APTI SHORTS

PERMUTATIONS
&
Permutation and Combination
Fundamental Principle of Counting
Shirt 1 Shirt 2
Red Blue

Trouser 1 Trouser 2 Trouser 3

Black Brown Cream

2×3=6
Permutation and Combination
Fundamental Principle of Counting
2 boys and 3 girls in a class. How to appoint 1 class monitor?

AND → ‘Multiplication’
OR → ‘Addition’
Question 1
Ram has 4 formal shirts and 5 formal trousers, in how many ways can he
choose his outfit for the interview?
a) 20
b) 9
c) 10
d) 25
Question 2
Babita has to go to a party. She decides to wear either a Saree or a dress.
If Babita has 5 Sarees and 6 dresses, in how many ways can she choose
her outfit ?
a) 24
b) 11
c) 10
d) 25
Fundamental principle of counting
There are 3 ways to travel from A
to B and 4 ways to travel from B to
C.

Q-3. In how many different ways can one travel from A and C?

Q-4. In how many different ways can one travel from A and C and come back to A?

Q-5. In how many different ways can one travel from A and C and come back to A with
different route?

Q-6. In how many different ways can one travel from A and C and come back to A
travelling on a different road between each of A to B and B to C while going and
while coming back?
Exam PYQ
Permutation and Combination

Selection
If10 people shake hands with each other. How many handshakes will be there in
total?
Question 9
In Super 30 movie, Anand sir asks every of 30 students to do handshake
among themselves, find total number of handshakes.
a) 435
b) 415
c) 600
d) None of the above
Question 10
There are twelve friends. On the eve of Diwali, they exchanged greeting cards
among themselves. How many cards did they exchange altogether?

a) 132
b) 66
c) 264
d) None of the above
Question 11
Twelve candidates applied for a vacant post in a company. In how many ways can four
candidatures be selected for the interview such that a particular candidate must be rejected?

Question 11
In the above problem, in how many ways can four candidates be selected such that a
particular candidate must be rejected?

Question 11
In the above problem, in how many ways can four persons be selected such that one
particular person is always selected and another particular person is never selected?
Exam PYQ
Exam pyq
Permutation and Combination

Arrangements
Six boys and three girls have to stand in a row for a photograph.
1. In how many ways can this be done, if there is no restriction?

2. In how many ways can this be done, if all boys are together and all girls are together?

3. In how many ways can this be done, if all boys are together?
Question 10
In how many ways can the letters of the word ‘PEANUT’ be arranged?
a)360
b)720
c)700
d)840
Question 11
In how many ways can the letters of the word ‘LEASE’ be arranged?
a)60
b)120
c)240
d)84
Question 12
In how many ways can the letters of the word ‘REMOUR’ be arranged?
a)360
b)120
c)240
d)720
Question 12
How many words can be formed using all the letters of the word TUESDAY
such that all the vowels are together?
a)720
b)120
c)360
d)1440
Case of Alternate and Not together

Q-23. There are 4 boys and 4 girls to be arranged in a row. If no two girls should stand together, in
how many ways can arrangement be done.

Q-24. There are 4 boys and 5 girls to be arranged in a row. If no two girls should stand together, in
how many ways can arrangement be done.

Q-25. There are 4 boys and 6 girls to be arranged in a row. If no two girls should stand together, in
how many ways can arrangement be done.

Q-26. There are 4 boys and 6 girls to be arranged in a row. If no two boys should stand together, in
how many ways can arrangement be done.
Case of Alternate and Not together
There are 4 boys and 4 girls to be arranged in a row. If girls and boys have to be alternate, in how
many ways can arrangement be done.

There are 4 boys and 5 girls to be arranged in a row. If girls and boys have to be alternate, in how
many ways can arrangement be done.

There are 4 boys and 6 girls to be arranged in a row. If girls and boys have to be alternate, in how
many ways can arrangement be done.

There are 20 boys and 21 girls to be arranged in a row. If girls and boys have to be alternate, in how
many ways can arrangement be done.

There are 20 boys and 21 girls to be arranged in a row. If no two girls should stand together, in how
many ways can arrangement be done.
Question 12
How many different words can be formed using all the letters of the word
TUESDAY such that no two vowels are together?
a)720
b)120
c)360
d)1440
Arrangement of digits
Q-7. Using digits 1,2,3 and 4, how many 3 digit numbers can be formed
if repetition is not allowed?

Q-8. Using digits 1,2,3 and 4, how many 3 digit numbers can be formed
if repetition is allowed?
Arrangement of digits
How many 4 digit numbers can be formed using digits 0,1,2,3,4,5

Q-i. Repetition of digit is allowed?

Q-ii. Repetition of digit is not allowed?

Arrangement of digits
How many numbers can be formed using digits 1,2,3,4,5,6 according to given
condition

Q-i. Total 3 digit number

Q-ii. Total 4 digit number

Q-iii. Total 3 digit even number

Q-iv. Total 4 digit odd number

Q-v. Three digit number more than 500

Permutation and Combination
Distributing distinct objects at distinct places:

In how many ways can 8 letters be posted in 5 letter

boxes.
8P b) 8C c) 8 5 d) 58
5 5
Permutation and Combination
Distributing distinct objects at distinct places:

In how many ways can 8 different chocolates be

distributed among 5 children such that each can get
any number of chocolates (including zero)?
8P b) 8C
5 5 c) 85 d) 58
Exam PYQ
The number of ways by which 6 distinct balls can be put in 5 distinct boxes are
a) 7776
b) 15625
c) 720
d) 120
Exam PYQ
Circular Arrangement
In how many ways can 8 people be seated around circular table at 8
places as shown
Circular Arrangement
In how many ways can 8 people be seated around circular table at 8
places as shown
Circular Arrangement
In how many ways can 8 people be seated around circular table at 8
places as shown
Circular Arrangement

In how many ways can 10 people be seated across a circular table if

Q-25. There are 11 identical chairs placed equally apart around the table.
a)12! B)11! C)10! D)9!

Q-26. There are 11 distinctly coloured chairs placed equally apart around the table.
a)12! B)11! C)10! D)9!

Q-27. There are 10 identical chairs and 1 chair is distinctly coloure

a)12! B)11! C)10! D)9!
MASTERING
Probability
Question 1
What is the probability that my friend Prashant is born on Sunday?
Question 2
Ram, Sham and Ghansham celebrate their birthdays in a few days. What
is the probability that none of them will celebrate their birthday on a
weekend?
Question 3
Two coins are tossed simultaneously, find the probability of getting head
on both coins?
a) 1/4
b) 1/3
c) 1/2
d) 3/4
e) None of the above
Question 4
Five unbiased coins are tossed.What is probability of getting exactly 3
heads?

a) 1/16
b) 5/16
c) 3/32
d) 11/32
e) None of the above
DICE
If a fair die with 6 faces number 1 to 6 is rolled, what is the probability
that
a) It shows 4
b) It shows odd number
c) It shows an even number
d) It shows a prime number
e) It shows a composite number
f) It shows either odd or even number
g) It shows either prime or even number
h) It shows either prime or composite number
Question 11
When 2 dice are thrown simultaneously, then find the probability that the
sum of the digits on both the faces is 8.
a) 5/36
b) 1/6
c) 1/8
d) 1/9
e) None of the above
Question 12
When 2 dice are thrown simultaneously, then find the probability that the
sum of the digits is multiple of 4.
a) 5/36
b) 1/6
c) 1/4
d) 1/8
e) None of the above
Question 13
When 2 dice are thrown simultaneously, then find the probability that the
sum is a prime number and less than 8.
a) 13/36
b) 1/9
c) 11/36
d) 1/6
e) None of the above
Question 14
When 3 dice are thrown simultaneously, then find the probability that the
sum of the digits is 16.
a) 5/216
b) 1/6
c) 1/36
d) 1/8
e) None of the above
Question 15
When 3 dice are thrown simultaneously, then find the probability that the
sum of the digits is 14.
a) 5/216
b) 1/6
c) 1/36
d) 1/8
e) None of the above
BALLS
A bag contains 2 white, 3 blue, 4 red, 5 green and 6 yellow marbles. A
person picks marbles from it without looking inside. If one marble is
picked from the bag, what is the probability that
a) It is white, given that it is not red
b) It is not blue, given it is not green
A bag has 12 balls, of which 7 are red and the remaining are black. Find
the probability of each of the following events
Q-1. If 2 balls are selected simultaneously, they will be of different
colours.
Q-2. If 2 balls are selected successively (without replacement) they will
be of different colours.
Q-3. If 2 balls are selected successively (with replacement), they will be
of different colours.
CARDS
If a card is drawn from a pack of cards, what is the probability that
Q-1. It is black?
Q-2. It is a king?
Q-3. It is a black king?
Q-4. It is black or is a king?
If 2 cards are picked simultaneously from a pack of cards, what is
the probability that they are of
Q-1. The same colour?
Q-2. Different colours?
If 2 cards are picked simultaneously from a pack of cards, what is
the probability that they are of
Q-1. The same colour?
Q-2. Different colours?
The case of ‘atleast1’
When 2 coins are tossed simultaneously, then find the probability of
getting at least one head.
a) 1/4
b) 1/3
c) 1/2
d) 3/4
e) None of the above
The case of ‘atleast1’
When 3 coins are tossed simultaneously, then find the probability of
getting at least one head.
a) 7/8
b) 1/8
c) 1/2
d) 3/4
e) None of the above
Question
In an oil field, Reliance, ONGC and Shell are exploring for oil.The
probability that Reliance strikes oil is 1/3, that ONGC strikes oil is
1/4 and that shell strikes is 1/5.Find the probability that oil is
found in an oil field
Question
The probability that A does a work is 1/3 and B does a work is 3/4.
what is the probability that the work gets done?
a) 5/6
b) 2/3
c) 5/36
d) 1/2
e) None of the above
 Language of ODDS
The odds in favour of INDIA winning a match is 3:4.

The odds against INDIA winning a match is 3:4.

Find probability of INDIA winning in both cases?

 Language of ODDS
The odds in favour of A completing a task are 2:3. The odds against B completing
the task are 1:4, and the odds against C not completing the task are 1:4.
Q-1. What is the probability that all of them complete the task?

Q-2. What is the probability that none of them complete the task?

Q-3. What is the probability that at least one of them will complete the task?
Language of ODDS
From a basket containing 5 roses,6 jasmines and 4 marigold, a flower
has been picked up at random.
Find the odds in favour of it being rose?
a)1:3 b) 3:1 c) 1:2 d) 2:1 e) 2:3

Find the odds against it being marigold?

a)4:15 b) 15:4 c) 11:4 d) 4:11 e) 11:15
AVERAGES
Question
In what ratio should a shopkeeper mix salt costing Rs.5 per kg, the chalk powder
costing Rs.1 per kg to get an average price of Rs.6 per kg.
Question-8
One fourth of a certain journey is covered at the rate of 25 km/h, one-third at the
rate of 30 km/h and the rest at 50 km/h.Find the average speed for the whole
journey.
• 600/53 km/h c) 1200/53 km/h
• 1800/53 km/h d) 300/53 km/hr
Q-1. A person travels a certain distance AB at 10 kmph and travels
the distance BA at 15 kmph. Find the average speed?
Q-2. A person covers a particular journey at three different speeds:
40 kmph,50kmph and 60 kmph, each for equal interval of time.
What is his average speed for the entire journey?
Behavior of Averages

• There are 19 students in a class with each student having 18 chocolates. If

a new student having 58 chocolates joins in, What would be the new
average?
Behavior of Averages

Dhoni's Average in the first 23 innings is 56. If in the 24th inning, he scores 8
runs, What would be his new average?
Behavior of Averages

The average age of a team consisting 14 players and the coach is 32 years.
If the coach is 60 year old, what is the average age of the players?
Behavior of Averages

The average marks scored by a set of 35 students is 65. If the student who
scores 31 is removed from this, the new average score would be?
Question-9
A person joins a group of 8 people and hence the average weight of the group
drops from 75kgs to 72 kgs.Find the weight of the person joining group.
Question-10
A person leaves a group of 8 people and hence the average weight of the group
drops from 75kgs to 72 kgs.Find the weight of the person leaving the group.
Question-11
The average age of a group of 10 friends is 15 years.A new friend joins them and
their average age increases to 17 years.What is the age of the new friend?
• 17 b) 37 c) 26 d) 35
Q-12. The average age of 24 students and the principal is 15 years.When the principals age is
excluded, the average age decreases by 1 year.What is the age of principal?
•

Q-13. The average of a class consisting of 17 students and their teacher is 22 years. If the is 56
years old, what is the average age of only the students in the class?
•
Q-14. The average weight of 12 students in a class is 43 kg. If a new student weighing 82 kgs
joins the class. What would be the average weight of the class now?

Q-15. The average runs scored by a batsman in his first 18 innings is 57. If he scores a duck
(zero) in his 19th innings, what would be his new average?
•
Question
The average amount each student has is Rs.167.75. When a student having
Rs.183.45 joins the group , the new average that each student has is now
Rs.170.89.Find the number of people originally in the group.
Question
A group of 19 boys went to a restaurant. 18 boys paid Rs.8 each. The
19th boy paid Rs.36 more than the average bill of all the 19 boys.
What is the amount paid by 19th boy.
Question-
Question
Find the average of the first 12 multiples of 5.
Question
Find the average of all two digit numbers which when divided by 7 leave a
remainder of 5
Question
What is the average of all 3 digit numbers that leave a remainder of '2' when
divided by 3?
Question
A sum of rupees 700 has to be used to give seven cash prizes to the students of
a school for their overall academic performance. If each prize is 20 rupees
less than its preceding prize, what is the least value of prize?
Question
The sum of ages of 5 children born at the intervals of 3 years each is 60 years.
What is the age of youngest child?
• (a) 3years (b) 4 years (c) 5 years (d) 6 years
Question
The average temperature increases by 1° C every day. If average temperature
from Monday to Thursday is 44.5° C, find average temperature over entire
week (Monday to Sunday)?
Question
• A contract on construction job specifies a penalty for delay in completion of a
work beyond a certain date is as follows:200/- for 1st day, 300/- for 3rd day ,
etc. The penalty for each succeeding day being 50/- more than that of
preceding day. How much penalty should the contractor pay if he delays the
work by 10 days?
• (a)4950 (b)4250 (c)3600 (d)650
•
DIGIT SUM
Note: In finding the digit-Sum of a number we can ignore
the digit 9 or the digits that add up to 9. For example, in
finding the digit-sum of the number 246819, we can ignore the
digits 2, 6, 1, and 9. Hence, the digit-sum of 246819 is = 4 + 8
= 12 = 1 + 2 = 3.
Exam PYQ
Application –I (Rapid checking of calculations while multiplying
numbers)

7835 x P = 995045 then P = ?

a)135
b) 121
c) 125
d) 127
Question

The smallest 5 digit number which is divisible by 12,18 and 21 is

a) 10080
b) 30256
c) 10224
d) 50321
Question

The largest 5 digit number that is exactly divisible by 81 is

a) 99954
b) 99876
c) 99989
d) 99991
Exam PYQ
Question:
What is the least number must be added to 386822 so that it
becomes a perfect square?
a) 57
b) 22
c) 62
d) 60
Question:
What is the least number must be subtracted to 923604 so that it
becomes a perfect square?
a) 78
b) 79
c) 83
d) 84
Question:
If income of a man increase by 25% in first year, increases by 45% in
2nd year and decrease by 20% in third year. If its income after 3 years
is 36250, find income in first year?
a) 25000
b) 15000
c) 18000
d) 19000
Question:
Find the principal which will amount to Rs.6962 in 2 years at 18%
compound interest.?
a) 4200
b) 4400
c) 4500
d) 5000
Question:
A certain sum amounts to Rs.4025.55 at 15% p.a in 2(2/5) years,
interest compounded yearly. The principal is
a) Rs.3000
b) Rs.3500
c) Rs.2700
d) Rs.3200
Question:
The compound interest on a certain sum in 2.5 years at 10% per
annum, interest compounded yearly is 1623 rupees. Find the
principal
a) 5000
b) 6000
c) 6500
d) 7200
Question:
Find the compound interest on Rs.15000 for 1.5 years 24% p.a, the
interest being payable half yearly?

a) 6073.92
b) 6083.92
c) 5000
d) 6452.35
Question
Question
Question

If mth term of Arithmetic progression is n2 and nth term of AP is m2, then (m+n) term of AP
is:
a) m2+n2+mn
b) –mn
c) 1/mn
d) -2mn
Question

In an AP, the mth term is 1/n and the nth term is 1/m . The sum of first (m+n)th terms is
a) (mn + 2)/2
b) (m - n)/2
c) (mn + 1)/2
d) (mn - 1)/2
How many numbers from 1 to 100 are coprimes to 10?
How many numbers from 1 to 600 are coprimes to 30?
Remainder Practice
Find the remainder in each of the following cases:
i) 48
3 7
ii) 49
3 7
iii)
350  7
iv) 100
3 7
v) 97
5 9
vi) 380  25
QUESTION

The number 3521 is divided by 8. What is the remainder?

a) 1
b) 3
c) 7
d) 9
QUESTION-
QUESTION-6
QUESTION-4 CSAT 2020

The recurring decimal representation 1.27272727......is equivalent to

(a) 13/11
(b) 14/11
(c) 127/99
(d) 137/99
QUESTION-4 CDS-2020

If the points P and Q represent real numbers 0.73 and 0.56 on the number line,
then what is the difference between P and Q?
1 1
a) b)
6 5
c) 16 d) 11
45 90
Remember: PROCESS TO FIND UNIT’s DIGIT
Question: Find the units digit of 721.

Question: Find the units digit of 342.

Question: Find the units digit of 423.

Question: Find the units digit of 4382

Question: Find the units digit of 740.

Question: Find the units digit of 284.

Question: Find the units digit of 328.

Question: Find the units digit of 880

Question: Find the units digit of 440.

Question: Find the units digit of 983.

Question: Find the units digit of 628.

Question: Find the units digit of 580

Question: Find the units digit of 2828 – 2424.

Question: Find the units digit of 4343 – 2222.