1. Which nursing model was developed by Joyce Travelbee (1926-1973)?
Rationale: Subjective health is an individually defined state of well-
a. Human-to-Human Relationship Model
b. Human becoming theory
c. The theory of health as expanding consciousness
d. From Novice to Expert
Answer: A
Rationale: The nursing model developed by Joyce Travelbee is a
Human-to-Human Relationship Model.
2. Joyce Travelbee made use of Hildegard Peplau and Ida Jean Orlando’s
interpersonal relationship. What is the main
focus of Travelbee’s theory?
a. Spiritual aspect of care
b. Manipulation of the environment as a factor of facilitating the recovery
of the patient from illness
c. To emphasize compliance to care as a means to increase life
expectancy
d. Nursing is accomplished through therapeutic human relationship
Answer: D
Rationale: Joyce Travelbee emphasized that a therapeutic
relationship between the patient and the nurse is the means
through which the purpose of nursing is fulfilled
3. Travelbee proposed that nursing is accomplished through a meaningful
therapeutic relationship though a series of
encounters leading to rapport. Which of the following is not included?
a. First impression by the nurse of the sick person and vice-versa
b. The time in which the nurse and patient perceives each other’s
uniqueness
c. The moment wherein the nurse is unable to share in the person’s
experience
d. When the nurse wants to lessen the cause of the patient's suffering.
Answer: C
Rationale: Nursing is accomplished through human-to-human
relationships that begin with the original encounter that
progress through a series of stages of emerging identities,
developing feelings of empathy, and later on, sympathy until
such time that the nurse and the patient have attained rapport in the
final stage.
4. Travelbee’s theory defines health in two categories. What category
is this wherein it is an individually defined state of
well-being in accord with self-appraisal of the physical-emotional-spiritual
status?
a. Mental and physical health
b. Spiritual health
c. Subjective health
d. Objective health
Answer: C
b. Original Encounter
being in accord with self-appraisal of physical-emotional- spiritual
status
5. Travelbee’s theory defines health in two categories. What category is
health is identified as an absence of discernible
disease, disability of defect as measured by physical examination,
laboratory tests and assessment by spiritual director
or psychological counselor.
a. Mental and physical health
b. Spiritual health
c. Subjective health
d. Objective health
Answer: D
Rationale: Objective health is an absence of discernible disease,
disability of defect as measured by physical examination, laboratory
tests and assessment by spiritual director or psychological
counselor.
6. A therapeutic nurse-patient relationship is defined as a helping
relationship that's based on mutual trust and respect,
the nurturing of faith and hope. Which of the following is the vehicle
through which nurse-patient relationships are
established?
a. Relationship
b. Communication
c. Sympathy
d. Empathy
Answer: B
Rationale: In therapeutic relationships, communication allows the
nurse to communicate experience and needs. It serves as the vehicle
through which nurse-patient relationships are established.
7. Which of the following statements is TRUE about sympathy?
a. Feeling sorry for the patient or pity them, but you don’t specifically
understand what they’re feeling
b. The use of active listening by means of putting yourself in the other
person’s position
c. Feeling the same amount of excitement, when the patient tells you they
received their laboratory results
stating that they are now cured from cancer
d. Acknowledging how the patient feels
Answer: A
Rationale: Sympathy is when the nurse wants to lessen the cause of
patient’s suffering as it goes beyond empathy —
“When one sympathizes, one is involved but not incapacitated by the
involvement.”
8. It refers to the initial interaction between the nurse and the patient.
a. Emerging identities
c. Sympathy and Empathy
d. Rapport
Answer: B
Rationale: Original encounter refers to the impression by the nurse
of the sick person and vice-versa during their initial
interaction.
9. According to Ernestine Wiedenbach’s theory, which of the following are
not among the three essential components
associated with the nursing philosophy?
a. Reverence for life
b. Respect for the dignity, worth, autonomy and individuality of each
human being
c. Resolution to personally and professionally held beliefs
d. Derision to life
Answer: D
Rationale: Derision to life is not among the three essential
components associated with the nursing philosophy as per
Ernestine Wiedenbach’s theory.
10. Which of the following are known ways to identify the patient’s need
for help? (Select all that apply)
a. observing behavior consistent or inconsistent with their misery
b. exploring the meaning of their behavior
c. determining the cause of their comfort or incapacity
d. determining whether they can resolve their problems or have a need-
for-help
Answer: B & D
Rationale: The ways to identify patient’s need for help include:
✔ Observing behavior consistent or inconsistent with their comfort
✔ Exploring the meaning of their behavior
✔ Determining the cause of their discomfort or incapacity
✔ Determining whether they can resolve their problems or have a
need-for-help
1. Lydia E Hall believed that patient outcomes are improved by direct care
as given by a professional nurse. Lydia Hall's
theory is called:
a. Human-to-Human Relationship Model
b. Human becoming theory
c. Care, Cure, Core Model
d. From Novice to Expert
Answer: C
Rationale: Lydia Hall's theory is called Care, Cure, Core Model
2. Hall defined her philosophy of nursing on the basis of the patient, “if
learning is the chief process he uses, then the chief
therapy he needs is teaching” (Hall, 1969). Which of the following
concepts in Hall's independent and interconnected
circles is based on social sciences, involves the therapeutic use of self,
and is shared with other members of the
healthcare team?
a. Cord
b. Care
c. Cure
d. Core
Answer: D
Rationale: The Core Circle is based in the social sciences, involves
the therapeutic use of self, and is shared with other members of the
health team. The professional nurse, by developing an interpersonal
relationship with the patient, is able to help the patient verbally
express feelings regarding the disease process and its effects.
Patients are able to gain self-identity and further develop maturity.
Patients are able to make conscious decisions.
3. She believed that patients come to the hospital in a biological crisis
(acute episode of disease) and that medicine does
a great job at treating this crisis, but fails to treat the underlying chronic
disease. Which of the following is TRUE
regarding the cure concept of Hall's theory?
a. The nurse applies medical knowledge of disease to assist with the plan
of care
b. The nurse sets goals to comfort the patient
c. Patient may explore and share feelings with the nurse
d. The nurse assists the patient make informed decision
Answer: A
Rationale: The cure concept is based on pathological and
therapeutic sciences. Nurses help patients through the medical,
surgical and rehabilitative prescriptions made by the physician. The
cure aspect is different from the care circle because
Many of the nurse’s actions take on a negative quality of avoidance
of pain rather than a positive quality of comforting. Nurse’s role
changes from positive quality to negative quality.
4. Lydia Hall used her knowledge of psychiatry and nursing experiences in
the Loeb Center as a framework for formulating
her theory. Also known as “the Three Cs of Lydia Hall,” that contains three
independent but interconnected circles: the
core, the care, and the cure. Which of the following is the focus of the care
circle?
a. The nurse is sharing the care of the patient with other members of the
healthcare team to treat the patient
b. The nurse is performing the task of nurturing patients
c. Helps the patient learn what their role is in the healing process
d. Nurse assisting patients to make informed decisions
Answer: B
Rationale: The care circle is about the nurturing component of care.
It is also referred to as the "mothering" concept as it provides
teaching and learning activities. The goal is to “comfort” the patient.
5. The patient views the nurse as a potential comforter, one who provides
care and comfort through the laying on of hands.
Which of the following interdependent circles in Hall's theory is the
situation pertaining to?
a. Cord
b. Care
c. Cure
d. Core
Answer: B
Rationale: The care circle is about the nurturing component of care.
It is also referred to as the "mothering" concept as it provides
teaching and learning activities. The goal is to “comfort” the patient.
6. The nurse helps patients through surgical, and rehabilitative
prescriptions made by physicians. The nurse is also acting
as an advocate for the patient. Which of the following interdependent
circles in Hall's theory is the situation pertaining
to?
a. Cause
b. Care
c. Cure
d. Core
Answer: C
Rationale: The cure concept is based on pathological and
therapeutic sciences. Nurses help patients through the medical,
surgical and rehabilitative prescriptions made by the physician. The
cure aspect is different from the care circle because Many of the
nurse’s actions take on a negative quality of avoidance of pain rather
than a positive quality of comforting. Nurse’s role changes from
positive quality to negative quality.
7. Lydia Hall’s theory defines Nursing as the “participation in care, core
and cure aspects of patient care, where CARE is
the sole function of nurses, whereas the CORE and CURE are shared
with other members of the health team.” Hall
believed patients should receive care only from:
a. Doctors
b. Midwives
c. Ancillary Team
d. Professional Nurses
Answer: D
Rationale: Hall believed patients should receive care only from
professional nurses.
8. Which of the following is TRUE about the Model for Nursing Based on a
Model of Living? (Select all that apply)
a. The purpose of the theory is as an assessment used throughout the
patient’s care.
b. This theory categorizes the discoveries into activities of living through
complete assessment, which leads to interventions that support
independence in areas that may be difficult for the patient to address
alone.
c. The goal of the assessment and interventions is to promote maximum
dependence for the patient.
d. In this theory, the nurse uses the model to assess the patient’s relative
independence and potential for independence in the activities of daily
living.
Answer: ABD
Rationale: All of the statements are correct, except for option C. The
goal of the assessment and interventions is to promote maximum
independence for the patient.
9. In the Roper-Logan-Tierney Model of Nursing, all are considered to be
ADLs, except:
a. sleeping
b. dying
c. playing
d. dancing
Answer: D
Rationale: The activities of living listed in the Roper-Logan-Tierney
Model of Nursing are maintaining a safe environment, breathing,
communication, mobilizing, eating and drinking, eliminating,
personal cleansing and dressing, maintaining body temperature,
working and playing, sleeping, expressing sexuality, and dying.
10. In the five factors of Module of Nursing that are used to determine the
individual patient’s relative independence in
regards to the activities of daily living, which of the following pertains to the
impact of the government, politics, and
economy?
a. biological
b. psychological
c. sociocultural
d. environmental
e. politico-economic
Answer: E
1. The Twenty-One Nursing Problems Theory was developed by Faye
Glenn Abdellah. The twenty-one nursing problems
identified in the nursing theory are _____ steps used to identify the
patient’s problems and eleven skills used in
developing a treatment typology or nursing care plan.
a. 11
b. 12 5. Nurse Pepper is done performing assessment and is identifying a a. Teach early signs and symptoms of cardiac distress
c. 10 nursing diagnosis of acute shoulder pain. Which of b. Teach the appropriate course of action in resolving the problem
d. 9 the following an appropriate client-centered goal? c. Explore his work-related goals
Answer: C a. Encourage clients to focus on positive thoughts when pain begins. d. Elevate the head of bed
Rationale: The twenty-one nursing problems identified in the nursing b. Assess the effect of pain intensity on client function using the pain Answer: D
theory are 10 steps used to identify the patient’s rating scale Rationale: Elevating the head of bed is an example of basic care that
problems and eleven skills used in developing a treatment typology c. Obtain an order for a PRN analgesic 30 minutes before physical therapy will aid the patient to maintain physical comfort.
or nursing care plan. treatment. Options A and B are examples of restorative care needs while Option
d. Client reports a decrease of pain intensity of 4 or less during hospital C is an example of remedial care needs.
2. The most important impact of Abdellah’s theory to the nursing practice stay.
is that it helped transform the focus of the Answer: D 10. Which of the following is the identified limitation of Abdellah’s 21
profession from being ________________ to Rationale: This is measurable and objective. nursing problem theory?
________________________. a. It’s problem solving approach
a. disease-centered; client-centered 6. Which of the following is the correct order of the nursing process? b. The language used by Abdellah in creating the theory’s framework
b. client-centered; disease-centered a. Assessing, Planning, Diagnosing, Evaluating, Implementing c. The emphasis in providing medical attention to client’s needs
c. disease-centered; nursing-centered b. Planning, Assessing, Implementing, Diagnosing, Evaluating d. The very strong nurse-centered orientation
d. nursing-centered; client-centered. c. Diagnosing, Planning, Assessing, Implementing, Evaluating Answer: D
Answer: A d. Assessing, Diagnosing, Planning, Implementing, Evaluating Rationale: The major limitation to Abdellah’s theory and the 21
Rationale: The nursing-centered orientation to client care seems Answer: D nursing problems is their very strong nurse-centered orientation.
contrary to the client-centered approach that Abdellah professes to Rationale: The correct order of the nursing process is Assessing, She rather conceptualized nurses’ actions in nursing care which is
uphold. The apparent contradiction can be explained by her desire to Diagnosing, Planning, Implementing and Evaluating. contrary to her aim.
move away from a disease-centered
orientation. 7. According to Abdellah, the most appropriate evaluation would be the 1. In Henderson’s definition of health, she stated that “individuals will
nurse's progress or lack of progress toward the achieve or maintain health if they have the necessary
3. Which of the following is the primary concern of Abdellah’s theory? achievement of the stated goals. strength, will or knowledge”. Based on the overview of Henderson's
a. Disease orientation a. True philosophy presented in the chapter, it would be
b. Client orientation b. False most accurate to consider her theory as a:
c. Medical interventions c. Both a. Needs theory
d. Nursing-centered orientation d. Neither b. Practice theory
Answer: B Answer: A c. Outcome theory
Rationale: Professors and educators realized the importance of Rationale: The evaluation takes place after the interventions have d. Middle-range theory
client centered care rather than focusing on medical interventions. been carried out. The most convenient evaluation would be the Answer: A
Nursing education then slowly deviated its concentration from the nurse’s progress or lack of progress toward the achievement of the Rationale: The theory focuses on the importance of increasing the
complex medical concepts, into exercising better attention to the goals established in the planning phase. patient's independence to hasten their progress in the hospital.
client as the primary concern of the theory. Henderson's theory emphasizes on the basic human needs and how
8. Which of the following is/are NOT included in Abdellah’s 21 Nursing nurses can assist in meeting those needs
4. The nursing process is an evidence-based, five-step scientific method Problem Theory?
used to ensure that the patient is assessed, a. Spirituality 2. Virginia Henderson is a nurse, theorist, and author known for her Need
diagnosed and receives continuity of care across appropriate healthcare b. Sensory Functions Theory. She is still fondly referred to as the:
providers and departments. c. Sub-optimal activity and rest a. Girl Next Door
Once a nurse assesses a client’s condition and identifies appropriate d. Interrelatedness of emotions and illness b. Lady with the Lamp
nursing diagnoses, a: Answer: C c. Nursing Pioneer
a. Nurses develop a plan of care. Rationale: Sub-optimal activity and rest is not included in Abdellah’s d. First Lady of Nursing
b. Nurses begin physical assessments 21 nursing problem theory. Answer: D
c. Determining list of priorities. Rationale: Virginia Henderson is a nurse, theorist, and author known
d. Team members conducts a review of assessment 9. An 85-year-old female client experienced severe chest pain. In addition, for her Need Theory. She is also referred to as “The
Answer: B she experienced shortness of breath, First Lady of Nursing,”, “The Nightingale of Modern Nursing,”
Rationale: Once the problem has been diagnosed, a plan of care is tachycardia and profuse diaphoresis. Which of the following statements “Modern-Day Mother of Nursing,” and “The 20th Century Florence
developed prior to the implementation phase. pertain to the basic nursing care should this Nightingale.”
client receive?
3. Henderson considered the person to be of primary importance and that 7. The nurse’s goal is to make the patient complete, whole, or a. Learn, discover, or satisfy the curiosity that leads to normal
is the reason why we categorize her theory as independent. In turn, the nurse collaborates with the development and health and use the available
client-centered. How many activities did Virginia Henderson have in her physician’s therapeutic plan. The third level of Maslow's hierarchy of health facilities
"nursing activities for client assistance”? needs is what? b. Select suitable clothes-dress and undress.
a. 12 activities a. Safety needs c. Avoid dangers in the environment and avoid injuring others.
b. 14 activities b. Love and belonging d. Both B and C
c. 11 activities c. Self-Actualization Answer: D
d. 10 activities d. Esteem and Value Rationale: Choice D contains the physiological components of
Answer: B Answer: B Henderson’s Basic Human Needs Theory.
Rationale: Henderson enumerated 14 activities for client assistance Rationale: The third level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs is love and
belonging.
4. Henderson states that individuals have basic needs that are 1. The Health Promotion Model was designed to be a “complementary
components of health and require assistance to achieve 8. What is Maslow's highest level of need in the hierarchy pyramid? counterpart to models of health protection. How does Pender's Health
health and independence or a peaceful death. Henderson believed that a. Safety needs Promotion Model describe nurses?
the nursing theory should be centered around: b. Love and belonging a. As part of a client’s interpersonal environment
a. The family c. Self-Actualization b. As agents of change
b. Patient/ Patient needs d. Esteem and Value c. As partners
c. The health care team Answer: C d. All of the above
d. The nurse Rationale: Maslow's highest level of need in the hierarchy pyramid is Answer: A
Answer: B Self-Actualization. Rationale: The Health Promotion Model notes that each person has
Rationale: The Need Theory emphasizes on the importance of unique personal characteristics and experiences that affect
increasing the patient’s independence and focuses on the basic 9. Which of the following is Virginia Henderson’s definition of nursing? subsequent actions. The set of variables for behavioral specific
human needs so that progress after hospitalization would not be a. Nursing is an art and science that is humanistic and humanitarian. knowledge and affect have important motivational significance.
delayed. b. Nursing is a participation in care, core and cure aspects of patient care, These variables can be modified through nursing actions. Thus,
where CARE is the sole function nurses become a part of a client's interpersonal environment.
5. Nurse Pepper is caring for a diabetic client. Her patient suffered from of nurses
peripheral neuropathy and could not feed herself. c. The unique function of the nurse is to assist the individual, sick or well, 2. Pender's Health Promotion Model examines the multi-dimensional
According to Henderson, which of the following roles of nursing is NOT in the performance of those activities contributing to health or its recovery nature of persons as they interact within their
included? (or to peaceful death). environment to pursue health. Which of the following is/are NOT a
a. A substitute for the nurse d. Nursing is an interpersonal, therapeutic process that takes place when behavior-specific cognition and affect variable?
b. A helper to the patient professionals, specifically educated a. Perceived self-efficacy
c. A partner with the patient to be nurses, engage in therapeutic relationships with people who are in b. Perceived benefits of action
d. A substitute for the patient need of health services. c. Situational influences
Answer: A Answer: C d. Prior related behavior
Rationale: A substitute for the nurse is not included in Henderson’s Rationale: Virginia Henderson’s definition of nursing is “"The unique Answer: D
theory. function of the nurse is to assist the individual, sick orwell, in the Rationale: Behavior-specific cognition and affect concepts are
performance of those activities contributing to health or its recovery considered of major motivational significance. These
6. Virginia Henderson also believed that it was important that nursing be (or to peaceful death) that he would perform variables are modifiable through nursing actions. Option D is an
based on evidence, and that research was a unaided if he had the necessary strength, will or knowledge. And to individual characteristics and experiences variable.
critical component of improving nursing practice. Using Maslow's do this in such a way as to help him gain independence
Hierarchy of Needs, which of the following is an as rapidly as possible" 3. Individual's likelihood of taking action- results from a person's
an example of physiological needs? perception of benefits and barriers to taking action.
a. Worship according to one’s faith Which of the following major concepts of Pender’s health model pertains
b. Work at something providing a sense of accomplishment 10. Henderson stressed that an individual person or client is a whole, to the frequency of the same or similar
c. Move and maintain desirable posture complete and independent being with biological, behavior in the past?
d. Avoid environmental dangers sociological, and spiritual components. These components are a. Prior related behavior
Answer: D operationalized in the 14 fundamental or basic human b. Personal factors
Rationale: Moving and maintaining desirable posture is an example needs. Based on Henderson's theory, the following are examples of c. Perceived benefits of action
of physiological needs. psychological components except? d. Health promoting behavior
Answer: A
Rationale: Prior related behavior pertains to the frequency of the c. Biological factors d. Goal of Transcultural Nursing
similar behavior in the past. d. Socio cultural factors Answer: A
Answer: C Rationale: Universality pertains to the common care or similar
4. The end result directed toward accomplishing beneficial health outcome Rationale: Personal biological factors include variables such as age meanings that are evident among many cultures.
such as optimal well-being, personal gender body mass index pubertal status, aerobic capacity, strength,
fulfillment, and personal living agility, or balance. 2. What are the dominant, distinctive, and unifying features of nursing that
a. personal psychological factors are essential for a person’s survival,
b. health promoting behaviors 8. The health promotion model (HPM) proposed by Nola J Pender (1982; development, and ability to deal with life events?
c. activity-related affect revised, 1996) was designed to be a a. Spiritual aspect of care
d. perceived self-efficacy “complementary counterpart to models of health protection.” Which of the b. Goal of Transcultural Nursing
Answer: B following personal factors include race, c. Diversity
Rationale: Health promoting behaviors are the endpoint or action ethnicity, and acculturation? d. Caring
outcome directed toward attaining positive health a. Personal factors Answer: D
outcomes such as optimal well-being, personal fulfillment, and b. Psychological factors Rationale: Caring is the dominant, distinctive and unifying feature of
personal living. c. Biological factors nursing as it refers to the nurse’s role of assisting, supporting or
d. Socio cultural factors enabling behaviors that ease or improve a person’s condition.
5. Pender’s health promotion model defines health as “a positive dynamic Answer: D
state not merely the absence of disease.” Rationale: Personal socio-cultural factors include variables such as 3. Which of the following is/ are NOT true about culture?
Which of the following include variables such as self-esteem, self- race, ethnicity, acculturation, education, and a. Refers to learned, shared, and transmitted values, beliefs, norms and
motivation, personal competence, perceived health socioeconomic status. life ways of a particular place.
status, and definition of health: b. Provides the basis for cultural values, which identify ways of thinking or
a. Personal socio-cultural factors 9. Which of the following personal factors include self-esteem and self- acting.
b. Perceived self-efficacy motivation? c. Both exhibit diversity and universality
c. Perceived barriers to action a. Personal factors d. Refers to the outlook of a person or group on the world or their universe
d. Personal factors b. Psychological factors to form a picture or a value perception about their life or world around
Answer: D c. Biological factors them
Rationale: Personal Factors has 3 categories which includes d. Socio cultural factors Answer: D
Personal Biological Factors, Personal Psychological Factors, and Answer: B Rationale: Options A, B and C refer to culture as it guides thinking,
Personal socio-cultural factors. Wherein, Personal Psychological Rationale: Personal psychological factors include variables such as decisions, and actions in specific ways. Option D is
factors includes variables such as self-esteem, self-motivation, self-esteem, self-motivation, personal competence, perceived health Worldview.
personal competence, perceived health status, and definition of health.
status, and definition of health 4. What are the three types of nursing actions according to Madeleine
10. The Health Promotion Model is similar in construction to the health Leininger, except?
6. Describes subjective positive or negative feelings that occur before, belief model, which explains disease prevention a. Cultural Care Preservation or Maintenance
during and after behavior. behavior. Which of the following involves anticipated, imagined or real b. Cultural Care Accommodation or Negotiation
a. Interpersonal influences barriers preventing the change? c. Cultural Care Repatterning or Restructuring
b. Situational influences a. Perceived self-efficacy d. Culture Care Assimilation
c. Commitment to a plan of action b. Health promoting behavior. Answer: D
d. Activity related affect c. Perceived barriers to action Rationale: Culture Care Assimilation is not among the three nursing
Answer: D d. Perceived benefit of action actions according to Madeleine Leininger.
Rationale: Activity related affect describes subjective positive or Answer: D
negative feelings that occur before, during and after behavior based Rationale: Perceived Benefits of Action pertains to anticipated 5. Pepper, a 79-year old diabetic patient is conscious about what she eats
on the stimulus properties of the behavior itself. It influences positive outcomes that will occur from health behavior. by eating foods rich in fiber. She also makes it
perceived self-efficacy. a point to take her insulin shots on time. Which of the following types of
nursing actions demonstrates Martha’s
7. Health promotion is directed at increasing a client’s level of well-being. 1. According to Leininger, the true essence of nursing is caring. Which of behavior?
Which of the following variables pertains to the following pertains to commonalities of care? a. Cultural Care Preservation or Maintenance
age, gender, race, basal metabolic rate? a. Universality b. Cultural Care Accommodation or Negotiation
a. Personal factors b. Culture care c. Cultural Care Repatterning or Restructuring
b. Psychological factors c. Diversity d. Culture Care Assimilation
Answer: A
Rationale: Culture Care Preservation or Maintenance is a caring
skilled action and decision that people of a certain culture retain so
that they can keep up with their well-being, recover from illness, or
face handicaps or death.
6. Encouraging direct care such as bathing, feeding, and other activities of
daily living by family members who may be
interested in actively contributing in the care of a loved one is referring to
________________.
a. Cultural Care Preservation or Maintenance
b. Cultural Care Accommodation or Negotiation
c. Cultural Care Repatterning or Restructuring
d. Culture Care Assimilation
Answer: A
Rationale: Cultural Care Preservation or Maintenance refers to the
choices that would “maintain and preserve desirable and helpful
values and beliefs”.
7. Nurse Pepper teaches Arnold, a 67-year-old Filipino-American patient
that although garlic may lower his blood pressure; He still needs to take
the prescribed antihypertensive medications. Which of the following
explains Nurse Pepper’s nursing action?
a. Cultural Care Preservation or Maintenance
b. Cultural Care Accommodation or Negotiation
c. Cultural Care Repatterning or Restructuring
d. None of these
Answer: B
Rationale: Negotiation and Accommodation: this is helpful in
“adaptation and transaction for care that is fitting for the culture of
the individual, families or groups.
8. Orah is an 89-year-old patient who does not believe that she needs an
advance directive because “death is up to God.”
Nurse Pepper, who is taking care of her, can educate her about having
her wishes followed when she can no longer
make decisions or speak for herself. Explaining that by creating advance
directives, her wishes will be followed. Which of the following explains
Nurse Pepper’s nursing action?
a. Cultural Care Preservation or Maintenance
b. Cultural Care Accommodation or Negotiation
c. Cultural Care Repatterning or Restructuring
d. None of these
Answer: C
Rationale: Repatterning or Restructuring: this involves working with
the individual in a “mutual decision-making process as
the nurse modifies or changes the nursing action to achieve better
health outcomes”. The nurse sets mutual decisions with the patient
to use change or modification in the care plan to achieve improved
health outcomes.
a. It addresses more narrowly defined phenomena and can be used to
9. Refers to cultural variability or differences in care beliefs, meanings, suggest an intervention.
patterns, values, symbols, and lifeways within and b. It addresses more narrowly defined phenomena and can be used to
between cultures and human beings. suggest a nursing diagnosis.
a. Globalization c. It is broader and provides an overall framework for structuring ideas.
b. Culture Care Universality d. It is broader and provides a specific framework for structuring ideas.
c. Culture Care Diversity Answer: C
d. World view Rationale: A grand nursing theory is broader and provides an overall
Answer: D framework for structuring ideas. She also states that people cannot
Rationale: Culture care diversity indicates the variabilities and/or be divided into parts.
differences in meanings, patterns, values, lifeways, or symbols of
care within or between collectives that are related to assistive, 3. The theory asserts that every person in every situation, no matter how
supportive, or enabling human care expressions. disordered and hopeless it may seem, is part of
the universal process of expanding consciousness. Which among the
10. Past facts, events and experiences of individuals, groups, and various following is NOT among the three correlates of
cultures and institutions that are mainly people- consciousness?
centered (ethnic) and that explains, and interprets human lifeways within a. Space
particular cultural trends refers to: b. Movement
a. Acculturation c. Time
b. Bicultural d. Motion
c. Ethnohistory Answer: D
d. Ethnicity Rationale: Options D is not among the three correlates of
Answer: C consciousness.
Rationale: Ethnohistory refers to past facts, events and experiences
of individuals, groups, and various cultures and 4. A concept of Newman's theory which refers to the depicts the whole
institutions that are mainly people-centered (ethnic) and that and is characterized by movement, diversity, and
explains, and interprets human lifeways within particular rhythm.
cultural trends a. Pattern
b. Consciousness
1. The theory explains that health and illness are synthesized as health. In c. Time and Timing
this model, nursing is regarded as “caring in d. Pattern Recognition
the human health experience.” Which of the following choices is true Answer: A
regarding this statement? Rationale: Pattern pertains to information that depicts the whole and
a. Nursing is seen as a partnership between the nurse and the patient’s understanding of the meaning of all the relationships at once.
immediate family members
b. Nursing is seen as a partnership between the nurse and patient 5. Newman emphasizes the importance of examining ___________
c. Nursing is seen as a partnership between the nurse and the other together as dimensions of emerging patterns of
members of the healthcare team consciousness rather than as separate concepts of the theory.
d. Nursing is seen as the sole responsibility of the nurse in caring for the a. Pattern recognition
patient b. Movement-Space-Time
Answer: B c. Consciousness
Rationale: In this model, nursing is “caring in the human health d. Health
experience.” It is seen as a partnership between the nurse and Answer: B
patient, with both growing in the “sense of higher levels of Rationale: Newman emphasizes the importance of examining
consciousness. movement-space-time together as dimensions of emerging
patterns of consciousness rather than as separate concepts of the
2. Newman’s Health as Expanding Consciousness Theory is beneficial theory (M. Newman, personal communication, 2004).
because it can be applied in any setting and
“generates caring interventions.” Which of the following is the reason why
it is considered as a grand nursing theory?
6. The theory, Health as Expanding Consciousness, stems from Rogers’
(1970) science of unitary human beings and other
theories. Which among the following theorists implicates order and
supports Newman’s postulate that disease is a
manifestation of the pattern of health?
a. David Bohm
b. Martha Rogers;
c. Itzak Bentov
d. Arthur Young
Answer: A
Rationale: David Bohm's Theory of Implicate asserts order and
supports Newman’s postulate that disease is a
manifestation of the pattern of health.
7. Persons are centers of consciousness. Which among the following
theory and theorists provided impetus for Newman
to integrate the basic concepts of her new theory, movement, space, time,
and consciousness, into a dynamic portrayal
of life and health?
a. David Bohm’s; The Theory of Implicate
b. Martha Rogers; Theory of Unitary Human Beings
c. Itzak Bentov; The concept of evolution of consciousness
d. Arthur Young; Theory of Process
Answer: D
Rationale: Arthur Young’s theory of human evolution pinpointed the
role of pattern recognition for Newman. She explained that Young’s
ideas provided impetus for her to integrate the basic concepts of her
new theory, movement, space, time, and consciousness, into a
dynamic portrayal of life and health
8. Which among the following nursing paradigms under Newman’s theory
is the key process that creates unique
configurations for each individual?
a. Person
b. Health
c. Environment
d. Nursing
Answer: C
Rationale: Environment is described as a “universe of open
systems”. It is the key process that creates unique configurations for
each individual as it serves as a pattern of person consciousness
that interacts within the pattern of family consciousness
and within the pattern of community interactions
9. Newman suggested the use of nine patterns of interaction in the health
assessment framework of NANDA. Which of
the following is/are NOT one of them?
a. Communicating
b. Assumption
c. Choosing
d. Feeling
Answer: B
Rationale: The nine patterns of interaction are choosing,
communicating, exchanging, feeling, knowing, moving, perceiving,
relating and valuing.
10. This pertains to the manifestations of the rhythmic fluctuations of the
life process. (Select all that apply)
a. Illness
b. Consciousness
c. Pattern
d. Health
e. Disease
Answer: AD
Rationale: Health and illness are simply manifestations of the
rhythmic fluctuations of the life process is the foundation for viewing
health and illness as a unitary process moving through variations in
order-disorder.
1. Parse synthesized the original nine assumptions about humans and into
four assumptions about human becoming. All of these are included
EXCEPT:
a. Human becoming is structuring meaning, freely choosing with
situations.
b. Human becoming is configuring rhythmical human universe patterns.
c. Human becoming is contradicting illimitably with emerging possibilities.
d. Human becoming is the human universe co-creating a seamless
symphony.
Answer: C
Rationale: Human becoming is co-transcending illimitably with
emerging possible.
2. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE about the Human
Becoming Theory?
a. The theory guides the practice of nurses to focus on quality as it is
described and lived
b. The theory presents an alternative to both the conventional biomedical
approach as well as the bio-psycho-social - spiritual approach of nursing
c. The theory rates quality of life from each person's own perspective as
the goal of the practice of nursing.
d. The theory presents a broad, holistic and system-based method to
nursing that maintains a factor of flexibility. It focuses on the response of
the patient system to actual or potential environmental stressors and the
maintenance of the client system’s stability through primary, secondary,
and tertiary nursing prevention intervention to reduce stressors.
Answer: D
Rationale: Option D is about Betty Neuman’s Nursing Theory
3. Based on Parse’s Symbol of Human Becoming Theory, what does the
intertwining of the green and black swirls signify?
a. Human-Universe co- creation as an ongoing process of becoming
b. Hope
c. Opposite paradox significant to ontology of human becoming
d. Co-created mutual human universe process at the ontological level and
nurse person process.
Answer: A
Rationale: Option A is represented by green and black swirls
intertwining. Option B is represented by the color green. Option C is
represented by the colors black and white while Option D is center
joined.
4. A concept of Newman's theory which depicts the whole and is
characterized by movement, diversity, and rhythm.
a. Pattern
b. Consciousness
c. Time and Timing
d. Pattern Recognition
Answer: A
Rationale: Pattern pertains to information that depicts the whole and
understanding of the meaning of all the relationships at once.
5. Parse's model rates quality of life from each person's own perspective
as the goal of the practice of nursing. Which of the following is an example
of a paradox?
a. Marga is very shy and loves public speaking
b. Nurse Renee takes good care of his patient by making sure that their
needs are met
c. Everyone is born with unique characteristics
d. Health is wealth
Answer: A
Rationale: According to this theory, a paradox is an inconsistent and
self-contradictory statement. Furthermore, Parse believes that
people are always revealing or concealing themselves because
people are dynamic and always change their mind.
6. One of the purposes of the theory is to assist with critical thinking and
problem solving. What are the three major themes of the Human
Becoming Theory?
a. Imaging, valuing, languaging
b. Rhythmicity, imaging, languaging
c. Meaning, rhythmicity, transcendence
d. Revealing-concealing, enabling-limiting, connecting-separating
Answer: C
Rationale: Option C is correct as it is pertaining to the three major
themes as per Parse’s theory. Option A is about the meaning theme.
Option B is incorrect. Option D is about rhythmicity.
 7. The Neuman Systems Model views the client as an open system that
responds to stressors in the environment. The client variables are
physiological, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual.
Three principles constitute the human becoming theory. Each principle
contains three concepts that require thoughtful exploration. People are
always engaging with and choosing from infinite possibilities about how to
be, what attitudes and approach to have, who to relate to. What principle
is exemplified in the given statement?
a. Con-transcending with impossibilities
b. Configuring rhythmical patterns
c. Structuring meaning
d. Con-transcending with possibilities
Answer: D
Rationale: Con-transcending with possibilities is the powering and
originating of transforming to. Moving beyond the 'now' moment is
forging a unique personal path for oneself in the midst of ambiguity
and continuous change.
10. It is being with and apart from others, ideas, objects and situations all
at once.
a. Originating
b. Revealing- concealing
c. Powering
d. Connecting- separating
Answer: D
Rationale: Connecting- separating is the third concept of the second
principle. The paradox connected with connecting-separating is
attending-distancing. This concept relates to the ways persons
create patterns of connecting and separating with people and
projects. Patterns created reveal value priorities. Connecting-
separating is about communion aloneness and the ways people
separate from some to join with others. Option A is certainty-
uncertainty; conforming- not conforming. Option B is disclosing-not
disclosing. Option C is pushing-resisting; affirming-not affirming;
being- nonbeing.

8. This principle means that human beings create patterns in day-to-day

life and these patterns tell about personal meanings and values.
a. Structuring of meaning multidimensionally
b. Co-creating rhythmical patterns of relating
c. Co-transcending with the possibilities
d. Revealing-concealing

Answer: B
Rationale: This principle means that human beings create patterns in
day-to-day life, and these patterns tell about personal meanings and
values. In the patterns of relating that people create, many freedoms
and restrictions surface with choices; all patterns involve complex
engagements and disengagements with people, ideas, and
preferences. The second principle has three concepts: (1) revealing-
concealing, (2) enabling-limiting, and (3) connecting-separating.

9. It is the indivisible unbounded knowing extended to infinity, all at once

remembering and prospecting with the moment.
a. Paradox
b. Illimitability
c. Freedom
d. Mystery
Answer: B
Rationale: Option A is an intricate rhythm expressed as pattern
preference. Option B is correct. Option C is contextually construed
liberation. People are free to continuously choose ways of being with
their situations. Option D is the unexplainable, that which cannot be
completely known.