Faculty Name : Ravi Shankar Kumar(asst.Prof..

Computer science)

College :M m Mahila college Ara.

Department : Deptt. Computer Application.

Contact :8544348892.

E-mail :ravimca1111@gmail.com.

Subject :Multimedia tools and Application.

Paper code :5BCA2.

Semester :5th

Unit :2.

No of Topic :2.

File Formats for multimedia

The following is an outline of current file formats used for the production and delivery of
multimedia data.

File Formats for multimedia

The following is an outline of current file formats used for the production and
delivery of multimedia data.

Text Formats
RTF
Rich Text Format is the primary file format introduced in 1987 by Microsoft
with the specification of their published products and for cross-platform
documents interchange.
Plain text
Plain text files can be opened, read, and edited with most text editors.
commonly used are Notepad (Windows), Gedit or nano (Unix, Linux), TextEdit
(Mac OS and so on. Other computer programs are also capable of reading and
importing plain text. Plain text is the original and popular way of conveying an
e-mail.

Image Formats
TIFF (Tagged Image File Format)
This format is common in desktop publishing world (high quality output), and is
supported by almost all software packages. Recent versions of TIFF allows
image compression, and the format is comfortable for moving large files
between computers.
BMP (Bitmap)
Initially this format is in use with Windows 3.1. It is quite large and
uncompressed and hence BMP is used for the high-resolution or large images.
DIB (Device Independent Bitmap)
This format which is similar to BMP, allows the files to be displayed on a
variety of devices.
GIF (Graphics Interchange Format)
GIF is a compressed image format. Most of the computer color images and
backgrounds are GIF files. This file format is best suitable for graphics that uses
only limited colors, and it is the most popular format used for online color
photos. 13-bit Color look up table is used by the GIF format to identify its color
values. This format is supported widely.
JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group)
JPEG was designed to attain maximum image compression. It uses lossy
compression technique, where a compression method is referred that loses some
of the data required for the image reconstruction. It works good with
photographs, naturalistic artwork, and similar material but functions less on
lettering, live drawings or simple cartoons.
TGA (Tagra)
It is the first popular format for high-resolution images. TGA is supported by
Most of the video-capture boards.
PNG (Portable Network Graphics)
An extensible file format for the less loss, portable and well compressed storage
of raster images. PNG acts as replacement for GIF and also replaces multiple
common uses of TIFF. PNG works good with online viewing applications like
worldwide web. so it is fully streameable with a best display option.

Digital Audio File Formats

WAV (Waveform Audio File Format)
It is the most popular audio file format in windows for storing uncompressed
sound files. In order to attain the reduced file size it can also be converted to
other file formats like MP3.
MP3 (MPEG Layer-3 Format)
MPEG Layer-3 format is the most popular format for storing and downloading
music. The MP3 files are roughly compressed to one-tenth the size of an
equivalent WAV file.
OGG
A free, open source container format that is designed for obtaining better
streaming and evolving at high end quality digital multimedia. It can be
compared to MP3 files in terms of quality.
AIFF (Audio Interchange File Format)
A standard audio file format used by Apple which is like a WAV file for the
Mac.
WMA (Windows Media Audio)
It is a popular windows media audio format owned by Microsoft and designed
with Digital Right Management (DRM) abilities for copyright protection.
RA (Real Audio Format)
Real Audio format is designed for streaming audio over the Internet. The digital
audio resources are usually stored as a computer file in computer’s hard drive or
CD/DVD. Besides the variety of audio file formats available, the most common
formats are wave files (.WAV) and MPEG Layer-3 files (.MP3), WMA and
RA.

Digital Video File Formats

AVI (Audio/Video Interleave)
AVI is the video file format for Windows. Here sound and picture elements are
stored in alternate interleaved chunks in the file.
MPEG (Moving Picture Experts Group)
MPEG is a standard for generating digital video and audio compression under
the International Standards Organization (ISO) by the group of people. The
group has developed MPEG-1, the standard on which Video CD and MP3 are
based, MPEG-2, the standard that supports products as Digital Television set
top boxes and DVD, MPEG-4, the standard for multimedia and mobile
web.MPEG-7, the standard for search of audio and visual content. Research on
MPEG-21 “Multimedia Framework” has started in 2000. Simply MPEG is the
standards for digital video and audio compression.

Multimedia communication
Chapter 2 - Multimedia Communications
1. 1. Chapter 2 Multimedia Communications-
2. 2. Its application include entertainment, education, medicine, advertising etc. The term
Multimedia describes a number of diverse technologies that allow visual and audio media
to be combined in new ways for the purpose of communication.  Multimedia is the use
of computers to present text, graphics, video, animations, and sound in an integrated
way. What is Multimedia?
3. 3. Coding Context  Channel  Error Control, Redundancy(Repetition) and Accuracy 
Protocols  Standards  The principles of communication deals with  Multimedia
communication uses multiple channels.  The transfer needs a Channel (E.g. Air, Cable,
 Fiber Optics, etc.)  Communication is the transfer of information Principles of
Communications
4. 4. Examples: Websites, Information Kiosks and Interactive Media Multimedia
communication involves showing information in multiple media formats. Images, video,
audio and text all are part of multimedia communication. A single instance of multimedia
communication does not have to have all four components. Multimedia Communication
5. 5. Multimedia Communication Network
6. 6. Data Communication Model
7. 7. Multimedia Communication Network Components
8. 8. A channel has a certain capacity for transmitting information, often measured by its
bandwidth in Hz or its data rate in bits per second. A channel is used to convey an
information signal, for example a digital bit stream, from one or several senders (or
transmitters) to one or several receivers.  A communication channel refers either to a
physical transmission medium such as a wire, or to a logical connection over a
multiplexed medium such as a radio channel. Channels / Mediums
9. 9. Light Waves (Infrared, Li-Fi) Radio wave (FM, AM, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, Cellular
Network)  Microwave (Satellite Waves)  Wireless  Multi Thread  Single Thread 
Fiber Optics Cable  Unshielded Twisted Pair Cable  Shielded Twisted Pair Cable 
Twisted Pair Cable  Co-axiel Cable  Wired Medium Types and Classification There
are 2 multimedia transmission mediums
10. 10. Ch Wired medium are used if we need a very high connection speed, this is usually
true in case we want to transfer over an Exabyte of data. It also allows for a reliable long
distance connection between computers.  We choose wireless mediums if we require
just a limited amount of speed. For e.g. for a home or office connection where we use the
network for personal file sharing and for streaming multimedia contents. Also it covers a
limited reason of space. Choice of Channels Time problems Economic considerations
 Ability to understand message  Ability to use the channel  Availability of equipment 
Availability of channel oice of channels depends on
11. 11. Text (HTML, TXT, RTF) Graphics (JPEG, PNG, TIFF, GIF)  Video (MPEG, AVI,
MP4)  Audio (MP3, WAV, AIFF) Media Types and Classification
12. 12. Text – Used to display computer text in Human Readable Format Graphics – Used
for Images, Icon, Infographics, Charts and Visual Representation  Video – Used for
Video Streaming, Films and Video Conferencing  Audio – Used for Podcasts, Music and
VoIP Media Types and Their Use
13. 13. Example: Graphs, Charts, Articles, Graphics, Movies etc. When raw data are well
arranged, they become information that gives meaning  Information is that which
informs. Concept of Information
14. 14. Combination of multiple strategies Text and documentation  Trees, network or
graphs  Spatial or temporal structure  Tabular Structure  Information Structures can
be:  Information structure refers to how data are arranged in order to give a related
useful meaning as information. Information Structure
15. 15. To detect or correct errors requires extra information (Redundancy) In digital
communication where binary of used errors cause 1 to become 0 and 0 to become 1 
Communication may involve errors  Raw data can be converted into an information
structure of choice and then we may use the medium of communication of our choice.
Communication of Information
16. 16. The first major model for communication came in 1949 and was conceived by
Claude Elwood Shannon and Warren Weaver for Bell Laboratories. Models of
communication are conceptual models used to explain the human communication
process. Model of Communication
17. 17. Modes of Media Transmission SIMPLEX HALF-DUPLEX FULL-DUPLEX
18. 18. Examples of simplex Mode is loudspeaker, television broadcasting, television and
remote, keyboard and monitor etc. In this type of transmission mode data can be sent
only through one direction i.e. communication is unidirectional. We cannot send a
 message back to the sender. Unidirectional communication is done in Simplex Systems.
Simplex Mode of Media Transmission
19. 19. Example of half duplex is a walkie-talkie in which message is sent one at a time and
messages are sent in both the directions. In half duplex system we can send data in
both directions but it is done one at a time that is when the sender is sending the data
then at that time we can’t send the sender our message. The data is sent in one
direction. Half-Duplex Mode of Media Transmission
20. 20. Example of Full Duplex is a Telephone Network in which there is communication
between two persons by a telephone line, through which both can talk and listen at the
same time. In full duplex system we can send data in both directions as it is
bidirectional. Data can be sent in both directions simultaneously. We can send as well as
we receive the data. Full-Duplex Mode of Media Transmission
21. 21. At the receiving end, the incoming signal is demodulated into the A carrier signal is
modulated as specified by the binary representation of the data  The data is coded as
binary numbers at the sender end Role of Media Transmission Decoding of the binary
numbers is performedrespective binary numbers