Wewed a dimear tawstor— mations om sequences { xem} and } xCe)} ,respectivety, Let us Geta: QO N-poimt vector xy of, the sigma Sequence alm), am N-poimt vedor Xy of Prequemuy Samples and A NXN matrix Wy as [ xlo) Xl) Xye | 20 Xy=] xt) L x(n) X(n-1) -7— . : o(N-1) Wn = we? oe a oe we? wit wir) “Cao | (HDA (N-1)Cn-1) | wi ‘No We J Wy r 4 Ove eee ee N-) 4 Wy We Wn 2(N-1) 4 Wy wy! : » Wn ‘ ’ ane (n-i)(nei) owt wat) whFrom the above dlfienitioms, the N-poimé DFT cam be expressed im matrix om aH Xu = WyXn ; Whae Wy is the matrix % the Linear transformation, We obserwe trot Wy Is a symmetric omatrix. If we assume thot tmvenrse of Wy exists dren IDET com be expressed im matrix hove n X= Wy Xi or] xy = 4 Wa Xwy whade Wit demotes the Complex onjugati. Of, Why. PROBLEMS 4) Compute the 4- poimt = DFT 1 a sequence aten) = | 4273, 4): Solm!— T- METHOD ¢ From the defn a DFT wkt, Nol pet} xen) = x(k) = & xl) wh” = j K=O; ye pN-| m=O Giver N=4, 2 kx a xKk) = EZ x) Wy N== rl) + 2G) + 20) Wy + aCe) Wy 3Ic [xe = 4 towP tang tag | 5 kona Twiddle Factors 3 For N=H, Fiyst four twiddle faders. B73 Wa=t Wy =-f 4 : 3 ° Wy=-j We =4 POWERS -j J car Use Wy = e a and a Solve. let r=0, X()= 4+ 2 +344 = 10 2 3 Let k=4, XC) = 4 $2Wy £3Wy + 4 Wy 4 4 2(-j) + 3-1) + 4G) i} -2+2) ul Lert, X(2) = 1 + 2wP + Swi +t 4we = t+ 2(-4) + 3(1) 440-4) = -2 a6 4 Let Kea, X@) = 4 b2Wy + Oy + 4 Wy eee te) meee al) ety (02) = =2-95 x xCe) = 4 10; =942)) -2, -9-95)\o Teron ¢- Xu = Xn Wy Xu & Xn > Row vectors oma) Xy = Xy Wy [4 asu4ulf[4 44 4 4 WE Wie Wy tow Wal vue Lowe We Wy! From periodicity Proparty of Wat eee ke = Wy and symmetry Propasty 5 wa - we wy -Creeu\fs + tt 4 -j -b J ieee ee i 4 j -bo Additiomal problems en DFT $- 2) alm) = fo) 412,38} for Nett ANS? X(k) = 6, 242), -2, -2-9}} 3) xm) = | 4; 2, 9, 4) doy NEU. ANS XC) =f 6 -1-}, 0, -14)h1d 4) ln) = Sen) + SGn-1) = S(m-2) ~ s(m-a) ~ } 1, 4, -4,-4) ANS} X(r) = ( 0, 2-2) , 0, 2425} 5) Find the H-polnt rper % x(k) = { lo, ay) +2], ~2 ,-2-2)}. Self = From the defn of IDFt, No} - rort 4 xle)} = x(n) = 1 Z. x(t) War” N “to T= Oh 2p.y N42 for Neu, 3 fer xm) = LE XC) Wy 4 ‘Zo xm) = [ Xo) + x) Wy + X(2) wy” +x(3) wa” | ax) = + [ 10 + (9424) way” + G2) Wy -31 = + (2-2) wa | 1 = O14, 2/3. TINIDDLE FACTORS$ Tor Ne4, 4 © Oo] —2 +] Wy = 4 Wy =-4 \ “48 3 ° 2—+——— 4 0 | Wy =-) j[ lo + (-242]) Wye + (C2) Wa? + (2-9)) Wa | [ to + G2t2})Cj) + C2(-2) + C2-2)))) | x(1) = = =o Let m=2, x(a al to 4 (249) wy? + Co) vy + C2-9]) wy ® | = y to + (-2423) (-1) + 2) (4) 462-95) (4) | xb) = “- = 3 Let m=%, (8) = i [" to 4 bate ao vy +2) Wy (2 }) Wa, v1 _ ‘ y a fe see = J4,2, 3,4 |ZI — METHOD ¢— CN “kn wet, wm) = + & X(kc) Wy ‘ Neo Abwe equatien carr also be written aa, = * —> Row = N Xn ww Xn Xn Vectors, Given N=4, % Xy = 7 Xy Wy 1 ‘ ht 4 4 Xq =f to (242j) -2 2-2)) : ‘ 4 j ---J 4-4 4 -4 4 -j -t J = LT 1 -2+9j-2-2-2} 4 4 -oj-2 +242)-2] = 4+ 3 \o -2) J a (0 $2-2)-2 42 424 4 Io WO 4o)42 42-2) 42 \6 NOTE 5 ANSWER do} a(n) = 1,2,3,4) Ts IN Row, REPRESENTED As COLOMN ONLY FoR CONVENIENCE,© Find the DET of xn) = Sem), Sol i- From dain ci DFT, Nol DET x(n) } = Xk) = 2 xm) we 2. N=0 N=I Hence, DFT Sén) } = az S¢n) rae N=0 WAT, S(m) = 4, of N=0 0; tor n¢0 DET L som} = StolWy = ty so) or $m) emtts + a find the DFT ob, x(m) = S(m-M). sol:— From the defin of DFT, mt kn DET j tnd} =X) = Z x Wr N=0 Noy kn Herrce, pet | stn-mo)} = FS S(m-m) Wy M=0 4, at N=No eri) -Mo) = ! \W.K-T, (nm) Vy a ko Go DET | Sm-m)} = SO) Wy? = Wyo” $(n-No) pele aejot © Fimd N-point DET gf x(n) = ewe". Solan — From de gienition 4 DFT N-I Der j cxler) | = xh) = & x(n) we 7: Hence, pet | ot aa aw N Noe n —j2 ¢y- ° 2 nl -[ ee t)] Z I XC) - Soh i -J2 (e- ko? = ___ _ fa I- a ak Keke, x(e) = & ; Using} L-Hospifals Method , (- ete) 6 — = - Tia Ce Ke) - _ jm eli Ce ts) 0 (-"§ " keEo Me KeKop © = jom.€ = N ssw 8 Jol.e N & Xe) = Nat Ke ko ak kK#Kko Xk) = N at k=ko [xGe = 6 Slee} m ed = | o fr Etk.) Find the DFT oh x(n) = et kom Slo'- From the defn of DFT, N vet ham} = xe) = S xen) wh” =o . N-1 vot =] = -j27 ‘J2M ben Hence, DET fe A koro} =e Teoma! N=0 \\ [ ox cereal n=O M - \ c—_ o ea WE fe a iN & J x NN ®3 20 Nt] y = Il-a@ - 21 Cette) a a- eR rl oe - O ak K= Ko, XC) = —- 0 Using L- Hospital Rode, - (-ie") el TICict ts) XQ) = \ — PT Ck +b) —)20 0. mac a) & yy keke atk=-te, X(kh)=e YU = N yA at kK t-ko, Xk) = 0 a Nat keko ce [xce) = N Se +o) | ov |x(e) = oot oy X(k) = N SCK-N tke) : man‘4 Find the N-point DFT of x(m) = Cos 2 kom N Solmi— From depo of DFT, N-I « DET {x(n } = Xk)= 4 xm we” M=0 per | tosl (om Teom){ = Z Tun) vn N N-t eA iat othe —)2M Jeon e N 20 cre Not 2M (k-Ko)n 2 Pre? = gen —~ m0 Nt MT (he +k) + ee 1 (etko i M=0 =e | NSCe- ko) + NS Cetta)h “ bos ( ver) pale & { Slee) + § Cettal @ Siamilos problem , a(n) = sim 20 kon ans: 30 (4 en) SM [ SCe- vo) Stet to)| >]20 (@ Fimd the 5-pamt DFT Hh x0n) = } i, 1,4] SelM; From the dep of DFT, ower y N-I Xe) = oat) wh mM=0 Q etl a R 3 a) I Ke Ot...) NOI Ghiveen N=S, a X(k) = = xn) we jp Ke 0,4, 2,3,4 XC) = elo) + CWE + 26) Wale + U2) We # Cu) Wel yle) = 2 EW We | kein a,34 | Twiddle Fadtyst N 8.it _—_ dav nes, © —\0 -20 x(S) = + , Ss +(\-j) Wg + We HO) 03%? | k fs eG-s +e) + Gagpen kK s+i--! -3-7} $ \l “ fo m=b, x6) = + }s +0-j) we” +We “ We \s eO-a) +1 + Gin} ol- i ont tat2s formet, a9) = ths +(- De" a + (itp) We “jp a | s +(-J)(-j) #@G) +a} +4 ul s -j+p-itj+r} a i vo x(n) = frre tte, () Find er of the sequence moe oem eo. 0, etherwise ~£\- dy ee, Plob |XCe)| 2 ZX(e). Selmi From the dain of DET, N-I ke per haem} = xe) = A ln) Wy N=0 for N=8, 53 tm) nee . Dk) ean emer ett N= 0 414,41} Given 9C(m)26 ci k oe bo X(c) = 4 + We + We F0+ 0404040 ee a 3 | xt = Lt Wet Wen |, = Ol 2 t Twiddle Fadors fev N=8 Wy = 4 eer We” = 0-404 - jot We = — 0-407 + jo toF We =I we = J We = — 00+ —Jo-t04 Wet = 0-704 + j0.404 ( Locode, potas om the umit circle im complex plame direction is Clockwise fpr Det) Sorat OW ame C0) imate tall aes fae oe Poy cea, XO) = b+ We + We = 1 + (0x04 jot) + CS) = Lt —Jitot fv cea, XG) = bE WY + Wg! 21+ +eo =a for k=3, — x(3) Ml 1 + We + Wee \l 4 + (-0404~Jjo.404) +7 0-293 +f 0.293 ————— (la for K=H, X(y) = 1 + Wel + we t+) pi = 4 fw tes, Xs) = 2 + WE + 0° l 4 4 (-0.10++ jo04) +Cj) = 0.293 — J 0-293 dy C26, Xl6) = 4 + We® + We =t£+j +O) =J 1+ we 4 wel a tov k= 4, (4) = 4 40.404 + J 0t0F tj it “XCk) = 3, Cot -JhaoH), J, (093 + fo.299), £, (0.299 -j 0.293) ,f, (1.40% +4 4.404) } Por Magmltads Plo b KGa) = 43) 24m, 2, 04H, 2, O4IY, 4, 2.414 \ Phone Ploty -Tt -7 px 0h EE EESPK 2329 PROPERTIES OF DET 1) LINEARITY $= STATEMENT: 4 ager) PVs Xy(r) x(n) < PES X5 (ke) Hem axy(n) + b Xfm) ly a Xa le) + bXalb) Nol Prooks Prooft oo WAT, X(p)= Z oln) wre m=0 Let x(n) = xylr), : n-l km You Xi) = = 7) My —@ m=O Ler acl) = tlm), hel \s SZ slr) Wy —® m=C0 then Xolke) = Ler x(n) = axjln) + bxln), then N-I pet } aren) roar} = & [ance +bxaln)| wen n=0 al en Nel en = a & 2m) Wy be Gm) Wy m=O m=O = aXe) tb Xy (ic) Hence the proot .30 2) PERIODICITY STATEMENT: df xt) 22S XC) dhen x(mtNn) = x(n) X(K+N) = XC) oy xn tN) PELs X(t) Proof s a) TPT x(m+N) = x(n) 4 2 wer x0) = 2 XC) Wy N ¢=0 replace 1 by +N, -kK(m+N) atnen) = + 2 XC) Wy Nye -—N Weed Wu = ate) = + S| x(e) We N ‘feo (aon = Hence proved31 b) TPT X(k+N) = X(k) N-1 WET x(k) = 2 ln) Wy” M=0 replace k by kN, N-I XCetn) = x(m) ae m= 0 b N-1 _ km oN = & xn) Wy - Wy n=O XCeen) = SF xt wie” m=0 ‘ ee vol XCe+n) = X(Ce) Hence proved: c) TPT xlmen) ts XC) Nol Wer, pethaem} = Xe) = 2 xe) Wy m=0 Let atm) = x(mrn), then Noh pet \ x(n) } = € x{mtn) we” m=0 Pur = NtN =| na t-N dimits § m=0 , ten me N-l, Qe NotEN = 2N-4a2 oe eC Y-N) = Z xls) wy Q=Nn 2N-4 EN = 2 td) Oy Wy Jeon since WyhN=ot & dimits N to an-4 cam be replaced by 0 to N-4 usina periodicity. N-l oer J (m+n) } = = xta) wit =o co | ver | x(m+N) f = X(k) Hence. proved.2B @) crrcwaR tIme- SHIT Civculos time shift operation en am N-poime sequence x(n) is given by x ((™-)) nod N ; x((m-any)y ov a (en-an , mod N). STATEMENT + 4, acim) 2s xe) then x ((m-m))y 2 X(t) euwen or x((m-m))y As x(k) wa jou We x(CmemDy 2, x(k) eae™ or a((mr my 25 Xe) wa : No Profi wWkt x(t) = & xlr) wir® N=0 ret x(n) = x((m-")n Nol ken dhen pet | x(t — my} = EZ (CMMI “Wy m=20 Lee moma lt > medtm , Limitss at mco , d=-m MN=N-1, f = N-4-m N-l-m pet} wlim-m™))y } = xt) weett™ 4 IN =-™m — Nol kd km = & X(L) Wy .Wn osin d=0 Pevindichy z.[oet } xln-wyt = XC we” |24 Example (is) df ol) = | 1,2, 3,4) bind y(n), given y(n) = x((m-3)y,. Sol: ~ biven yl) = x ((m-3)y ak m=0, yl) = x((-2))y = x (4-3) = xQi) = 2 ak met, y(t) = x ((1-3y = Xll-2Dy = xX(4y-2) = x0) a3 at m=2, yo) = x((2-3yy = %((-My = x(4-1) = x(3) = 4 at m=3, (3) = x((3-3Yy = xC0) 4 Sfyln) = 2, 3,4, 44 Sf x(n) = \ 4,2, 2,4) fimd the DFT of yl) = x((M-2))y- Solm:— Fist fim x(e), Xn = ny2s x(e)= [ 4 2 a 1\ 4 £4 4 4 -J +45 4-4 4-4 1 Jj -t-j vo XCe) = (6 -\-j] 0 -\+j\ Give y(n) = (Cn Ny Jaleiong DET and applying circulak time -shipt property , oe Vie) = XC) Wy, Ke 0/11 2/3 ak Keo, Yo) = Xl ly = (6)C) = 6 at cea, Wa) = XG) Wy = GI-j) Gn = 14] at kez, YO) = x4) we} = 0 at x23, Ye) = Xb) we = E'+3)(-)=14 VO) = \ Cero jh26 h) TIME REVERSAL _ STATEMENT 8 J} acon) Pets X(t) then. x((-n))y = #CN-m) <2by X((-eNy = XCN-k) ProoPs — Frocm dain of DFT, we hwe N-I DET | acm} =X(e) = = xm) ieee N=0 -1 Hence, DFT | xCn-m)} = = xtn-m) wh” M=0 put m=N-% => m= N-™ dimifés > ak mo , MeN m=N-(n-1) = 4 n= N-l, 4 ze DFT | xen-d} = Z xm) wilt m) om= N nol EN -k ; = 2 xl) Wy Wy Ye m=0 Periodici ropenty | co, Wy = men N-I (-e)m pet } xin-m)} = ELLA) Way m= 0 oy ver | xln-)} = X(N,a7 Dre > alm) = 4S, 1-314). Find gin) = x (C-0Ny - Som: Comsiden -y(m) = tUl-M) 4 or ylm) = x(4-m) at m=0, Ylo) = x(4) = xlo) =5 m=4, yt) = x(4-1) = x) =F m=a, y(2) = x(y-2) = 26) = -3 iy oe ee) ee) ee o) yon = bo.41 21%} Given x(n) = p42, a,j with 4-poimt DFT x(k) = | 10, -242), -2, ~2-aj}. Find the 4-PpoimE DFT % the Sequence yo) =f 1, 481 24. Solfo: Observing xt) £ yln) we fina thor yl) = x ((--)y Joking pet ow both sidur and opptyiong tiane reversal property Yk) = X((-)y = X(4-k)até k=0, Yo) = Xo) = 10 YG) = x(y-1 Y@) = x(4-2) = X(2) “2 Y(3) = x(y-3) = x) ke4, Ke 2 = X(3) = -2-9) e Ke, MI vo] VO) = -2+2] \ $0) 2-2), ~2y -2+9j | 5) CIRCULAR FREQUENCY SHIFT STATEMENT 3 Jf xm) PES XC) then x(m) & oan ver X(CK-an)),y or — x(n) Wa Pts X((k-m))y Mba! ee ae et X(Ck+m)y mn alm) Wy AL X(Cetm),, Prook i= X(k) = a x(n) wi” =O Jom. ~ja MN=d oY ~PE (Ce - ™m)n es a(n) © Hence the proof.39 Fink N= prim DET ob aeg(m) = css (21 kon) a(n). Given s(n) = Solm! — Ces (2M tan) seem) =F olatigm . I2T kom ne N ema x(n) 2 gh, etm) PS x(k) Usieng, circular preperey shit property, ei Kon oem) < PEs X (Ce - Koy oN afm)

X (Ck + bo) Hemce — DFT jal} = X,Ce) ama | X,(k) = t| X(Ck-ko))y + x(Cesta) Find N= point DFT of Xo (on) = sim (con) xn) MES Kaley “ay | K (Ck -Kel)y - n(lictea| Also 7 . " ocleo) gos ('fen} ems | [ K(Ce-a qt x(Ceam, | aia) sim (Sn)

[ xice—4y- (Gey)40 6) CIRCULAR CONVOLUTION | TIME — DOMAIN CoNVOLOTION OR FREQUENCY DOMAIN MULTIPLICATION STATEMENT ¢ Sf x) X(c) Hie) = Yr) Proofs Consider two sequences a(n) 4 hln) of Lemgts N, then circulah Convolution is defined on, N-I y(n) = Od @hlm) = AZ selon) h(lm -mM),y ™=0 DET | gen = Y(k\) = 2 y(n) Whe <0 Ne} NCI Ke = 3 Z xm) inllor—andye« Wy M=0 m= Amberchanging order 4, Summations , N-I N-l = xm) Z h((m-m)y wen M20 N=0 Kel era Using Time-sbift = 4 xlm) Wy He) } preresy, mco hla 09) yoo = x0) Ce) Wwe He) Hemce the proof.ut Circulos comvolutlon usin DFT 4 IDET ( stocthotris Method) [per |_XCe) TE METHOD 3 sc(m) Ye) = xCe). WO) IDFT Wm) ——— > gin) The method fmuolues taking the N poimt DFTs ob act) 4 htm) both of demain N_ poimts. dhe respective DeTs are multiplied elementwise. Then £akteng IDFT of the Sequence Y(k) to obtoun y(mn). @) Compute the civewlar comyolution Of Sequences x(n) = \ 4,2, 3,4} amd b(n) = p42 2}, SoM! Givon scl) = ft 213,44 bln) = | 8/2) Lengths of alm), Ny =H. — Lematn 4 him), Np = 2. Jhe Comvolutiom domalt N= Max ( Na, WN) ~ Max 4,3) iaGr Simce h(n) is as denoth 3) pad ene 2or9 & hn) = 4,2, 2, 0} I-MetROD ; — Jime- Domain Approach oy Comeemtric circle Metro From the cafe of circulod Comuoluton, N-T yl) = xn) @® hin) = EF alm) hlCm—m)) ™m=0. N whde N20 bo N-4, Given N=H, 5 EZ. lm) hi(m-mVy 7 Mz 0412/3 m=0 ato) h(IMy + C0 bh lln-)y 2 ye) = + xt) hilm—-y + x) hiln-3)), ak nao, Yo) = xo) Wo) + xtt) hy + ZO) hUC-2y + xe) Wll-2)y alo) hlo) + ZC) h@) iy ylo) + xfod hl) + x(2) HO) WU) +@)+@le) 2 + (4) (2) 4 +0 +648 M uv i} yo) = 1S4s ak Ned, ya) = slo) WO), + x01) hlo) +2) h() + xf) hla) team) 4y yay = 2 +2 4+ 0+8 5 Xl) a) <2 2 4 ge) = J ie / at n=9, go) = lo) h(2) + xf) WhO) + X(2) hlo) + x(3) hls) A, h(2-m) yo) = 2+ utero / etm yo) =a A Cy a = fe t 1 at =3, ye) = xo) h(s) + 20) he) + ) h(i) + x(2) hlo) h(s—m) ge) = © Fat 6 +H o ye) = 14 slulm) = IS, 12, 4 ly 1 veri Ficatton ¢ A py pd 7 1 a payee yg aitiy | aff oa fi] & Bio; as apf oe q y- a+ ot al] o aa44 Usteng DET & IperT equations or TramsPorem Domain Approac or Stockhaans amnettocl yon) = xeCn) () hi) Applying DET, YO) = XC). HC) TL- METHOD : (1) to find xCe) Xq = Xn\Wry xiae [ra saypet 4 j -1 5 4 -| 4 -1 1 § - 4 x(k) = \ to, -242) , -2 | -2-23} (if) To gfend Ce). Hy = Psa we) [i 22olfa at 2] 4 -J-t J 4 -4 4 -4 1 J -1-J4S (iff) Fimd the product 4 the sequence XCe) & Hlc), Y(e) = x(k). HC) | w= | so, 6+aj, -a, 6-95} (iv) Te fimd ylm) yl) = TDFT j Ye} a + Yu Wat yl) = + [50 rey -2 6-9]| ie oa i 4 4 J Ad 1 -\ eal 4 -j -l J yor) = je 12, 4, i4|46 4) MULTIPLICATION OF TWo SEQUENCES OR MODULATION PROPERTY oR CONVOLUTION IN FREQUENCY DOMAIN STATEMENT? — AL segten) PTS X4Ce) £2 un) PS X,(k) Hen — 940m) s¢9.Ce) As + [ x00) @ X,(e)] Prooki— — Comsiden two Sequences xy (m) & 29m) a demgt N, with DFT XC) 4 xX, Ce). TDFT } xiCe)} = x, (0) =f 4, xeC8) yee ToFT YC) = (mn) = 4 ya Ya Con) ws" =o Let yln) = %4.Cen), t2(r) dem, wl on DFT } goed = Ve) = 2. yon) Wy el km z x(n) 1500) Wy =odeo km x Wry N-1 Nol N-I (k-2-m)n 2 XC). ES Xolm) Wy =o m=0 m=0 k-d-am = PN me b-at- pn = (CK-), d= t-m-ePn = ((k-™))y NV keer NE = 121 pn Wy = e N n=O m=o Nl = 21 2N m=0 N-1 =~ L S& x,(4) xy (Ce-ayy. N NF G5 - 1 | x08 @ XC) |4s 8) SYMMETRY PROPERTY OF Ag. 060 SEQUENCE STATEMENT: DET, Sh xtn) 2S x(k) them x¥(m) PEs X*Cn-k) = X¥((-N), o x*¥(l-n))y = 2*CN-m) <26 x¥(K) Prooks From dun of DFT, we kmow that No an DFT 4 xt) | = Xe) = S xn) Wy N=0 ‘Tokeng Commplex comjugate ou bet sides, No -k Y(k) = & x¥(m) n=0 yeplace k by N-kr, Net - (N-k) GE ea ae) ie M=0 Mei -NM ” = Fg x*(m) Wy . Wy mN=0 N-I - kK es = Sxl) Wy Wy N=0 =4 X*(n-e) = vet | rend} or | Cn), ets yx*(n- |