A MentalArithmetic

T AB LE OF CO NTENTS .
S ECT I ON S I -I I I VI L-I X. SECT I ON S I V -VI X XI

m
.
,
m
, .
m fim
. .
. .
,
N u be r s '
o on e to te n N u b e rs f ro te n to twe nty
m
.
.
-
S ac n on P : S ac r xox Pa o
I . Addi ti on an d Su btr ac I V Addi ti on

. a nd S u btr e e
1-3 8- 9
II . M u ltiplica tion an d V M u lti plica tion

. a nd Di
Di v isi on 4-5 vi si on " . 10-11
dDy M
. .
III . 6- 7 Li qu id an r e as u re 10
VI I Parts of N 1 4-19 VI M i sce l
lan e ou s 12- 13
m
. . .
VI I I Fi n di ng N b X Pa rts of W h ole s and
m
e rs
m
. u .
fro th e ir 20- 2 1 W h ole s fro Pa rts 2 4-2 7

IX . 22- 23 XI . M l
i sce lane ou s 28- 80
Ex e rc i se s i n mkia ng e x a m
pl e s, p ge s
a 3, 5, 23, 80 .
S ECT I ON S XI I .
-X X I I .
N u m
b ers f ro m one to on e h u ndr e d .
XI I Addi ti on of Un i ts to T e ns a nd
mT
.
XI I I Su btrac ti on of U n i ts fro e ns a n d Un i ts
m
.
XI V . Ex a pl es i n Addi ti on an d S u btra cti on .
Addi ti on of T e ns an d Uni ts
S u btra c ti on of T e ns an d Uni ts
N u m
b er : to one h u ndr e d a nd fi
fy
t .
XV . M u lti plica ti on to T we lve ti m es
XVI . M is ce lla n e ou s
X VI I .
X VI I I .
XI X M i sce l
la ne ou s i n M ti pl
ul i ca ti on a n d Di vi sion
m
.
D i vi si on , Frac ti ona lFor

X XI Fi n din g Pa rts of W h ole s and W h ole s fro mP a r ts
m
.
X XI I . M i sce ll
a ne ou s Ex a p l es
v m S I GN S .
m SI GN S, x, “L 0
T h e S ig n of Eq u ali ty ,
T h is sign m ea n s e q u a ls , or e qu al .
T h u s, 5 and 3 8 ;
s h ows th a t 5 a n d 3 toge th e r e
q u a l8 .
“
5 an d 3 8 is r e a d, 5 a nd 3 are
Th e S i g n Plu s,
h
T is si g m n e ans a n d .
T h u s, 5 3 8 ;
s h ow s th a t 5 a n d 3 are 8, or th a t 5 wi t h3 a dde d . is 8 .
“
8 is r ea d, 5 a nd 3 are 8 .
Th e S i g n M in u s,
T h i s sign me an s le s s .
T h u s, 10 3 7 ;
sh ow s th a t 3 ta k e n , or su btr a c te d, fr o m0 l 1 e a v es 7 .
“
10 3 7 is re a d, e ss 3 i s
10 l
Th e S ig n of M ulti p l
i c a ti on , x .
T h is si gn m mlti p li d by
e an s u e .
T h u s, 4 X 3 2 1
sh ow s th a t 4 kta 3 im menk 12 t es a es
4 m
.
“
4 x 3 12 i d lip l
s re a i d by 3 i
,
u t e s
Th e S ig n of D i v i s i on ,
T h i s si g n me a ns di vi d e d by .
T h u s, 3
sh ow s th a t 20 c on ta i n s fiv e 4
’
s , or th a t on e fou r th of 20 i s 5
.
20 4 5 is r e a d, 2 0 di vi de d by 4 i s
M EN T AL ARI T H M ET I C .
SECTION I .
AD D I T I O N AN D S U B T R AC T I ON .
mb f m N u e rs ro on e to te n .
1 1 O book i H y d k d tw book
ne s on e nr
’
s es an o s are on
y H w my
. . ,
M ar
’
s. both d k
o an ar e on es s
2 I my i gh
n t h d tw p
r i my l f t th
an ar e o e n s, n e are re e .
H w my
.
o th i both h d
an are e re n an s
3 F kg fi t pi to p y f fo t wo th ’
. r an ave a v e -c e n e ce a or u r ce n s r
of fig W h t h g ho ld h
s . a iv b k
c an e s u e r e ce e ac
4 Th th gi l
e re ar e d of tilt d th
re e r s on on e en a a n re e
H w my
.
,
on th oth e er both o an on
bbit tw m
.
5 I g n a th ca i
e are d q i l re e ra s, o ce , an on e s u rre
H w my i ml i
. .
o an ll an a s n a
6 R th h d i p
. u h d t tw of th m H w m y
a s x e ac e s, a n a e o e . o an
w e rel ft e
7 Ho ght i ght fi h b t th w w y fo of
ra c e ca u e s e s, u re a a u r
th m H w m y h d h
.
e o th an a e e n ?
f m h th lft H w
.
8 Aft ll i g fo l
e r se n u r c a v e s, a ar er as re e e o
my h d h t fi t
. .
an a e a rs
9 I w i d w of i ght p
n a tw
n ob ok H w e a n e s, o ar e r en o
m y w hol
. .
an ar e e
10 H w m y d y o th i an w k H w my
a s are e re n a ee o an
mi ft S d y M d y d T d y h v p d
.
re a n a er u n a on a a n u es a a e a s se
, ,
2 M E N T AL ARI T H M E T I c .
11 . I h ave a h o r se w ic h h wa s fiv e y e ars old th re e y e ar s
a go ; h oold i h w
w s e no
12 sFo gi l
ur d fi boy k ti g H w m y r s an ve s ar e s a n . o an
ch il d th
re ni l
l are e re n a
13 N i p o w i it d t p ty ; ll b t tw
ne e rs n s e re nv e o a ar
m H w my m
. a u o
ca e . o an ca e
14 T h i ho i th t bl th i th y d
e re are s x r se s n e s a e, ree n e ar
H w my
.
,
an d i th p t
on e n th i ll? e as u re o an ar e e re n a
1 5 F om p il o t i i g t
.
q t th q t l k d
r a a c n a n n en u a r s, re e u ar s ea e
H w my q t mi d
.
ou t o an u ar s re a ne
m
.
16 A b of boy w th b h ; ft fi h d
nu er s e re on e e ac a er ve a
go w y fi t ill mi d H w m y w th
.
ne a a , t
ve s re a ne . o an e re e re a
fir st ?
17 In m o b l i d i th
a n e st a r e si x e gg s If th re e re e a n e
t h w my
. .
ne s , i ll th o b th an w ere e en
18 W i ll i h . fi t ; i h th m e o h b yas ve ce n s w t re e re e ca n u
a b ll W t i th o t of th b ll
a ha s e c s e a
1 9 F o mBo to t M ld m
.
r i fo i l ; to W k fi ld s n o a en s ur es a e e
i m i t f o mBo to
.
is o
s x H w f i re . t W k fi ld o ar s r s n o a e e ,
goi g th o gh M ld
n r u a en
2 0 Ell h fi book ; J ah fo m o th Ell

as ve s an e as u r re an a
H w my h
. .
J
o g h i boy h i H w my
o an as an e
21 A m h i an as n ne ran e s, s as s x o an
l h h boy th th m
. .
e ss as t e an e an
22 F k g to b d i ght o lo k Rob t t i
r an oe s e at e
’
c c er a s x
H w mh
. .
,
o li do Rob t go th F k
u c e ar er es er an ran
2 3 Rob t k if h th bl d F k h fi ’ ’
er s n e as re e a e s, ran s as ve
H w my m
. .
o o bl d h F k k if th Rob t
an re a es as ra n
’
s n e an er
’
s
24F . r an k ’
s a ge i s te n y e a r s, R ob t er
’
s is se v en . W ha t is
th di ff
e b t w th i g e r e nce e een e r a es
25 F y o t fo o l k ; h w m y ho h d
. ann ar se a u r
’
c oc o an u rs a sh e
b een u
p tt o lo k a en
’
c c
2 6 T w boy w t di g t g th ;
. w lk d
o s e re s an n o e er on e a e e as t
fo f t d th o th w lk d w t fi f t H w
ur ee , an e er a e es ve ee . o fa r
ap t w th y th
ar e re e en
A DD I T I ON A N D S UB T RA C T I ON .
3
27 In o ki g h i m d 6 m 2 mh a i r s, 2 r
m h i H w my h i
. a r oo are ar c c n c a r s, a n co
on c a rs . th i ll
'
o an c a rs are e re n a
28 A pl g h w h i h o t dollou old f fo doll c c s se v e n a r s, s or u r ars
l th it o t F h w m h di d i t ll
.
d b k ; f om
e ss or o u c
f omtw to t
an c s . se
29 Co t by t w . u n os r o en an ac r on e
t o i n ned b k an ac
f omth to i d b k ; f om
.
30 C t by th ou n re e s r re e n ne an ac r
d b k ; f omtw to i ght
.
on e to t en an d b k ac r o e an ac .
2 T h p pil m y m ek q t i u bo t p tt is g th a a e u es on s a u u n re e
m
.
a ppl w i th oth es b of ppl ; bo t t ki g p t f

an er nu er a es a u a n ar o
e i gh t t w y ; bo t tw boy w lki g w y f om h
ce n s a a a u o s a n a a r e ac
o th e r.
3 Gi v . t i ght w t th follow i g
e a s a ns e rs o e n
i ii i ii iv .
a . 5 — 1 7 — 5
b . 10 — 5 7 — 4
0. 3 — 1 9 — 2 10 — 7
(1 . 9 —
6 9 — 3
9 . 2 — 1 9 — 1 10 — 2
1. 6 — 4 8 — 3 10 — 1 5— 4
g . 7 — 1 8 — 4 8 — 2
11 . 3 — 2 7 — 3 7 — 2
j . 6 — 1 8 — 6 10 — 9 5 — 3
It . 4 — 3 9 — 4 10 — 3
1 . 4 — 2 34 4 -
10 — 6
111 . 4 4 1 - 6 — 5 9 — 8
n 4 — 1
0 10 — 8 9 — 7
p 5 — 2 9 — 5
q 7 — 6 8 —
7 10 — 4
T. 6 — 2
5 6 — 3 8 — 5 8 — 1
4 M E N T A L ARI T H M E T I C .
SECTION II .
M U L T I PL I C A T I O N AN D D I V I S I ON .
N u m
b ers f ro m on e to te n .
4 1 pg T h
l f f book H w
e re are tw o a es on on e ea o a o
my p g
. . .
an th th la es
[ S p g
ar e ere on re e eave s ee a e
2 H w m y bl d
. th i tw p i f i o
o an a e s are ere n o a rs o sc s s r s
3 W h t i th
. t f fo p h t tw a st pi e c os o u r e ac es a o ce n s a e ce
4 W h t i th t f tw p tf a t pi
s e c os o o e ars a ou r c e n s a e ce
i pl m w h i h
.
5 J h h o j t o gh to gi h i
n as s x u s, c ar e u s en u ve s
H w my i t
.
i t th
s s e rs pi h
re e h a
[ S p g e ce . o an s s e rs as e ee a e
16 8 ]
6 . H ow m y ppl t tw an a es a o ce n s t e ac h ca n be b ght f
ou or
fou r ce n s t f i t or s x c e n s
7 H ow my th an ox e n a r e e re in th re e yok of o e xe n
m y yok of
.
8 . M r . D ay h a s ei ght ox e n . H ow an e ox e n
h as h e
9 H ow m y ho
an p r se s in on e s p an in fo ur s an
H w my p
.
10 M Oti h fi ho r s of h as ve r se s o an s an or s e s
d h w my h
. . .
ca n h h e h
a r n e ss a n h b id o an or s e s as e es es
1 1 Joh w lk d th m il i n ho b t J m od
a e re e es n an u r, u a es r e
th tim f di d J m i d
.
re e H w f e s as ar o ar a es r e
12 H w m y p
.
. d f b tt
o th i tw bo of
an ou n s o u e r are e re n o xes
fi po d
ve h u n s e ac
13 J b y i t th ho fo ti k of w ood t
o ca n ca r r n o e u se u r s c s a a
ti m H w m y ti m m t h go to
.
e o y i i ght ti k
an es u s e ca r r n e s c s
14 H w m y d k w i ll b
.
. o q i d to t t p pi l i f
an es s e re u re se a en u s,
tw p p i l
o it tu hd k s can s a e ac es
15 H w m y . tt w ill b q i d to t t p p il
o an se ees e re u re se a en u s,
if fi p p i l
ve i t po u h tt s can s u n e ac se ee
16 I f .t w ill buy th dl h w m y dl
on e c e n re e nee e s, o an ne e es
w ill tw t by o ce n s u
M ULT I PLI C A T I ON AN D D I VI S I ON . 6
17 .ppl e i w o th fo d te h ow m y d t
If on e a s r ur a s, an a es a re
tw ppl w o th
o a es r
18 T h f t qu l
. y d H w m y f t q l tw
ree ee e a on e ar . o an ee e u a o
y d th y d
ar s re e ar s
19 H w m y f t oth i tw y d d tw f t
an ee ar e e re n o ar s an o ee
q t mk gallo H w m y q t i
.
2 0 Fo . u r u ar s a e a n . o an u ar s n one
g llo d tw q t i tw g ll
a n an d
o q t u ar s n o a on s a n on e u ar
2 1 A m ow i g i d ll g i p ym t f h i d bt
an n n ne o a r s, ave n a en o s e
ti m y H w
.
tw lv t fo doll
o ca es ah d th ur ar s e ac an e res n on e o
m h m y di d h p y
.
u c on e e a
22 H w m y g llo i fo
o q t i i q t
an a ns n u r u ar s n s x u ar s
2 3 H w m y g llo
.
. io i ght q t i i q t
an a ns n e u ar s n n ne u ar s
A nsT w g llo d oq t a ns an on e u ar ov e r
24 H w m y y d
. .
o th i i f t i an f t ar s are e re n s x ee n se v e n ee
25 H w my y d i
.
. o i f t? i t f t i fi
an ar s n n ne ee n en ee n ve
f t
t H w m y h lf di m i
ee
26 A h l f di m i fi
. a e s v e ce n s . o an a es n
ei ght t i t t
ce n s n e n ce n s
5 . Gi v e a t si ght a n sw e r s to th followi g
e n
27 . T wo 2
’
s ? tw o 1
’
s ? tw 4 o 2x2
’
s ? ? 2x 5 ? lx 2 ?
28 . T h ree 2
’
s ? tw o 3 s ? tw o 5 s ? 4 x 2
’ ’
? lx 3 ? 5 x 2 ?
29 . F iv e 2
’
s ? th re e 3s ? ’
s ix 1
’
s ? 2 x 4 ? 3 x 1 ? 3x 3 ?
30 Fo u r 2
’
s ? on e 3? 4 ? 2 x 3? 3 x 2
on e
? 1XS?
my 2
.
31 H in 4 ? i n 6 ? in 2 ? in 8 ? i n 10 ?
’
ow an s
w my 2
.
32 H in 5 ? in 7 ? in 3 ? in 9 ? Fi r s t
’
. o an s a ns .
T wo a n d on e ov e r
my 3
.
33 H ow an
’
s i n 6 ? i n 9 ? i n 3 ? i u lo ? i n 8 ?
w my 5
.
34 H i n 10 ? in 5 in 7 ? in 9 ?
’
o an s ?
my 4 i 8 ? i 6 ?
.
35 H . ow an
’
s n n in 9 ? i n 7 ? i n 10 ?
6 . T he p pil my mk q ti
u s a a e u es on s
U s in g f 2 ; bo t di idi g
ou r
’
s a u v n 6 th i g mn o g th
s a n e ir
f r ie n d ; bo t p d i g 10 t f
s a u s en n ce n s or an y k i d of f
n i t ru .
6 M EN T AL ARI T H M E T I 0 .
SE CTION III .
M I SC EL LA N E O U S .
7 1 flyi g ki t ; ll b t tw f th m
Ei ght boy s we re a
H w my w t w y
. . n e a u o o e
w t w y
en a a o an en a a
th m
.
2 Alf d h fi p re d M y h aso th ve ru n e s an a
H w my h
. as re e re an
Alf d re M y o an as a
3 H w m y boot
.
. o th i fi p i of boot
an s are e re n ve a rs s
4 M ti h d i ght ppl i h i b k t ; h pi k d tw
ar n a e a es n s as e
m
e e
H w m y h d h th
. c o
o d lo t
r e an s on e o an a e en
m d fi w m t dow to di ; tw of
.
5 Fo u r en an ve o en sa n nne r o
th wo m oo l ft H w my p mi d
.
e en s o n e o an e rs ns re a ne
Ch i tm t
.
6 O n a i ght dl w l i ght d b t fo
r s as re e e ca n es ere e u u r
of th mw t t H w m y mi d l ight d
.
,
e en ou . o an re a ne e
7 A i o g i d g o d tw p i of i o
s c ss r s d r n er r u n o a rs s c ss rs
th bl d d k if H w m y bl d did h g i d
. an a
re e- a e n e o an a es e r n
t pi h w m y mbl wi ll t
.
8 At tw
. o ce n s a t e ce , o an ar es en ce n s
bu y
9I f y ou ho ld w lk th od o th d th t
s u d a re e r s n r a n en u rn an
k ght od o th h w f w o ld y b f omth pl
.
,
w al e i r s s u , o ar u ou e r e ace
wh y ere fi t t tou d rs s ar e
10 I f th boy w d g d i th h
re e h w s can ee a ar en n re e ou r s, o
m y ho will it t k b y t w d it
.
an u rs a e on e o o ee
11 I f b l f flo w ill l t f m
on e i ly th
ar r e m th h w o ur as a a re e on s, o
l g w i ll tw b l l t th m f m
.
on o ily ? H w l g w i l l
ar r e s as e sa e a o on
th b l l t th m
re e ar r e s as e
12 I f .q ti ty of off w ill v fi p
a u an tw d y s c ee se r e ve e r s on s o a
h w lo g w i ll i t
o n p se rv e on e e r son
13 T do pi of w k it t k tw boy th
a h
e ce o or a es o s re e ou r s .
H w m y ho
.
o w i ll i t t k
an boy to do i t
u rs a e on e
14 At th . t of th b h l f e doll h w m y
ra e re e u s e s or on e a r, o an
b h l f t ip will th doll b y
us e s o u rn s ree ar s u
M I S C ELLAN E O US .
7
15 I f m doll tw o ar s a da y an d h i s te a mm ca e
w my d l
. a an e ar n s
tw o doll ar s a da y , h o l an o ars do both e ar n in on e day

in tw d y
m
o a s
16 l of flo wo th i ght doll
T o p a y for a b a r re ur r e a r s, a an
m y h p h o ld t th doll
.
gv h as e c u a ree ar s e a c an d h t e
mh
a e as an s ee
ti
re s n m
o y H w m y h p did h gi v
ne dh o an s ee e e , an ow uc
m y
.
on e
17J ph h d t g i p ig d g v fo p i t h i
os e a en u n e a- s an a e ur a e ce o s
t H w m y di d h k p
.
tw f i o d k pi g th
r en s, ee n e re s . o an e ee
18 J h d Ch l o t t tog th to
n an o d lt ar e s s ar e er ru n ar u n a o
o d i t t t i m d Ch l
. .
Jh o n ru ns ar u n v H w en es an ar e s se en o
my m o t im do J h
.
an re d th Ch l
es es o n ru n a r ou n an ar e s
19 A boy old p p f th s t d th p p on e a er or re e c e n s, a n re e a e rs
h H w m h did h g t
.
for tw t o c e n s e ac o u c e e
2 0 J m fo d tw h
.
. a es t w i th tw gg i
un h o en s
’
ne s s o e s n eac ,
w hi h h cp t i to th i d
e t th
u t l ndy h d fi a gg i r ne s a a rea a ve e s n
it . H w m y gg w o th i th th i d t th
an e s e re e re n e r ne s en
21 W h o g old f fi doll
en ran b es h w ar e s or ve ars a ox , o
m y bo
.
an y b y w i th fo
x e s ca n 2 doll b i ll ou d tw 1 u u r - ar s an o
’
s
22 A il o d h i g ra th m
r il
a i ca r, d i ti o av n ru n re e es n on e rec n,
th ti m f i th opp i t di ti o H w f w
.
r an re e e s as ar n e os e rec n o ar as
f omi t t ti g pl
.
i t th en r s s ar n ace
2 3 Aft . lli g l k pi to fi p o
e r se n d tw
o n e c oc a e ce ve e r s n s, an o
l k pi to tw p o
c oc s a e ce p ddl h d lo k l ft
o e r s n s, a e er a on e c c e
H w my h d h
.
o t fi tan a e a rs
24 M Bl k d th d ll i
r s. a e w k d h
e arn e re e o ars n a ee an er
m h l ki g
,
.
h b d
u s an d tw i e ar ne doll H w
ce as u c ac n on e ar o
m h did both
, .
u c e ar n
25 O d y I fo d tw f i d
. ne a t m y ho dun i g o r en s a u se an se e n
th w b t fo ppl
e re e re th pl t
u I w t t th
u r all e s on e a e, en o e ce ar
an d b o ght p rmy mu o w o ld gi
u as m y f i d an d re as u ve r en s an
m y lf th
se pi H w m y d id I b i g p
re e a e ce . o an r n u
2 6 M i lo w t t th
. to w i th i ght t d b ght
en o e s re e ce n s an ou
tw y d of b i d t th
o ar s t y d d p t th
ra a t re e ce n s a ar a n s en e re s
f th m
,
o o y f pi t d t th t f fi f r t
H w my
e ne or c u re car s a e ra e o ve o a ce n .
o d did h b y
an c ar s e u
8 M EN T AL ARI T H M E T I C .
SE CTION IV .
A DD I T I ON AN D S U B T R A C T I ON .
N u m
b e rs f ro m one to twe nty .
8 1 I f y ou p d p t2 m
h av e o 9 ce n s t in y ou r u r se an u re
t w i th th mh w m y t wi ll th b i th p
. .
ce n s e , o an ce n s en e n e u r se
2 M g ti 9y arold H w old wi ll h b i 7 y
a re s e ar s o s e e n e ar s
3 A m bo ght
. .
d g f an 13 doll d old i t f
u 5 a o or ar s, a n s or
doll l th h p id F h w m h did h ll i t
.
ars e ss an e a or o u c e se
4 N h p t 7 pl
or a t th t
as bl H w m
u y m o a e s on e a e an
pl t m t h p t t gi v pl t to h of f m
. . o re
a es u s s e u i ly on o e a a e e ac a a
of 1 1 p o ers ns
5 A p il d o m bb e nc o t 13 t ; th an bb s e ru er c s ce n s e ru er
o t 9 t H w m h di d th p il o t
.
c s ce n s o u c e e nc c s
w lk d 7 m
.
6 H il
or a c e ft b kf t d 7 ft di
a e es a er rea as an a er nne r .
H w my m
.
o il di d h W l
an k i ll es e a n a
7 E ll bo ght 8 pl m f en t If h h d p t
u u s or a ce n s e a s en an
t h w m y pl mi ll o ld h h v b ght
. .
oth e r ce n , o an u s n a c u s e a e ou
8 E ll h 14 g p i tw
en l t as I l t th ra es n o c u s e rs n on e c u s er e re
H w my g p
. .
are 8 g p ra es . i th th l t
o an ra e s are n e o er c u s er
9 A p i of boot
. o t 11 d ll
a r d p i f h o t3
s c s o a r s, a n a a r o s oe s c s
doll Wh t i th d iff
ar s . i th ia ot s e e r e nce n e r c s
10 A h w l o t 14 doll s a d bo t 5 d ll l th
c s a r s, a n a nne o ars e ss an
h wl H w m y d ll di d th bo t o t
.
th e s a o an o ars e nne c s
11 A m bo ght
.
h i f 8 d ll
an d old i t f
u 15 a c a r or o a r s, a n s or
H w m h di d h g i
.
doll a rs . o uc e a n
12 A p t d hi t 17 doll
os an Th hi ot 8
a c a n c os a r s. e c a n c s
H w m h di d th p t o t
.
doll ars o u c e os c s
oml t h w
.
13 I f t of do gg 6
ou tk f a zen e s are a en or an e e , o
m y gg l ft
.
an e s ar e e
14 D i 15 y
. ld
or a d i 6 y
s ld th h e ars o an s e ar s o er an er
b th
ro H w old i h
er. b otho s er r er
A DD I T I ON AN D 8 U3 T RA C T ] ON . 9
15 A md 4 vi i t M o d y 4 T d y
phy s i c ia n a e s s on n a on u es a
t d y H w m y did h mk i ll?
.
, ,
and 9 th e nex a o an e a e n a
f om2 to 20 d b k ; f om1 to 19
.
1 6 Co t by 2 . un
’
s r an ac r
and b k ac
t by 3 f om3 18 d b k ; f om1 to 19 d
.
1 7 Co un
’
s r to an ac r an
b k ; f om
ac 2 t 20 d b kr o an ac
C t by 4 f om4 20 d b k ; f o m1 to 17 d
.
18
’
ou n s r to an ac r an
b k; f m f m3 to 19 d b k
.
ac 2 18 db k
ro to an ac ro an ac
by 5 f m5 to 20 d b k f o m1 to 16 d
.
1 9 Co u nt
’
s ro an ac r an
f om2 to 17 d b k d
.
b k
ac r an ac , a n s o on .
9 . Gi v e a t si ght a n sw e r s to th follow i g
e n
i ii i ii .
3 . 11 — 4 18 — 9 17 — 10
a
0 . 20 — 10 16 — 9 17 — 9 14 — 9 16 —
8
d .
e . 16 — 6 12 —
9 12 — 5 3+ f0
1 . 15 — 7 13 —
8
g . 11 — 5 16 — 7 15 — 6
11 . 18 — 8 15 — 8 11 —
9
j .
k . 13 — 4 19 — 9 13 — 6 17 — 8
L
— 10 11 — 3 11 —
6 11 —
7
11.
a. 12 —
10 12 — 4 18 — 10 13 — 10
p .
q . 13 — 7 12 — 3 14 — 7
1: 14 — 5
s. 15 — 9 14 —
6 13 — 9
t . 11 — 2
11. 17 — 7 12 — 6 14 — 8
7 . 15 — 5
10 M E N T A L A RI T H M E T I C .
SECTION V .
M U L T I PL I C A T I O N AN D D I VI S I O N .
N u m
bers
f ro m on e to twe n ty .
10 . p t th f llow i g t bl
Re ea e o n a e
L I Q U I D M EA S U RE .
4 gi lls 1 pi n t, pt .
2 pi n ts 1 qu a r t, qt .
4 q u a rts lon , g a l
1 ga l .
m y gill
1 . H ow an s a re th e re in
1 q t i 2q t
u ar n u ar s
2 H w m y pi t
. o an n s are th e re
in 6 q u ar stg llo i 2 g llo

in 1 a d 1 q
n t?n a ns an u ar
3 H w my q t th i 3 g ll d 1 q t
.
o an u ar s ar e e re n a on s a n u ar
h 16 p i t f m ilk h w m y q
.
4 If y ou ave n s t hv
o o an u ar s a e
m
,
.
y ou h w o y g ll an a on s
5 At 3 t pi t f m
ce n s a i lk w h t w i ll 2 q
n or t d 1 pi t a u ar s an n
f m
.
,
i lk t c os
b fill d f om
o
6 H w my
. o p h holdi g 1 gill
an cu s, e a c n ,c a n e e r a
co ff p
ee t holdoi g 3 p i t ? n n s
7 At 6 t q t f il h w m y q t
ce n s a u ar or I b y
o o an u a r s can u
H w my q
.
,
f
or 18 t ce n s t
o I b y fan 15 t d
u a r s can u or ce n s a n
h w my t w ill b l ft o an ce n s e e
8 H w my q t do o an u ar s es
5 g llo m
.
i lk hold a -
a n ca n
Re p t th f llow i g t bl
ea e o n a e
D R " M E A S U RE .
2 p i n ts 1 qu a r t, q t .
8 qu ar ts 1 pe c k, p k .
4 p e e ks l bu sh e l
, bu .
M UL T I PLI OA T I ON AN D DI VI S I ON .
11
9 F d h pi k d p i t of bl kb i
re as H w my c e a n ac e rr e s o an
m
. .
i t t h p i k i l l to h v p k c n a a e a ee
m
p n s us e
10 I f p k of pot ato w i ll
eel t f i ly 1 w k h w a es as a a ee o
m y w k w ill b h l l t th m H w lo g will 5
.
,
an ee s a u s e as e o n
b hl l t
u s e s as
11 H w m y d y th i 2 w k
go to h ool 5 d y i w k h w m y d y
. o an a s are ere n ee s
12 I f y ou sc a s n a ee o an a s
m
.
,
do y go i ou o th 4 w k n a n or ee s
t ki g m y 5
,
1 3 Af t er t of 18
a p i bl h w
n as an
’
s ou as oss e, o
m y 1 willb l ft
.
’
an s e e
14 L th bo ght pi t of p t v y w k d y f
u er u a n e an u s e er ee - a or a
fo t i ght H w m y q t did h b y H w m y m
.
r n o o an u ar s e u o an re
p i t ho ld h b y to mk p k i ll
.
n s s u e u a e a ee n a
15 M y p lo i 12 f t w i d
. ar H w my b dth of
r s ee e . o an rea s ca r
p ti g h y d wi d wi ll i t t k t ov i t
e n e ac a ar e, a e o c er
1 6 At 1 dol
. l y d wh t will b th o t of pi of ar a ar , a e e c s a e ce
ca r p ti g 18 f t lo g
e n ee n
17 I f oomi 15 f t lo g d 12 f t wid wh t i t
a r s ee n an ee e, a ar e s
di m io i y d
.
e ns ns n ar s
Giv e a t si ght an s w e r s to th e followi g n
18 S ix 2 ’
? tw o 6 ’
? n in e 2 ? 6 x 2 ? 8 X 2 ?
’
. s s s
4 X 3?
19 . Fi 3 ? v ve
’
s se en 2
’
s ? si x 3s ? 2 x 9 ? 2 X 6 ? 9 x 2 ?
’
20 . Fo 4 ? fo u r
’
s u r 3 s ? fiv e 4
’ ’
s ? 5X 3? 7 x 2 ? 4 x 5 ?
21 Th 6 ? tw 9 ? tw o 7 ? 2 x 10 6 x 3? 5 X 4
’
. re e
’
s o s
’
s ? ?
22 Ei ght 2 ? th 5 s ? te n 2
’
? 4x 4 3 x 5? lox 2 ?
’ ’
. s re e s ?
23 . T wo 10 s ? tw o 8
’ ’
s ? f
ou r 5s ? 3 x 6 ? 2 x 8 ? 2 x 7 ?
’
In e ac h of th follow i g e n nu m
b e r s,
11, 14, 13, 12, 15, 1s, 1 7 , 2 0, 16, 19,
24 H ow my 2 an
’
s 28 H ow my 6 an
’
s
w my 3 w my 7
. .
25 H o an
’
29 H
’
my 8
s o an s
w my 4
. .
26 H 30
’
o an s H ow an
’
s
w my 5 my 9
. .
27 H 31 H
’ ’
. o an s . ow an s
SECTION VI .
M I SC E L L A N E O U S .
12 h d p i k d p 13 ppl
. 1 . Ri c d ar t 1 c e u a es un er on e re e ,
u nd oth 3 d
e r an oth d 2 e r,d oth H w
u n e r an e r, an u n er an er o
m y ppl did h p i k p
.
an a es e c u
2 A w boy ld 14 p p
ne th s t t 2 i offi
so a e r s on e s re e n an ce ,
H w my p p
.
,
an d4 i ho n a di d h ll ?
r se ca r o an a e rs e se
t 12 pl m H w my
.
3 Ed g d th
ar a eh d 7 l ft u s, a n en a e o an
pl mh d h t fi t
. .
u s a e a rs
4 Do h d 18 filb t ra Sh t 4 th w w y 2
a d g v er s e a e re a a a n a e
t to M y H w m y did h gi t M y
, ,
. .
th e re s ar . o an s e ve o ar
5 G vill h d 1 6 t H p i d 7 t f b k d
ra n e a ce n s e a ce n s or a oo an
omp p H w my
. .
7 f or s e t h d h l ft
a er . o an ce n s a e e
6 Th 1 7 gobl t e re d 12 pare th h lf H w e s an cu s on e s e o
my m
. .
an o gobl t th p re th e s an cu s ar e e re
7 Ell h 13 p i k 2 o en d t wi as my p i n s, r se s, a n ce a s an a n s e s as
H w my fl w
.
ro se s h h
o an o ers as s e
h lf d 3 t im m y
.
8 Th 4 bo k e re ar e o s on on e s e an es as an on
th h lf H w m y b ok
.
an o er s e both h lv o an o s are on s e es
lm
.
9 Fo p old f th f llo w i g p i
ur a 6 d ll
s 5
s or e o n r ce s : o a r s,
H w m
.
d ll 4 doll
o a r s, d 3 doll ny doll
a r s, a nw ar s . o a ar s e re re
c e iv e d for all?
10 A fis h er m f d 8 lob t
an ou n s ers in on e ca g e , and 6 in an
y 5 h w m y h d h l ft
.
oth er A ft th er r ow i n g a wa o an a e e
11 A m w h h d 1 7 d ll
.
,
p t 3 f h t d 5f
an o a o a r s, s en or a a , an or
v t H w m y doll h d h l ft
.
a es . o an ar s a e e
12 J i 12 y old O i 2 y
an e old th J s e ar s sca r s e ar s er an an e ,
d S ml i 3y H w old i S m l ?
.
,
an ld th O
a u e s ears o er an sc a r o s a u e
13 A d i mi 10 t H w m y t h I i 1 dim
.
. e s ce n s . o an ce n s av e n e,
a 5 t pi
-
ce n d 3 t e ce , a n ce n s
M I S C E LLAN E O US . 13
14 h 5
I t p i 2 t d d im H w my
ave a -c e n e ce , ce n s an a e o an
mo t m t I g t to h 20 t
.
.
re ce n s u s e ave ce n s
15 M y d S h tog th g 18 t f
. ar an bo k ara e er a ve cen s or a o .
M y g v tw 5 t pi
ar a e d 1 t d S h g v th
o -
ce n e ce s an ce n , an ara a e e
t H w m y t di d S h g i ce n s ara ve
mk po d H w m y tw
re s . o an
16 S i t . x e e n ou n c e s a e a u n . o an -
o o u n ce
pack g w iall w i
esgh po d e a u n
17 N i t dy h w my w k
ne een d d y a s are o an ee s an a s
h w my m
.
18 N i t i h ne eeno th 12 i hnc e s are o an re an nc es
h w my p
.
19 N i t . o ne een d do u nce s a r e o an ou n s an u n ce s
20 A th 5t ca h f h fo f t d 4 to
as o e s on e a c o er re e e , an e s on
h hi d fo t H w m y t h h i ll
.
e ac an oe s as s e n a
h foot H w m y m
n o . o
2 1 A dog h . 5 to as o t e s on e ac . o an re oe s
h as a dog th t an a ca
2 2 A boy old 4 ppl f 9 t d 8 ppl f 8 t

s a es or c e n s, a n a es or ce n s
H w m y ppl ll ? H w m y t di d b
. .
o di d h
an a es e se o an ce n s e re
c e iv e
23 Ch l ar e s h ad 8 ce n s t he e ar n e d4 ce n s t m
o y t dy re e s er a
my
,
.
and tw i ce as an ce n s t to-d a y I f h e h as 8 ce n st b id es es
d h w m y t h h i ll
.
tho se he e ar ne o an ce n s as e n a
24 T w b i d fly f o mth mpl i th m di
,
o r s r e sa e ac e n e sa e re c
18 m th 11 m
.
tio n , on e il d th il H w f
es p t
an e o er es . o ar a ar
a re th y e
2 5 T w boy t t d t th
o m pl s d w lk d i
s ar e a e sa e a ce an a e n
t f4 m
.
oppo i t di ti s e t th re c il ho
on s , o n e d a e ra e o es an u r, a n
th th t th t f 3 m
e o er il
a h e H w f
ra p t e o es an ou r . o ar a ar
w e re th y t th d of 2 ho
e a e en u rs
2 6 W h t i th
. t f y d f m l i t 12 t
a s e co s o a ar o u s n a ce n s a
y d d 2 ll f t p t 4 t
ar ,
a n ro ll s o a e a ce n s a ro
27 T h 7 d t ip d 6 wh it
e r e are t ip re U it d s r e s an e s r e s on a n e
St t a fl g I f tw of th w h i t t i p
es a d 3 of th od t ip e e s r e s an e re s r es
w y h w m y t ip mi
.
b to
e rn a a o an s r e s re a n
m y i th
,
2 8 El i gh t 3 fi h i th b k tw i
cau s es n e r oo ce as an n e
gh m i th po d to mk 15 i ll H w
.
,
i
r v e r and e n ou or e n e n a e n a
m y did h t h i th po d
, . o
an e ca c n e n
SE CTION VI I .
FI N D IN G PAR T S O F N U M B ER S .
N mb
u ers f ro m one to te n .
13 1 A m gi 2 b y 4 p
an ve s o s e a rs to sh l
ar e e qu a l y H ow
my p
. . .
e ars do h boy h
e s eac [ S av e ee pg a e
m
an
Wh e n a nu b i divi d d i t
er s e n o two e q lp
ua ar ts, o n e of the
p a r ts is ca ll d
e of h m
on e b h a lf t e nu er .
2 . W ha t i s on e h lf of 4 p
a e ars
3 . Wh a t is on e h lf of 6 p
a e a rs
4 . W ha t is on e h lf f 8 p
a o e ar s
5 . Wh a t i s on e h lf of 10 p
a e ars
6 Wh a t i s on e h lf of 6 ppl
a a es of 4 p e n ci s l of 8 book s?
m bl
.
of 10 ar es
7 . If 1 ppl
di vi d d q lly b tw 2 boy w h t p t
a e be e e u a e een s, a ar
of th e a ppl do
1 b y h v eA O h ]" of th
es pplo a e ns . ne a e a e .
8 Wh ythi g i di i d d i to tw q l p t
. e n an n s v e n o e u a a r s,
wh t i f th p t a ll d s on e o e a r s ca e
9 Wh t i h lf of 3 A
. aO h lf f s on e a ns . ne a o
th i d h lf re e s on e an on e a .
10 I f y di vi d 3 y d f ib . ou e ar s o r
b q lly b t w R th d on e ua e een u an
G h w mh r ac e , o uc
wi ll h hv e ac a e
11 W h t i . a s on e
h lf of 5 a
12 W h t i. h lf of 7 a s on e a
13 W h t i. h lf of 9 a s on e a
14 I f 3 boy h
. 6 ppl q lly wh t p t of th ppl
s s ar e a es e u a ,
a ar e a es
do 1 boy h v
es A O th i d of th
a e ppl ns . ne r e a es .
15 W h t i. thi d of 6 ppl
a s on e r a es
16 W h t . tw th i d f 6 ppl
a ar e
[ S p go r s o a es ee a e
FI N DI N G PAR T S OF N UM B E RS .
15
17 W h a t is on e th ir d of 9 a ppl e s
18 W h a t a r e tw o th i r d s of 9 a ppl e s
.
19 W h a t i s on e th i r d of 6 da te s
. of 3 figs of 9 d y a s
2 0 W h a t a r e tw o th i r ds of 6 da te s of 3 fig s
. of 9 d y a s
2 1 I f 3 boy
. h ppl q lly wh t p t s s ar e on e a e e ua , a ar
o f th ppl do
e a h boy h v e A O th i d
e s e ac a e ns . ne r
o f th ppl
e a e .
22 Wh . ythi g i divi d d i to th
e n an q l p t wh t n s e n re e e ua ar s, a
i
s on e of th p t ll d e ar s ca e
23 W h t i
. th i d of 4
a s on e r
A ns O
. thi d of fo ine d r ur s on e a n
on e th i d r .
24 W h t i
. th i d f y d
a s on e r o a ar
of v lv t w o th t 1 d ll
e e y d r a o ar a ar
a t 4 doll y d ar s a ar
25 Wh t i th i d of 6 f 7
a s on e r o
of m h w m h w ill fil
.
2 6 I f 7 g ll
. i lk fill3 a on s l1 ca n s , o u c can
2 7 Wh t i
. th i d f 9 f 10
a s on e r o o
28 A f th i d t h i th a l ittl boy I w ill d i i d

er
“ sa o s re e e s, v e
th tw o g q lly m o g y if y w ill t l lmh w

.
e se o r an es e u a a n ou ou e e o
to d i t T h ld t b y id C t
o .
” “
e g i t th
e es o sa , u on e or a n e n o re e
e q l p t d gi
u a ar s, a nh p t th t th th i to
ve u s e ac a ar , e n cu e o er n
th q l p t d gi h p t W h t p t of ”
re e e u a ar s an ve u s e ac a ar . a ar an
o g w o ld h boy th h
ra n e u A T w
e ac th i d of en av e ns . o r s
an o g r an e .
29 Wh t i thi d f 2 A O . a s on e r o ns . ne
th i d of tw i tw thi d r o s o r s
lb y 2 m
.
30 I f 1 d ll w il lo w h t o ar u e n s, a
p t f ml w ill
.
thi d of ar o a e on on e r a
doll b y ar u
31 W h t i th i d of 5 A . a s on e r ns .
O thi d f fi i d tw th i d ne r o ve s on e a n o r s .
32 I f b l f b i i w th 5 . a ar r e o cran e rr e s s or
d ll w h t i thi d of b l w th o a r s, a s on e r a arre or
33 W h t i . thi d f 6 of 8a s on e r o
34 . A m an ea rne d 8 d ll
o a rs in 3 da y s . H ow m h did h
u c e
e ar n i n 1 da y
Fo g i
35 . u r rl
s di i vd 4y e a r ds of r i b on e u a l
q l a b y m g th m
on e .
W h t p t of
a ar th e i bb
r d on oe s e ac h g ir l h ave AM . On e
f o u r th of th e ri bb on .
36 . Wh a t is on e fo th f 4 y d
ur o ar s
37 . Wh a t ar e tw f o th of 4 y d
ou r s ar s W h a t ar e 3 f ou r th s
of 4 y d ar s
38 . W ha t is on e f ou r th of 8 y a r ds 2 fo th of 8 y d
u r s ar s
3 fo th
u r s of 8 y d ar s
gi l h 39 g d. q lly
If 4 w h t p t r s s are a ar en e ua , a ar
f th g d o d h g i l he v A O
ar en oe s e ac r a e ns . ne
f th f th g dou r o e ar en.
40 W h . ythi g i di i d d i t 4 q l p t w h t i 1
e n an n s v e n o e ua a r s, a s
of th p t ll de a r s ca e
41 Wh t i fo th . a s on e u r
f 5 A O fo th f o ns . ne u r o
5i 1 d 1 fo th s an u r
4 ti m i goi g 5 od ; i
.
42 A w h l t ee u rn s es n n r s n
t i g o h w m y d w ill it go
.
u rn n nc e o an ro s
43 W h t i fo th of 8 f 9 a s on e u r o
44 I f 2 m
.
lo w to b h d q lly e ns e re e s ar e e ua
by 4 m wh t p t of th mlo w o ld h
.
e n, a ar e e n u e ac
m g t A T w f th of mlo
an e ns . o ou r s a e n .
45 W h t i
. fo th of 2 A O f th f 2 i 2
a s on e u r ns . ne ou r o s
fo th
ur s .
46 W h t i fo th . a s on e u r
of 6 A O fo th ns . ne ur
of 6 i 1 d 2 fo th s an u r s .
4 7 I f th 6 ho i ho l d y . e re are u rs n a sc o a
d Ell i t h ol fo th f th an a s a sc o on e ur o e
ti m h w m y ho i h t ho l ? e, o an u rs s s e a sc o
48 W h t i
. f th f 8 f 10
a s on e ou r o o
49 I f 3 o
. g w to b h d q lly by 4 boy wh t
r an es e re e s ar e e u a s, a
FI N D I N G PA R T S OF N UM B E RS . 17
p t ar of an o g
ra n e w o ld h boy
u e ac
g et Ans . Th re e fo th of u r s an
o g r an e .
50 T h . fo th of 3 q l wh t p t of 1 A O
e n on e u r e ua s a ar ns . ne
f th f 3 q l 3 f th f 1
ou r o e ua s ou r s o .
51 W h t i. fo th of 7 ? A O fo th of 7 i
a s on e u r ns . ne ur s
1 and 3 f th ou r s .
52 A i h d 7 y d of
. nn e a ar s
l
a ce Sh t k fo the oo on e u r
f it t t im
.
o o po H w r an a r n o
m y y d did h t k
.
an ar s s e a e
53 J h h d to w k 9
. o n a or
ho f M Fi ld W h h h w o k d
u rs or r fo th of th
e en e as r e on e u r e
ti m h w m y ho h h w o k d
. .
e, o an u rs as e r e
54 I f 4 d ll
. w i ll b y 6 b h l of p o h w mya rs u u s e s e a s, o an
b h l w i ll 1 d ll b y
u s e s o ar u
55 O pi p w i ll m pty
ne t i 3 ho ei w h t t im e a c rs e r n n u rs n a e
m
.
w i ll 4 p i p pty i t es e
56 If 5 hild h 10 t to h
c re n ave ce n s s are e q lly w h t p t
u a a ar
m
.
,
of th e o y w ill h h ild h v
ne A e ac c a e ns One fi f th of th e
mo y
.
ne .
57 W h a t i s on e fifth of 10 c e n t s
.
58 W h a t a r e tw o fifth s of 10 c e n t s ? 3 fifth s
. of 10 ? 4
fif th of s 10
59 A ml e on wa s di i d d v e t 5 q lp t
in o e u a a r s, a n d
W h t p t of th ml
.
on e p t w gi ar as ven t J h
o o n a ar e e on
fi f th of th m
.
di d J h h o n av e An s . On e lo e e n .
60 . W ha t is on e
fifth of 6 An s .
On e fif th of 6 i s
1 a n d 1 fif th
61 T h e re ar e 6 w or i nk gdy a s in a w k eeH w
my
. . o
an w or ki g n da y s th are e re in 1 fifth f o a
we e k
2
18 M E N T AL A RI T H M E T I 0 .
62 . W ha t is on e fifth of 2
Ans . On e fi fth of 2 is 2 fi fth s .
63 . W ha t is one
fifth of 7 Ans .
On e fi fth of 7 is 1
and 2 fifth s .
64 M y m oth’
q t of m
h ad 7 i lk u ar s
w mh m
. ar s er ,
an d u s e d 1 fifth of i t f or cu s a r t d H s . o i lk di d h
uc s e
p tu i t h n t d e cu s a r s
65 W h t i . fifth of 5 of 8
a s on e fif th of 9 on e
66 I f y . ho ld t ou ppl i t 6 q l p t d
s u cu an a e n o e ua ar s an
eat of th p t wh t p t of th ppl wo ld y
on e e a r s, t a ar e a e u ou ea
A ns O e S i th of th
. n ppl x e a e .
67 S ppo . th u ppl t i to 7 q l p t w h t w o ld
se e a e cu n e ua ar s, a u
y ou ll of
ca th p t
on e e ar s
68 S ppo . it t i to 8 q l p t
u se d I t ok
cu wh t
n e ua ar s an o on e , a
p t of th ppl ho ld I t k
ar e a e s u a e
69 W h t d y . th i k
a of th 9 q l p t of
o ou ppl n on e e e ua ar s an a e
w o ld bu ll d e ca e
70 A m g . tw doll an f 5 fow l
av e W h t p t of o ar s or s . a ar a
doll di d h gi f
ar e ve or on e
7 1 A i h d 3 y d of i bbo
nn e ad p t fif th of i t i t
ar s r n, a n u on e n o
H w m h i bbo di d h p t i to th b w
.
a b w o o u c r n s e u n e o
m oth t y d f omho m 10 ho
.
7 2 Ev d E
’
a s er s a e r e u r s, a n va
v th of th t ti m H w lo g di d E
.
sew d 1 e se en w a e o n va se
h d 8 m
.
7 3 Ch l . il
ar e s to go I f ft w lki g 1 i th
a es .
,
a er a n s x
of th di t e h od th
s an c e , t of th w y h w f di d h
e r e e re s e a , o ar e
wd k ?
74 John h ad 6 a ppl es ; h e gv a e 1 h ir t d of th mto F y e ann
th of th mto G w m y ppl
.
and 2 si x H s e r ac e o di d h
an a es e
gi to F y H w m y did h
.
ve ann o an e gi to G 2
ve r ace
‘
7 5 I th y d i ffs b t w e re an e r e n ce e een 1 th i d of m b r a nu er
m m
.
and 2 i th f th b
s x s o e sa e nu er
FI N DI N G PA RT S OF N UM B E RS . 19
76 y d of loth i w o th 8 doll h w mh i 1
. If a ar c s r a r s, o uc s
fo th of y d w o th ? 2 fo th of y d ? 3 fo th of
u r a ar r ur s a ar ur s a
y d ar
7 7 W h t i 1 h lf of 8 t 2 fo th of 8 t
a s a ce n s u r s ce n s
m
.
7 8 I th d i fi b t w 1 h f
l of b
e r e an d e r e nc e e een a a nu
m m
y
. s e r an
2 fo th of th
ur sb ? e sa e nu er
14 doll will b y
79 If 2 mf p p wh t p t ars u a re a o a e r, a ar
mwill 1 doll b y
. .
of a re a ar u
80 O d ll i w h t p t f tw d ll
ne ar
[sS p g o o o ar s ee a e
g ll of m
. o a ar
8 1 I f 3 go t y i ld
. ilk i
a s d y w h t p t of
e a a on n a a , a ar
a g llo do 1 go t yi ld
a n es a e
82 T h . f t mk y d W h t p t of y d i 1
re e ee a e a ar . a ar a ar s
foot 2 f t ee
83 W h t p t f 3 i 1 ? W h t p t of 3 i 2 ?
a ar o s a ar s
m
.
84 Fo do pi
ur f wo k i
en ho
ca n Wh t a e ce o r n an u r. a
m d i th m tim w h t
.
p t of th w k
ar e or ca n on e an o n e sa e e a
p t ar tw m do
ca n o en
85 W h t p t f 4 i I
. W h t p t of 4 i 2
a ar o s a ar s
86 I f 5 . t w ill b y po d of il w h t p t of
ce n s u a u n na s, a ar a
p d will 1 t b y wh t p t wi ll 2 t b y
ou n ce n u a ar ce n s u
87 W h t p t of 5 i 1 a W h t p t of 5 i 2
ar s a ar s
88 F i v m
.
. il i th d i t
e to t i t w Wh t
es s e s a n ce a ce r a n o n. a
p t f th d i t
ar o h e p o go w h h h w lk d
s a n ce as a e rs n ne en e as a e
3m il Wh t p t h h t g
es a ar as e o o
89 W h t p t of 5 i 3
. W h t p t of 5 i 2
a ar s a ar s
9 0 A t k w h i h i 6 f t lo g h
. s a e 3f t i c th g o ds ee n as ee n e r un .
Wh t p t of th t k i i th g o d
a ar e s a e s n e r un
91 T h . i w h t p t of 6
re e s a ar
92 I lot f 6 fi h 2 t o t d th
. n a o tb s Wh t
e s, ar e r u an e re s a s s. a
p t of th fi h
ar t t Wh t p t b
e s e s ar e r ou a ar are a ss
9 3 W h t p t of 6 i 2 Wh t p t f 6 i 4
94 A m t t to t
a ar s a ar o s
l 8m
.
il
an s ar s W h h h t v ll d rave es en e as ra e e
2 m
. .
il wh t p t of th d i t h to t v l
'
e s, a h ar e s anc e as e ra e
95 Wh t p t f 8 i 6
. a ar o s
SE C TION VI I I .
FI N D I N G N U M B ER S WH EN PAR T S OR M U L T I PL E S
A R E G I VE N .
mb f m N u ers ro on e to te n .
1 5 1 H w mh m o y h v y i f 2 t i h lf of
o u c ne a e ou ce n s
lth m
s a
f f wh t m
. .
a l o yy h v e Tw i 1 h l
ne ou a be o s a o a nu er
[ S ee p g a e
2 Ph i lo did 1 h lf of h i wo k i 4 h H w lo g
a s r n ou rs o
h i mt d th w h l w o k
. . n
w o ld i t t k
u a e 4 i 1 h lf o f o e o e r s a
m
o
wh t a b ? nu er
3 Th .
g of W i ll i m
e ai 3 y e I f th i i 1 h lf of ath s e ars . s s a e
a g eof R o w h t i th g of R
s s,o ? 3 i
a 1 h lf
s of w h te a e ss s a a
nu m b er
4 H w mh m y h o y i f 2
u c t i 1 th
on ei d f ll av e ou ce n s s r o a
th m y y m
.
e h on e 2 i 1 th i d f w h t
ou a ve b s r o a nu er
5 I f 1 th i d f t f o l t 3 d ll w h t i th
r o a on o c a c os s o a r s, a s e
m
.
cot f1t
s 3 i 1 th i d f w h t
o on b s r o a nu er
6 Joh n h ad 4 do v e s, w ic h h i s tw o i t m my e s as an as O sc a r
my h d O 2 ti m w h t m
.
h ad . H ow an a sc a r 4 is es a nu b er ?
[ S e pg a
ym
e e
7 i d 6 w d i h i p ll i g l o wh i h w
H arr s se or s n s s e n e ss n, c as
tw i th m b Ell m H w m y w d di d Ell
.
ce i d e nu er en ss e o an or s en
mi 6 i 2 t im w h t mb
.
ss s es a nu er
8 E i ght i 2 t i m wh t
. m b 10 i 2 t i m w h t
s es a nu er s es a
9 Abb i e h w k d h k i tti g 9 h w hi h i 3
as or e on er n n ou r s , c s
tim lo g S h h w k d H w m y h u h
.
es as n as ara as or e o an o rs as
h w k d 9 i 3 tim w h t m
.
S ara or b e s es a nu er
10 S i i 3 t i m w h t m b x 3 i 3 tim w h t
s es a nu er s es a
ld ki t f 10 t w h i h i 5 ti m th o t
.
11 Joh n so a e or c e n s, c s es e c s
f th m t f th mt i l ?
.
o t i l W h t w th
e a er a s . a as e c os o e a er a s
'
N UM B E RS FROM PA R T S .
21
pot to p t h yi ld d 8 b h l f pot to
12 A a I f th i a c e e u s e s o a
i 4 t i m th
es
q ti ty pl t d h w m y b h l w
. . s
s es e u an an e , o an u s e s e re
pl t d an e
13 Ei ght i 4 t i m wh t
. m b 8 ti m wh t s es a nu er es a
14 thi d f y d f ibbo o t 4 t h w m y
. If 2 r s o a ar o r n c s s c e n s, o an
t d 1 th i d f y d t I f 1 th i d of y d o t
ce n s oe s r o a ar c os r
t h w m h w ill 3 thi d
a ar c s s
2 c e n s, o y d ot
u c r s, or a ar
,
c s
15 I f 2 th i d
. f y d f pl h o t 6 d ll wh t wi ll
r s o a ar o u s c s s o a r s, a
1 th i d of ry d t Wh t w ill y d t
a ar c os a a ar c os
16 I f 6 i 2 th i d of o m m s b w h t i 1 th i d of th
r s s e nu e r, a
m
s r e
m
.
nu b Wh t i th w hol
er b ? [S p g
a s e e nu er ee a e
17 H i g i dd 4 m
av n il M Fo d fi d h h go 2
r en e s, r r n s e as ne
y H w my m
.
fifth of h i jo s s il
u rne i 1 fifth f h i jo o an es n o s u r
m m
.
ne y H w y i lo i 5 fifth ant h w hol jo y es n s, or e e u r ne
18 I f 4 i 2 fifth of om m s b w h t i 1 fifth of th s s e nu e r, a s e
m m
.
nu b Wh t i th w hol
er b a s e e nu er
19 W h 3 pi t ar re n w h i h i 3 fo asth th m b c u r e s, c s u r s e nu er
m
.
E vah ; w h t i 1
as f th f t
ah b Es h W h t
ou r o e nu er va as a
i 4 fo th th w h l mb h h
th f m m
s u r s , or e o e nu er s e as
20 I f 3 i 3 f s b w h t i 1 f th of
ou r s o so e nu e r, a s ou r
m m
.
th b
e nu W h t i th w hol
er b a s e e nu er
21 W h . 6 t i p i d f 3 fo th f q t f m
en ce n s i lk s a or u r s o a u ar o ,
w h t i th a o t of 1 fo th of q t W h t i th
s e c s t of ur a u ar a s e c os
one q t u ar
22 I f 6 i 3 f th of m m s b w h t i 1 fo th of
ou r s so e nu e r, a s u r
m m
.
th b
e nu W h t i th w h l
er b a s e o e nu er
2 3 Al i h ol k p 8 m th i th y
’
c e s sc o I f th i i ee s on s n e e ar . s s
f th of th ti m W lt
.
4 fi h l k p w h t i 1 fifth f
’
s e e a e r s sc oo ee s, a s o
tim W lt k p W h t i th w h l t i m
.
’
th e e a er s ee s a s e o e e
24 I f 8 i 4 fifth f m mb w h t i 1 fifth f th
s s o so e nu e r, a s o e
m m
.
nu b W h t i th w h l
er b a s e o e nu er
2 5 S i d ll q l 3 fifth f g ld gl ; h w m y
x o ar s e u a s s o a o ea e o an
H w m y doll
.
doll q l 1 fifth of
ar s e u a gl q l an ea e o an ar s e u a
a w hol g l 6 i 3
e ea fifth of
e w h t m b s s a nu er
22 M EN T AL A RI T H M E T I C .
SECTION IX .
M I S C E L LA N EO U S .
16 1 hv 9 p
I f y ou a e e ars a nd gi 1 thi d of th mto
ve r e
m y will y giv F y H w m y wi ll
. .
F a nn y h w
, o an ou e to a nn o an
y h v l ft
a e e 9
t d g v 2 fifth of th mto S h
ou
2 Ada h a d 10 nu s an a e s e ara
m y di d
. .
H ow an sh e gi v to S h e ar a
3 H yh 9 arr as r o b h
se - u sH w my w hest o an ro s can e se
h w d h w m y o b h will
. .
ou t if h p t 2 i e u s n e ac ro , a n o an r se - u s es
h h e l ftav e e
4 If H yh 9 o b h d p t 4 i
a rr h w h w
as r se - u s e s an u s n e ac ro o
m y ow will h h v d w h t w ill h h v l ft ? H w
.
,
an r s e a e , an a e a e e o
m y o w will h h v if h p t 3 i h w
an r s e a e e u s n e ac ro
5 I h 3 o w of t mt pl t 3 i
ave h w d1 r s o a o a n s, n e ac ro an
H w m y pl t h
,
.
pl t b i d
an es I i
es l
. l o an an s av e n a
6 D i vi d 7 p b tw y l f d F y th t h
e ens e een o u r se an an n so a s e
m th y H w m y w ill h h
.
w i ll h v 1 p a e en or e an ou o an e ac ave
m
.
7 D i vi d 10 ppl f y e q lly o g 3 a es as ar as ou ca n e u a a n
boy d giv th mi d to M y H w m y w ill y

.
s an e e re a n er ar . o an ou
gi v t M y e o ar
8 H w my m
. o l tt
o th i 2 w o d of 5 l tt
an re e e r s ar e e re n r s e er
e ac h th i 1 w d of 6 l tt
, an n or e e rs
9 G o g p t 2 t w h i h w 1 thi d of ll h h d
e r e s en ce n s, c as r a e a
H w my
. .
o t h dh
an ce n s a e
10 M y fo d 2 t w h i h w 1 f th m y
ar u n c e n s, c as ou r as an as
H w my
.
sh h d tfi t
e a a t h d h t fi t? H w
rs o an ce n s a s e a rs o
m y i ll?
.
an n a
11 Wh i h i g
. t d h w m h 1 h lf of 6 ppl
c s r e a e r, an o u c ,
a a e s or
1 th i d of 6 ppl
r a es
12 W h i h i g
. t d h w m h 1 fo th of 8 ppl
c s r e a e r an
, o uc , ur a es
or 1 th i d f 9 ppl r o a es
M I S C E LLAN E OUS . 23
13 m b i 1 g t th 2 t im 3
W ha t nu er s rea e r an es
m b i 1 l th 2 tim 3
.
14 W ha t nu er s e ss an es
15 H w m y m k t 4 t pi
.
o an y
cr e a b y ca es a ce n s a e ce c an ou u
t d h w m y t w ill y h v l ft
.
f 10 c e n s, a n o an ce n s ou a e e
1 h lf f th m
or
16 I f y h 8o g ou d gi ave to G r an e s an ve a o e rac e ,
1 fo th to S m l 1 i ghth to H
.
ur a i d k p th
u e , th w
e a r r s, a n ee e re s , o
m y ill y k p
an w ou ee
17 H l f of 8 d 1 h lf of 10 h w m y
a an a are o an
1 8 Am m
.
y h d 6 t w h i h w 3afo th h
c e n s, A th c as ur s as u c as r ur
d both p t th i m o y f mb ll t 1 t pi
.
h d
a an s en e r ne or c o - a s a ce n a e ce
H w my o b ll did Am m
.
,
o an y b
c rn- a
y H w y d i dsA th u o an r u r
bu y ?
17 . Gi v t i ght w to th follow i g
e a s an s e rs e n
19 1 th i d of 6 r of 3 of 9 35 2 i 1 th i d of w h t ? s r a
36 9 i 3 t i m w h t
. .
20 2 i 1 f s th of w h t
ou r a s es a
4 i 2 tim w h t 37 10 i 5 t i m w h t
. .
21 s es a s es a
8 i 4 ti m w h t
. .
22 . s 38 4 fifth
es f5a of 10 9 . s o
23 . 2 f th f 8 of 4
ou r s o 39 4 i h lf f w h t . s a o a
24 . 3 fifth of 5 sf 10 40 3 i 1 th i d f wh t
o . s r o a
25 . 2 i 1 h lf of w h t
s a 4 1 6 i 3 fo th f w h t
a . s u r s o a
26 2 i 1 fifth f w h t
s 42 2 i 2 fifth of w h t
o a s s a
10 i 2 t i m w h t
. .
27 s 43 4 i 2 fifth
es f wh t
a . s s o a
28 2 th i d f 6 r f 3 of 9 ? 44 4 i 4 fifth of w h t
s o o s s a
6 i 3 tim wh t
. .
29 . s 45 8 i 4 fifth
es a f wh t . s s o a
30 3 i h lf f w h t
s a o4 6 6 i 2 th i d of w h t ?
a s r s a
8 i 4 ti m w h t
. .
31 . s 47 2 i 2 f
es th of w h t
a . s ou r s a
32 3 fo th f 4
u r of 8 s o 48 2 i 2 th i d f wh t s r s o a
6 i 2 ti m w h t
. .
33 . s 4 9 4 i 2 th i d
es a f wh t . s r s o a
34 . 2 fifth of 5 of 10 s 50 5 i 5 i th of w h t . s s x s a
18 p pil my mk
T he m
pl w h i h q i
u s a a e exa es c re u re
m
.
Fi di g p t of
n n b fi d i g th w h l w h
ar a nu er n n e o e en 1 t ir h d
is g i v ; fi d i g
en th w hol w h 2nfifth g
n i v e e en s are e n.
24 M EN T AL ARI T H M E T I C '
.
SECTION X .
M U L T I PL I C A T I O N AN D D I VI S I O N ; FI N D I N G PA R T S
OF WH O L ES AN D W H O L E S FR O M PA R T S .
m b f m y N u e rs ro on e to tw e n t .
19 1 I f 2 p i . f bo t
. t 12 d ll h w m h w ill a rs o o s c os o a r s, o u c
1 p i o t W h t w ill 3 p i o t [ S p g 16 9 ]
a r c s a a rs c s ee a e
2 A . g 15 m bl i 3 q l w H w m y
r ra n e ar es n e u a ro s . o an are
th i 1 w i 2 w
e re n ro n ro s
3 If y d of pl h t 16 d ll w h t w i ll 1 f th f
. a ar u s cos o a r s, a ou r o
a y d o t w h t w i ll 3 fo th f y d t
ar c s a u r s o a ar c os
4 M M d h d 20 h p d old 1 fifth f th mt M
r ea a s ee an s o e o r
O k H w m y did h ll t M O k H ld 3 fifth
. . .
a s o an e se o r a s e so s
H w m y did h ll to M D y H w m y
. .
t M
o D y r . a . o an e se r . a o an
di d h k p e ee
5 A m w lk d 12 m
. il i 4 h
an H w my m
a il e es n ou r s . o an es
di d h w lk i 1 ho e i 3 ho
a n u r n u rs
6 J m h d 18 a t d p i d 1 th i d of h i m
es a o yf ce n s a n a r s ne or
k t H w m h di d h p y t H w m h
.
r p i i g hi
e a r n s s a es . o u c e a ou o u c
h d h l ft
a e e
7 A g 20 b tt i 4 q l w H w m y
rr a n e u on s n e u a ro s o an are
h w A g th mi t q l o w
. .
th iere n e ac ro d t ll r r an e e n en e u a r s, a n e
h w m y b tto
o th an i 1 w ; i 7
u w ns e re are n ro n ro s .
8 I p i d 16 doll f 4 a ddl W h t h ld I p y f ars or sa es a s ou a or
ddl t th m t
. .
2 sa es a e sa e ra e
9 If 3f . o t 9 t w h t w ill 6 f an s c t s c e n s, a a n s c os
1 0 W h t w i ll b th
. t f h lf d
a p il if th y e e c os o a a oz e n e nc s, e
ca n b b ght t th e t f2f 6 t
ou a e ra e o or ce n s .
1 1 Of p ti g 4 f th of y d w i d i t q i 3
ca r e n ou r s a ar e re u re s
H w my b
.
b dth t
rea ti fl
s dth w ld
o c ov e r a c e r a n oor . o an re a s ou
it q i re i f th p ti g w 3 f th f y d w i d
u re e ca r e n e re ou r s o a ar e
12 I f 1 0 d ll . w i ll p y f .
20 h t h w m y h t w i ll
o ars a or a s, o an a s
9 doll b y ars u
M I S C ELLA N E OU S .
25
By d ivi g t m4 m
13 il r h jo y n a b ea es an ou r , a u r ne can e
om h w m y ho
.
a cc pl i h d i 3 ho I
s e n it b u rs n o an u rs ca n e
om pli h d by d i vi g 6 m
.
acc s il e ho r n es an u r
14 I f i t q i 4 d y f 5 m t t th typ f re u re s a s or en o
‘
se e e or a
b ok h w m y d y w ld b q i d f 10 m to t i t ?
.
o , o an a s ou e re u re or en se
15 H w m y . f 3 pi t
o h w ill h ld m h
an ca n s o n s e ac o as uc as
9 f 2 pi t
cans o h [S p g n s e ac ee a e
16 H w m y f g o t4 ant h w ill p y
e ars o re e n c or n a ce n s e ac a
fl m
.
f 2 p
or d b t8 t p p d
ou n s o a a ce n s er ou n
17 H w m y b dl of l th t th t f 5 b dl f
o an u n es a s a e ra e o un es or
of m f 2 d y
.
a d ll o b p id f wi th th w g
a r, ca n e a or e a es a an or a s
a t 2 d ll d y o a rs a a
18 W h t m b f h ol d y f 5 ho a nu h w ill er o sc o a s o u rs e ac
q l i ti m 2 w o k i g d y f 10 h
,
.
e u a n e h r n a s o ou r s e ac
19 W h q il w th 2 fifth ofen doll pi h w

ua s are or s a ar a e ce , o
m y q il w ill p y f 2 h p t 7 fifth of d ll p i
.
an u a s a or s ee a s a o ar a e ce
2 0 S ppo i g 4 q t fm
u i lk t m k 1 po d f h
s n u ar s o o a e u n o c e e se ,
h w my p b m d f om2 0 q t of
.
o d of h an ou n s c e e se ca n e a e r u ar s
milk
21 A b i k i 2 i h th i k 4 i h w i d
r c d 8 i h
s nc es c nc es e , an nc es
l g H w m y b i k l id l gthwi w ill t d f
.
,
on . o an r c s a en se ex en as ar as
4 l i d w i dth w i
a se
2 2 H w m y b i k l id w id th w i
. o w ill
an t d f r c s a se ex en as ar as
1 0 l i d dg w i
a e e se
23 M y g 6 d t to Em ar m wh i h w h lf of ll h
ave a es a, c as a a s e
H w my h d h
.
h d a . o an a s e
24 F i 1 th i d of wh t ou r b ? 1 f
s th of w h t r a n n rn er ou r a
m
.
nu b er ?
25 T h i 1 fif th of w h t
. re em b 1 fs th f w h t a nu er ou r o a
26 R b t p t 6 t fo er dy wh i h w 1 th i d f
s en ce n s or ca n c as r o
H w mh m y h d h
.
,
allh h d e a . o u c on e a e
27 M J . pi k d ppl f M P tt k p i g 1 b h l
r . on e s c e a es or r . ra , ee n u s e
ou t f y 6 b h l p i k d W h t p t of th ppl
o e ve r u s e s c e . a ar e a es
pi k d di d h k p ? I f M Jo k pt 3 b h l h w r. ne s
m y b h l did h pi k ?
c e e ee e u s e s, o
an u s e s e c
26 M EN T A L ARI T H M E T I C .
28 y divid d om h i q lly m
T h re eo g th bo s e s e c e rr e s e ua a n e m
H w my h d l
.
selv E h b y h d 5 h
e s. i acl o a c e rr e s o an a a
m of t b i g b t 3 ti m
.
29 T h i f a re e e n ou its
di mt wh t i th di mt of t w ho i m
. e c rcu e re nce a es
a e e r, f a s e a e er a re e se c r cu e r e n ce
i 15 f t
s ee
30 E dg
h d of th di t
ar wa lk d
to h i hool e 2 t ir s e s a n ce s sc
i 10 m I h w my m
.
n i t nu i t
es ld h w lk 1 thi d
n o an nu e s cou e a r
I h w my m
.
of th di t e s a n ce i t th w h l d i t n o an nu e s, e o e s a n ce
31 10 i 2 th i d of w h t s m b r s a nu er
15 m t to w lk 3 q t of m
.
32 I t t k E i a es va il nu es a u ar e r s a e.
I h w my m m
.
n o i t h w lk
an il nu e s ca n s e a a e
33 15 i 3 f . th f w h t m s b ou r s o a nu er
34 I f 5 i ghth of
. po d of fig o t 10 t w h t will
e s a un s c s c e n s, a
a po d o t u n c s
35 10 i 5 i gh th of w h t s m b e s a nu er
ow i g 2 th i d of m
.
36 Aft er s g d 6 p o d w ras s s e e un s e re
d w l ft H w m y p o d
n r s
.
y ,
l ft W h t p t of th
e . a ar e se e as e o an u n s
h d I tfi t
a a rs
37 F i i ghth f qve e t i ty of o i o w old to M

s o a u an n ns e re s r
B k d th mi d w h i h w 6 b h l to M R gg
.
rec an
H w m y i ghth
, e re a n e r, c as u s e s, r. u .
o f th
an i w old to M R g g ?
H w my b h l w
e s o e o n on s e re s r. u
o an th i th w hol q tity
u s e s ere e re n e e u an
38 6 i 3 i ghth f wh t s m b e s o a nu er
p d i g 1 fifth f h i m
.
39 Aft er s o y H y h ad 16 t
en n o s ne arr ce n s
H w my
.
,
l ft
e t h dh tfi t
o an ce n s a e a rs
m
.
4 0 1 6 i 4 fifth f wh t s b s o a nu er
41 A m ld 2 fifth f h i f mf 6 th
.
a n so d doll s o s ar or ou sa n ar s.
t f th f mw o th t th m t
.
W h t w th
'
a as e re s o e ar r a e sa e ra e
42 A b y ld h i w t h f 15 doll w h i h w 5 f th
o so s a c or a r s, c as ou r s
of w h t i t o t H w m h di d i t t
.
a c s o u c c os ?
m
.
43 1 5 i 5 fo th
. f wh t s b u r s o a nu er
44 P i d f l h b k t 2 0 t w h i h w 5 i ghth
a or a u nc as e ce n s, c as e s
lth m y I h d H w m h m y h d I l ft
.
,
of l a e on e a o u c on e a e
m m
.
4 5 I f 2 0 i 5 i g hth f b w h t i 3 i gh th
s e s o so e nu er a s e s
m m
.
,
of th b
e sa e nu er
M I S C E LLAN E O U S . 27
Gi v t i ght w t th follow i g
e a s ans e rs o e n
W h t i 1 h lf of 12 ? f 14
a s a f 18 of 16 ? o o
W h t i 1 th i d of 12
a s f 18 of 15
r o
W h t i 2 th i d f 1 2 of 18 of 15
a s r s o
W h t i 1 f th of 12
a s f 20
ou r f 16 o o
W h t i 3 f th f 12
a s f 20
ou r of 16 s o o
W h t i 1 fifth f 15 of 2 0
a s o
W h t i 2 fifth f 15 of 2 0 4 fifth f 15
a s s o s o
W h t i 1 i th f 12 of 18 2 i th f 12
a s s x o s x s o
W h t i 4 i th of 12 ? f 18 ? 5 i th f
a s s x s o s x s o
55 . W ha t p t of 12 i 6 i 4
ar s s
56 . W h at p t of 12 i 3 i 2
ar s s
57 . W ha t p t f 14 i 7 i 2
ar o s s ?
58 . W h t p t f 15 i 5 i 3
a ar o s s
59 . W h t p t f 16 i 8 i 4 i 2 ?
a ar o s
?
s ? s
60 . W h t p t of 18 i 9 ? i 6 i 3 ?
a ar s s
?
s
61 12 i 2 t i m w h t
s 6 tim w h t
es a es a
1 2 i 3 ti m w h t 4 tim wh t
.
62 s es a es a
1 4 i 2 t i m wh t 7 ti m w h t
.
63 s es a es a
16 i 2 t i m w h t 8 t i m wh t 4 ti m w h t
.
64 s es a es a es a
18 i 2 ti m w h t 9 t im w h t
.
65 s es a es a
18 i 3 t i m w h t ? 6 t i m w h t
.
66 . s es a es a
67 . 5 i 1 h lf f w h t
s a 1 th i d f w h t
o 1 f th of
a r o a ou r
w h t
a
68 . h lf f w h t 1 th i d f w h t
6 is 1 a o a r o a
6 9 12 i 2 th i d of w h t
. s 3 fo th of w h t
r s 3 fifth f a u r s a s o
wh t a 4 fifth f wh t 6 s oth f w h t a se v e n s o a
7 O 14 i 7 i ghth of w h t ? 7 i th of w h t
. s e 7 t th
s a n n s a en s
of w h t 7 thi d of w h t
a r s a
7 1 16 i 4 fifth of w h t
. s 8 i th of w h t
s 8 t th f a n n s a en s o
wh t a 4 th i d f wh t r s o a
7 2 18 i 9 t th of w h t
s 12 i 6
en v th of w h t
s a s se en s a
28 M E N T A L ARI T H M E T I 0 .
SECT I ON XI .
M I S C E L L AN E OU S .
21 1 I f I pa y 6 doll ar s a
y e ar for book 3 doll s, ars for
mh mh
. .
p a p e r s, a n d as u c for p e w re n t as f both h w
or , o uc
do I p a y for l
al ?
2 A we e k dy a nd 6 a s are h ow my d y an a s
m y f t w id omth t i
.
3 . H ow an ee e is a ro a s 4 yar d s and 2
f t w id
ee e
4 G y ld
e or g e H w old w ill h b w h
is 7 h i
e ars o o e e en e s
m
. .
t wi ld
ce a s o d 1 y an e ar or e
5 A m b ght h i f 12 d ll
an ou d old i t f 2 a c a n or o ar s an s or
doll m th h lf mh h g f i t F h w
.
ars or e an a as uc as e ave or or o
m h did h ll th h i
.
u c e se e c a n
6 A h 12 t d B h 4 t H w my t
as ce n s an as ce n s o an ce n s
m t A gi B th t th i mo y my b q l
. .
us ve a e r ne a e e u a
7 M F o t wo k d 6 d y f M B w s d tw i a s ro n an ce as
m y d y f M Smith H w m y d y did h w o k f
. r. r r e or r.
an a s or r . . o an a s e r or
both
8 M F o t t t7 p t
r. r d 9 pl m
s se t If
ou e ar r e e s, an u re e s on e
di d h w m y li d
. .
fo th of th t
ur e se re e s e o an ve
m 2 f t l g H w m y tim m t
,
9 I h v a e a e a su r e ee on o an es u s
I pply i t to m
. .
a ff 6 y d
, e a su r e o ar s
10 H w lo g w i ll 4 b h l o d3 p k n f pot to l t u s e s an e e s o a es as a
fm
.
a i ly i f th y t th t of p k w k
e u se a e ra e a ec a ee
11 Em mh 8 Ch i t m d whi h i 2 thi d of th
,
a as r s a s ca r s, c s r s e
m H w my h
.
nu b S hh er ara S h as o an as ara
12 A m bo ght
.
. ho f 5 tho d d ll p i d 3
an u a u se or u sa n o a r s, a
tho d doll fu sa n pi d th old i t t lo of 2

ars or re a r s, a n en s a a ss
tho d d ll u sa n po th ti o t H w m h did h
ars u n e en r e cos . o u c e re
c e iv e for i t ?
M I S C E LLA N E O US . 29
13 A boy sh ov ll d
e e b hl f
4 u s e s o c or n in to bf
a bi n e or e
tm m h ft ho l w my b h l
.
sc ho l o , and 4 i H e s as uc a e r sc o . o an u s e s
in lldid h
a hov l e s e
14 H y w t 4 od e nr t f m ho l wh il Alvi w t
en r s e as ro sc o e n en
3 tim
.
,
f w te s as H w f ar p t w th boy th
es o ar a ar e re e s en
15 H w m y d y th f omth 1 t t th 17 th f
.
. o an a s are e re r e s o e o
J u ne
1 6 F omth . 4 th to th 2 0th f M
r e h h w my e o arc ar e o an
w eek dd y s an a s
17 H w m y m o th 13 6 t i m 3
o an re an are es
18 H w m y l
.
. th 19 2 fifth of 20
o an e ss an a re s
19 J l i i 1 8 y
. u lda d D i d i h lf
s old J l i
e ar s o , a n av s a as as u a .
W h t i th difi
a s of th i g
e e re nce e r a es
20 E i ght i m d p of w h
e en t 2 q l s m b a W h t e u a e u a nu e rs a
m m
.
3 q le b
u a Wh t 6 q l
nu e rs b NVh t 9 a e u a nu e rs a
21 A f m i d 9 doll
ar f t d 3f y If
e r r e ce v e ars or oa s , a n or r e
h p i d 1 th i d of th m y h g h w my
. .
e a r i d f e on e e r e ce ve or su ar, o an
d ll h d h l ft
o ar s a e e
22 H w m y pl t o th i 3 o w of 5 pl t
an h
an s ar e e re n r s a n s e ac
d 2 pl t m
.
an o an s re
23 H w m y b
. o l of ppl t 3 doll an b l w ill
a r re s a es a ar s a arr e
p y
a f 2 to orf o l t 9 d ll
ns o t c a ars a
t I p t 1 h lf of m
a o on
24 H vi g 1 8 a n
y m o
ce n sy d ne n
m
s en a a
m
.
, ,
gave 1 th i d of th i
r d t Ch l H w
e h d
rei d a n er o ar e s . o u c
he r e c e iv e
25 yM l a ggi
d; K t i 3 y e o d th
i s 10 e ar s s e a rs er
I h w my y
. o a e r an
M ggia e . w i ll K t b 16 y
n o ld an e ar s a e e e ar s o
2 6 M gg i w t to th to w ith 20 t Sh bo gh t
a e en e s re ce n s e u
h o m k f 10 t
. .
2 toy t4 t s a c e n s e ac d p t s e c r ac e rs or c e n s, a n s en
t fh m
,
th e re s o y f p p g tti g 2 h t f 1 t
o er ne or a er e n s ee s or ce n
H w m y h t di d h b y
.
,
o an s ee s s e u
2 7 T w boy
. t t t th mpl o d w lk i oppo i t
s s ar a e sa e ace a n a n s e
d i ti o
re c 12 th oth 8 od ; th y th
n s, on e t d w lk
, e er r s e en u rn an a
h lf w y b k to th pl
a a f t ti g
ac H w f p t e ac e o s ar n . o ar a ar are
th y e
30 M EN T A L A RI T H M E T I C .
28 W illia mh d 17 fi a g s H e a te 3 a nd divi d ed th e re mi a n
m y d id
. .
de r e qu a l ly b tw e ee n h i s tw o b thro e rs . H ow an e ach
r e ce i v e
29 I r e ce i v d 11 l tt
e e e rs on F id y r a a n d 7 on Sa t dyur a I
m d 2 l tt m my
.
, .
ha v e an sw e r e d h lf of th a e an e e rs or e H ow an
mi
.
l tt
e e rs r e a n u n a n sw e r e d
30 B t l th B t d
h as 5 mbl Re e d h as 1
o th B t H w m y mbl h
ur ar e s, e ss
3m
. an u r , an
Pi h
r n ce as l
l re an ur o an ar es ave a ?
d 12 p g i m
.
31 I h v j t a
y h i toey w h i h i
u s 4 re a a es n s r c s
H w my p g
.
,
fifth of th w hol h pt
s e th i th e c a er . o an a e s ar e ere n e
ch pt a er
32 I f y h v 12 h t t d gi v 1 th i d f th m
ou a t e c e s nu s, a n e r e o
d 1 i th to W illi mh w m y
. o
D 1 fo th t A i
or a , ur o n n e , an s x a , o an
w i ll y h v l ft ou a e e
33 H w m y b tt
. th oi do and h lf u on s a r e e re n on e zen an a a
do b tto
t k 2 th i d of 18 f om5 i th f 18 h w
zen u ns
34 I f y ou a e r s s x s o
m y w ill b l ft
. r , o
an e e
Ex e r c i s e in M a k i ng Ex a m p l
e s .
22 . The p pil u s my mk a a e e xa m
pl e s, p tti g u n in i t e m s as
g v b low [ S
i en e : ee pg a e
2 di m d 4 es an t ;
ce n s 4 p e n c i s an l d 12 ce n s ; 3 t
g a ll on s
and 2 pi t ; 2 ho n s u r s and 6 ce n s t ; 18 ce n s t a n d 5 ra n o g es ;
t i g 15 f t lo
a s r n ee n g .
Abo t boy d u s an y e ar s ; w e e k s a nd dy
a s ; a s p ll i g l
e n e ss o n ;
b yi g g o i ;
u n r ce r e s se ll i g l il i
n es .
Im gi y h 3 h lf di m d om t
a ne ou av e a - es an s e c e n s, a n d bu y
w i th yo mo y y f th fol
u r lowi g t i l ne an on e o e n ar c es at mk t ar e
p i ; mk yo p h
r ce s d t ll w h t h g y
a e ur u rc a se a n e a c an e ou wi ll g t e
k ; o p; d t ; h ; l m
.
S g ; c u ar rac o ; e rs s a a es c e e se e ns fig s ; po
t t
a oe s ; th d ; p p ; p ; bb ; i
re ak ; p i a er e ns ru er n ns ; c otto n
l th
c o .
AD DI T I ON . 31
SE CTION X II .
A D D I T I ON .
N u m
b e rs f rom on e to one h u ndr e d .
23 . 1 . N a mi e n od
r er th e nu b f om20 t
m e rs r o 40 ; fr o m90
to 100
o t by 10 f om10 to 100
.
2 C u n
’
s r
H w m y 10
. .
3 o th i 20 i an
’
s are e re n n 30 in 60 ? i n 100
H w my t
.
4 . o d it th
an ens an u n s are e re i n 22 in 25 in
32 ? i n 45 ? i n 56 ? i n 6 7 ? in 7 1 i n 89 ? i n 9 8 °
5 H ow my an are 10 and 2?
w my
.
6 H o an are 10 and 4 ? 30 + 4 50 + 4 ?
w my
.
7 H o an are 10 an d 6 ? 4 0 + 6 ? 60 + 6
my
.
8 H ow an are 10 and 8? 70 8?
w my
.
9 H o an ar e 10 a nd 10 20 10 80 10
w my
.
10 H o an ar e 40 and 20 60 30 30 40
w my
.
11 . H o an ar e 1 5 a n d 10 75 20 25 50
24 12 J a ne h ad 9 p h
e ac es and 19 pl m u s, a n d Thom as
m m pl m w my
. .
g ave her 2 o p h re e ac es and 2 o re u s. H o an
p e ac h th es H w m y pl m
h a d sh e en o an u s
13 H w m y . 9 d2 19
o d 2 an are an an
14 Ot i i 8 y
. old d h i i t i 18 H w old will
s s e a rs ,
a n s s s er s . o
Ot i b i 4 y
s H w old w ill h i
e n i t b e ars o s s s er e
15 H w m y . 8 d4 18
o d 4? an ar e an an
1 6 Ch l bo ght l t f 7 t ar e s d k if f 17 u a s a e or c e n s, a n a n e or
old th m h H w my
.
H e s to g i 5 t e so as a n ce n s on e ac . o an ,
t did h
ce n s iv f th l t f th k i f
e H w
r e ce e or e s a e or
m y 7 d 5 ? 17 d 5 ?
e n e o
an ar e an an
1 7 Joh h 6 t d W lt h 16 I f h b y
n as c e n s, a n a er as e ac o e arns
t m o h w m y t w i ll Joh h v th
. .
7 ce n s re , oH w an ce n s n a e en o
m y will W lt h v
an a er a e
18 J k p t 5 d ll M d Mr.D y p t 15 d en s s en o a r s, a n r a s en a n
h h d 9 d ll l ft H w m y d ll h d M J k t
,
. .
e ac a o ars e o an o ars a r en s a
H w my h d M
. .
fi t
rs D y o an a r a
19 W ill i m
.
h 4 d d D o h 14 I f h h lda as ca r s, a n ra as e ac s ou
d m h w m y w ld W ill i mth h v
. .
i 8
r e ce ve ca r s or e o an ou a en a e ?
H w m y w o ld D o
,
o h an u ra av e
25 . Gi v e a t si ght a n sw e r s to th e f ll w i g
o o n
i . ii . ii i . iv . v .
a .
b . 69 4 5 -
d .
1 9 + 1O 59 + 10
f .
g .
h .
28 + ] O
j .
k . 27 4 9 -
1 67 1 3
m 7 + 10
.
n .
q .
r .
t
u .
v .
w . 7 3 + 1O 53 + ] O
x . 8 2 4- 9
AD D I T I ON . 33
26 20 by 2 f om2 to 30 f om1 t 31
Add ’
s r r o
Add by 3 f m 3 to 36 f o m1 to 37 3 f o m
. . .
21 .
’
s ro 2 to 38 r r .
22 . B gie n n in g w it h 1 in circ e l A, a dd
rou n d th e l
ci r c e f y as ar as ou ca n g o u
p
to 1 00, or till di t d to t p re c e s o .
23 by 4 f om4 t 48 ; f mI t
A dd ’
s r o ro o
f om2 to 50
.
49
5 t 60 ; f o m1 t 6 1 ; f om
r
2 4 Add by 5 f o m
.
’
2 ts r o r o r o
62 ; f m 3 t 63 ; f m
.
ro 4 to 64 o ro
2 5 Add by 6 f o m6 to 7 2 f om 1 t 7 3 f om
.
2 to 7 4
’
. s r r o r .
26 . B gie nn in g wi th 1 in i
c rc e l B , a dd
r ou n d th i l eto 100 c rc e as ne ar as y ou can,
or ti ll di t d to t p rec e s o .
27 by 7 f om7 to 84 ; f m1 to
Add ’
s r ro
85; f om 2 to 86
r
2 8 Add by 8 f m 8 to 96 ; f m f om3 to 99 ;
.
1 to 9 7 ’
s ro ro r
f om5 to 93
.
2 9 Add by 9 f o m9 to 9 9 ; f m1 t 9 1 f om
.
’
. 2 t 92
s r ro o r o .
30 . B gie nn in g wi th 1 in c i rc e l C , a dd
r ou n d th i l e c rc e as n e ar to 100 as y ou ca n ,
or ti ll di t d re c e to s top .
31 . T h ere are 15 c ow s in on e p t as u re ,
10 i n an o th e r, a nd 20 i n an oth er H ow
m y ow
.
an c s th i ll?
a re e re n a
32 M ar y p t 50 t f
s en ce n s or a h a t, 20 t immi gce n s t for r n
w m h di d l
.
i t, a n d 8 ce n st f th li i g H
or e n n . o l o t
u c a c s
33 M r. G w o k d 20 d y
re e n r e a s i hi g d
n s6 d y i hi
ar e n, a s n s
my
.
or c h dar , a n d 7 d y i h i fi ld a s n s e . H ow an da y s di d h e
w or k i n l
al
34 If a c h a i r c os ts 22 doll a r s, a m 6 d ll
at o a r s, a n d a l m
a
p
mh d
.
5 doll a r s, h o w u c o a ll o tc s
35 A m bo an u ght a s ov e t f or d ll
18 p f 4 d ll
o e r e ,n r o e or o ar s,
w m y doll
.
a n d a sa d
d le for 9 d ll o ars . H o di d h p y f
an ars e a or
a l
l
36 W a lt e r h ad i n h is l ib y rar 33 b ok o s H e a f te r ward
m8 my b k
. .
bo ght 5u , an d h is c ou s i n g a ve hi . H ow an oo s h ad
h the en
37 vot w
At tf p
a ca u c u s 10 f 35 es e re ca s or on e e r son , or
an oth d7 f th H w m y vot w
e r ,a n t f ll?
or a n o er o an es e re cas or a
38 A m h t p i d 38 dol
.
l f o g 6 d ll f
e rc an a ar s or ra n e s, o a rs or
lm H w m y d ll
.
ba n a n a s ,d 7 d ll f oan d id h o ar s or e ns . o an o ar s e
for al
l
p ay
39mi ll i bo ght 45 bl k pl m 8
A ne r hit d 9 u ac u e s, w e , an
m m m
.
gr y pl a H y
u pl di
es d h b y ? ow an u es s e u
t m p 47 m 7
.
40 O bo d n g ar a s ea er as a ss e n e rs w e re e n,
m d 9 h ild H w my p
.
wo e n, an g w th c ren o an a s se n ers ere e re
4 1 A f m old 4
.
d of p i w ood f 2 7 d ll
ar er sd c or s ne or o a r s , an
H w m y d ll
.
1 d of k f 9 d ll
c or oa di d h
or iv o a r s. o an o ars e re ce e
42 A f m ld 53 t k y to ar m 6 t th d
e r so u r e s on e a n, o an o e r , an
k pt 5 h imlf H w m y t k y h d h t fi t
.
e se . o an ur e s a e a rs
43 Sa r a h h a d 61 ce n s t l ft ft e a erp di g 4s en n ce n t s for
mh m y h
.
ne e dl e s, a n d 6 ce n s t for pi ns . H ow u c on e ad sh e at
fir s t ?
44 A m bo ght
an u a c a r r ia g f e or 79 doll a r s, p ida 4 doll ars
m
.
for re p a i r in g i t, a n d th en so ld i t f or 5 doll ars or e th th

an e
ca r r ia g e a n d re p a i r in g t c os hi m . H ow m y d ll
an o ar s di d h e
t f r it
g eo
45 . H or a c e is 8 y e a r s old , and h e is 9 y e a rs y ou n g th er an
Cl ara . I f th e t h
e ac e r i s 9 y e a r s ol e r d th an Cl a r a, h w old i
o s
th e t h
e ac er
46ook p t 8 p d
. A c u ou n s of c u r r a n t j i u ce to k ttl th t
in a e e a
w i gh d 12 p
e d ; h th
e ou n s s e en
p t i
u po n a un d of g to h su ar
w m y po
e ac
po d of u n tj i H cu r r a n u ce . o an un d di d th k ttl
s e e e
and it t t w ig h s c on en s e
S UB T RA C T I ON . 35
SE CTION XIII .
S U B T R AC T I O N .
N u m
b e rs f ro m one to on e h u ndr e d .
27 H old g th d 11 vi l t
1 d 21 d i i
ar d a e re o e s an a s e s, a n
h ki d H w m y vi l t h d
. .
th w w y 2 fl w
re f
a a o e rs o e ac n o an o e s a
H w my d i i
.
h th e en o an a s es
2 H w my . 11 l o 2 21 l 2 an a re e ss e ss
3 G t d h 12 d ll e r ru d 22 t I f h ho ld
e as o ars an ce n s s e s u
t h w m y doll w ld h h
. .
s p d 4 d llen d 4 o a rs a n c e n s, o an ars ou s e a ve
l fte H w my t o an ce n s
4 H w my 12 l o 4 22 l 4 an are e ss e ss
5 A mk t m w h h d 13 q
.
ar t of bl b i
e d 23
an o a u ar s u e e rr e s an
m
.
q t
u ar s of bl kb i ld 6 q t f ac h k i d H w y
e r r e s, so u ar s o e ac n o an
q t f bl b i w l ft H w m y of bl kb i
.
u ar s o u e e rr e s e re e o an ac e rr es
6 H w my . 13 l o 6 23 l 6 an ar e e ss e ss
7 A h w l o t 14 d ll s d a d o t 34 d ll
c s o a r s, a n a r e ss c s o ars
t of h t i l w 5 doll m
. .
Th e c os o th i t w th
e ac ar c e as ar s re an s or .
Wh t w th w th f th h w l
a as f th d e or o e s a o e r e ss
8 H w my 14 l o 5 34 l 5 an are e ss e ss
9 Em m h d 15 di t mk d J h h d 45 I f 7 f
.
a a cr e ar s, a n o n a o
di t mk f h w f go d b h i
. .
th e cr e ar d th
s o t e ac e re or o e a v or , a n e re s
f or p f tl h w m y f Em
er ec m w f p f tl
e s son s, o an o a s
’
e re or er ec es
s o ns H w my f J h o an o o n s
’
10 H w m y 15 l o 7 45 l 7 an are e ss e ss
old h i m
.
11 B t i 16 y u r oth i 36 d h i i t K t
s e ars s er s ,a n s s s er a e
i 8 H w my y H w my
,
.
s ld i B t th K t
o an e ars o er s ur an a e o an
old i h i mth th K t
.
y e a rs er s s o er an a e
12 H w m y m . 1 6 th
o 8 36 th an 8? or e a r e an an
13 M Eld w d 17 doll r t hi g d 4 7 d ll
er o e ar s o s r oc e r , a n o ars
to h h w m h di d h
. .
t h i t i lo
o I f h p i d 9 d ll
s a r e a o ar s e ac o u c e
H w m h t th t i l
.
,
s ti ll w t th g o e o e r oc e r o u c o e a or
36 M E N T A L A RI T H M E T I C ’
.
28 . G iv e at si ght a n sw e r s to th f llowi g
e o n
i . ii . ii i . iv . vr.
11 — 2 21 — 2 41 — 2 11 — 3 31 — 3 51 — 3
b . 21 — 5 11 — 4 21 — 4 61 — 4
0 . 11 — 7 51 —
7 31 — 7 11 — 8 4 1 —
8 31 —
8
(1 . 11 — 6 41 — 6 21 — 6 11 — 9 31 — 9 91 —
9
12 — 3 22 — 3 42 — 3 12 — 5 22 —
5 62 — 5
1 . 12 — 6 32 — 6 72 — 6 12 — 4 32 — 4 62 — 4
12 — 7 32 —
7 22 —
7 12 —
8 52 —
8 92 —
8
a 12 — 9 42 — 9 82 —
9 12 — 10 42 — 10 82 — 10
r 43 — 4 23 — 4 13 — 6 83 —
6 33 — 6
r 13 — 7 43 — 7 33 — 7 13 —
5 53 — 5 43— 5
s 13 — 9 33 — 9 63 —
9 13 — 8 33 — 8 63 — 8
r 14 — 5 24 — 5 14 —
7 44 — 7 84
s 14 — 8 34 —
8 84 —
8 14 — 6 34 —
6 74 —
6
s 14 — 9 24 —
9 64 — 9 14 —
10 44 —
10 64 — 10
p 15 —
6 25 — 6 15 — 7 35 — 7 65— 7
p 15 —
9 35 —
9 55 — 9 15 — 8 45 — 8 35 — 8
a 16 — 7 36 — 7 26 — 7 16 — 9 46 — 9 36 — 9
r. 16 — 8 76 — 8 86 — 8 16 — 10 36 — 10 86 — 1 0
3 .
37 —
8 47 — 8 17 — 9 6 — 9 87 — 9
t . 18 — 9 38 —
9 68 — 9 19 — 10 49 — 10 99 — 10
29 14 bt t by 2 f m30 ; f m31
Su rac
’
s ro ro
bt t by 3 f m36 f m37 f om38

. . .
15 . Su rac
’
s ro ro r .
1 6 B gi i g w ith 1 i i l D bt t e nn n n c rc e s u rac
m m m
.
,
th g i b f e 50 i g lt
ve n nu e rs ro ,
n a n r e su s
ly d tion bt ti g ,
f an c on nu e su rac n as ar as
p ibl os s e
t by 4 f m4 8 ; f m4 9 ;
.
17 S bt u rac
’
s ro ro
f m50
.
ro
bt t by 5 f m60 ; f m6 1 f m62 ; f m63 ;

.
18 Su r ac
’
s ro ro ro ro
m64
.
fr o .
S UE T K A C T I ON . 37
19 Su bt t r ac by 6
’
s f om7 2 ; f om7 3 ;
r r
f o m7 4
.
r .
2 0 B gi e n n in
g wi th 1 i i l n c rc e E, s u b t t
rac
m f om100
.
th egiv en nu b e rs r , a n d o
c n ti n u e
su bt ti g rac n as fa r as po ibl ss e .
bt t by 7 f om84 ; f o m85 ; f om
21 Su r ac
’
s r r r
t by 8 f m9 6 ; f m9 7 ;
.
22 S bt
’
u r ac e ro ro
f m99 ; f m93
.
ro ro
t by 9 f om99 ; f m9 1 ;
.
2 3 S bt ’
ro
f om92
. u rac s r
r .
2 4 B gi i g w i th 1 i i l F
e bt t nn n n c rc e su r ac
m b f o m100 d o ti
.
,
th egi ve n nu e rs r , a n c n nu e
su bt ti g f
r ac
p i bl n as ar as oss e .
25 F ro m y gi an ve n nu m
b er subt ra c t th e
m
.
nu b gi v e rs en in l G
c ir c e , and c o tin nu e su b
t ti g
r ac n as fa r as po ibl ss e .
a .
30 26 In an o r ch a r d a re 60 t ; 10
re e s are q u in ce t r e e s, 2
pl mt H w my
. .
are d thu t r e e s, a n e re s are a ppl t e re e s . o an ar e
appl t e re e s ?
27 M g t h d 4 0 gg i b k t b t h f ll d b ok
ar are a e s n a as e u s e e an r e
10 of th m m
,
; h ft w d e old 6 H w y gg
s h d
e ah er ar s s . o an e s a s e
l ft
e
28 I f my d 7 0 fowl ; of th 10
n a ar t ky -
ar are s e se ar e ur e s,
H w my
.
10 g 5d k
e e se , d th th uc h s, a n e re s e ns o an ar e ens
29 A m mwh t f 65 d ll b t it b i g
.
il l bo ght er u so e ea or o a r s, u e n
d mg d h ld it f 8 d ll l th h p id F h w
.
,
a a e e so or o ars e ss an e a or o
m h did h ll i t
, .
u c e se
30 A f m h d 30 h p t h ar H h d 9 d hi
er a s ee o s e ar e s e a re an s
h d 3 H w m y h d h th to h
. .
s on s e are . o an a e en s e ar
31 G o g h d 64 o g i h i b k t I f h ld 5 t
e r e a ra n es n s as e e so o
th h w m y h d h l ft ft
. .
on e p o d 6 to
e r s n, a n h a no e r, o an a e e a e r e ac
l
sa e
38 M E N T AL ARI T H M E T I 0 .
32 Fr o mb
g 41 a Em ily p i k d 7
ran c h con a i ni nt a co r ns , c e
iv pi k d 5 H w m y mi d
.
an d Ol e o c e . o an ac rn s r e a ne
33 I b k G
. n fo d 36 p i t
a oo 8 of w h i h w ra c e un c u r e s, c e re
pi t of bi d 7 of flow
c u re s d th rt of q d p d e rs , a n ru e
H w my w
s, e re s u a s.
o pi t an of q d p d e re c u re s ua ru e s
34 O t of t t of 56 p i
u 7 p 5 pl t
a ea d 2 se e c e s, cu s, a e s, a n
H w m y pi
.
w
sa u c e r s b ok e re w w hol
r en o an e ce s e re e
35 A l d t t d t w lk 4 7 m w lk d 9 m
.
. a il H
s ar e il o a es . e a e es
b f di
e or e 7 ft di d od th
n n e r, t f th w y
a er nn e r , a n r e e res o e a .
H w f o di d h id ar e r e
36 Ch l . d J m w ar e s74 y d p t d t td
an a es ere ar s a ar , an s ar e
to w lk tow d a h oth Ch l w lk d 6 y d
ar s e ac d e r. ar e s a e ar s, a n
J m 7 H w f p t w th y th
a es o ar a ar e re e en
m
.
37 Alf d h d 4 4 ti k of w ood to pl i t
re d 2 boy
a s c s s an s ca e
t h lp h i m O pl it 7 ti k d th th 5 H w m y
.
,
o e ne s s c s, a n e o er o an
t i k mi d f A lf d to plit
. .
s c s re a ne or re s
38 H g th d 6 2 po d l il i g v 5 to Ali 9 to
o ra c e a e re n e s, a e ce ,
t hom H w m y did h t k h m
.
R th u d t ok th , a n o e re s e . o an e a e o e
39 A th . d 65 t Af t p di g 8 t f
r u r e a r ne ce n s . er s en n ce n s or
pp 6f
a e r, p il d 8 f or bb h p t w h t h h d
a e nc ru a e
l ft i to h i vi g b k H w m y t did h p t i t
, a n or e r, e u a
e , n s sa n s an . o an ce n s e u n o
th b ek an
40 M G t p i d 38 d ll f 3 i g b
r ra n F a o ars or car r a e ro es or
H w my
. . .
on e h p i d 5 doll e ad f th 8 doll ars, a n or ano er ars . o an
d ll did h p y f th thi d
o ar s e a or e r
4 1 A o ph yl m t i d 9 2 h ild
n r an Af t 9 of
as u co n a n e c re n er
th mw pl d i f m
. .
e e re il i d 5w p
ace t t t l n a e s, a n e re u ou o e a rn
t d h w m y mi d
ra e s, o an re a ne
42 A m h t h d 84 p i
. f h ti g
e rc an H old 8 a e ce s o s ee n . e s
pi to
e ce s p 9 to th d 5t oth H w o an er
m y pi w l ft ft h l
on e e r son , ano e r, an . o
an e ce s ere e a e r e ac sa e
43 Of hool of 4 2 p pil 9 it th fi t ho 8 t dy
a sc u s, re c e e rs u r, s u
t d w H w my d w
.
g o g phy d th
e ra a n e re s ra o an ra
ld 9 f th m H w
,
.
44 A d w h h d 56 h p h rov e r o a s ee a s so
m y mt h w b y to h v 50
. o e . o
an u s e no u a e
ADD I T I ON AN D S UB T RA C T I ON . 39
SECTION XI V .
AD D I T I O N AN D S U B T R A C T I ON .
31 l Fi fty v -s e en p p il
u s a r e n ow in th i t 12 h e
e r se a s, av
m y p pi l h v b
. .
l ft hool
e sc , a n d 3 are b t
a se n . H ow an u s a e e
lo g d to th
n e hool e sc
2 I . Alb t n book 63 book ; 5

er
’
s b k of -
c a se ar e s are oo s
t l 8 f po t y 5 of fi t io
rav e , o d th e r t t y book
H w my
, c n , an e re s are s or s .
o to y book
an a re s r s
3 M D y o w d 62 doll r t th
a
p t e8 to th g ar s o e ca r e n e r, e r oc e r ,
ho mk H w m y d ll
. .
an d 9 to th e s di d h
e a w t e r. o an o ar s e o e o
a ll If M D y ho ld p y th g r. a d 6 doll s of th u a
mh w o ld h th w
e r oc e r an ars e
ca r p t b i ll
en er s h w
’
, o u c u e en o e
4 R lph p t 45 a t f fi h li 4 0 t f pol
s en ce n s or s n e s, ce n s or a e,
t f ho k H w m y t di d h p d
.
an d 9 ce n s or o s . o an ce n s e s en
5 T h th i d f J ly Joh p i d f
. e r fi o k 72 t u , n a or r e cr a c e rs c e n s,
for p i w h l n 10 t f b
ee s h of p t 9 t
c e n s, f or a u nc se r en s c e n s, or a
l w mt h 6 t H w m h did h p y f ll
s o a c ce n s . o u c e a or a
6 Th w 64 pl k
e re w d t of
e re lg 8 t of an s sa e ou on e o ou
th i d H w m y pl k W th
.
,
an oth d 9 e r, a nt of ou a r . o an an s e re e re
in a ll? S v of th pl k w e en d i p i i g b idg ; e se an s e r e u se n re a r n a r e
h w my w
o anl ft e re e
7 I f my d w 81 h i k 7 h
n a ar ar d 5t k y e re c c e n s, e n s, a n u r e s.
H w m y fow l w
.
o an i th y d A h w k t ok w y 3 of
s e re n e ar a o a a
th hi k
e c cd f i d ff 4 f th h
e n s, a n a H w my ox c a r r e o o e e ns o an
fowl mi d
.
s re a ne
8 Th w 67 p i g
e re tere d 7 oth ; e on s on on e r e e , an on an er
H w my w
.
b t 8 of th pi g o
u fl w w y e e ns l ft e a a . o an e re e
9 Ph i li p h bo ght b ok f 40 t p i l f 6
as u a o or c e n s, a e nc or
t omi k f 8 t d i k t d f 10 t I f
.
c e n s, s e n or c e n s, a n an n s an or ce n s
h d d t i p ym t h w m y
.
h g iv doll es a a r , or on e u n re c e n s, n a en o an
t ho ld b t d t h im
e ,
ce n s s u e re u r ne o
40 M E N T AL ARI T H M E T I C .
10 . A m
d of w ood i oth 7
an cu t in on e ot 2 9
l cor s , n an er ,
an d i oth 5 I f h old 4 o d t
n an p d 3 er e s c r s o on e e r s o n , an
to oth h w m y o d h d h mi i g
.
an e r, o an c r s a e re a n n
1 1 O F id y M D ol m d pl i ki t f 55 t
n r a r s. e a e a a n s r or c e n s,
om b tto h ol f 20 t d h m md h dk hi f
.
s e u n es or c e n s, a n e e a an e rc e
f
or 8 t H w m h di d h
ce n s i l
l
. o u c s e e ar n n a
12 O t of 83 t M D ol p t 10 t f b d 5
u c e n s, rs e s en ce n s or rea
t f m
. .
,
ce n s i lk 7 t f h i g d 9 t f pot t
or ce n s or e rr n s, a n ce n s or a oe s
H w m h m y h d h l ft
.
,
o uc on e a s e e
13 H w m y 47 + 2 + 6 + 3 7
o 6? an are — —
my
.
14 H ow an — 6 — 7 ?
w my
.
15 H o an — 5— 8 ?
my
.
16 . H ow an are — 7 — 9 ?
32 17 G ra c e d 26
r e c e iv e c e n s on t M on dy a and 15 ce n s t
my t
. .
on T u es dy
a H ow an ce n s di d sh e re ce iv e
my
.
H ow an are 26 an d 15
S ol
u ti on . 26 and 10 ar e 36 , a n d 5 m or e are 41 . A m . 41 c e n ts .
18pl t d 17 fl w I d i b
an e d 25 i oth o e r se e s n on e ox , a n n an er
H w my
. .
o d di d I pl tan se e s an
19 H w m y. t b h i 2 w if th
o an19 i cu rran u s es n ro s, e re ar e n
th fi t r w
e d 33 i th
rs d o a n n e se c on
k t 36 m
,
20 A t i d i N w " ra n i t p t 7 w 18 ue n e or a nu es as as
m t l t At wh t t i mdid i t i
.
,
i nu es a e . a e ar r v e
21 A fl i t ld 38 pl t t p
or s d 4 3 to so an s o on e e r s on , a n an
H w m y di d h
.
oth er llt b th
o an e se o o
22 H w m y
.
36 d 15o 26 35 34 27 an are an
23 H w m y
.
47 d 26o 28 27 25 18 an are an
24 H w m y
.
18 d 33o 19 57 27 29 an ar e an
25 H w m y
.
14 d 47o 38 46 39 27 an are an
26 H w m y
.
22 d 19o 46 29 54 28 an are an
27 H w m y
.
35 d 27o 15 2 8 47 36 an ar e an
28 H w m y
.
39 d 48 45 39 69 14
29 H w my
. o an are an
. 58 d 28o 39 23 26 58 an ar e an
A DD I T I ON AN D S U B T RA C T I ON . 41
30 M d odT od 32 m
il th e l
r a i r oa d mil 2 7 in
d 18 m
r. r e es on es a
my m
.
,
s t g
a e ,an il i es n h is o wn c a r r i a g e . H ow il an es did
he ri d e in l
al
H ow my an ar e 32 a nd 27 and 18
S ol
u tion 32 a nd 20 ar e 52 , an d 7 m ore a r e 59 59 an d 10 a re 69 ,
m m7 7
. .
an d 8 ore a r e 77 . A . .
31 . Flo G d
r e nce , J li
d doll f u fi a , a nd r a ce r e ss e s or a a r .
Flo d d 1 8 doll J li d e d 26 d G
r e nce r e s se d d s, u a r e ss a n rac e r e ss e
2 5 H w m y d ll di d l
,
o ld an o s a r e ss
32 I t i m
mi g hool h ll J
.
n r d 18 y d of tw i
n a sc - a a ne u se ar s ne ,
d 19 y d H w m y
.
,
M y d 27 y d d Joh
ar u se ar s, a n n u se ar s . o an
y d of twi di d ll
ar s ne a u se
33 H w m y 41 o 22 + 35 + 24
an are
34 H w m y
.
24 + 38
o 19 33an 18 38 are
35 H w m y
.
4 5 + 17 + 2 8
o 48an 29 39
36 H w m y
. are
. 16 o37 46 27an 36 18 ar e
33 37 A tov d l
. p i d 25 doll f f
s p
e t 2 ea er a ars or a u r nac e , u
doll w o th f w k po i t d th old i t f 42 doll

ars
’
r o or u n a n en s or ars.
H w m y doll
,
o di d h g i
an ars e a n
H w my o 42 l 27 an ar e e ss
S ol
u ti on . 42 l
e ss 2 0 are 2 2, l
e ss 7 m ore a r e 15 . A m . 15 .
38 h l p d H t hi d
P i i i g
an f 75 e c or re a ca r r a e or ce n s t
t f th m y d H t p id th
. .
Ph i l ip p i d 42 a ce n s o e on e a n e c or a e re s t
H w my
,
.
o t did H to p y
an ce n s ec r a
39 I l ft ho m t 2 7 m e i t p t 5o l k d t e a nu es as
’
c oc a n re u rne d
t 45 m t p t 5 H w my m
.
,
a i nu es i t w I go
as o an nu es as ne
om m d t 7 30 ; p
.
40 L t e c u re c t d th e nce a : a e r so n e n e r e e ha l l
H w my m
.
at 7 42 i t lt w h
o an nu es a e as e
41 H w m y
.
23 l
o 14 53 1 8
an 33 17 are e ss
42 H w m y
.
44 l
o 16 64 25 34
an 15are e ss
43 H w m y
.
35 l
o 18 35 16an 45 26
44 H w m y
. are e ss
46 l
o 27 76 49
an 66 29 ar e e ss
45 H w m y
.
57 l
o 38 84 28
an 57 39
46 H w m y
. ar e e ss
.
68 l s 29
o 9 3 47
an 83 4 5 ar e es
47 t r d 38 p g of h i to y M o d y d 28
M ar
g a re ea a es s r on a
d y H w m y p g did h
. n , an
on T u es d b th d y ?
a o an a es s e re a on o a s
48 A m h vi g 55 doll
.
p i d 16 doll t pan a n a r s, a ar s
H w mh m
. o on e e rson
and 18 t oth o y h d h lft

o an a
9 2 d y i th S p i g m
er . o uc ne e e
49 T h o th M h h
e re a re a s n e r n n s arc as
mi d H w m y d y
. .
31 d y Ap il 30 a d M y th s, r , a n a e re a n er . o an a s
50 h i ty p pil b l g to M W i ll d l i
T r -n i n e u s e on rs ar
’
s c a ss n
g og ph y I f 5 d w mp 17 i t t th b d d th
. .
e ra ra a s, re c e a e oar a n e
t h w m y it t th i
.
,
re s t t th i a e r se a s , t o an re c e a e r se a s
51 I g l h h t pl 28 f t h i gh bov th o f
. n a a e a c u rc s ee e ee a e e r o
w blow w y I f th oof of th hu h w 54 f t bov

as n a a . e r e c rc as e e a e
th g o e d h w hi gh w i t to th top of th st p l b fo
r u n , o as e e ee e e re
th gle a e
52 S ppo v l il 31 m u il t d th 16 m
se a il
e sse sa s e s e as , an en es
th b f om
.
w t i es , w h t di tion d h w f a wi ll h re c n an o ar s e en e r
wh h fi t t t d
e re s e rs s ar e
53 H w m h l th 100 i 57 pl 29
o u c e ss an s us
54 J m h d 87
.
t a d p id f
es l t 12 t
a d c e n s, a n a or a s a e ce n s, a n
H w my
.
f a b k t 17
or t as e t h d h l ft
ce n s o an ce n s a e e
55 S o m b y
.
g ht 1 9 p h
e 1 2 po 1 1 p i k l
s ca u d e rc ca r c e r e , an
l H w m y fi h di d ll t h T h y th w w y
.
, ,
9 e e s. o an s es a ca c e re a a
1 4 f th fi h o g v 17 t M S t w d old th mi d
e s e s, a e o rs o e ,a n s e re a n er.
H w m y did th y
.
o ll
an e se
56 G o g old 9 p f r18 t 21 f 2 5 t
e s d e ars or c e n s, or ce n s, a n
ll ? H w m h
e
t H w my p
.
24 f 36 or ce n s di d h . o an e a rs e se o u c
di d l lb i ga r n
57 Ho . h d tw 2 5 t pi
r a ce tw 10 at pi o -c e n e c e s, o -c e n e c e s , on e
5 - t pi
ce n d 3 t w i th w hi h h bo ght d wi g
e ce , an c e n s, c e u a ra n .
b k w o th 37 t p il W th 6 t d
oo r c e n s, a l w o th e nc or c e n s, an a ru er r
12 t H w m y t h d h mi i g
cen s . o an ce n s a e re a n n
58 M Oti i 65 y
. r. ld d h i w if i 57
s s H w ld e ar s o an s e s o o
w M
as Oti wh h i Wi f w 38
r. s en s e as
Q F d
“
i l
l i i d
or di ti d b
r t ti o t h t h
e x e r c se si n a on a n su ra c n, e e ac er s
e fe r r e d to page s 161 163

“
.
M ULT I FLI c a T I ON .
43
SECTION XV .
M U L T I PL I C A T I O N .
34 1f om2 to 24 T h
Add by 2 m b y h v’
s r e nu e rs ou a e
j t md whi h md p f 2 ml tipl f 2
. . .
’
u s na e , c are a e u o s, a r e u es o .
2 R p t th t bl f 2 th 2 i 2 ; tw 2 4;
’ ’
. e ea e a e o s, u s : on e s o s ar e
th 2
ree 6 t [
’
F T
s ar ebl p egc or a e s, se e a e
3 H w my
,
.
. t 2
o tw l 2 an l 2
ar e en
’
s e ve
’
s e e ve n
’
s
4 N mth mlt i pl
. a f 3 to 36
e e u es o .
5 R p t th t bl f 3
’
e ea e a e o s
6 H w my
. .
v 3 2 i 3
o an i ght 3
a r e se t 3 en
’
s
’
n ne
’
s e
’
s en
’
s
1 2 ti m 3 11 ti m 3
.
es es
7 N mth mlt i pl
. a f 4 t 48
e e u es o o .
8 R p t th t bl of 4
’
e ea e a e s
9 H w my
. .
i 4 i ght 4 4 v 4 ’ ’ ’ ’
o an t a re s x s e s en s se en s
9 ti m 4 11 t i m 4 12 t i m 4
.
es es es
10 N mth mlt i pl
. a of 5 to 60
e e u es .
11 R p t th t bl f 5 ’
e ea e a e o s
12 H w m y
. .
fi 5 ? i 5 ? t
’ ’
5
’
5 ?
’
o an are ve s se ve n s s x s en s
8 ti m 5 9 ti m 5 12 t i m 5 11 ti m 5
.
es es es 9
es
13 At 2 t pi wh t i th
ce n s o t of 12 p t ga e ce , a s e c s os a e
tm
.
s a p s
1 4 At 2 f
. t h w my k or a y b
ce n ,
y f 1 6 o an ca es can ou u or
c e n ts
15 . t dy 3 ho d y f
I f y ou 9 d y h w m y ho
s u u rs a a or a s, o an u rs
w i ll y h t di d
ou av e s u e
16 At 3 f
. t h w m y dl y b y f
or a c e n , o an ne e es can ou u or 8
t f 11 t
ce n s or ce n s
1 7 H w m y pi t p o b fill d w ith 1 1 q
an t n cu s ca n e e u ar s of
m
.
i lk
18 H w m y f t i 1 y d
. o in 7 y d d 2 f t
an ee n ar ar s an ee
44 M E N T A L A RI T H M E T I 0 .
19 H a rr v has a re c ta n g ul
a r . or
q o
-
u ar e c d rne r e fl o w e r -be d
my f t
. s ,
5 f t l g d 4 f t w id
ee on H w
, an f f i g ee e . o an ee o e nc n
wo l df
u th id th
e nc e d e s es e en s
20 Ell m b o id 4 ollop v y wo ki g d y H w
a e r e rs sc s e er r n a o
m y ollop do h m
. .
an sc b id i w k i f t ight ?
s es s e e ro er n a ee n a or n
2 1 Ch l h d 7 t ar e sd L h d 4 at H w c e n s, a n au ra a ce n s o
m y ppl o ld h b y t th t of 4 f
. .
an a es c u t e ac u a e ra e or a c e n
22 A t i gl h 3 id d3
r an gl H w m y id
e as s e s an an es o an s es
H w my
. .
d 8 t i gl
o hv r an es gl do 9 t i gl h v
a e o an an es r an es a e ?
23 A q h 4 q l id s H w m y li
u are w i ll b
as e ua s es o an nes e
q i d t mk 8 p t q
. .
re u re o a e se a ra e s u ar e s
24 H w m y l i
. w i ll b
o q i d to mk 10 p t
an ne s e re u re a e se ara e
t i gl
r an es
2 5 I f 1 fo k h
. 4 ti h w m y ti r h v h lf do
as n e s, o an ne s a e a a zen
f k
or s
26 L k h g 6 ppl f w l t t th t of 5
u e e xc an es a es or a nu s a e ra e
ppl H w m y w l t do h
.
w l t f
a nu s or a n a iv e o an a nu s es e r e ce e
H w my
.
27 T h 5 h l d y i e r e a rew k scho l oo a s n a ee o an sc o
th i t mf 12 w k
. .
d y
a s ar e e re n a er o ee s
28 M y h tt d d h l 7 w k d 3 d y R k
ar as a en e sc oo ee s an a s, ec
o i g w k 5 d y h w m y d y h h tt d d
.
n n a ee a s, o an a s as s e a en e
29 H w m y h lv
. o th i 1 ppl i 10 ppl
an a e s ar e e re n a e n a es
i 12 ppl
n d h lf
a e s an a a
30 H w m y th i d
. o th i 1 k i 10 k ?
an r s are e re n ca e n ca es
i 8
n k cad 2 th i d f oth k
t f om pi
e s an r s o an e r ca e
31 H w m y th i d
. of y d b an f r s o a ar can e cu r a e ce o
l th t i i g 9 d 1 th i d y d ?
c o c on a n n an r ar s
32 H w m y f th o q t th i 1 y d
an ou r s or u ar e rs ar e e re n ar
H w my q
.
o t an th i 5 d 1 q t y d I 6
u ar e r s a r e e re n an u ar e r ar s n
an d 3q t y d I 8 d2 q t y d
u ar e rs ar s n an u ar e rs ar s
33 J m h d 7 h t a f p p
es whi h ha ti q t s ee s o a e r, c e cu n u ar e r s
H w my q
. .
o t h t h dh
an u ar e r s ee s a e
34 H w m y fifth
. o th i 1 g i 5o g
an s are e re n or a n e n ra n es
35 J t o gh b y w t l i gh idi g to t 6 doll
H ow my boy w t
. u s en u o s en s e -r n c os a r s,
e ach b y p y i g 1 fifth f doll

o a n o a ar . an s en
M UL T I P131 C A T I ON .
45
35 t f om h d d to
36 C
h d ou n r on e u n re on e u n re d a nd te n ;
m h d d thi ty to h d d fifty
. .
fr o on e u n re r on e u n re
m
,
.
37 R d th follo wi g
ea b 102 ; 1 16 ; e n nu e rs : 125; 138 ;
1 4 5; 107
f omth
.
38 . I n w ic h h pl ac e r e ri ght ar e th e h d du n re s wr i tt en ?
39 .m h mltipl of 6 7 2
N a e t e u es to .
4 0 R p t h t bl
’
e f6 ea t e a e o s
mny
. .
i ght 6 ? fi
’
41 H
’ ’
ow 6 a are e s ve s se v e n 6 s ? n in e
1 1 t im 6 10 t i m 6 1 2 ti m 6
.
’
6
‘
s es es es 7
42 N mth mlt ipl

. a of 7 84
e e u es to .
4 3 R p t th t bl e f 7 ea e a e o
’
s
44 H w m y
. .
i ght 7 ? l
’ ’
o 7 ?
an i are e s te n s n ne 7 ’
s ? e ev e n
v 6 5 tim 7 7 ti m 5 tm7 ?
.
’ ’
i 7 ?
’
7 s s x s se en s es es 12 i es
45 N mth m
. lt i pl
a of 8 t 96
e e u es o .
4 6 R p t th t bl f 8
’
e ea e a e o e
my fi 8
. .
47 H ow 8 ? i
an are ve
’
s se v e n
’
s n ne 8s
’
e e lv en
8 ’
s 8 ti m 8 12 t im 8 es6 t im 8 es es
48 N mth mlti pl
. a of 9 to 108
e e u es .
49 p t th t bl f 9
Re ea e a e o
’
s
50 H w m y
. .
fo 9
o i 9 an ar e ur
’
s s x
’
s ght 9ei
’
s e e lv en
5 ti m 9 9 ti m 5 7 ti m 9 12 t i m 9
.
’
9 s es es es es
51 . Joh n ca n bu y 6 mbl ar es for a ce n t . H ow my m an ar
bl t f 10 t
h e bu y for 3 c e n s or ce n s
my
e s ca n
52 .h k g dy i
T e r e a r e 6 w or i nw k w a s n a ee . H o an
w or ki g d y n th i f t i ght i 4 w k
a s are ere n a or n n ee s
53 I f
. ho t 7 q t f t i d y h w my
a r se ea s u ar s o oa s n a a , o an
q u ar t w ill h t i w k
s e ea n a ee
54 At 8 t h w h t m t I p y f 6 hy i th
ce n s eac a u s a or ac n s
h wh t m t I p y f 3 t p
.
,
55 At 9 t ce n s e ac a u s a or o s
t q tf m
.
,
56 At 7
. i lk w h t w i ll b th
ce n s a t of 3 u ar or , a e e co s
q u ar t f g llo
s of 2 g llo s
o ad 3q ta n a n an u ar s
57 . H o w my q an u a r ts a re th e re i n 1 pe c k i n 3 pe e ks ? in
a bu s hl e
58 At 9 t . ce n s a q t wh t w ill p
u ar , a a eek of be r r i e s cost ?
“Th t w ill p k d 4 q t t "
my dy
a a ec an u a r s c os
59 If 3 m di g di t h i 6 d y
a n a s, i n h ow an a
m
e n ca n c
m di g
.
1 th e ?
my
an sa e
m
can
60 If 6 g t e a ton of c oa li n 8 dy a s, h ow an
l t 1 g t t th m t
. r a e s c on s u
dy a s w ou ld a to n as ra e a e sa e ra e
61 I h p fil d th w
n a 1 2o o w - ofeh p d 9 h i
e rell i e re r s o s,a n s n
h w H w m y hill w th
.
e re e re
th w 8 b y d 3 ti m m y gi l
e ac ro . o an s
62 I l n a c a ss e re e re o s an es as an r s
H w m y h i ld
.
.
w i th l e c a ss
9
t m
o an c re n e re n
63 I f h g 8m a il i
or s e h-c a d
r oe s es n an ou r , a n a s ea -
car
g 4 ti m f
.
oe s dy t l h i
e s as a r ,a n h h wf d ou rav e an ou r n e ac , o ar o
t l
m
y ou ra v e
6 4 I f i t q i 1 y d t k t d 7 y d t a a ve s , a n ar s o
mk l k h w m y y d w ill b q i d to mk 6
. re u re s ar o e
a e a c oa o an ar s e re u re a e
,
t d6 l k
v e s s an c oa s
65 J h d Ph i l i p h i d
o n bo t by th h
an If J h re a. a e ou r o n
d Ph il ip p i d 5 h w m h di d b th
. .
p id 4 t
a h ce n s a n ou r , a n a , o uc o
p y a f 2 h orf 7 h ou r s or ou r s
66 I f m b y pi ppl t 8 t p i a an u s d l
ne al es a ce n s a e ce , an se s
th m t 15 t p i h w m h do h g i
.
e a ce n s a 1 pi
e ce , o u c es e a n on ne
a ppl e5 pi ppl on nea es
67 I f b y 12 d ll a o w k d p d
e arns llb t 3 o ars a ee an s en s a u
d ll h w m y d ll d h p d i 4 w k
.
,
o a r s, o an o ar s oe s e s en n ee s
6 8 H w m y i th f o
p i an t h i 1
s xp i s H wo a e are e re n e o
my p
.
an b d w i th 4 p i
e r s on s c a n h t k i g 1 i th
e se r v e e s, e a c a n s x
f o
p i a H w m y e b od w i th 5 p ian d 4 i
can t h e se r ve e s an s x s
f o p i a t th m et a e sa e ra e
6 9 At i t h of d ll p i f h dk h i f h w
a s x a o ar a e ce or an e rc e s, o
m y h dk hi f
.
an I b y f
an 1 doll
e rc ef 4 doll
s can u or ar or ar s
70 H w m y . th of w k th i
o an se v e n w k s a ee ar e ere n on e ee
i 2n d 1 v th w k i 4 d 3
an se en th w k ee s n an se v e n s ee s
7 1 H w m y i th . o th i 1 i 2 i 6
an n n s ar e e re n n n
M UL T I PLI C A T I ON
’
.
36 . 72 mth mltipl of 10 to 120

. N a e e u es .
73 R p t th t bl
e f 10ea e a e o
’
s
N mth mlti pl
. .
74 . a of 11 132
e e u es to .
75 R p t th t bl of 1 1
e ea e a e
’
s.
H w my
.
76 . o tw l 10 l 10
an are e ve
’
s e e ve n
’
s te n 11
’
s "
tw e lv e 11 ’
s e e lv en 12 ’
s
77 mth mlti pl f 12 t 144

. N a e e u es o o .
7 8 R p t th t bl of 1 2
’
e ea e a e s
my
. .
79 H i ght 12
ow fi 12 v 12
an ar e
’
s ve
’
s se en
’
s
9 t i m 12 1 2 t i m 12
e
6 t i m 12
.
e lv
e 12
en
’
s es es es
80 At 10. t h h t wi ll 3 l m p h im y t
c e n s e ac ,
w a a c ne s c os
81 . t
At 10 h wh t w ill 2 dl o t 4 dl
ce n s e ac , a ca n es c s ca n es
h lfa do a dl z e n ca n es
82 I f . b l t i 2 b h l d 3 p k h w my
a arr e co n a n s us e s an ec s, o an
p k
ee w ill
s fill2 b l 5 b l ar re s arr e s
8 3 At 11 . t pi t h w m h will d l ce n s a i f n , o uc a ea er re ce ve or
a g lloa of y p
n s ru
84 H w m y y d of p i t w ill b
. o q i df 4d
an ar s r n e re u re or r e ss e s
of 12 y d h f 11 y d
ar h
s e ac o ar s e ac
85 W h t w i ll b th o t f 12 top t 1 1 t
a he e c s o s, a ce n s e ac
86 I f 1 1 pl m w i ll p y f g h w m y pl m
.
. 1 o u s a or ra n e, o an u s
w i ll p y f 7 o a g f or 10 o g ran es or ran es
87 I f q ti ty f b d w ill l t 10 p o 5 d y h w
a u an o re a as e r s ns a s, o
m y p o wo ld th m b d l t d y H w
.
an e rs ns u e sa e re a as on e a o
m y d y wo ld th mb d l t p
an a s u e sa e rea as on e e r son
88 T h . 12 i h iere foot h w m y i h
are nc es n a , o an nc es are
th i 3 f t
e re ny d ee or a ar
89 H w m y i h
,
. olo g i floo wh i h i 10 f t
an nc es n s a r c s ee
l g7on
90 H w m y m th o th i 1 y an i 2 y on s ar e e re n e ar n e ars
d 1 m th d 2 m th
.
an i 4 y on n e ars an on s
9 1 H w m y m th o th i 6 y an d 3m o th on s ar e e re n e ars an n s
d4 m
.
i 8 y
n o th
e ar s an n s
92 H w m y m . o th i 12 y
o d 6 m
an o th n s n e ars a n n s
5 6 8 7 9
37 3 B gi e n nin g at th e l ft gi e v e a t si ght th e nu m
b e r of
m
. .
,
hl a ves in e ac h nu b e r wr i tt bo en a ve ; th fou s, u r , te n , e i ght,
e tc .
I n th e sa mm gie a nne r ve
b T he nu mb f th i d er o r s I T he nu m
b er of se v e n th s
m m
. . . .
c T he nu b ff th er o ou r s g
'
T he nu b ghth e r of e i s
m m
. . . .
d The nu b f fifth er o s b T he nu b f i th er o n n s
m m
. . . .
e . T he b of i th
nu er s x s . r.
'
The nu b f t th er o en s .
9 8 5 7 3 6 1 2
j B gi i g t th i ght of th l i of fig w i tt a e
bov mltiply h m
. e nn n r e ne u re s r en
a e, b by 2 d dd 1 t th p od t
u e ac nu er an a o e r uc ,
na m i g lt ly ; th fi th thi t
n r e su t s on u s, ve , re e, r e e n, e c .
It .M lt i ply by 3 d dd 2 M lti ply by 7

u d dd 6 an a . 0 . u an a .
1 M lt i pl y by 4 d dd 3 p M ltiply by 8 d dd 7
u an a u an a
mM ltiply by 5 d dd 4 1 M ltiply by 9 d dd 8
. . . .
. u an a . ( . u an a .
M lt iply by 6 d dd 5 M lt i pl
u y by 11 d dd 9 an a . u an a .
38 9 3 H w m y
’
tw 2 0 tw 30 40
’ ’
50o an are o s o s s
’
s
94 H w m y
.
tw 1 5
’
. o an are o s
+ 2 0 , a nd two 5 s
’
T w o 10
’
u ti on
S ol . 15 10 5 s are are 10 ,
wh i c h a dde d T w o 15 s
’
. to 20 , i s 30 . An a . a re 30 .
95 H ow my an ar e tw o 2 5 s
’
35 s
’
45 s ’
my
.
96 H ow an ar e th ree 20
’
s 30
’
s 15 s ? ’
25s
’
my
.
97 H ow an are f ou r 15 s ’
20 ’
s 25 s ’
24 X 4 ?
98 H ow my an are fiv e 15 s ’
20
’
s 16 x 5 17 X 3
my d
.
99 . g w ill b q i d t
H ow lo
an ro s f fe n c i n
o e re u re o e nc se
q fi ld w h id 15 d l g ro s on
1 00 Am
a s u are e , os e s e s are
y bo ght 2 y d f l t 35 t y d du ar s o ace a ce n s a ar an
t y d H w m h di d h p y
.
,
2 y d t 18 ar s a ce n s a ar . o u c s e a
F d il l i i mlti pli ti or p g 1 6 4r e xe r c se s n u ca on , se e a e .
M I S C E LLAN E O US . 49
SE CTION X VI .
M I S C EL L AN E O U S .
39 . 1 . H ow m h h ld
u c s ou y ou p y
a fo r 2 ra bbi t s at 12
ce n t pi s a e ce , a n d p ig 2 e on s a t 10 ce n s a t pi e ce
2 A p e r son b ght ou 8 p e nci s l at 6 ce n s t

pi a e ce a nd 4
m h di d
.
,
q i
u re s of ppa er at 9 ce n t s a q u ir e . H ow u c h e pay
fo r both
3p o bo ght 6 q t f i g t 7 t q t
. A e rs n u u ar s o v ne ar a ce n s a u ar ,
an d 3p d f g t 9 t p d W h t di d h p y
ou n s o su ar a ce n s a ou n . a e a
for b th o
4 S ol bo ght 4 dfi h t 9 t p ion d 2 mk u l co s a ce n s a e ce , a n ac e re
H w m h did h p y f
.
a t 8 t pi ce n s a l
l e ce . o u c e a or a
5 Wh t t 4 h d f l tt t 10a t h d 6 po d
c os ea s o e u ce a ce n s a ea un s
of to mt
.
,
t 5 t p d d 2 p d f b f t 11
a oe s a ce n s a ou n , a n ou n s o ee a
ce n t p d s a ou n
6 A w b y bo ght 2 0 p p t2
ne t pi s d old u a e rs a ce n s a e ce, an so
th m t 3 t pi H w my
.
e a t d id h i
ce n s f a e ce o an ce n s e r e ce ve or
th m H w m y m th h p id
.
e o an or e an e a
7 A m h t t il h d 10 t H old 3 t 2 d ll
e rc an a or a ve s s e s a o ars
h d th mi d t 3 d ll h H w m h did
. .
e ac , a n e re a n er a o ars e ac . o u c
he r e c e iv e for al
l?
8 W i ll ia mi
f th i 4 ti m ld s 11 y e ar s old ; h is a er s es as o
m
.
,
an d 9 y H w ld i h i f th
e ars or e . o o s s a er
9 A th b ght 7 p d f d t t 1 2 t p d
r u r ou ou n s o a es a ce n s a ou n
t l ft H w m y t h d h t fi t
.
,
an d h d 7 a ce n s e o an ce n s a e a rs
If h m
.
10 M y h 37 fl w ar k 3b q t p t as o e rs s e a es ou u e s, u
h h w m y fl w w ill h h
. .
ti g 12 fl w i t
n o ers n o e ac , o an o e rs s e av e
l ft
e
1 1 W i ll i h 3 b d of h i k 2 h i g 12 h i k
e as r oo s c c e n s, av n c c e ns
gh to mk 39 hi k i ll H w
.
e ach d th th a n e o e r e n ou a e c c ens n a o
m y hi k h th thi d b ood
.
,
an c c ens as e r r
4
12 I h il
’
o h a d 50 ce n s t ; t thi
wi h s myh on e e bou ght l
H w my
.
p o d un s o f fig s at 12 c e n ts a p d ou n . o an c e n ts had
h l ft
e e
13 fl t $ 11
I b gh t 3 b
b l d ld
ou arre s l of ou r a a ar r e , an so
H w m y doll
.
th e whol f 1540
3 did I g i
e or o an a rs a n
m b i ld f
.
14 I f by w k i g 10 h d y or n ou r s a a a a n ca n u a e nc e
i 3 d y i h w my d y
.
n a h b i ld i t by w ki g l
s, n o an a s ca n e u or n
h ou r a da y
Joh
15 w o d f w ood i 5 d y by w o ki g 2
n ca n sa a c r o n a s r n
h d y b t h wi h t w i t i 1 d y H w my
.
ho u r s e ac a u e s es o sa n a o an
m t h w k th t d y
,
.
h ou r s u s e or on a a
1 6 T w m go f m th mpl o d t v l i oppo it
en ro e sa e ac e an ra e n s e
t v l 3m 4 m
.
di tio re c O il
ns ho. d th oth ne il ra e s e s an u r ,a n e er es
an ho H w f p t w ill th y b t th d of 1 h
u r. o ar a ar e e a e en ou r
?
of 2 ho f 5 ho u rs o u rs
17 T w m t t t th m pl o d t l i th
en s ar a e sa e ac e , an ra v e n e
m di ti t f2m
.
sa e t th rec il ho d th
o n , on e a e ra e o es an u r, an e
th t th t of 12 m
.
o er a il ho H w f
e p t will
ra e es an ur . o ar a ar
th y b i 1 ho
e i 2 h e i 4 ho
n u r n ou r s n u rs
18 L 72 t i d y Ad 6 0 t H w
mh m
. au r a e a rns ce n s n a a , a ce n s . o
u c o d L th A d i 1 d y i 9
re oe s au ra e arn an a n a n
dy a s
19 J i h .ld 2 q t f pb i to M L m
os a so bf u ar s o ra s e rr e s rs . a or
27 t d 3 q
ce n s, a n t to M H w i t 11 t q t u ar s rs e ns a ce n s a u ar
H w my
. .
o t di d h i
an f hi pb i
ce n s e r e ce v e or s ra s e rr e s
20 A m h t h d 7 b l of fl e rch old 5 b lan a arr e s ou r : e s a rr e s
b l d th mi d t $ 1 1 b l H w
.
t $ 12
mh did h
a a arre , an e re a n er a a a rr e . o
u c i f th lot e r e ce v e or e
2 1 Alf d h d 63 t ; h p i d 20 t f
re b kt
a ce n s e a ce n s or a as e
H w my
.
,
an d b ght 3 ppl t2
ou t pi a t h d es a ce n s a e ce . o an ce n s a
h l ft
e e
22 J ph di t i b t d 5 h d d h dbi ll t 10 t
ose s r u e u n re an s a ce n s a
i vi g i p ym t 4 p
.
h d d
u n re r e c e d of i t 9 n t n a en ou n s r ce a ce n s
ti m o y H w mh m
,
a po d d th u n , a n o y di d h e res n ne . o u c ne e
r e ce v e i
M I S C E LLA N E OUS .
51
23 m h t bo ght 6 b
A e rc an u ar r e s l of p k or at $ 12 b l
d g v i p ym t 5 o d of
. a ar r e ,
an a e n a en w ood t 8 11 ad d th
ti m
c r s a cor
o y H m y doll d id h p y i m
, an e
re s n ne . ow an ars o y e a n ne
24 I f y ho ld 10 ou s u e arn ce n s a n t ho f 5 ho v y ur or u rs e
m
er
f omM o d y m
.
da y h, y owt o ld y an ce n s w u ou e ar n o i g
r n a rn n
to W e dn e sd a y ni ght
25 Ag d t t 5 o w of t w b
ar y pl t 13 i
e n e r se ou r s s ra e rr an s
H w m y pl t di d h
.
n
a w
ro d 6 pl t b i d
a n an s t es es o an an s
m
, . e se
26 I f y ho ld 40 doll ou o th d p d 29
s u e arn ar s a n an
h w m y doll
. s en ,
o w o ld y
an v i y ars u ou sa e n a e ar
27 I h ll 12 tt w i th 5 p o
. n a a h 4 wi th
are se ees e rs n s on e ac ,
8 p oe r s ns h 3 w ith 4 p on h d 5p
e ac o e r son s on e ac a n e rs ns
t di g H w m y i th h ll ?
, ,
ar e s an n o an are n e a
mof th g of 6 b y h 8 y
.
2 8 W h t i th
. a s e su e a es o s e ac e ars
old 5 b y, h9y o old d 2 boy

s e ac h 10 y old e a rs ,
a n s ea
c
e ars
2 9 W h t i th
. o t of 3 k i a t 25 t h 2b
s e c s n ve s a ce n s eac
,
ox e s
of p t 30
e ns a t h d 1 q i of p p t 12 tce n s e a c ,
a n u re a er a ce n s
30 O M o d y G i lb t n d 20 t ; n T dy h
a er e arn e ce n s on u es a e
mh
.
d t wi
e ar n e M o d y;
ce d W d d y n a an on e ne s
mh h
as u c a s on a as
u c d as M o d y d T d y b th H w a an u es a o
m h did h
e e a rn e on n . o
u c i l
l e e arn n a
31 ; M lti ply th mof 5 d 9 by th i diff

u e su an e r e r e nce
h w my
.
32 T h 5 pl 4 pl 2 l
re e 7 ’
s, u s us e s s a r e o an
9 mlti pl i d by 6 l h w my
.
, , ,
33 Fo 3 l u r 2
’
s, e s s u e e s s are o an
34 H w m y 5 mltipl i d by 7 l
.
, , ,
o 2 l an 9 pl 6 are u e e s s e ss u s
35 H w m y 6 mlti pl i d by 5 pl
.
, , ,
. o 7 l
an 9 ar e u e , u s , e s s
36 M lti ply 5 by 4 dd 2 dd 2 u bt t 6 bt t 3 a a s u ra c s u ra c
bt t 8 mltiply by 2 dd 3 H w m y h v y
.
, , , , ,
su r ac u a o an a e ou
dd 3 mlt iply by 5
, ,
.
37 T k 7 a e bt t 20 dd 5 t k
a u s u r ac a a e
bt t 8 dd 3 H w m y h y
, , , , ,
aw y 9 a su r ac a o an av e ou
m m m
, , .
38 T h i k of y b l n th 8 lt i ply th tan nu er e ss an u a nu
by 4 dd 4 bt t 3 t im th m
.
,
b er a b y tho ght of es e nu er ou u
m
, , su r ac ,
add 7 dd 1 dd th a b y tho ght of t k w y 7

a e nu er ou u a e a a
m b y tho ght of W h t m
, , , ,
subt t twi thr ac ce b

e nu er ou u . a nu er
hv ya e ou
SECTION X VI I .
FAC T OR S AN D M U L T I PL E S .
40 1 W ha t tw ob mltipl i d tog th mk
m nu e rs u e e er a e 12 ?
m h v md f t of 12
. .
T he nu b e rs y ou a e na e are a c ors .
N T T h e word fac tor m mk S er . o a fa c tor of a n u m

b i
m
e a ns a a er s
m
O E
m m
.
a n y nu b er wh ic h , be i n g li pliud witl
l k h e , a e t at n u b er .
2 N a mt e wo f to
ac rs of 12 diff e re n t f omthor se y o u fi
r st
md
.
na e
m y f t f 10 N mtw f t of 6
.
3 N a e an a c or o a e o a c or s
N mtw f t
. . .
4 . af 24 W h t oth f to h
e o ac or s o . a er ac rs as 24
N a mtw f t w hi h mltipli d tog th

e o a c or s c , u e e e r,
5 M
. . k a e 64 8 M k 32 ; 7 2 ; 8 ; 2 4 ; 14 . . a e .
6 . M k 10 ; 21 ; 60 ; 81 ; 9
a e 9 M k 12 ; 30 ; 35 ; 8 0 ; 56 . . a e .
7 . M k 1 8 ; 7 0 ; 15 ; 20 ; 49
a e 10 M k 9 0 ; 28 ; 54 ; 4 5 ; 50 . . a e .
W h t i th l g t mlt ipl
a s e ar es u e
1 1 Of 2 i 7 ? i 15 ? i 1 9 ? i 2 3 ?
. n n n n
1 2 Of 3 i 10 ?
. i 2 6 ? i 37 ? i 31 ? i 2 9
n n n n n ?
13 Of 4 i 1 7 ? i 2 5
. i 31 i 37 ? i 4 5 ? i 50 ?
n 11 ? n ? n n n
1 4 Of 5 i 2 7 ? i 32 ? i 39 ? i 46 ? i 58
. n i 63 ? n n n n ? n
1 5 Of 6 i 31 ? 2 8 ? 4 5
. 37 ? 57 ? 64
n 50 ? ? ?
16 Of 7 i 2 5 ? 38 ? 29
. 46 51
n 60 ? 7 2 ? 86 ? ? ? ?
17 Of 8 i 2 7
. 35 4 6 ? 8 1 63 65? 7 4 ? 51 ? 90 ? 1 00
n ? ? ? ? "
18 Of 9 i 2 2 ? 30 ? 50 4 0 ? 7 4 65 86 ? 9 7 ? 100 ? 10 9 ?
. n ? ? ?
19 Of 11 i 2 6 ? 38 ? 59
. 4 5 69 89 ? 82 ? 100 ? 1 2 2 ?
n ? ? ?
20 Of 12 i 2 7
. 4 9 ? 38 7 0 85 99 n “O 133 1 50 ?
? ? ? ? ? ? ?
21 . Of 15 i n 4 5 ? 6 3 ? 80 ? 24 . Of 4 0 i n 90 ? 130 ?
22 . Of 20 i n 72 ? 84 ? 105 ? 25 . Of 50 i n 7 5? 130 ?
23 . Of 25 i n 7 0 80 ? 1 10 26 . Of 60 i n 90 ? 2 00 ?
D I VI S I ON . 53
SECTION X VI I I .
D I VI S I O N .
41 h t p y t k i 2 f t i l gth h w m y
1 If eac s e ou a e s ee n en o an
t p d y t k i w lki g 20 f t 22 f t H w m y
. .
,
s e o a e n a n ee ee o an
t p m t y t k to m
s ou
s 40 f t a e a su r e ee
H w m y ti m m t I pply
e s u s ou e
2 . o 2f t an l t m es u s a a - oo ru e o e a su r e
16 f t 24 f t
ee ee
3 I h b k t th t hold j t 3 pi t H w m y
ave a as e a s u s n s o an
t i m m t I filli t to m
. .
es u s1 8 pi t 24 pi t e a su r e n s n s
4 H w my y d oth i 2 7 f t i 33 f t
an ar s ar e e re n ee n ee
5 H w m y g ll
.
o th i 32 q t i 40 q t
an a on s a r e e re n u ar s n u ar s
6 H w my m h mt b t k w y
.
f l of 4 ti k
o an ar s e ac u s e a en a a
m
. u s s c
t o re ov pil of 4 8 ti k e a f 44 ti k e s c s o s c s
7 I p o io n36 b y w lk i g i
a r k of 4 boy
c e ss n a re o s a n n ra n s s
h H w my k
.
e ac . th o an ra n s ar e ere
8 I f th 36 boy ho ld w lk i k of 6 boy h h w
my k w ld th b
. e s s u a n ra n s s e ac , o
an ran s ou e re e
9 I f th 36 boy
. ho ld w l k i e k of 9 h w m y s s u a n ran s ,
o an
ra n k wo ld th b
s u e re e
10 I f i t i 5 f t o d th i mf w h l h w m y t i m
m t th w h l t i goi g 4 5 f t 55 f t
. s ee r un e r o a ee , o an es
u s e ee u rn n n ee ee
11 H w m y f . y ti k t t fi
o t h
an y b ye rr - c e s a ve ce n s e ac c an ou u
f or25 t f 50 t ce n s or ce n s
12 I f ho go m il i 5 m a i t h w my m
r se c a n il a e n nu e s. o an es
60 m
.
ca n h g i h e oi t n an ou r , or nu es
13 I f y h g 24 fig f l m ou o t th t f 6
exc an e s or e n s, a e ra e o
fig f 1 l m h w m y l m d y
.
s or e
g t
on , o an e on s o ou e
14 Allow i g 6 p . to d h w m y od n th i ac e s a ro , o an r s ar e e re n
48 p i 72 p
ac e s n a ce s
15 H w m y 6 th i 4 2 i 54 i 66
o an
’
s are e re n n n
16 H w m y w k
.
. th i 28 d y i 63 d y
o an ee s ar e e re n a s n a s
17 Am o w d l of l d h vi g f o t g of 84 m
an ne d a ot
w m y ho
an a n a r n a e s .
I n to h o lot h h vi g
an f o t g of 7 du se - s, e a c a n a r n a e ro s,
o ld h di id
u v it
my 7
c e e
18 H ow an
’
th in 35 in 4 9 i n 42
my
. s a re e re
19 . At 7 ce n s t a y ar d, h ow an y d of
ar s p r i n t can be
bou h g tf or 56 t ce n s t fo r 7 7 ce n s
20 A gl i d 40 p of gl p tti g 8 p i t
az e r u s e an e s a ss, u n an es n o
H w m y w i dow w
.
ea h wi do w
c
n . gl do an n s e re aze
2 1 Ho h d g o gh pot t to fill p k b k t
race as u en u
H w my b h l h
a oe s a ec as e
32 ti m
.
es h d g
22 H w my 8
. o an us e s as e u
o th i 24 i 4 8 i 56
an
’
s are
2 3 I 64 g i ll h w m y q
e re n n n
H w my g l
.
n t s lo ?
24 H w m y 9
. o an u ar s o an a ns
th i 2 7 i 63
o an
’
s ar e e re n n 9
k h w m y t will b y
.
25 I f 1 . t w ill b y 9 ce n u c rac e r s, o an ce n s u
54 k
c ra c 81 k ers 72 k c r ac e rs c ra c e rs
26 I f b fi l ob on e b bo ght fu 9 d ll
a o r h e ca n e u or o ar s, o
m y ob
.
an b bo ght f 108 doll

r e s ca n e u or ars
2 7 H w m y 10 o t pi q l 40 t 9 0 t ?
an -c e n e ce s e u a ce n s ce n s
28 M y i 11 y old d h f th i 44 y 1 an er a er s e ar s 0
H w m y ti m
. ar s e ar s
o old M y i h f th
an e s as as ar s er a er
2 9 El . h lf y d mk eve n d H OW m y
a - d E ar- s a e a ro . an ro s art
th i 33 h lf y d
e re n a - ar
30 H w m y 11
s
o th i 22 i 110 i 1 21
an
’
s are ere n n n
k i t 1 2 t im
.
31 S h ar a ca nd h to ki g i 1 ho
n e s a r ou n er s c n n u r.
I h w m y ho h k it 4 8 t im o d 60 ti m
.
n o an u r s ca n s e n e s ar u n es
d 7 2 t im
a r ou n es
32 I f Ch l 12 t i
ar e s ho h w m y
ca n e arn ce n s n an u r, o an
ho m t h w o k t
.
u rs u s gh t b y l d w th 120
e r o e ar n e n ou o u a s e or
t
ce n s
33 H w m y o m
. o h 12 f t w i d
an th b
r o s, e a c ee e , ca n e re e on
on e si d of h ll 84 f t lo g
e a a ee n
34 H w m y y oi 96 m o th i 108 m
an o th e ars n n s n n s
t of m i l i 12 m t h w my m
.
35 At th. e i
ra e il a e n nu e s, o an es
c an a d g t t i 1 h
o ro n ou r
36 H w m y 12
. o th i 14 4 i 132
an
’
s are e re n n
DI VI S I ON . 55
42 . Gi v e a t si ght an s w e r s to th f llowi g
e o n
1 . ii . ii i . iv .
s 21 = 3 X ? 36 = ? X 6 54 = 6 x ? 81 = 9 x ?
-
s 22 : 2 X ? 36 9 X ?: 55 = 5 X ? 84 = ? X 7
s 36 = 3X ? 56 — 9
X 7 88 : 8X ?
a 24 = 3 X ? 40
w 24 : 6 X ? 40 = 8 X ? 60 — 9
X 6 96 = 8 x ?
1
" 25 = ? X 5 4:2 = 7 X 9 99 = 9 X ?
e 27 = ? X 9 40 = 5 X ? 64 = ? X 8
-
s 28 : 7 X ? 66 = 6 x ?
t‘
70 = ? x 7
a 30 : 3 X ? 72 = ? X 6 1 20 = ? X 12
r 32 = 8 X ?
49 = ? X 7 77 : 7 x ?
50 = ? X 5
48 : 8X ?
56 = ? X 8 10 8 — 9
x l2
96 : 12 X ? 60 : 12 X ? 110 = 1 0 X ?
:
"
3
o
t a
I
I
o
t X 50 2 -
25 l 7 5: 15 X ?
4
5 42 = ? X 3 51 : 3X ?
9 52 = ? X 13 80 — ?
X 2
3
5 48 = ? X 3 =
GO 4 X 9
3 52 : 4 X ?
65 = 5 x ? 100 — 9
x 4
43 my p o
37 h o ti i g 2 y d
H ow an a r n s, e a c c n a n n ar s, c a n
Ad mmk f o m m d h w my
. .
M r s. 25 y d
a f bis a e r ar s o ca r c, an o an
y d ar s wi ll sh e h v l ft ?
a e e
38 If M Kn p t 5 p
d of b tt in to e ac hb
my
r a e u s ou n s u er ox ,
m y bo
. .
h ow an x e s ca n he fill w i th 62 po d u n s, a n d h ow an
p ou n d s w i l be l l ft e
39 H o w my q t th
an u ar s are ere in 2 3 i n p t s
w m y g ll
.
40 H o i 38 q
an a on s n u ar s t i n 51 t q u ar s
w my b h l b k t
.
41 . H o an u s e as e s ca n be fill d w i th
e 50 p k ec s
of b e an s
56 M EN T A 1 . ARI T H M E T I 0 .
42 H ow my p k b k t b
an s ca n e fil
le d th 60 q t f wi u ar s o
my q mt
. ec as e
c ra n b e r r ie s H ow an u a r ts u s a b k t hold t o t i
as e o c n a n
th e r e mi d a n er
43 . At 6 ce n s t e ac h , h ow my p an e nci s l ca n y ou bu y for
50 c e n ts
44 H ow m y do an ze n e g g s are th e re i n 80 e gg s, a n d h ow
m y gg b id
.
an e s es es
45 I f y ou bu y a s m y h dk hi f
an an e rc e s at 10 ce n s e a c t h as
t f th m
.
y o u p d th
c a n for 7 5 c e n s , t and s en e re s o e on e yf or
th d h w m h d y p d f th d
re a o uc o ou s en or rea
p i d m h f th d bt
,
4 6 O w i g 42 d ll
. M G n o a r s, rs . re e n a as u c o e e
as p ibl i 5 doll bill d th

oss e t i 1 doll bill H w
n - ar s an e re s n - ar s o
m y b ill of h o t did h
.
an s e ac s r s e u se
47 I f b ild h 37 h ad 3 tou w i dow

er as sa s e s, a n u se s a n
h w m y wi d w f i h d h w my h
.
,
o h
an n o s ca n e u rn s a n o an sa s es
mi
,
w ill re a n
48 I J y w hi h h 31 d y
n h w m y f ll
a n u ar c as a s, a r e o an u
d h w m y d y b id
.
,
w k
ee s, a n o an a s es e
4 9 S ppo 1p d f ff t m
u 38 t bl p
se fl ou n o co ee o e a su r e a e -s oo n u s,
y d y h w my d y
.
an d 5 t bl poo f l t b a d -
e s n u s o e u se ever a o an a s
d l t d h w m y poo f l w ill b l ft
,
w ill 1 po u n as , a n o an s n u s e e
44 . Gi v e a t 8 1g h t a n s w e r s to th followi g e n
i . ii . ii i . iv . v .
a . 12 x 1 0 90 - 6 96 2 8 — - 72 1 9 -—
b . 17 — 9 16 x 5
0 . 8 x 7 9 x 8 83 —
19 108 —
z-
12
d 7 x 6 83 - 18 26 — 19
54 4 - 6
f 11 x 12 75 —
2 -
3 64 —
27 65 —
5
‘
g . 56 -
8 13 — 8 55 — 17 4 5 —2- 5
b . 11 >< 1 1 15 — 8 9 x 12
j 39 — 12 37 15 67 28 43 17
For fu r th e r e x e rc i se s i n D i vi si on , se e a ge
p 165 .
M UL T I PLI C A T I ON AN D DI VI S I ON . 57
SECTION XIX .
M U L T I PL I C A T I O N AN D D I V I S I ON .
45 G g old 6 bo
1 e or t 3 e s t pi ; h w m y xe s a ce n s a e ce
th m W ith th m
. . o an
cen t did h s iv f e r e ce e o yh
or iv d
e e ne e re ce e
h bo ght o
e u g t 2 t pi ; h w m y o g di d
ra n es a ce n s a e ce o an ra n es
h b y
e u Si 3 q l h w my 2 x
’
s e u a o an
’
s
2 If I h g t 3 t po t g t m
e xc an e p f 2 t tm
en —
ce n p s a -
e s a s or -c en s a
h w my 2
s,
t tm
.
o an p do I-c e n iv s a T 3 q lh w
s re c e e en
’
s e u a o
my 2 an
’
s
3 H w my 5 o t pi an w o ld i t t k -c e n to p y f 10 e ce s u a e
m k t 3 t pi
a or
q l h w my 5
.
’
c re a -
ca es a T 3
ce n s a e ce en s e ua o an
’
s
4 M D w r w lk 4 m o il c an h ; h i ho a go es an ou r s r se c an
8 m
. .
il ho
es B y w lk i g M
an u r D w h t i n r o can r e ac a ce r a n
m
. a , .
p l acei 6 ho n; h w l g w i ll
u rs i t t k h i o i f h i
ond ? a e e r es
S i ti m 4 q l h w m y t i m 8
x es e u a s o an es
5 H w m y 10 d oll
. o bill w ill i t t k to p y f 12 p i
an - ar s a e a or a rs
f b oot t 5 doll pi
h g d2l w m
o s a ar s a a r
6 I exc anow e t 12 doll a hf h

n ers a a rs e ac or ar
H w my
.
t 8 doll t t did I g t e
7 H ow m y o w of t
n e s se s a a r s a se . o an se s
an h vi g 6 t r s i h w r e e s, a n re e s n e ac ro
m4
. ,
ca n b t f o
e se o w hr i g 1 2 t i
r h s w av n re e s n e ac ro
8 H w m y p
o d of anh t 9 ou n t spo d w i ll
c e e se , a ce n s a un ,
m
.
f 3 t bl t 1 2 t h ce n s e ac
m
e r s, a
m
or u
p y a
9 I f
.
ho t v
a l 6 i lr se ho ra i h w
e s y h e s an u r, n o an ou r s
h t l f rave i l w y
as t i go i
ar as a ra 3 ho th a r a n ca n n u rs, e
l tt goi g t th t of 20 m
ca n e
a er n a il h
e ra e e s an ou r
10 W h h t t en c w o t h $ 5
e s nu b l d
s ar e o l $ 1 0 r a arre an c a a
h w m
. ,
ton , yo b l of an h t t w i ll
arr e s p y f 6 to c f e s nu s a or ns o
c o al
11 If 4 gg e q ir e d f s ar e r u or a po d u n of c a k e, h ow my an
b m
. e
p ou n d s ca n d with 3 do
e a e zen e gg s
9
12 M r Si m
m s ca n b ild h i m y i 12 d y by wo ki g
u a c ne n a s r n
w m y d y w il
li t t k h i mif h w k
. .
6 ho u rs a da y . H o an a s a e e or s
9 ho u rs a da y
13 . o k t 10 t
H ow h m y ho
wi ll p y
an u rs
’
w r , a ce n s a n ou r, a
f 5 y d of
or h t 12 t y dar s c ra s , a ce n s a ar
14 A w b y old 12 p p t 3 t ne p i ds3 o s a e rs a ce n s a e c e , an
W i th th m
.
pp a t 4 t pi
e rs a o y h iv d h
ce n s a e ce e ne e r e ce e e
bo ght m t t 8 t po d H w m y po d of mt
.
u ea a ce n s a un . o an u n s ea
d id h e b u y
15 A m p d an s en s f or c a r - t i k t 30 t
c e s ce n s a da y , th e ti c kt
e s
m y ti k t d
.
bi ge n 5 t
ce n s h eac . H ow an c e s oe s he b u y in 6
d y a s
16 C kh Mjg wr h i h i t o t 5
oo6 t t g t fill d
as a u c c s s ce n s o e e
t q t ; h w m y q t d it
. .
wi th y p w o th 7 s ru r a u ar an uar s oe s
hold H w m y q t w ill i t t k t fillth j g 8 ti m ?

ce n s o
o an u ar s a e o e u es
17 I w i h t . t i 4 w i d w w i th m l i h i g 2
s o cu r a n n o s u s n, av n ou r
t i to h w i dow I f h t i i 3 y d lo g h w
a ns e ac s ar s n o
m y y d mt I b y d h w m y doll h ll I p y
n . eac cu r a n ,
an ar s u s u , a n o an ar s s a a
f
or i t t th t of 1 doll f
, a y4y d
e ra e ar or e v e r ar s
18 I f h i 8 t q t d 50 t p k
c e rr e s ar e ce n s a u ar an ce n s a ec
h w mh m
.
,
o o y d I v by b yi g h lf a p k of h i
u c ne o sa e u n a ec c e rr es
a to i t d f b y i g th
nce , ns ea mq ti ty by th q t o u n e sa e u an e u ar
19 Fi d th t f mt i l f q t of l m
n e o j lly if
c os o a er a s or a u ar e n- e
t m
.
,
o k 3 p i t it q i 1 b of g l ti
a e n s t 25 t re u re s ox e a ne a c e n s,
4 l m e t 15 t d
on s a d h lf po d f g t ce n s a oz e n , a n a a u n o su ar a
12 t p d
ce n s a ou n
20 H w m y m
.
. l t 25
o t han Sid y g t f e on s a ce n s e ac ca n ne e or
9 d v o t 8 t h d h i k w o th 30 t
es a ce n s eac an a c c en r ce n s
21 M G y
. ld 6 p i of b t t 5 d ll
r . re p i so d a rs oo s a o ar s a a r an
2 p i t 3 doll
a rs d to k h i p y i h i d
a t 4 dolla r s, a n o s a n es a a rs
a pi H w m y hid
e ce di d h g t ? o an e e
q l h w m y 10 h w m y 6
. es
2 2 F i v 12 ’
’ ’
e s e u a o an s o an s
q l h w my 5 h w my 8
.
23 Fo 10 ur
’
s e ua o an
’
s o an
’
s
m m
.
24 T h 10 q l h w re ey 6 h w y 5 ’
s e u a o an
’
s o an
’
s
q l h w m y 12 h w my 6
.
25 N i 8. ne
’
s e ua o an
’
s o an
’
s
DI VI S I ON . 59
SECTION XX .
D I V I S I ON .
46 J m d Joh h i d bo t t g th g
1 gt
r e e in
w m
. . a e s an n re a a o e e r, a o
s h th o t q lly I f th o t w 24 t h
are e c s e u a . e c s as c e n s, o a y n
t ho ld h p y
m
ce n s s u ea c a
B y w h t do y di vi d to fi d 1 h lf of
a b ou e n a a nu er
2 Wh a t i s l h al
f of 22 ? of 26 ? of 28 ?
m
.
3 . H tti
a e h ad 40 t
c e n s, a n d s p t h lf of en a her o ne yf or a
l
s a te . Wh a t w a s th e c s ot o fh lt
er s a e
4 . W ha t i s 1 h alf of 60 of 80 of 100
5 . Wha t is l h al of 7 0 ?
f of 30 ? of 50 ? of 90 ?
6 . Wh a t i s
th l gth of 1 h lf f o d 25 f t lo ge en a o a c r ee n
7 . W ha t i s
1 h lf of 2 1 i h of 23 i h a nc es nc es
8 . W ha t i s
1 h lf f 33 of 4 5 of 65 a o
9 Th gi l di id d 24 y d of ibbo q lly m
ree r s v o g e ar s r n e u a a n
th mlv H w m y y d di d
.
e se es h o i an ar s eac re ce ve
m
.
By wh t do y divi d to fi d 1 th i d of
a ou b e n r a nu er
10 I f 25 y d h d b
. di i d d q lly m
ar s o g th 3 a een v e e ua a n e
g i l w
r s, h t w o ld h v b
a t h h ofu h a e een e s are e ac
1 1 W h t i 1 thi d of 2 7 ? of 30
. a of 36 of 63 ?
s r
1 2 W h t i 1 th i d of 2 8
. aof 32 of 37 f 65
s r o
13 Wh t i 1 thi d of 60
. aof 90 of 63 of 66
s r
14 W h t i 1 th i d of 93
. aof 99 of 4 5 of 7 5
s r
15 M H w i di vi d d 28
r of l d q lly m
e ns o g hi e acre s an e ua a n s
H w my
. .
4 s on s di d h
o i an a cr e s e ac son r e c e v e
of l d q ally m
.
16 I f M . H w i divid d 30 r . e ns o g e acr e s an e u a n
h i 4 d ght
s wh t w
au th h of he r s, a as e s ar e e ac
1 7 W h t i 1 fo th of 2 4
. a f 32 sf 36 ? of 44 ur of 40 ? o o
1 8 W h t i lf
. th of 2 5 ? of 33
a of 39 ? f 4 6 ? of 4 1 ?
s ou r o
1 9 W h t i 1 fo th of 6 0
. aof 80 7 f 84 7 of 88 f 100
s ur o o
20 t
A ea mi d i 35 mil i
s r ve n es n 5 ho u rs . Wh at di t s ance
doe s t go i
r n 1 ho ? ur
21 Fi ve m h d 33 d ll
en s are o a rs e q llyua a m
o g th mlv n e se
hm h
. es .
“lh a t wa s e ac
’
an s s are
22 . W ha t i s l fifth of 25 ? of 45 ? of 50 ? of 60 ? of 55 ?
23 . W h a t is l fifth of 2 6 ? of 4 7 ? f 53 ? f 6 4 ?o o of 57 ?
24 m do p i
If 1 an ca n a e ce of wo k i 18 d y hr n a s, ow l on
g
w i ll i t t k 6 m to do i
.
a e en t
25 I f
. a t h e ac er e arn s 29 doll ars in 6 dy a s, h ow mh uc c an
he e arn in 1 da y
26 . ht
W a i s 1 s ix th f 30 ? f 4 2 f 54 ? f 6 6 ? f 7 2
o o ? o o o ?
27 . Wh t i a s 1 i th of 32 ? of 4 3 ? of 59 ? of 67 ? of 7 4 ?
s x
28 . Wh e n th bo d f
e fm
ar ily i 42 doll
or a w k wh t
a s ar s a e e ,
a
is th e p r i ce p e r da y
29 M r. J a m es e a r ns 30 doll ar s a m
o th n If he sa v es 1
mh d
. .
se v th of wh t h
en a e e a rn s, h ow u c oe s he sa v e
30 W h t i 1
. a s se v e n th of 49 ? of 63 ? of 7 0 ? of 7 7 ? of 84 ?
31 W h t i 1
. a s se v e n th of 50 of 65? of 7 2 of 80 of 90 ?
32 t m g v l k oll
I f wi th 1 b
ea m ov d i 32
a ra e n ca n e re e n
d y i h w my d y mo d w i th 8 t m
.
a s, n o it b an a s can e re ve ea s
33 I f 1 m d p i of w o k i 44 h
a n ca n h w lo g
o a e ce r n ou r s , o n
l i t t k 8 m to d it
.
w il a e en o
34 W h t i 1 i gh th f 24
. a of 56 ? of 7 2 ? f 64 ? f 8 8 ?
s e o o o
35 W h t i 1 i ghth f 25
. a sf 6 0 ? f 7 5? f 65? of 9 0
e o ? o o o ?
36 W h. 9 h i ent 2 7 d ll w h t do 1 h i o t
c a r s c os o a r s, a es c a r c s
37 I f 9 p o llow d 4 0 po d f fl f
e rs ns are a gi v e un s o ou r or a e n
t i m wh t i th llow
.
e, a f
s hp e a an ce o e ac e r so n
38 W h t i 1 i th of 4 5
. a f 54
s f 72
n n of 8 1 of 99 o o
39 Wh t i 1 i th f 4 6
. a f 57
s f 7 3 ? f 83 ? f 1 06 ?
n n o o o o o
4 0 At. t t do h w my o
e n ce n s a d oo t k
— z e n, o an zen c c a nu ca es
c an
y p y
ou f w i th 30a t w
or i th 65 t ce n s ce n s
4 1 W h t i 1 t th f 60
. a f 50
s f 80 en f 70 f 90
o o o o o
42 . Wh a t is l te nth of 61 ? of 55 ? of 83 ? of 72 ? of 96 ?
DI VI S I ON . 61
43 . Wh a t i s 1 e l e ve n th of 33 of 66
of 44 of 77 of 88
44 . W h a t i s 1 e l e v e n th of 38 f 50 of 67
o of 7 9 of 90
45 . W ha t i s 1 tw e lf th of 36 f 48 of 7 2
o of 60 of 96 7
46 . W h a t i s 1 tw e lfth of 42 of 53 of 7 9 of 69 f 100 o
47 47 I f 44
‘
m e n ar e s e p t d i to 2 q
ar a e n e ual p ti h w ar e s, o
my m
.
an e n are in e ach p ty
ar
48 doll
Wh e n p i d f 36 y d of wi
4 ars are a or ar s r e sc r e e n ,
h w m y y d w i ll 1 d ll
.
o an b y
ar s o ar u
4 9 O ti t k 4 8 b h l s f t ooi p to mk t i 4 q l u s e s o u rn s ar e n e ua
lo d H w m y b h l did h t k i
.
a s . o an h lo d u s e s e a e n e ac a
50 W h 7 h p o t 50 d ll en wh t d
s 1 h p
ee t c s o a r s, a oe s s ee co s
51 I f 1 m
.
t th typ of bo k i 4 5 d y i h w e a o n a s, n o
mw o k I h w m y
a n ca n se e
my d y 5 m do th
.
an a s can en e sa e r n o an
d y a 4 m d th
s ca n mw k en o e sa e or
52 I f q ti ty f p o i i w illl t 32 p o 1 m
a u an o th
o r v s on as e rs ns n
h w my p o w ld th mp i i l t 8 m
,
.
o an e rs ns o thou e sa e r ov s on as n s
53 I f 4 5 d ll pi m o y b h d q lly by 9 m
o ars r z e- ne e s ar e e u a e n,
h w mh d 1 m g t
.
o u c oe s an e
54 A m h t. ld 10 y d of l th f 7 5 t w h t
e rc an so ar s c o or c e n s, a
w asth p i p y
e rd r ce er a
55 I f y h f ty p h ou d gi v 1 i ghth to A i
ave or e ac e s, a n e e nn e ,
h w my d y
.
1 fifth t J h d 1 fo th t Fl
o o n , an u r o or e n c e , o an o ou
g i to
ve h H w m
e ac y d y g i t ll?
o H w m y an o ou ve o a o an
d y o h l ft
ou av e e
56 H vi g 6 0 p g
. a f h i to y to
n d i f I d 1 f th
a es o s r re a ,
re a ou r
of it M o d y 1 fifth
on T n d y a d 1 i th W d on u es a an s x on e ne s
d y h w my p g do I d i ll? H w m y p g
, ,
a o an a es rea n a o an a es
mi t b d
,
re a n o e rea
57 W h t i 1 h l
. f of 20 pl 1 i ghth of 7 2
a s a , u s e
58 W h t i 1 h lf f 60 pl
. a 1 fi
s f t h of 60 a o ,
u s
59 W h t i 1 f
. th of 2 8 pl 1 th i d of 4 5
a s ou r , u s r
6 0 Wh t i 1
. th of 56 l 1 i th of 63
a s se v e n , e ss n n
6 1 W h t i 1 i ghth of 7 2 l
. a 1 i th of 4 2
s e , e ss s x
For D ri llEx e rcise s i n Di v i si on , se e p ge

a 16 5 .
62 y EN T AL ARI T H M E T I C
'
.
SECTION XXI .
FI N D IN G PAR T S O F W H O L E S , AN D WH O L E S FROM
PA R T S .
48 . 1 . If 3 b o xes of bl b u e e r r ie s co s t 30 c e n s, t w h t will
a
2 bo x e s c os t
2 . I f 4 po d of un s ra i s i n s c s o t 36 c e n s, t w h t w i ll 3 po
a u nds
cos t
3 W h e n 5 ha ts c o t 60 t
s c e n s, h t w ill 4 h t o t
w a a s c s
m
.
4 . If a ho rse ca n t v l 48
ra e il i 6 ho es h w f n u r s, o ar can
no t ra v eli n 5 h ou r s
5 Wh en o th 42 ppl h w m y ppl
7 or a n g es ar e w r a e s, o an a es
H w m y ppl
.
i 1
s w th
o ra n g e or 5o g w o th ?
o an a e s a re ra n es r
6 If p k of pl
a m i wee th 8 8 t h w m uh i 1 s s or c e n s, o u c s
q t w o th H w m h 5 q t w o th
.
u ar r o u c are u ar s r
7 A m hi d
. l bo f 9 w k p yi g h i m8 1 dol
an re a a re r or ee s, a n
l
ar s W h t di d h p y f 4 w k w k
. a e a or ee s
’
or
8 I f 84 p f gl q i d f 7 w i dow h w
ane s o a ss are re u re or n s, o
my p
.
an q i d f 10 w i d w
a n e s ar e r e u re or n o s
9 I f th 7 2 wi d w i
e re 6are tt g h w m y w i n o s n co a e s, o an n
th i 9 im
.
dow s ar e il tt g
ere n s a r co a es
1 0 W h t w i ll 7 p i
. of o k o t t th t of 3 p i
a a rs s c s c s ,a e ra e a rs
for 36 t ce n s
11 A f m h g d 7 pi g f f wl t th t f 2
ar er exc an e s or o s, a e ra e o
p i g f 18 fowl H w m y f w l did h
.
s or s iv o an o s e r e ce e
t of 3 mlo f 24 p h h w m y
.
1 2 At th e ra e e ns or e ac e s, o an
7 m 9 m
.
p h
e ac b bo ght f
e s ca n loe f lo
u or e ns or e ns
13 W h . q h w i ghi g 8 po d
en a s b bo ght f
u as e n u n s ca n e u or
32 t w h t h ld I p y f
c e n s, a q h w i gh i g 19 po d
s ou a or a s u as e n u n s
14 I f i t b m pti d by 2 p ip i 15 m
a c s e rn ca ni t e e e es n nu e s,
i h w my m ld i t b m
.
n o i t an pti d by 3 p ip f th
nu es c ou e e e es o e
sa mi e s ze
M I S C E LLAN E O US .
83
f 15 H ow m y d y wo ld
an it tk 7 m to mh
m
. a s u a e en e a r n as u c
n 5 i 6 d y e n ca n e a r n n a s 7
i
16 A p i of o k e ce w be doby 10 m i 6 da y
m m
r can ne
mw k i 4 d y 7
.
en n s.
[ H ow
y ld do h an e n co u t e sa e or n a s
Wh e n
doll w ill b y d g mh
mh wi ll 6 d ll b y 7
3 a rs u
y 33 f i h ar s o ow
g n a ,
uc o ars u
18 W h t i 1 th i d of 36 7 2 th i d
. a f 36 7
s r r s o
1 9 W h t i 1 fo th f 32 7 3 fo th
. a f 32 7
s u r o u r s o
2 0 W h t i 1 fifth f 55 7 4 fifth
. a f 55 7
s o s o
2 1 W h t i 1 i th of 4 2 7 5 i th of 4 2 7
. a s s x s x s
22 Wh t i 1 .
th f 84 7 6 a th f 84 7
s se v e n o se v e n s o
2 3 W h t i 1 i ghth of 7 2 7 5 i ghth
. a sf 72 7 e e s o
2 4 Add 1 f .
th of 44 to 3 fifth f 35 ou r s o .
2 5 Add 2 .
th f 2 8 t 9 t th of 30 se v e n s o o en s .
2 6 Add 5 tw l
. fth f 48 t 3 th f 49 e s o o se v e n s o .
2 7 Add 3 i ghth
. f 40 t 2 i th f 54e s o o n n s o .
28 mg J
y 8 fig h i h
a 1 h lf
es f th ave awa s, w c w as a o e
mb h h d H w m y fig h d h 7
.
nu er e a o an s a e
2 9 Ad m
.
i d 10 o d f h p ll i g l
a hi hss e w r s o er s e n e s so n , w c was
my d
.
1 t h i d f th
r o d gi toH e w g i r s v e n ou . ow an w or s we re ve n
ou t 7
30 hv . d 9p g f
I po t w h i h i 1 fo th of
a e rea a es o a re r , c s u r
th eti en p t H w l g i th po t 7
re r e or . o on s e re r
31 J h .wh i 7 y d i 1 fifth
l
o n, ld h i f th
o s e ar s o , s as o as s a er .
H w lo d i h i f th o7 s s a er
32 M y w o dl d w h i h o t i 6 i 1 i th f m
o an y c c n a ns a c r e s, s s x o
f m H w my do m m
.
,
ar .
y fo t i an acr e s es ar c on a n
7
33 Cl h w d d 5 w f io
ar e n ce w h i h i 1 i ghthas ee e ro s o on n s, c s e
t i t H w m h i h i ti t 7
.
of hi s s n o u c s s s n
34 A f m
.
ld 12 b h l f ppl w h i h w 1 i gh th
ar e r so u s e s o a e s, c as e
H w m y b h l di d h
.
f llh i d i 7
‘
o a e r a se o an u s e s e r a se
35 H m l i 8 od f m h ol w h i h i 1 i th
.
o er f
ve s r s ro sc o c s n n as ar
f om ho l d D l i
,
.
as Do li H w fra ve s o ar r sc o oe s or a ve
m
.
36 1 1 i 1 fo th f wh t
. b 7 9 i 1 fifth f w h t 7
s u r o a nu er s o a
37 8 is 1 s ix h t of wh a t m
b 7 9i 1
nu er s se v e n th of wh t? a
m
.
38 12 i s 1 e ig hth of w h t b 7 6 i 1 i th of wh t?
ht m
. a nu er s n n a
39 . 11 is 1 t th f w
en o b 7 12 i
a nu er s 1 l v th f
e e en o
wh at 7
40 Bl h e spe n tth i d of th
24 c e n s, t w h ic h w as 2
m y h h d H w m y t h d h 7 [S p g
. a nc r s e
on e s e a o an ce n s a s e ee a e
i di g 27 m
.
41 I fo d ft un ,a
il th t I h d go
er r 3 fo thn e s, a a ne ur s
of th l gth of m m
.
e en y jo y H w lo g w y jo
u rn e y ? . o n as u rn e
42 Al i h p t 10 w k t hool whi h i 2 v th
ce as s en ee s a sc c s se en s
of th ti m h tt d i y H w m y w k do
.
,
e e s e a en s h
n a e ar . o an ee s es s e
a tt d i y 7
en n a e ar
43 I f d i g th w i t I h
u r n d 8 t of o li m
e n e r, y a v e u se on s c a n
di m
.
,
ho d th i i 2 i th of w h t I h v
u se , an s s n n y f t y s a a e u se a c or ,
h w my t
n
o an h v I di m on s
y f ta y 7 e u se n ac o r
44 M Jo r. p d 12 doll ne s s w k f en bo d whi h i s ars a ee or ar c s
H w m h do h
.
,
4 t th of w h t h
en s a e e ar ns 7 . o u c es e e arn
4 5 Ho . p i d 18 doll f 3 i gh th of bo t Wh t
r ac e a a rs or e s a a . a
w asth p i e of th bo t 7
r ce e a
4 6 H v i g go a 3 fifth of m
n
y jone y 8 m i l m i s u r ne es re a n
H w m y fifth of th jo y mi 7 H w m y m
.
.
,
o an s e il u rne re a n o an es
i th w hol jo
s e y7 e u rn e
4 7 Aft p di g 4 er s th of m
en y mno y I h v 3 3 se v e n s ne a e
l ft H w m h m
,
.
ce t n s e o y h d I t fi t7
o u c ne a a rs
k p 1 t th of th m
.
48 A ti o
n au c wh ne e r o t of h i o ee s en e a u n s
to p o f whomh h old
.
l
sa e s t re54 doll
u rns ars a ers n or e as s
g ood s.W h t w th mo
a t of thas l 7 e a un e sa e
4 9 2 2 i 2 th i d of w h ts m b 7 r s a nu er
m
.
50 2 4 i 3 fo th of w h t s b 7
u r s a nu er
m
.
51 36 i 4 fi f th of w h t
s b 7 s a nu er
m
.
52 35 i 5 i th of w h t s s x b 7 s a nu er
th of wh t m
.
53 36 i 4 s se v e n b 7 s a nu er
m
.
54 33 i 3 i ghth of w h t s e b 7 s a nu er
m
.
55 56 i 8 i th of w h t s n n b 7 s a nu er
m
.
56 2 1 i 3 l v th of w h t
. s e e b 7 en s a nu er
M I S C E LLAN E O US E X AM PLE S .
65
SE CTI ON XXII .
M I S C E L L A N E OU S E X A M PL ES .
49 1 At 8 8 (8 d ll o ars ) a g a llo n , h ow mh are 5 ga l n s lo

mil
. . uc
and a pi n t of s pe r -o w o th
r 7
2 . If 2 ce n s t l
wi l bu y 12 mbl ar e s, h ow m y mbl
an ar es wi l l
12 ce n s t bu y 7
3 W ha t i s
t of 6 b tt t th t f 10 f 8 1 7
th e cos u o n s, a e ra e o or
4 H w m h h ll I p y f
.
. o 4 hou c w hi g st 15 ta a or u rs
’
as n ,
a ce n s
an ho d 2 ho i o i g t 17
u r , an t ho u rs
’
r n n a ce n s a n u r
7
5 W h t i th
. o t f l d y wo k 1 k t 25 t
a s e c s o au n r r on sa c a c e n s,
an d 7 pi t th t of 96 t do
e ce s a e ra e ce n s a zen 7
6 Add tog th 12 d 13 d th d i ff
e of 18 d 15
er an an e e r e n ce an
m b dd d t th mof 12 d 29 w ill mk
. .
7 Wh t . a nu er a e o e su an a e
50 ?
8 Al o d ti k t llow i g 100 id h i g b
ra i r a d c e a n r es av n e e n u se
31 tim h w m y m o ti m
.
e s, oit b d7 an re e s ca n e u se
9 I f 8 1 w i l l b y 6 do
. gg h w m y gg w ill d l u ze n e s, o an e s a o
h d h lf b y 7
r an a a u
10 A t 8 2 . do h w m y h dk h i f a b bo gh t z e n, o an an e rc e s ca n e u
for 8 5 7
11 H ow m y po
of b tt t 12 t po d m t
an u n ds u e r, a ce n s a u n u s
8 y d of m l i
,
.
b g iv
e f en t 9
or t y d7
ar s u s n, a ce n s a ar
12 M i . d F y mdarv n oll t io of b tl
an M an n a e a c ec n ee es . ar
i
v n c oll t d 28 ki d d F y ll t d 42 k i d H w
ec e n s, a n ann co ec e n s o
m y mo ki d did F y oll t th M i 7 Of F y
.
’
an re n s ann c ec an a rv n a nn s
b tl
ee 16 k i d w
e s, l ik om of M i n s H w my e re e s e ar v n s
’
. o an
difi t ki d did both fi d 7

e re n n s n
13 A iv i 132 f t w id
r d er m h j t t t dt
s ee e , an a an as u s s ar e o
o i b t 12 f t lo g d h d d f omth b k
.
w ac r ss n a oa ee n an ea r e an
H w m y l gth of th b t m t h
ro e
w th t th bo t m
,
.
o an en s y e oa u s e ro a e a a
t
ou c h th oppo i t b k 7 e s e an
66 M E N T AL ARI T E M E T I c .
14 C t p id 8 12 w k f h i bo d whi h w
M a a ee or s ar c as
H w m h d id h
. r . a e ,
2 fifth of w h t h d 7
e e a rn e o e e ar n
t t f omth
a u c
m pl
s .
15 G ilb t. d Ch l er an d ar e s s ar r e sa e ace an
w lk t 20 y d th oth o th 15 y d T h y th
eas ar s, e er n r ar s e en
h oth t ill th y mt G ilb t w lk i g 16

a ,
o n e .
w lk t w d s eac er e ee , er a n
y d d Ch l 9 H w m y y d did b th w lk d
a o ar
ar s an ar e s o an ar s o a a n
h w m y m did Joh w lk th
.
,
o re Ch l 7 n a an ar e s
o w 18 m
o an
16 T w p o il p t d w lki g tow d
e rs ns e re es a ar , an a n ar s
t of 4 m
.
h oth t th il ho a d th oth e ra e es an u r an er
t of 3 m
e ac e r , on e e
at th e ra e il h H w f p t w th y t es an ou r . o ar a ar e re e a
th d of 2 ho 7 u rs
md 10 vi it M o d y 3 T d y
e en
17 A phy i i
. s c an a e s s on n a , on u es a ,
5 W d d y 8 Th d y 7 F id y 9 S t d y
ne s a on urs a on r a on a u r a ,
H w m y vi i t did h m
on e , , ,
an d2 S d y on u n a .k d i g th o an s s e a e u r n e
w k ?
ee
18 F .18 of th i it h
or h g d 8 2 vi i t ; f 1 5 h e v s s e c ar e a s or e
h g d $ 3 i it ; d f th t oth i g W h t w th
a v s an or e res n n a as e
o t of h i bill 7 H w m y vi i t di d h mk w i tho t
c ar e
m
.
,
a u n s s o an s s e a e u
h g 7
po d 22 od w i d H w m y od do
c ar e
19 T h . i ere s a n r s e. o an r s es
a p o k t wh k t
e rs n s o th p d d b k d h lf
a e o s a e s ac r ss e on an ac an a
w y o gi 7
a cr ss a a n
2 0 T w m h d 18
a
w o pi ; wh il th fi t old a a e e rs s a
o d bo ght h lf m y m
. en co s e ce
thi d of h i th o h h d e a
H w m
r s, e se c n u as an re as
h m th 7
a
atfi t rs a y h d o n a e ac an en
21 Am m
.
y h d 2 8 t w i th w h i h
a h b ght Ch i t c e n s, s
d f 6 t d my m
. c e ou a r s as
ca r or o
c e n s, a n h o ld t th t of as an re a s s e c u a e ra
t H w m y d di d h b y d h w m y
e
2 f 5
or ce n s . o an ca r s s e u
,
a n o an
t h d h l ft 7
ce n s a s e e
22 A t h w i h d t b y 48 d f h p p il S h
. e ac er s e o u car s or er u s. e
c ou ld g t 4 d f 5 t e 5 b tt
ca r d f 10 t
s or c e n s or e
H w m h mt h p y f
er ca r s or ce n s .
o u c 2 8 of th fi t k i d
u s d s o gh e a or e rs n an en u
of th o d k i d to mk p th q i d m
e se c n nb 7 a e u e re u re nu er
23 W h . do photog ph en a b b ght f 84
zen t ra s ca n e ou or ce n s,
w h t i th
a o t of s do e c d tw 7 s on e z e n an o
FRAC T I ON S . 67
SECTION XXIII .
FR A C T I ON S
N T
O E T h e qu e sti on s i n th is se cti on a re to be wor ke d, for th e
. ost m
t b di t f th e i l
l u s tra ti ons or , be tte r stil l i f th e te a c h e r h a v e
m
p a r , y r e c u se o ,
th e , by t h e u se o f b l
oc k s s h a p e d li k e th e illu s tra ti on s .
50 . 1 . W he n
th i g i di id d i to tw q l p t w h t
a n s v e n o e ua a r s, a
is one of th p t ll d e a r s ca e 7
2 . Wh t i f th p t
a ll d w h
s on eth i g i d ivi d d
o e a r s ca e en a n s e
i n to th q l p t 7 i to fo q l p t 7 i t fi 7 i to
re e e u a ar s n u r e ua ar s n o ve n
s ix 7
3 . W ha t is of th p t ll d wh
on e th i g i d i i d d
e ar s ca e en a n s v e
in t o se v en e q l p t 7 i to i ght q l p t 7 i to t 7
ua ar s n e e ua ar s n en
in to tw e lv e 7
An y w hol thi g e n is a u ni t
. On e or m
o re of th e e q l
ua
p ar s t of th i g i a n s a fl a c ti on .
N T One of th e e qu a l pa r t of a th i ng i s fl a c tron a l u n i t,
m
O E —
m
. s a
d b f h p arts is f ra c ti on a l n u ber B u t th e
m
an an y nu er o su c
m
a
m ly
.
wo r d frac t on i u se d e i th e r fra c ti ona l u ni t
m
as co on e an s a or a
fra c ti on a l b nu e r.
4 M h i t fi
r S t
q l p t d old tw
on e c u t a c e e se n o ve e ua ar s an s o
f th m W h t f
. .
o e ti o of th h di d h ll 7 Wh t a rac n e c e e se e se a
f ti o did h k p 7 D i d h k p m
.
r ac n o th h ld l 7 e ee e ee re an e so , o r e ss
5 W h i h i th l g
. f t i tw fifth th fifth
c s e ar er r ac on , o s or ree s 7
on ethi d fifth 7 tw th i d
r h lf 7 th f th
or on e o r s or on e a re e ou r s
or f fifth 7ou r h lf tw fo th th i th 7s on e a , o ur s, or re e s x s
68 M E N T AL A RI T H M E T I C .
6 ol th i g In it a h w m y h lv ? h w
wh e n or a u n a r e o an a es o
m y thi d 7 fo th 7 t th tw lfth 7
.
, ,
s u r s en 7 e s
an r s
7 If y h d tw ppl h w m y h lv of
ou a
ppl o a e s, o an a es an a e
ld y mk of th m7 h w m y q t 7
.
c ou ou a e e o an u ar e rs
8 I tw it
. h w my h l
n h w m y thi d ?
o u n s are o an a ve s 7 o an r s
f th 7 i th 7
ou r s s x s
9 H w my h l th i th
o it 7 i f
an ? a v e s ar e e re n re e u n s n ou r
10 H w m y th i d
.
th i tw it 7 i fi 7
o an r s a re e re n o u n s n ve
11 H w m y fifth
.
th i f
o it in t 7
an s are e re n ou r u n s 7 en
12 H w m y i th
.
. th i i
o i t 7 E i ght 7
an s x s are e re n s x u n s 1 e
51 13 H e re are h ow my h lan a ve s ?
m y w h l th i g
. .
H ow an o e s, or u n i s, cant
mk of th m7
n
u
y o a e e
14 H w m y
. it i o an u n s n si x hl a ve s ?
ght h l
in ei a ve s 7 in tw ty h l en a ve s 7
15 H e r e ar e ho w m y th i d an r s 7 H o w my it an u n s ca n you
th m mk
.
? a e of e
H w my it i i th i d 7
Q Q Q
o an u n s n n ne r s .
i t w l th i d i t w ty th i d n e ve r s 7 n en -s e ve n r s ?
17 H w m y
.
it i t w l f th . o an u n s n e ve ou r s 7 .
Q Q Q m ghty t th 7
i t w ty f th 7 i fo ty tw i th 7 n
ei
en
en
ou r
s
s n r - o s x s
Th w i h ild e re d h h d tw th i d of
e re s x c r e n, a n e ac a o r s a
cak H w m y k h d b di i d d m g th m
e . o an ca es a een v e a on e 7
19 J h th fifth f d ll i d y H w
o n can e arn re e s o a o ar n a a o
m y d ll
. .
an h oi t dy 7
a r s ca n e e a rn n en a s
20 H y b ght th i ty tw p d f m t t q t
e nr ou r -
o ou n s o ea a a u ar er
p d H w m y d ll di d i t omto 7
.
of d ll
a o ar a ou n . o an o ars c e
52 . 21 .h lf f On e a o a p i e wa s cu t in to tw q l o e u a
pi e ce s . Wh t p t f a ar o a w hl o e p i e wa s of th
on e e
pi e ce s 7
22 . On e h lf f
a o on e h lf f th i g i w h t p t f i t 7
a o a n s a ar o
23 . T wo f thou r s of a thi g i q l to wh t p t of i t 7
n s e u a a ar
FRA C T I ON S . 69
h lf of thi g i q l t h w m y i th
24 . On e a a n s e ua o o an s x s 7
25 I f h lf f . ppl b di i d d i to th
on e a o an a e e v e n re e
eq l p tu a of th p t i w h t p t of th
a r s, on e e se ar s s a ar e
wh l ppl 7 o e a e
26 O thi d of .h lf of thi g i wh t p t
ne r on e a a n s a ar
of it 7
27 th i d of thi g i q l to h w my i th 7
On e r a n s e ua o an s x s
28 I f th i d of mlo b divi d d i to tw
. on e r a e n e e n o
eq lp t u a of th p t i w h t p t of th
a r s, on e e se ar s s a ar e
mlo e n 7
29 W h t i . h lf of th i d of thi g 7
a s on e a on e r a n
30 I th .
y d i fi s b t w e re h lf of th
an i d e r e n ce e een on e a on e r
of thi g da thi d f n h lf f i t 7
an on e r o on e a o
31 O foot i . thi d f y d W h t p t f y d
ne s on e r o a ar . a ar o a ar
i h lf
s foot 7a a
32 M y l i ith mti ar lly i t h lf ho

’
s c a ss n ar e c u su a re c es a an u r,
th i d of th t t im
.
b t t d y th l
u o w fii h di
o -
a e e ss n as n s e n on e r a e .
Wh t p t f a ho did th lar t k to d y 7
o an u r e e ss on a e - a
33 T w f t . h w m y th i d o fee y d 7 h w my are o an r s o a ar o an
i th 7
s x s
34 W h t i th di ff
. b tw a th i d d
s e e r e n ce e e en on e r an
on e h lf f thi g 7 a o a n
35 W h t i th . diff b tw
a tw thi d
s e e r e nce e een o r s
an d h lf f thi g 7
on e a o a n
53 . ghth mk w hol th i g 7
36 . H ow my an ei s a e a e n
37 I f h h lf of th i g b d i i d d i to fo q l
e ac a a n e v e n u r e u a
p t i to h w m y p t wi ll th th i g b divi d d ?
.
a r s, n o an ar s e n e e
W h t p t f w hol th i g i
a ar f th f h lf 7
o a e n s on e ou r o a a
38 I f h fo th of thi g b di i d d i to tw E i h t“ ur a n e v e n o
q l p t i to h w m y p t w ill th thi g b
. e ac g ,
e u a a r s, n o an ar s e n e
di vi d d 7 W h t p t of th w h l thi g i
e h lf ofa ar e o e n s on e a a
f o th 7u r
39 W h i h i th l g
. fo th of c h lf h lf
s e ar e r , on e ur on e a , or on e a
O f fo th of thi g 7
one ur a. n
70 M E N T AL A RI T H M E T I C
'
.
40 On e h lf f th i
a o a n g e qu al
s h ow my an ei gh th of it 7 s
w m y i gh th
.
41 . T h re e f th ofou r s on e h lf of thi
a a ng is h o an e s
of it 7
42 . O n e h al
f of h r e e t fo th of thi g i
ur s a n s h ow my an ei ghth s
of it 7
43 y d of gi gh m o t h lf doll
. If on e ar n a c s s a a ar, h ow mh uc
d q t of y d t 7
oe s on e u ar e r a ar cos
44 F d h om b d th q t of
re as s e ra s r ee u ar e r s an inc hl ong,
d o mo th
.
an j t h lf lo g H w lo g
s e e rs u s a as n . o n ar e th e l tt
a er ?
54 h fifth of thi g b di vi d d i to tw q l
45 If eac a n e e n o e ua
p t i t h w m y q l p t w i ll th thi g
. .
a r s, n o o an e ua ar s e n
b d i i d d ? W h t p t of e thi g i v h lf
e a ar a n s on e a
of fif th of i t 7 a
T th 46 I fifth h w m y t th 7 n on e are o an en s
4 7 H w m y t th
en s. .
th i tw fifth ?
. o an en s ar e e re n o s
i thn fifth 7 i fo fif th 7
ree s n ur s
48 M yh m i l t w lk t
ar hool H w m y t th
as a e o a o sc o an en s
m
. .
of il h
a h t go ft
e as h h s w lk d th t th 7
e o a er s e as a e re e en s
fi t th 7 i
ve en t th 7 n ne en s
y h w lk d i t th of m
s
49 Wh M en ar il h w m y as a e s x en s a e, o an
fifth of m
.
sil h h w lk d 7
a e as s e a e
50 W h i h i th m o m o y i t th of doll
c s e fo re ne s x en s a ar or ur
fifth of doll 7 H w m h m
.
,
s a o 7 ar o u c re
51 Abbot p t th t th f doll fs en lt i re e en s o a ar or a s a e, s x
m
.
t th f
en book d
s or at th f p H w
, an y se v e n en s or a ca . o an
doll did h p d 7
ars e s en
55 52 H w m y tw l fth mk whol thi g 7

o an e s a e a e n
53 H w m h of w hol thi g mi w h
. .
. o uc a e n re a ns en
tw lfth of i t h b t k
on e t 7 wh e tw as e en a e n ou en o
t w lfth h v b t k 7 w h th tw lfthe s a e een a en en re e e s
T w lfih ehv b tk 7 g. a e een a en
54 I f h h lf of th i g b di id d i to i e ac a a n e v e n s x
m
.
eq l p
u at i t h w y p
a r s, n o t w i l
l th th i g b di v
oi d d 7 an ar s e n e e
Vh t p t of th i g i i th of h lf of i t 7
T
a ar a n s on e s x on e a
FRA 0 T I ON S .
71
55 tw lfth of th i g i wh t p t of i t 7
. Six e s a n s a ar
56 I f . h th i d of th i g b di i d d i to fo
e ac r q lp t
a n e v e n u r e ua ar s,
on e o f th p t i w h t p t f th whol thi g 7
e se ar s s a ar o e e n
57 H w m y t w l
. o fth th i
an thi d 7 i tw
e s are e re n on e r n o
th i d 7
r s
58 Fo tw lfth of th i g h w m y th i d 7
ur e s a n ar e o an r s
fth of thi g h w m y thi d 7

.
59 E i ght tw l
. e s a n a re o an r s
60 W h th t w lfth of thi g h v b t k
en ree et s a n a e een a e n ou
h w m y t w lfth mi 7 H w m y fo th 7
.
,
o an e s re a n o an ur s
61 W h i tw lfth of th i g h v b t k
en n ne e t s a n a e een a e n ou
h w m y fo th mi 7
.
,
o an u r s re a n
62 I f . i th f th i g b di i d d i to tw q l p t
on e s x o a n e v e n o e ua a r s,
on e of th p t i wh t p t f th wh l th i g 7
e se ar s s a ar o e o e n
63 Com p. i th ofa re h lf w i th
on e h lf of
s x on e a on e a on e
i th
s x W h t d y fi d to b t a 7o ou n e ru e
th i g h w m y tw lfth 7
.
64 I fi i thn f ve s x s o a n ar e o an e s
t w lfth of thi g h w m y i th of i t 7
.
65 T en e s a n ar e o an s x s
6 6 H w m y t w lfth
.
. o th i
an th i d of thi g 7
e s are ere n on e r a n
in on e f th f it 7
ou r o
6 7 H w m y tw lfth i
. o th i d d
an fo th dd d
e s n on e r an on e u r a e
tog th 7
e er
6 8 H w m y t w lfth i
. o an fo th d ei th dd d s n on e u r an on e s x a e
tog th 7
e er
6 9 W h t i th
. d iff
a b tw
s e thi d d e r e nc e e e en on e r an on e
fo th 7
ur
7 0 W h t i th
. diff
a b tw
s e fo th d e r e n ce e een on e ur an on e
i th 7
s x
7 1 W h t i th difi
. a b tw th fo th d tw
s e e r e n ce e een re e ur s an o
thi d 7
r s
7 2 W h t i th di fi
. a b t w tw thi d d
s e e r e nce e een o r s an on e
f o th 7
u r
72 M EN T AL ARI T E M E T I C .
SECTION XXIV .
TH E W R I T I N G OF FR A C T I ON S .
56 F ti . ra c on s a r e wr i tt en wi th fig th u r e s, us
O h lf
ne a S v e th i d
en r s 1,
O th i d
ne r S t th i ty o d
e ve n e e n r -
se c n s it
T w th i do r s g N i t t w ty fi t
ne e e n en - rs s .
H
Th fifth
re e s Q Tw d v
o an i ghth se en e s 25
E i ght t th en s 3
1 6 Si d fo
x an fifti th ur e s 6g,
T tw lfth
en e s
H Fift d t w ty fi
een an en - ve
T hl
en a ve s h d dth un re s
T he m
b w r i tte n a bo ve th e li is th e nu m e ra tor ( m
my
nu er ne nu
be re r ) I t te lls h o w l ta ke n T he mb
m
an e
q u a p ar ts are nu er
m)
. .
wr i tte n be lo w th e l
i n e is th e d e n o i n a tor ( ls into
I t te l
my
er
m
na .
h ow e qu al th e u nit is di v ide d T he e ra tor and
m
t
m
an pa r s nu
m
.
de n o i n a tor a r e ca l
le d th e te r s of th e fra cti on A b l
ike
m
. nu er
2} 1517055, w h i ch i s pa rtl wh ol b e r a nd l y fr acti on,

m m
or y a e nu pa r t a
is ca l
led a ix e d nu be r .
1 W ha t
f ti do thi pi t p t? r ac on es s c u re re r e se n
m t 7 W h y 7 W h t i th
.
W h t i th
a s e nu e r a or a s e
d omeni to 7 W h y 7 W i t th f
na ti o
r r e e r ac n.
2 W h a t fr ac t ion do th i pi t p es s c u re re r e se n t 7
m to 7 Wh y 7 W h t i
.
W ha t i s th e nu e ra r a s th e
d om
eni to na r 7 W h y 7 W i t th f t i o r e e rac n.
3 If a u ni t w di i d d i to tw lv q l p t
e re v e n e e e ua a r s, a n d s e v en
th mw
.
of e e re t k wh t f ti o w ld b t k
a e n, a r ac n ou e a en 7 Wh at
w ld b i t
ou e s nu m t 7 W h y 7 W h t wo ld
e r a or a u be i ts de
nomi t 7 n a or W h y 7 W i t th f t i r e e r ac on .
FRA C T I ON S . 73
Dra w pi c tu r e s on th e sl
a e t or bl kboa ac rd to re p r e se n t th e
fo l
lowi n : g
5, 4: a) 2; 3; 3a 3; 3; t, 5: 5 °
To c h a nge W h ole or M ix e d N u m
b e rs Fra c ti on a l
57 Ch g 4 to h l ; 3 t fifth 7
. 4 . an e a ve s o s
5.
Ch g 5 t thi d ; 8 t v th ; 9 t
an e o r s o se en s o
6 Wh t m
. i d m b do th i p i
a xe nu er es s c
t
u re r ep t7 r e se n
7 H w m y h lv p t d a e s ar e r e r e se n e
h w my
. o an
i th i p i t
n 7 I
s 2} c u re n ar e o an
hl
a ve s 7
8 Wh t m i d m b d th i . a xe nu er oe s s
pi t p t7 c u r e re r e se n
9 H w m y th i d p td o an r s ar e re r e se n e
h w my
.
i th i p i t 7 I 25 n s c u re n a re o an
th i d ? r s
D w pi t
ra th la t bl kb d t p
c u r e s on t th e s e or ac oar o re r e se n e
f llo wi g
o n :
1t= s 1§ = s 21 = a 22 = e . 2 s= e
10 H ow m y h lv i 3} 7 (S p g
an a es n ee a e
m y thi d i 2 § 7 i 3; 7 i 5; 7
.
11 H ow an r s n n n
m y fif th i 4 ; 7 i 2 § 7 i 9 37
.
12 . H ow an s n n n
13 . Ch g an e 4 3 to th 5; to i ghth 7 1, t tw lfth
se v e n s e s 1 o e s .
14 Ch g an e 41 6 3 t t
o th ; 2 3 to i th ; 3
en to i t th
s s x s
5
s x een s
h g 33 to f ti o l m
“
13
. .
15 . R d e u ce , or c an e, b a r ac na nu e r.
N T
O E . C h a ng e to n i n th s .
16 Re d u ce 34, 6 4, 12 3, to f tio l m b r ac na
my q
. nu e rs .
17 . H ow an u ar e rst of doll i 33doll

a ar n ars 7
h h w m y i ghth of i h 7
I n 2 3i n c e s, o an e s an nc
In ml h w m y t th f m
i il 7 e s, o an en s o a e
H w m y i th of
o ho i 4 3 ho 7
an s x s an ur n u rs
Jh o d $ 6 } i 4 d y H w m y fifth f
n e ar n e n a s o an s o 3
i 4 d y ? H w m y fif th of
.
di d h e e arn d ll n a s o an s a o ar
day 7
T o c h a nge Fr a c ti on a l N mb
u e rs to W h o le or M ix e d
N u mb e rs .
58 22 H ow my o an n e s, or u n i ts, in g 7 S
( e e pg a e
my
. .
23 H ow an on e s in Z, 7 i n 310 7 in i ? i n 131 7
w my o
. f
24 H o an n e s in 2 “7 in 3 41 7 in y; 7 i n 7
w my
.
s 3
25 H o an on e s in 32 7 in 32 7 in in
my
8 9
.
26 H ow an on e s in 4 51 7 in 78 7 i n ff 7 in H 7 "
mi d m
.
9
27 Ch g an e 1 -5
to a b xe nu er
m m
.
, .
28 Ch g an e 1 1 2 2
Is t i d b o xe nu e rs
m m
.
5 , 9 , , .
29 R d e u ce
3 W t 1 i d 9 b o xe nu e rs
b h l h m y d ll m t b p i d f
.
, ,
.
30 . At 8 I a u s e , ow an o ar s u s e a or 15
b h l of pot to
u s e s a es 7
31 I f . t h gi a e ac er ve s 1 of an ho to ur e ac h l c a s s, h ow l on g
w ill it t k t h 9 l a e o e ar c a s se s r e c i e t 7
C h a n g i n g th e T er m s of Fr a c ti o ns .
’
t 7 t t { is 5
17 1s
32 . In I are h ow m y fo th
an u r s 7 h ow my an th 7
si x s
eighth s 7 t th
t w lfth 7 i t th
en s 7 e s s x een s 7 tw ti th en e s 7 tw ty en
fo thur 7 fifti th 7 h
s d dth e s u n re s
7
33 . W h t i th a m to f h s e nu era r o e ac of th e foll ow i n g7
t —
s
—
s
—
ro
—
te
—
ro
—
w —
rs
—
rz
FRA C T I ON S .
75
4 By wh a t nu m
b mt y mltiply
er us ou u bot h nu mt e ra or
m
.
de n o i t to h to 1 7 to h to 3? to
m
na or an e c a n ge
i c g
g i e to fi 7 to c h an g e t to “ ?
35 . H a v e al
l th e se f a ti
r c on s th e sa mv le a ue 7 Wh at is that
du e 7
36 I n my i th 7 h ow
DQ Q Q
are an s x s
h my t
.
ow lfth 7 an we s
37 By h t mb mt y
mltiply both m t d d 3 i
w a nu er us ou 5
.
1 ,
m
u nu e ra o r a n e
m h g 5to 37 g h g
'
f no i t n a tor o c an e to ch a n e 5to i ? to c an e i
fg ? to ch a n g t o fi ? to h c ange 3 to fi ?
to c h g
an e 3
to 1’s 7
38 . Hva e al
l th e se f tio
rac ns th e sa mv le a u e 7 W ha t i s th a t
l
va u e 7
39 . Wh a t i s th e nu m to e ra r of e ac h of th f llow i e o ng 7
t —
r
—
r
—
rr re
—
sr
—
sr
—
n °
40 In 4 ar e h ow my an ghth
ei s 7
m y tw lfth
.
h ow an e s 7 s ix t theen s 7 D D Q
tw ti th 7 t w ty fo th 7
en e s
1 3 3 en - ur s
By wh t m t y mltiply
, 1
41 a u s ou u
m to d d omi to t h g 1 to g 7 t h g
.
b tho nu e ra r an en na r o c an e o c an e
4 t t
o h g 1 t , 7 t h g 1oto 7 ct h gan e o 11 o c an e 9;
5 o c an e
fi t 7 to h
o 115 g t c an e 13 o
f tio th mv l 7 Wh t i th t
,
42 H v llth. a e a e se r ac ns e sa e a u e a s a
vl 7a u e
43 W h t i th . m t of h of th followi g 7
a s e nu e r a or e ac e n
f —
s
—
ao
—
te
—
rz sr
—
zo
— ‘
ss
—
rz '
44 . In 2 h ow m y i ghth
an e s 7
t w lfthe i t th 7 tw ti th
s 7 s x een s en e s 7
th i ty i th 7 fo ty fo ths 7
r -s x s r - ur
76 M E N T A L ARI T H M E T I C .
45 . Wh a t is th e nu m t of
e ra o r e a c h of th e f llo o w in g7
i —
r
—
rr
—
n
—
n
—
n
—
sr
—
n
—
n
46 By wh t m b a nu er m t y mltiply
us ou u bo th nu m e rator
om
.
an d de n i t to h na o r c an ge 2 to g ? i to i to i to
58 ? 3 1 78 ? 9 150 35? 9 170 77 ?

m
0 1 7 19
47 H ave al
l h
t e se fr a c i to ns th e sa e l
va u e 7 Wh at is
th t
a val
ue 7
D r a w p i c tu r e s to s how th t g a 3; th t a
g 1 3;
1 th t a i
7
1 5 th at i 9
1 5 .
H ow i s th e v a lu e of to fia fr a c i n a e c te d, if b tho nu mt e r a or
a nd d om
i t en n a or ar e mltipli d by th
u e e sa m e nu mb er 7
An s If both m d d m
i
e r a tor a n e no na tor of a
f i
r a c t on be
m m
nu
ml pli d by
.
u ti e th e sa b h
e nul er, t e va u e o f th e f r a c ti o n l
wil
n ot be ch a n
g e d .
48 C h an
g e to fou r th s (S e e pa ge
m y i th i I ? i } ? i g ? i g ?
. .
49 H ow an s x s n n I n n
m y i gh th i 37 i
.
50 H ow an i 27 i 17
e s n n n n
m y t th i $ i g ? i g ? i g ?
.
51 H ow an en s n 7 n n n
m y tw lf h i i 7 i g 7 i g i 2 7
.
52 H ow an e t s n n n 7 n
m y i t th i g 7 i i 7 i g i 7
.
53 H ow an s x een s n n n 7 n 131
m y tw ti th i i 7 i i 7 i 3 7 i { 37
.
54 H ow an en e s n n n n
m y th i ty i th i g 7 i 37 i 7 i 2 7
.
55 H ow an r -
s x s n n 17, n
m y fo ti th i g i g i g 7 i H 7
. n
56 H ow an r e s n 7 n 7
w m y i t i th i }
n n ,
.
57 . H o an i 37 i g s xi 7 e s n 1
7 n n 7 n 1
1g
58 . Ch g an e 9 , Q, to fo t th
ur een s .
59 . Ch g an e 2 3, 5
, a n , d , t t w ty fo th
1
5 o en -
ur s.
60 . Ch g an e 3
i s 1 6 a, a n , d g to th i t i th r e s .
H ow i s th e v l of f ti o
a ue a r ac n a ff e c e td , if
both m to
d om
nu e ra r
an d i en na to b d i vi d d by th
r e e e sa m e nu m
b 7 er
An s If both m e r a tor a n d de n o mi be di v i d ed by th e
m m
. nu n a tor
b e nu er, th e va l
u e o
f th e f r a c tion lnot be c h a n g e d
wi l .
FRA C T I ON S . 77
By w h t m t y a u s ou divi d both e nu m to e ra r and de n om

i to na r
61 . To ch an ge i to l? 3 to } ? i to zr ? fi i
to ? ’
62 . T o ch a n ge fi to i ? fi to § 7 fi to i ? ” to g ?
63 . T o ch an g e fl to fi? “ to g ? “ to g ? “to - 2
16 7
W h en both m e r a tor an d de n o mi n a tor di vi de d by th e m

m
a re
mll
nu
m
sa e
m
b e r , th e fra cti on i s c h an g e d to te r Wh e n n o n u b
m
nu s a er s
m
. er
be fou n d w h i ch w ill di v i de b oth an d de n o

m
e ra tor i t
m
nu n a or
mi d
ca n
w i th ou t a re a n e r, th e fra cti on is i n i ts s a lle s t te r s .
64 Ch an g e 2 3 3 8 a n d 3 th i mll t t m
to e r s a es er s.
th i mll t t m
.
, , 1 0, , 1 ,
65 Ch an g e 15, H , H a n to e r d H s a es er s
mll t t m
.
, .
66 Ch an g e i i , 9 1 , 52, £1 ,
3 a n d 32 to th e i r s a es er s.
mll t t m
.
67 Ch an g e 43, g g , gs, 33
a a n d g; to th e i r s a es er s.
mll t t m
.
,
68 . Ch an g e 28, fi, 7 6, H }, a n d a; to th e i r s a es er s .
C o m
m on D e no m
i n a to r .
59 Wh e n 3 is c h a n ge d to g th e v a lu e of th e fra cti o is
m
n not
m
.
,
c h a ng e d, b u t th e n a e of th e fra cti on i s c h a n ge d . T h e de n o i na
tor i s 6 i n ste ad Of 3, sh owi n g th a t th e u nit is di vi de d i n to 6 e qu al

p a r ts ins t e a d of 3 e qu a lpa r ts T h e p a r ts a r e th e r e for e h a l
f as la r g e
m my p
.
b u t th e nu e r a tor i s 4 i n ste a d of 2 , sh ow i ng th a t twi ce as an ar ts
a re ta k e n W h e n } i s c h an ge d
4 to th e pa r ts of th e i
u n t ar e on e
m my m tk
.
th i r d as la r g e as be for e , bu t th r e e ti e s as an of th e
mliply th d m mf
are a en .
We u i t e e no n a tor to c h a ng e th e na e o th e fra c ti on , bu t
we m mliply h m
u st u t t e nu e ra tor i ke wi se , to k e e p th e
l v al
u e of th e
fra cti on u n c h an g e d .
69 h g of mmy b md i
Wha t c an es na e a e a e n any nu m
b e r of
h lv 7 A H l my b h g d to
.
a es ns . a ve s a e c an e fou r th s, s i x th s,
ei ghth t th t w lfths, t en s, e s, e c
of mmy b md i m
.
7 0 Wh t h g
. a c an es na e a e a e n an y n u b of er
th i d 7r s
7 1 Fo th m y b h g
u rd t w h t 7 s a e c an e o a
7 2 Ei fth m
.
y b h g d t w hs t 7 a e c an e o a
th my b h g d t w h t 7
.
73 S e ven s a e c an e o a
th my b h g d to wh t 7
.
74 T . en s a e c an e a
7 5 Ar e th e two f ti o
ra c ns
s 1
an d k al
i e or difie r e n t i n th i e r
m7
.
,
na es Ch g an e Q and e ac h to tw lfth e s H ow do th e f
r ac
om th i m 7
.
ti o n s 14, a n d 13, c p ar e in e r na es
Wh e n m fr ac ti on s ar e c h an ed to th e m mth
mm m
tw o or or e g sa e na e, e ne w
de n om
i t na or is ca l
le d a c o on deno i n a t or :
76 . Ch g an e an d g to f t i o h vi g o m
ra c m o d m
ns i a n a c n e no
na o r t . A 4 q l
ns 3 .d 1
, q l a e ua s , a n e u a s .
T o ch an ge 5 an d } to f rac ti h i g
on s m d om
m av n i t w
my k f h
a co
m
on en na or
m
4
e
ta t e ne w de n o i n a tor 6 , 12 , 1 8, or b w h i ch
mlipl f m
a e or a ny n u er
i t th e de n o i n a tor s 2 an d 3 I t i s be s t to ta k e
mll m
s a u e o . as
s ab a nu er as we ca n , so w e ta k e 6, and h a v e for th e a n sw e r,
e qu a l a nd e qu a l
s
g, s
Ch g an e th e followi g to f ti n ra c on s h vi g
a n a c m
omo n de n o i m
n a or t
77 5 . and g . 84 3 .
2 and . 91 .
i and 98 .
g and
7 8 5a n d
.
2 . 85 g a n d g
. . 92 .
2 a n d g . 99 .
g a n d 3 .
7 9 g and
.
g . 86 and 3
. . 93 .
i a nd i . 100 .
g a n d
80 } a n d 87 1 nd s 94 7} a n d g 1 01 d
. 1
g .
; a . . . . .
3 a n 7
16 .
81 a n d 136 88 a n d 17 6 95 d 1 02 d i
.
5 . .
2 a n 3
1 6 .
i a n .
82 g . a n d 152 . 89 g . an d 96 .
A» a n d i . 103 .
g a n d 5
15
.
83 3 an d g 90 Q a nd 3 97 g d g 104 i d
. . . . . a n . . a n
3 .
105 .
5, g an d . 107 g, g, s .
, a n d z .
,,
106 .
g, g, a n d g . 10 8 3, g, a n d
. n
I ,
109 . m l ft by h i
ll g of h i t t to h i h h
A an e s wi , s es a e s c u rc ,
to th tow l ib y d to hool W h t f ti o h
e rar a n 5 a sc a
o d om
n ra c ns av
om m
, 1 , .
i g n a c i to w ill p th n lp t 7
en na r ex r e ss e s e se v e r a ar s
1 10 I f A do pi
. f wo k i 4 d y B i 5 d y
c an a e ce o r n a s, n a s,
an d C i 10 d y wh t p t f th w o k
n A do i 1 d y ?
a s, a ar o e r ca n n a
Wh t p t B do i 1 d y 7 W h t p t C do i 1 a a ar ca n
t i o h i g om
a ar ca n n
m
n
d y 7 Wh t f
a a o d om i to wil
r ac l ns av n a c n en na r
ex p th bov p t 7
re ss e a e ar s
AD DI T I ON OF FRA C T I ON S . 79
SE C T ION XX V .
A D D I T I ON AN D S U B T R A C T I ON OP FR A C T I ON S .
A d d i ti o n .
60 . 1 . W ha t i s th e su mf a o a nd 4 7
T o add 3 and
4 bo th f rac ti o ns m u st be c h a nge d to f rac tion s h
a vi n g
md m
m mH
,
a co i on e no na tor .
[ S ee pg
a e A . .
2 W ha t i s th emof } su and 37 An s 5 , or 1l
mof 1
. i . .
3 W ha t i s th e su a nd 3 7 A na i t; o r
mf 33
. .
4 . Wh a t i s th e su o a nd 4 57 A na 7 1+
.
W ha t i s th e sum
5 Of.
g a nd 5
-
7 Of fia n d } ?
6 . Of 1 a nd
} § 7 16 . 0 f§ an d 3? 2 6 0 2 a n 5?
. f d
7 . 0 f § a nd 1 7 17 0f §
. a nd l
, 7 27 . 0f 1 d 97 an
8 . 0f § a nd
g 7 18 0 f §
. and ll 7
a 28 . 0f 1 a nd g 7
9 . 0f } a n d l ? Of g a n d § 7 29 . 0f § a nd H 7
10 . Of fi a nd
i ? 2 0 Of fia n d fi ?
. 30 . Of i an d 7
13 7
11 Of
.
3 a nd 7 21 . Of d 1, 7
an
1 31 . Of 3 d H 7 an
12 Of.
Q a n d 7
1, 7 22 . Of 3 d 7 an 32 . Of 3 d 57 an
13 Of.
3 a nd { I 7 23 . Of 1 3 d {7 7 an 33 . Of 31 d g 7 an
14 Of.
4 a nd { 5 7 24 . Of 9 § d 57 an 34 . Of 3 d , 7 an 1
1
35 Fi d 69
. n is . 37 . Fi d 2 ;n Fi d 3; n
36 Fi d 3;
. n 4; 38 . F i d 63 1 9
n . 40 . Fi d 8 ; 33
n .
Fi d th n e su m
4 1 Of fi 1
.
, , 5and . 44 . Of and 55 .
4 2 Of 5 3
.
, , a n d 3 . 45 . Of 53 ,
a nd 82 .
4 3 Of 1
.
i 3
6, , a n d i . 46 . Of 7 1 5 3 7
, 1 6: and 7 157 .
47 Af te r b gg f od f
u r n in a w o o d, M S h aw h ad 2 of
w m h w ood h d h
o c r o r.
a cor d l ft e . H o u c a e at fir s 7t
48 F ro m a t t o
s re e c rn e r a wa lk w l i d Q of m
as il i a a e n
mil i
.
on e di t i o d i f
re c n, a n o a e n oth
an W h t l gth f er . a en o
w lk w
a l id 7 as a
49 T mk b it q i d a f po d f fi i hi g
o a e a ox re u re o a un o n s n
m
.
na il g , s,f po d of b d a d A of un po d of g
o i p t rak s, a n » a u n ac s .
W h t w i ght of lldid i t q i 7
a e a re u re
50 H w m y y d of ilk i th
. o an m t ar s s n re e re n a n s, on e con
t i i g 1 5y d
a n n 28 y d ar d th th Q f y d ?
s , on e ar s, a n e o er o a ar
51 M .W i b ght l th t $ 1 } p y d ; h
r. se ou ld it c o a 1 er ar e so so
as to g i p y
a n d W h t di d h er i p y
ar d 7. a e r e ce ve er ar
52 O t f k of k
u o 12 3 g l
a l w
cas old 22 e r ose n e , a on s e re s
m m
.
,
g allo l k
ns d t d
ea 1 5; e i d ouH w ,
y
an g ll re a ne . o an a ons
w i th
ere nk tfi t7 e ca s a rs
53 W h t i th n m b a t of w h i h if i b t k
s e u 3 w ill er ou c e a en
mi
.
re a n 7
54 . H ow m y d of f
an ro s e n ce l
w il i n c lo se a t r ia ng l u ar l
ot
w ho thse ree si d e s ar e r e s p tiv ly

ec e 5g, a n d 4 } r od l s on g ?
S u b tr a c ti o n .
55 . W ha t wi ll re mi a n if i be su bt t d f omg 7
r ac e r
To su btra c t fr o m both fra cti ons m u st be c h an g e d to fra cti ons

h a v in g a commd m i on e no n a tor . A m .
56 W h t w ill mi if
a re a n be ta k e n ou of Q 7
t Ans
mi
. .
57 . W h a t w ill re a n if g be tk
a e n ou t of 4 ; 7 Ans . 35 .
58 F om5t r a k e 67 F om9 t k
r a e i 76 F m3 t k 4
ro a e
F om3 t F omg t k F m3 t k i
. . . .
59 r a k e g 68 r a e 77 ro a e
F m
1
F om t k F m
. . . . .
60 3 tro a k e 69 r 1 a e 5 78 g
rot k 3 a e
F o m3 t F om3t k F om{ t k g
,
. . . . .
61 r a k e 3 70 r a e fi 79 r i a e
F om3 t F mt k F mi t k
t
. . . . . .
62 r a k e 71 ro a e 13 80 ro a e
F m3 t F m2 t k F oma,t k 1
. .
7 . .
63 ro a k e 3 72 ro a e 3 81 r a e 1 .
F m3 t F mt k F m3 t k 3
5
. . . . .
64 ro a k e 73 ro a e 5 8 2 ro 1 a e 1
F m1, t F omQ t k F o m3 t k
. . . . .
65 ro a k e g 74 r a e 3 8 3 r a e
F omg t F om5t k F omg t k 3

. . . . .
66 . r a k e 9 . 75 . r a e
3 84 . . r a e .
ADDI T I ON AN D S UB T B A C T I ON .
81
85 . W h a t i s 1 § le ss Q 7 88 . W h a t i s 4 i l e s s 1 37
86 . W ha t i s 22 l e ss 5; 7 89 . W ha t i s 3} l e s s 137
87 W ha t i s 33 l e ss 10, 7 90 . Wh a t i s 4 3 l e s s 2 2 7
91 . Fi d 33 n g. 94 . Fi d 5} n 13 . 97 . Fi d 6 }
n
92 . Fi d 2 1 n
i. 95 . Fi d 4 g n 23 . 98 . Fi d 8?
n 63 .
93 . Fi d 2 ; n g. 96 . Fi d 5} n 12 . 99 . Fi d 7 5
n 53 .
1 00 hph A w i - a n dle is 5ofy d lo g d th w hi p l h

a ar n
mh lo g i th l h th th
, an e -
.
as
is 1 3 y d lo g ar s n . H ow u c n er s e as an e
h a n dle 7
1 01 To pl ghou a g a r d en t k 2 3ho
oo t pl t i t t ok
H w mh l
u rs ; o
ti mdi d i t t k t
.
an o
11} ho u rs . o u c e ss e a e o plo gh th u an
t plo t th g dan 7 e ar en
102 F om log 20 3f t lo g 10 5f t w r a ee n ee e r e sa w e d W ha t
gth f th mi i g p t 7
.
, .
w th l
as e en o e re a n n ar
103 S om hop pol 12 3 f t lo g w e t - es ee n e r e se f tiee n th e

m
.
g d
r ou n H w y f t w b g o d o7 an ee e re a ov e r u n
mi
.
104 I f d i t h i to b 15§ od lo g a d c s e r s n a n r od s re a n
t b d g h w mh h
.
,
o e l dy b d g 7
u , o uc as a r e a een u
A d di ti o n and S u b tr a c ti o n .
62 F om b
l o t i i g 31} g llo th l k d
105 r a ar re c n a n n a ns e re ea e
H w m h th mi d 7
. .
7 5 g llo a ns. o u c e n re a ne
106 T w gi t t f omth mpoi t goi g i p

o en ne s s ar r e sa e n , n n o
m
.
p i
os t di t i
e t th t
re c of 153 i l ho
on s, o n e th a e ra e es an u r, e
oth t th t of 20 m
er a il H w f
e p t w i ll th y b
ra e °
1r es . o ar a ar e e
a t th d of e en ho 7 on e ur
10 7 I f m h 12 } doll l ft ft p yi g 3§ d ll
a an as ar s e a er a n o ars
m d of doll t th h w m h h d h t
.
1
t
o on e a n an 1 a ar o ano e r, o u c a e a
15
108 p ddl p A e e r s e nt i n on e da y 2 § d llo ar s for th e u se of

t m3 of doll
.
a ea a ar for k pi g i t
ee n a n d 15 d llo a rs for oth er
m
, ,
ex p Wh t w
e n se s . a as th e a o t of h i
u n s ex p e n se s 7
82 M EN T AL 4 3 1 7 17 31137 1 0 .
109 of th p pil of
Afte r hool h v l ft d g b e u s a sc a e e an ave
b p m ot d wh t p t mi 7
.
,
een ro e a ar re a ns
,
110 A f i td l fo d t th
. ru lo of d y th t h h d
ea e r u n , a e c se a a , a e a
on h d f i t w hi h o t 2 doll
an ru d th t h h d
c i d
c s 1 a r s, an a e a r e ce ve
l f omh i l I f 2 } doll of h i
1 5
5} dol ar s r h w p fit
s sa e s . . ar s s ca s as ro ,
wh t w a th o t of h i f i t 7
as e c s s ru
111 H w m y po d i
. o fo h an w i gh i g p u n s n u r c e e se s e n , r e s ec
ti l 31 d 4 1 1 po d 7
ve y a 5 an u n s
112 I f A l i v 12 m
, ,
il t of B d es l ti v liv 5} es e as a n a re a e es
m t of B h w f m t A t v lto i i t th i l tiv ?
.
,
il e s e as , o ar u s ra e v s s re a e
113 I g l th top f t w b ok ff 153f t

n a a e e o a re e as r en o ee
f omth g d I f th p t b ok ff m d 182 f t
.
r e r ou n . e ar r en o e a su r e ee ,
wh t w a th h i ght of th t
as e b fo th g l 7
e e re e e re e a e
1 14 I f y p d f d y i l p t y ml i i
ou s en o a a n s ee a ou r e a s, n
hool d } i wo k w h t p t of yo timh v y l ft
.
,
sc 1 r
, an n a ar u r e a e ou e :
pl y 7 H w m y h
1 ,
f
or a 7 o an ou r s
115 M y i . q i d t p d 2 ho i t dy y i
ar s re u - re o s en u rs n s u e ve r i
e v i g I f h p d ho i h i t y 3 f
en n s e s ho i "
en s u r n s or o an ur n
i th m
.
,
ar ti 3 f ho
e c, i g og phy
o and th ti d w — u r n e ra an e re s n ra f
i g h w m h timdo
,
h p d i d wi g 7 e es s e s en n ra n
b i th t to wh i h if y dd th m1
o u c
m
n ,
116 Wh t . a nu er s a c , ou a e su
wi ll b 1 1 } 7
e
11 7 W h t m b i th t f omwhi h if y t k 4 5 th
a nu er s
mi d w ill b 7 fi 7
. a r c , ou a e e
,
re a n er e
118 A t d t
. d a of q i of p p
s u en M o d y
u se of a u re a e r on n a ,
a q i T
u r e on d y of q i u es W d d y a Th a u re on e ne s a on u rs
F i d y H w m h p p did h
, ,
d y a da n on r a 7 If h o u c a er
t fi t h w mh p p
, . e u se e
h d 3q i
a u re s a h d h l ft 7
rs , o u c a er a e e
1 19 A d l i mll w p i d 6 d ll f o p 1g
ea er n s a ar e s a o ars or s a
doll f om
.
,
ar s b d 2 } doll
or c f oth ti l
s, an At th ars or er ar c e s. e
c lo of th d y h fo d h h d f h i d y l 7 dol
se e a e un e a or s a
’
s sa e s 3
H w mh h d h
1 6
la r s, and 5 doll wo th of go d s
1
1 6 ar s
’
r o . o uc a e
g i d th good old 7
a ne on e s s
M ULT I PLI C A T I ON AN D D I VI S I ON . 83
S EC T I ON X X VI .
M U L T I PL I C A T I ON AN D D I VI S I O N OF FRA C T I ON S .
63 . 1 . H ow my
an ar e 4 ti mi 7es
u tion
S ol . Fou r ti mi es a re which e qu al
s A m im . 4 t es
f are i t
In mltiplyi
u ng by 4, by wh a t ope ra tion is th e r e su lt,
H ow my an a re
2 t im a7 es (
7 ) 3 ti m 97 es 9 ti m 8} 7
7 tim 2 7
es
es 6 ti m 7 es 5 im 7 37
t es
8 tim i 7 es 4 ti m 57 es 8 t im 1 7 7
6 t i m 37 4 t i m 12 } 7
es
es 9 ti m f 7 es
5 ti m i 7
es
7 t i m 1} 7 t m 1157
a
es es 10 i es
17 . At 8 } a da y, wh a t are a bo y ’
s wa g es for 4 dy a s 7
18 W ha t t3 sa ws, a t 8 1} h7
w mh i
. cos e ac
19 . H o uc nk w il l fill7 b ttl
o e s, e ac h holdi g n
5 of a
i t 7
my b
p n
20 H ow an u sh e s l in 6 b a r r e s ofl 33 b hlu s e s e ac h
m t t im
.
21 If 5 e n ca n di g a tr e n ch i n 4 2 d a y s, in wh a
m di g i t 7
. e can
1 an
64 . 22 . H ow my an ar e 2 i t mi 7 es
Sol
u ti on . T wo ti mi
es are
i , wh i c h e qu a l
s
1 . A m5 . .
I n th e a bove e xa m l
e th e re su t Q cou l d be l obt i d by
m
p a ne a t once
di viding th e de no ina tor of th e frac tion 1} by 2 . W the us find th a t
T h e pu pi h lm o
w t h f th i b h w i th ff t f o
ml m m
a
y s e re aso n or s y s n g e e e c o
u ti pl i
y gn th e nu e ra to r , an d th e olfe ct o f di vi d i n g t h e de n o i na t or .
84 M E N T AL ARI T M TI O .
4 ti m§7 es 4 ti m fi7 es 9 ti m fi7 es
2 ti m g es 7
(29 ) 7s tim es 3 7 8 im t es 7
3 ti m g 3 ti m 10 i m
.
1 1 .
7 3
es 7 es
( 5 t es 7
5 ti m m 5 ti m 8
.
7 e s 136 3L
( ) 4 ti es 3 7
es 5
6 tim m 37 m
13 15
5
es 1 ? 7 3 ti es 6 ti es
38 k If ll t 4 l m
w il
a q p 7 f ho
uar t of e ro s e n e as a s 1 , o an u r,
h w l g w ld i t l t 1 l m
.
o on p ou as a 7
39 I f 10 h t lt f g ] i 3 h i
or se s ca n ca r 3 o o ra ve n 7 o u r s, n
w h t ti m
1 6
.
a 1 h t it e ca n o r se ca r 7
40 W k i g 4 h d t t b l
'
or n d hi ou r s a ay , an a cc o u n a n a a n ce s
H w m y d y w ld i t h
.
b ok i
o 23 d ys n a t k s . o an a s ou ave a e n,
w ki g 1 h
or d y
n ou r a a 7
.
41 I f fi ld ti i g4 a i J f th l d I w
e co n a n n 7 acr e s s o e an o n,
h w mh l d d I w
»
.
13 ,
o uc an o o n 7 .
42 P o i d d 1 d ll w i ll b y
r v po d of g h w
e o ar u u n s su ar, o
m h w ill 8 d ll b y 7
.
u c o ars u
65 43 At th e r a te of a of a } p ou n d of w lt oo o a y d ar h ow
m y po d d t mk
. .
,
an u n s of w oo w i l ll be re q u ir e o a e 10 y a r d s of
c loth 7
44 . H ow my h an ou r s
’
w o k w i l l$ 2 0 p
r a
y fo r , i f 1 py a s for
3} h ou r s w
’
ok
r 7
45 . T h e re ar e 16 } f ti
ee n a r od . H ow my f t an ee ar e th e re
in 5 ro s d 7
Fi d th o tn e c s
4 6 Of 5 k i t $ h d 2 w h t to t$
n ve s a h 7 e a c a n e s ne s a 3 e ac
d of t t $ 3 po d d 4 l m
13 , 1 3
.
.
4 7 Of 6 po. p t $7 ?
un s ea a a u n , a n a s a 1
eac h .
48 Of 7 t . t 8 1 3 h d 10 i t $1
re e s a h 1 6 e ac ,
an v ne s a 3 eac
1 6 .
4 9 Of 3 do. gg t 8 g p d d 2 pl gh t $ 55
zen e s a er oz .
,
an ou s a 1
e ac h .
50 Of 5 o t. t h d 6 t t $ 2} h
c a s a e ac , a n ve s s a e ac .
M UL T I PLI C A T I ON AN D D I VI S I ON . 85
Fi d th o tn e c s
51 Of 9 h t .t 8 1} h d 12 d k t $ 4 7
c h ar s a e ac , a n es s a
16 e a c .
52 Of 4 l k t 83
. h d4 i t 8 2} h
ar s a e ac , a n ca na r e s a e ac .
53 Of 4 pki t $
. h d 8 i g t $ 1} h
na ns a 3 e ac
9 5 , a n r n s a e ac .
54 Of 4 .il t $ 8} h d 1 t (6) poo t $ 32

anv s a e ac , a n se s ns a a
s po o n.
55 Of 6 . t 8} h d 3 h i t 82 h
r a z or s a e ac , a n c a rs a 9
1} e ac .
56 Of 1 2 b ll of twi
. t $3 h d 6 t i t $2 3 a s ne a e ac , a n cu r a n s a
e ac h .
66 . 57 . If 5 or a ng es be di id d q lly
v e e ua a m
o g 3 boy
n s,
w h t p t of th
a ar e o g ran es wi ll boy h v
on e a e 7 W ha t p t ar
w ill 2 boy h v s a e 7
58 . Wh a t is } of 57 Wh at is § 0f 57
S ol
u ti on On e th i rd of 5 is 5 an d 4
} of 5 is 2 ti m} es w h i h i s
m
.
, , c
I
} ,
or A . of 5 is [ S e e
p g
a e s 15 a nd
N T I T a ki n g g of 0 m
b is cal
led mli plyi t i t by T he
mliply
O E . . nu er u ng
a bov e il
lu stra ti ons sh ow th a t th e e x p re ssi on g of 5 de notes both u t
i n g 5 by a nd di vi di ng 5 by 8 h e n ce ,
5 x (
5 mli pli d by
u t e
5 2 3(
-
5 di v i de d by a nd
of 5 a l
lde n ote th e sa mp e o e ra ti on .
59 . Fi n d of 4 . 65 . Fi n d9 o f 9 . 71 . Fi n d 5 of
1 } 20 .
60 . Fi n d 3 f4 o . 66 . Fi n d3 of 6 . 72 . Fi n d 3 of
11 5 .
61 . Fi n d of 6 . 67 Fi n d3 of 7 . 73 . Fi n d of 24 .
62 . Fi n d 2 of 6 . 68 . Fi n d} i of 20 . 74 . Fi n d of 11 .
63 . Fi n d g f4 o . 69 . Fi n d8 of 20 . 75 . Fi n d3 of 15 .
64 . Fi n d of 7 . 70 . Fi n d 3
1} of 19 . 76 . Fi n d of 13 .
77 l k. py 6 p g i 1 ho h w m h
If a c er ca n co a es n u r, o u c ca n
h opy i of ho 7 i g f h
e c n an ur n o an ou r 7
78 At 8 7 b l w h t i th
. t f 3 f b l of pa ar r e , a s e c os o o a arr e e ars 7
7 9 W h t i th. o t of 105} b h l f oy t
a t $2 p s e c s u s e s o s e rs a er
b h l7
us e
80 . Wh a t i s th e c os t of 5} q u a r ts of h c e rr i e s a t 10 c e nts a
q u ar t7
81 ho go 9 m M y il ho If
r se t m g es e s an u r a s ea -car oes
2 9 ti m f t h w f d th t m go i 1 ho ?
. .
e s as as , o ar oe s e s ea -ca r n ur
82 A boy w h pl t d 6 d g th d 12 } ti m my
o an e se e s a e re e s as an
H w m y did h g th 7
.
o an e a er
83 H w m y t o th i doll 7 i g t
an ce n s are e re n on e ar n o a
doll 7 H w m y i g of doll 7 i g of doll ?

.
ar o an n a ar n a ar
W h t i th o ta s e c s
84 Of do
. oll t 8 3 do 7 t 8 5 do
zen c ? ar s a a zen a a zen
85 Of 3 b . l of flo t 8 7 b l 7 t 8 11 b l ?
ar re u r a a arr e a a a rr e
86 Of 2 do. pki t 8 8 do 7 t 8 9 do ?
z en na ns a a z en a a z en
8 7 W h t i 2 of 8 7
. a s
S l ti
ou f g i on d 3 f i i 3 tim
. owhi h i } §s an o s es c s ,
or
Ans of
.
Q i is
W ha t is
2 of 7 9
( 2 ) of 9 7
1 11
3 3 of 3}
of 9 7 of
3 {3 7 g of 4}
‘
P
3 of
{i 7 3 of 7 2 1
5 g of 5} 7
of g 7 f of
i
3}t 7 9
1, of 31 6
3 7
1 00 M ultiply 10} by 1 03 Wh a t is 4} i t m 31 7 es
8 } ti m 6 7
. .
101 M lti ply 8} by 9 104 Wh a t is

m 10 ?
. u . . es
102 . M ultiply 3} by 1 05 . W ha t is 12 } ti es
1 06 . Fi d 9 of 153
n .
N T
O E II . 152 14 12 . It my b m
a e ore conve n i en t for th e pu pil
to g e t i} of 14, a nd th e n 4} of 12 .
10 7 . Fi d i f
n o 109 . Fi d n 7
1 1 of 4 7 136 .
1 08 . Fi d 3 of
n 11 0 . Fi d n 7
1} of
1 11 . W h a t shou ld be p id f
a or 3 of d y a a
’
s w ok r at 81 }
3
p e r
da y 7
M ULT I PLI C A T I ON AN D DI VI S I ON . 87
1 12 If of y a ar d of k
si l was md i t 5 q l q
a e e ua s u ar e s,
mh
n o
H w m h di d 4 q
.
n
ow u c di d 1 q s u are con ta in 7 o uc s u ar e s
1 13 . M y ra s
’
h at c s o t 8 2 3; J o ’
s i e s cost 4; as mh uc . Wh at
did J os i e ’
s cos t7
1 14 Ru th l iv es ” of mi l f m ho l
a ro y l iv 3 Lu c es
m
e sc o
m d Wh t p
.
4
.
th at di t th s a n ce
a on e sa e ro a t of ari l do a e es
p t fa m
.
L y w lk to go t
uc hool 7 W h t
a o sc a ar i l t go t
o e o o
R th 7 u
’
s
115 T h old N w E gl d h ill i g w e 16} t ; th t fe n an s n as ce n s a o
m m
.
N w"o k w
e
1 h r H w h w t
ash old N w " k
as uc . o uc as e e or
li g 7
hil
S n
67 1 16 I f M
. V di vi d d of p i q lly b tw
. rs . an c e e a e e ua e een
h 2 h i ld
er w h t p t of th p i di d
c h h ild h v 7
re n, a ar e e eac c a e
Wh t i of 7 a s
S l ti If h th i d b di id d i to 2 q l p t 3 th i d
lb di id d i to 3 ti m 2 wh i h i 6 q l p t
o u on . ea c r e v e n e ua a r s, r s or
le wh l wil o e one e v e n es , c s e ua ar s
=
h ce , of is A ns .
[ S e e pg
a e 17 0 for o
se c nd sol
u ti on ]
N or ]: III T aki ng of is le d
ca l mltiplyi by H th e
m
. u ng e n ce ,
Q te e nt i n N ote I . Ar t 66, a p plies to th is

. a rti c l
e.
117 . W h a t i s } of } 7 } of } 7 } of } 7
118 . Wh a t i s } of } 7 } of } 7 } of } 7
119 . W h a t i s } of } 7 } of 115 7 } of } 7
I n g e ttin g of h ow was th e de n o i na tor m of th e ans we r fou n d 7
Wha t p a r t
of w hol thi g a e n ar e
120 Fif th of fo th 7 th i d of t th 7
. s v th of fif th
ur s r s en s se en s s 7
121 T h i d of i th 7 i th
. r f i th 7
s i th of i th
s x s s x s o s x s n n s s x s 7
122 F i fth of fifth 7 fo th f t th 7 t th of t th
. s s u r s o en s en s en s 7
Gi v w t th foll w i g
e ans e rs o e o n
of 7 mltipli d by 7 + 3 7 u e
1 of mltipli d by 7 u e 7
m
1 6
12
( ) 5 f 7 3 lt i pl iod by 7 1 Z 9 7 1} u e 1
1 } 1 }
-
M EN T AL A RI T H M E T I C
’
88 .
126 o of doWha t v t t 8 do ?i s th e c st z e n cr a a s a a z en
m
.
12 7 A o w.i g of h i p ld of h i
an h W h t n n a s so s s are . a
p t of th h ip did h ll 7
m
ar e s e se
128 I f of t h. y lty h i i h d q l
l b
y y e ro a on a ac ne s s ar e e ua
3p wh t p t h
e r so n s , hp o 7 a ar a s e ac e rs n
129 . W h a t is } of i 7 i of }
?
u ti on
S ol .
} oi
} fa t i {
is of is m and i of
} i s 3 ti es
{a which m
S 17 0 for se cond so l u ti on )
An s . of
Q 36 [
i s 2 e e p g
a e . .
130 . W h a t i s } of § 7 } of § 7 g of 1 7
131 . W h a t i s g of } 7 { of } ? 3of § 7
132 . W h a t i s i of 37 g ot } ? § of § 7
I n fin di n g of wh a t m
b mli pli d g th t t to e t the
m
o ge
m mlipli d t g th
nu e rs a re u e er
ne w de no i n ator , 15 7 Wh at n u b e rs are t e o e er to get.

m
u
th e ne w nu e ra tor , 8?
Wh at is
} ofmltipli d by g 7 (139 ) 2 }
7 7 136
( ) 3 u e x
m
a
1 6
1
( )
3 4 f of
3 g lt
7 i pl i d by 2 7 1 } 1 } u e x 7
m
t
1
( )
3 5 g lt
of , 7 i pl1i
1 d by 5 7 4 2 1 } 7 u e x
142 A boy w p om i d 82 d y f hias o k If h r se a a or s w r e
k d d y h m h ho ld h
. .
w or e a iv 7
, ow uc s u e r e ce e
14 3 W ill i w o k d 3 d y t pi ki g p e ;rF k w
e o k d a s a c n e as r an r e
m m
.
2 l
as g H on h t i .di d F k w o k
ow 7 u c e r an r
144 py f . of d y wo k f wh t p t f
If 81 a s or 116 a a
’
s r , or a ar o a
d y w o k w i ll 8 } p y 7
a
’
s r a
145 F m h d q lly i p yi g f ml whi h

. ou r en s are e ua n a n or a ea c
cot s I Vh t w th h of h 7 ’
a as e s are e ac
14 6 A t i l h vi g 3of b l of loth old 3 of i t Wh t

. a or a n a a e c , s . a
p t of th b l did h ll 7
ar a e
h w my
e e se
14 7 I 1 d .16} f t nI 1 of d ro are ee . n a ro ar e o an
f t7ee
NO T E. T ake 2 of 16, th e n ta ke 2 of 5 .
M UL T I PL I C A T I ON AN D D I VI S I ON . 89
1 48 Ip i d 8 5} f
a or r e p gm
a i r in y w t h d a c a n mh f
as u c or
gm w m h did I p y f p ii gm
,
.
re p a i r in y gl a ss e s . H o u c a or r e
ya r n
gl asse s 7
14 9 . W a te r
gh 62 } po d bi foot we i s un s a cu c . H w my o an
po d i
u n f bi foot 7
s n o a cu c
1 50 T h fo . id of q e lot of l d u r s es a s u ar e an m 66 }
e as u r e
rod W h t i th l gth of
s id 7
a s e en on e s e
1 51 A m o w d 3} m m t
.
. il i 1 h an r At th e es n ou r . e sa e ra e,
h w f
o o ld h w i 2 } ho
ar c u e ro n u rs 7
1 52 I f 6 } y d .f i bbo b bo ght f 8 1 h w m h
ar s o r n ca n e u or , o u c
can b b ght f e g of d ll
ou 7 or a o ar
1 53 I f b h l of p
. l f
l a f w h t w i ll 1 } b h
us e e as se s or or a u s
l
e s sell 7
154 A p i of w ll 2 11 od lo g w b i lt i
e ce d y a r s n as u n on e a
H w m h o ld b b i lt i 1} d y m t 7
1
. .
o uc t th
c u e u n a s a e sa e ra e
155 W h 13 b h l of p t t w i ll p y f
en b g of u s e s o a oe s a or a a
o h w m y b h l of pot to wi ll p y f 2 } b g of
.
c r n, o an u s e s a es a or a s
c or n 7
156 . t
q lly i b i ldi g a of of
If 2 o wn s s d h are d e ua n u n a r oa ,
wh t w th
a h ht w 7
as e s ar e of e ac o n
1 57 W h t i .f 3 f f th i g a s o o o a n 7
158 H vi g M D w g v g f i t to S
a n d 2 r re a e o u sa n a n as
m h to M y W h t p t f th m
. .
u c o y did h gi t
ar . a ar o e ne e ve o
M y7
ar
159 W h t i 2 f 3 f i f
. mb a s o o o a nu er 7
1 60 W h t i
. f of a16 7 I Vh t i g X a X 2 } 7
s o 7 . a s
16 1 W h t i
. f g f 7 16 8 W h t i
a s X 2 X 5} 7o o . a s
1 62 Wh t i } f } f §
. a169 W h t i s o o 7 . a s
1 63 W h t i i f
. of } 7 a17 0 W h t i 2 X i X 4 } 7
s o . a s
1 64 W h t i i of g f 37
. a17 1 W h t i 3 X 3 X I } 7
s o . a s
1 65 . W h a t i s g of } of § ? 17 2 .
1 66 . W h a t i s } of } of § 7 17 3 .
90 M EN T AL A RI T H M E T I 0 .
SECTION X X VI I .
D I VI S I O N OF FRA C T I O N S .
68 . 1 . H ow m y tim i
an es s Q c o t
n a in e di n 47
S ol
u ti on 4 e q u al is con ta i ne d in my i m
mi
s t 2
m
.
as an e s as
is t
con a i n e d ti es n 12 , whi ch i s 6 . Ans 6 ti . es .
[ S e e pg
a e 17 0,
for se c ond sol
u ti on
2 H ow m y ti m i o t i d i 2 7 i 5 7 H
an es s c n a ne ow my
ti m i
. n n an
es s o t i d i 37 i 4 7
m y ti m i 3 o t i d i 3 7 i 5 7
c n a ne n n
3 H ow an es s c n a ne n n
m y ti m i g o t i d i 3 7 i 4 7
.
4 H ow an es s c n a ne n n
m y ti m 7 g 7 g 7
.
5 Th re e i h s ow an es
m y ti m 7 7 7
.
6 Fo ur i h s ow an es 3 5
m y tim 2 7 g 7 7
.
1 } 1 ;
7 . Fi v e i h s ow an es 7
1}
8 Divi d
by g ; 7 by } ; 10 by
e 8 1
; 4 by
w m y y d of f i g
.
1 6
9 . H o t
an ar s r n e a 8} a y d ar ca n be bou ght
for 8 3 7
10 H ow my b g an a s, e a c h o t c n a in i n g 2 of a gill c a n be
f om8 gi ll of d 7
.
,
fill e d r s se e s
11 I f h i . b t d t 8} h h w my
c a rs b
c an e se a e a e ac , o an ca n e
t d f 86 7
se a e or
12 F i g b i g 8 2} p
. e nc n d h w m y od b e n er ro , o an r s can e
b ilt f 8 7 7
u or
13 O p h b i g w o th 3 m h a o g h w
ne e ac e n r as u c as n ra n e, o
m y p h w i ll p y f 1 do o g 7
.
an e ac es a or zen ra n es
14 I l ft of w ood 6 f t l g h w m y ti k
. n a c e h 1} ee on , o an s c s e ac
f t lo g 7
ee n
15 H w m y j g
. h o t i i g 19 g ll
o w i ll hol d
an u s, e ac c n a n n a on s ,
12 g llo of i g 7
a ns v ne ar
16 H w m y b h l of p
. o p t 8} b h l an b u s e s a r sn e s, a a us e , can e
>ought f 8 3 7 or
D I VI S I ON OF FRA C T I ON S . 91
Hl
17 k t 8 of
If f i 1 d y i h w my
e en can ni 1 a sc a r n a , n o an
dy a h k it 6 f 7
s ca n s e n s ca r s
18 I f op t p b l t ath t of
co 1 i 3 ofer ca n se u ar r e s a e ra e n 1 }
h h w my
.
an h
ou r , t p i 9 ho
o 7 an ca n e se u n u rs
19 . H ow m y ti m i
an es s 3 c o t n a in e di n 2 7
S ol
u ti on a nd
i ch a ng e d to frac ti on s h a v i ng ommd m i
my tim 8 i
. a c on e no
na tor e q u a l 3 a n d 9 1 i s c on ta in e d i n 7 as
m
e s as s
Am1} ti m [ F
an
mi
1} 1, 1} 1}
con tai n e d ti es n 9 , w hi c h is or 1} ti e s. . es . or
se c on d sol
u ti on , se e pg a e
H ow m y ti m
an es
20 § in t 7 24 g }
m
in ?
. .
2 1 g in } ?
. 25 3 .
} ?
22 } i n 9 7
. 26 g i n } ?
.
23 i i n i ?
. 27 3 i n.
7
1 5 7
32 . D iv i d e 2} by l} .
33 . D i vi d e 6 } by
36 . D iv i d e 12 } by 5 .
N on 1 2 } divi de d by 5 e qu a l
s i
f
37 . Di ivd e 16 } by 11 . 39 . Di ivd e 3} by 8 .
D i vi d e 4 } by 3 . 40 . D i vi d e {}
l by 10 .
41 At 8 13} an ho ur for th e u se of bo t a a , for h ow mhuc
t i mw ill 8 3 p
.
e ay 7
4 2 I f b tt. u er is 8 a po d un ,
h ow m y po an un d s can be bou ght
for 8 l} 7
43 d di i d d 8 } m g ompoo hild
war Ho v e a on s e r c r e n, gi vi gn
th m8 h H w m y h i ld w th 7
.
e 3 e ac o an c ren e re e re
44 I f m
95 .
ill i p t g of y d f w i i to
a ne r u s a ar o re n on e h a t, h ow
my h t
.
an h wi wi th 2 } y d 7
a s ca n s e re ar s
4 5 H w m y t ip h 2 } f t lo g
o w an s r s, e ac ee n c an e cu t f om
r
pi of m
,
.
a o ldi g 13} f t lo g 7
e ce u n ee n
92 M EN T A L ARI T H M E T I C .
46 Wh e n 3 of a p ou n d of c otto n mk a es 1 y d of l th
ar c o
m h will 6 } po d mk
,
.
h ow u c u n s a e 7
47 H m y blo k h ow an c s, e a c of an in c h lo g n , ca n be sawed
f om t i p 3} i h l g
.
r a s r nc es on 7
48 .pot to W he n
w o th 8 2 } b l w h t q tity
a e s are r a arre , a u an
of pot t w i ll 8 b y7
a oe s 9 u
4 9 H w m y ti m w i ll m
1 }
. o w h l 3} y d i
an i f es a ee ar s n c r cu er
e n cet i g i g di t u rn of 59 y d 7
n o n a s a n ce ar s
50 Ro h d 8 1} d iv d 8 } m
se o H w my y d
a an re ce e re . o an ar s
of m l i t 8 } y d o ld h b y w i th h m y 7
.
u s n, a a ar , c
u s e u er on e
51 H w m y t p 2 } f t o h i and 16 } f t ?
s e s, ee e ac n a ro or ee
52 A m l id 12 } od of w ll
.
, ,
an v gi g 2 } o d p fl
a r s a a e ra n r s e
H w m y d y d id i t t k 7
.
,
d y a o an a s a e
l i 8 7 } p t h w m h o l b b ght
.
53 W h . e n co a s er on, o uc c a can e ou
d
for 8 2 } 7 for 8 1 } 7
54 At 1 6 i e s p e r ou n
2 1 dm p d h ow m y po d of g
an u n s su ar
dm
.
,
c a n be u bo ght
for 8 } i e s 7
55 At 8 2 p e r
. g o h w m y g o of b tt
r s s, o b an r ss u ons ca n e
bo ght u for 8 7 } 7 W h t p t of g a b bo ght

ar a r oss ca n e u
for 8 } 7
56 . Whe n c a ol i s 8 7 p e r ton , w h t p t of
a ar a ton can be
b ght
ou for 8 2 } 7
M isc e l
la n e o u s.
69 . Fi d th n e a n sw e r s to th foll e ow i n g
3 x 2 5} 5 16}
9
1} 3 5} 9
i
-
4 5} x 5 3 g
of 5 of 5} 1 f}
J, o f g
, 9} x 6 2 g
x g 10 } i 7 -
3
of 7 of 9 } 3 5
2} x 3 1 1 x 11 } 4} + 9
i 1 d (
7 4 7
1 7 i 8
( 3 41 x d
R ELA T I ON S or N UM B E RS . 93
SECTION X X VI I I .
R ELA T I ON S OF N U M B ER S .
70 g 6 h p h d 3 of th mwh il
1 M r Fox h a v in s ee s e are e e
h d 2 d I mi d to b h d W h t p t
. . .
, ,
hi s s on s e ar e a n re a ne e s e a re a ar
of th h p mi d t b h d 7 W h t p t did M
.
,
e s ee re a ne o e s e ar e a ar r.
F h 7 W h t p t di d h i
ox s h 7
e ar a ar s son s e ar
N OT E I . Ex pre ss th e a nswe r s i n th e ir s mll t t m

a es er s .
2 . W h a t p a r t of 6 is l 7 of 6 i 37 f 6 i 2 7
s o 8
3 . W h a t p a r t of S i s 4 7 of 8 i 2 7 of 8 i 6 7
s s
4 . Wh at p 12 i s 6a r t of 7 of 12 i 4 7 of 12 i 3 7
s s
5 . Wh a t p ar t of 4 i s 3 7 of 3 i 4 7 f 3 i 5 7
s o s
Fro mh t e a bov e , it wi llbe th a t, i n fin din g th e pa rt whi c h

m m m
se e n on e
mb is of an oth e r , th e n u b wh i ch i s the p a r t i s a de th e n u /e
m m m
nu er er
r a tor , a n d th e nu b er m
wi th wh i ch i t is c p wr e d i s a de the den o i na tor
of a fi ae ti on .
6 If 6 h of f i tio mt h o t 9
b u nc es r c n a c es c s c e n s, t wh t p t a ar
t w i ll 4 b h o t 7 H w m y
.
of 9 ce n s u nc es c s o an ce n s t 7
S ol
u ti on . I f 6 bu n c h e s c os t 9 ce n ts, 4 bu n c h e s , w h i c h i s of 6
bu n ch e s, wi llc os t of 9 ce n ts, w h i ch i s 6 c e n ts . Ans . 6 c e n ts .
7 If 8 p
ho o t 8 12 w h t p t of 8 12 wi ll 6
a ir s of s es c s a ar
p i o t 7 H w m y doll
.
,
a rs c s o an ar s 7
8 Th t f k pi g w f
e 5mo th b i g 8 11 w h t
cos o ee n a co or n s e n a
o t of k p i g h f 10 m th 7
.
,
i th
s e c s ee n er or on s
9 I m i ll tw .lo m i g t th
n m a are o o s ru nn n a e sa e
sp d;ee w loth 2 y d w id th th i f y d
on e e ave s c ar s e, e
t im w h t p t m h wi ll th
.
o er o a ar
w id I gi
e . n a d ve n e, a ar as u c e s e c on
w v ea th fi t 7 e as Wh t p t f 2 i i 7 e rs a ar o s
S ol
u ti on . 2 e qu a l
s
Q } I
is th e sa mp e a rt of
i.
th a t 3 is of 8 , w h i ch
is it
.
Ans .
i .
[ For se c on d sol
u ti on , se e
pa
g e
10 . f 3 i § 7 of 3 i § 7
Wh a t pa r t of 2 is § 7 o s s
11 . i g ? f 2 i 37 f 5 i § 7
Wh a t pa r t of 4 s O s o s
12 W h t p t f 6 i § 7 f 7 i 37 of 3 i 1 57
. a ar o s O s s
13 W h t p t of 10 i 357 of 10 i 2 ; 7
. a ar s s
14 I f o l i 8 5 t w h t p t of
c a t sl 8 2b y?
w il a on , a ar a on u
p om
.
15 E w . i d w i t i g d k o ti g 8 6 w h
va as r h se a r n es c s n en s e
h d a d 8 1 } to w d p y i g f
e ar n e it F w h t p t f th ar s a n or . or a ar o e
d kw h p t dt p y7
es as s e ex ec e o a
16 A m o ed 1 } b h l of l
asi m to y 4
n u s b h l f u s e s e eve r u s e s o
mo t W h t p t of th m o t w li m
.
r ar a ar e r ar as e 7
m 84
.
17 R k i g d y 10 ho
ec d th w g
on n f a a u r s, a n e a es o a an
a d y w h t h ld b p i d
a ,
m f 7 } ho w k 7
a s ou e a a an or 1 u rs
’
or
N OT E ll . First find wh a t part of a da y 7 } h ou rs i s .
by g i g m
18 il i 4 m
I f, i t t o n a e n nu e s, a r av e ll er can r e a ch f
"
i w h t t im
.
h i d ti ti
s i 8 hes na on n ou r s , n a e ca n he re a c h i t by
goi g m ni l i 3} m i t 7
a e n nu es
19 W h t p t of i i 3 7
. a ar s
N OT E 111 . C h a ng e 2 a nd 3 to a co md m
m i t on e no na o r . Ans . 1g .
[ For se con d solu ti on , se e pa ge
W h a t pa rt
20 . Of fii s fl? 24 Of fl i s fl ?
. 28 . Of § i s § 7
21 . Of fii s i ? 2 5 Of fii s } ?
. 29 . 0 f 13 is g 7
1
22 . Of fii s § 7 26 . Of 9 i s § 7 30 . Of g i s li ?
23 Of .
§ i s § 7 Of 7 § i 3§ 7 27 . Of fi, i s fi? 31 . s
32 A p i. f flo ti g i f t th i k w fo d t h i f
e ce o a n ce ee c as u n o ave o
a fo t b w t
o W h t p t f i t d p th w
a ov e bo w t
a er a ar O s e as a ve a er 7
33 A m w h
.
. w dg f h o an ld f h Wh t
o o ne O a sc o n e r so o e r. a
f ti l p t f w h t h w d did h ll 7
ra on a ar o a e o ne e se
mb w hi h t 8 l; d
c
34 C u cu dd ly f ll i th
e rs c c os a oz e n su en e n e
mk t d w
.
ar ld t 8 ,t do
e an W h t p t f th i
e re so a l a
3r zen . a ar O e r
t did th y b i g 7
c os e r n
35 A pl m b f ihd l
. t 8 1 § w hi h
u t h im8 1}
er u rn s e va ve s a c c os
h W h t f ti f th
e ac . t w hi g i 7
a rac on o e c os as s a n
A PAR T GI VEN , T O FI N D T H E WH OLE . 95
SECTION XXIX .
A PAR T G I VEN , T O FI N D TH E WH O LE .
72 1 A v e s se l md a e 4 of vygher o a e i n 6 } da y s. In
tm mk
. .
wh a t i e co u ld sh e a e th e w hol oy g e v a e 7
2 I 1 of n a rod th e re ar e 5} f t I ee n a w hol e r od, h ow
my f t7
, . .
an ee
3 . C o fie e i s p ofit of 8 13
so ld b g
at a I f th i i i
r on a a . s s
of th e t wh t w
c os , th t7
a as e co s
4 . A h s f b k t k i wo th
ar e o an I f th i i i of i t
-s oc s r s s s
o r i g i na l l wh t w
va u e , th t v l a as a a ue 7
5 . M y t t 1 mh m
coa cos
y h t d th d
as ifi of
uc as a , an e e r e n ce
th e ir c os tw 8 34 W h t w
as th t of th
. t7 a as e c os e co a
5} is 5of w h a t nu mb er 7 81} is 1
of w h t 7 a
m
7 ,
(
7 6 ; is Q w at of h nu b er 7 12 } i s of w h t 7 a
10 Wh a t c os t s a b a r re l of fi h if 3 of b l o t $ 43
s a arr e c s s 7
h w mh
. ,
11 I f 8 g wi
. ll p ay for 1 1 , p o d of o p f
9 u n s s a , or o u c
l
w i l 8 1 pa y o
12 p i d 8 3} f g of d y w o k Wh t w o ld b p id
I a or a a
’
s r a u e a
m t
.
.
for a d y w o k t th
a
’
s r a e sa e ra e 7
13 A l i h d 62
ce 4 p g of h
a s r ea L t i w h i h i fa es er a n, c s 5 o
m
. 1 ,
t h w
e hol b k He w oo y p g . th i ot h b k
an 7 a es ar e ere n e oo
2} i f f wh t s mb 7 o 182 i i f w h t 7
a nu er s o a
4a i 5of w h t s m b 7 37 ; i 3 of w h t 7
a nu er s a
4 ? i 3 of w h t s m b 7 9; i 5 f wh t 7
a nu er s o a
2 } i 9 f wh t s m b 7o 33g ai nu f w h t 7
er s 1 0 o a
mb
1
, 5
62 5i 9 of w h t s g 5i of
a w h t
nu 7 er 7 s a
66 ; i Q of w h t sm b 7 3 i a fnuw h t 7 er s 14 o a
mb 7 (27 i i s of wh t 7
, , 1
83} i { a of w h t s a nu er s a
28 If i of a n a c re of l d ll an se s for 8 2 1, w h t will wh l
a a oe
my h p
.
ac r e se ll
for 7 H ow an s ee at 82 e ac h w ill p y f a or an
ac re 7
29 Fo of p o w g f
ur fifth s mo th 828 a e rs n s
’
a es or a n are
H w my w k
. .
o anbo d t 8 3 w k ee h p y with th
s
’
ar a a ee ca n e a e
mo th 7
, ,
w g a f es or on e n
2 8 i t of h w m y t i m 3 7
s o an es
42 i 9 of h w m y t i m 8 7
s o an es
44 i ) f h w m y t i m 10 7s 13 o o an es
54 i f h w m y t i m 12 7
s 19, o o an es
80 i A} f h w m y t i m 9 7
s " O o an es
11 0 i H of h w m y ti m 12 7 s o an es
56 i i f h w m y t i m 16 7 s o o an es
37 J h d 24 ane t d p t 2 of h a m o yf p c e n s, a n S en er ne or en
cil t9
s a t pi H w m h m y di d h
ce n s a p df e ce o u c on e s e s en or
H w my p
.
th p e il i l di d h g t
7 o an enc s s e e
7
d g v 3 f th mf
e nc s
38 G g h d 42 ppl
e or e a fih a e s, a n a e o e or s
ho k gi i g 3 ppl f 1 fi h h ok H w m y fi h hook
.
- s
o s, v n a es or s -
o . o an s
di d h e g e t 7
7 of 42 i s h ow m y ti m 3 7
an es
5 of 36 i s h ow m y tim 5 7
an es
m y tim 6 7
1 ,
3 Of 35 i s h ow an es
g of 64 i s h ow m y t im 7 7
an es
6 of 7 0 is h o w m y tim 8 7
an es
w m y ti m 9 7
1 6
9
1; of 33 i h s o an es
45 An n i fo e d 35 ly i l t d 9 of
u n e ar v o e s, a n th e mb h
nu er s e
m w m y d id
.
f ou n dw as
g of th b M g g i fo d e nu er a e u n . H o an
M a ggi fi d 7
e n
g 2
of 5 i s 8 of w a n u ht m
b 7 er
(
4 7 ) 3 O f 1 8 i s 2 Of w a n u ht mb er 7
m
1 1
6 of 2 6 is 3 f w hot a nu b 7 er
m
1 3
i of 2 8 is 7 o f wh t a nu b 7 er
m
1 ,
H, of 4 8 i s i of w h t a nu b 7 er
A PART GI VE N , T O FI N D T H E WH OLE . 97
51 . If Q of a y d of ilk w ig h
ar s e s 1} o u n c e s, w h at wi ll 10
y ar d s gh 7we i
52 I f i of d f w ll b l id i 2} h
a ro i wh to a ca n e a n o u rs , n a
tim
.
e ca n 5 od b l id 7 r s e a
53 I f 4 of b l of b f will l t f m a ily 3 m
arreo th h w ee as a a n s, o
l l t th f m
.
l g w ill 2 } b
on i ly 7 arr e s as e a
54 I f 2 of
. o d of w ood t 8 6 wh t w ill 7 o d
a c r t7 co s s , a c r s cos
55 M W i g ld 2 olt f 8 44 w h i h w 3 of w h t h so c s or c as a e
m
r n
m
. .
,
pa id f th or W h t d i d h
e p y f . th 7 a e a or e
56 I p i d 8 55f
. ah p whi h w 9 f wh t I i d
or a s ee , c as o a r e ce ve
for a h if W h t di d I
e er i f th h if a r e ce v e or e e er 7
m w lk 4 f mil i 7 } m
.
57 I f an i t
ca n i wh t a o a e n nu e s, n a
tim
a
h w lk 5 m
.
e ca n il 7 e a es
58 T h d i t f omBo e t Rs a nce i i of th d i t r u r ne o e e se s e s a nc e
f m t by th m o t I f th d i t
.
ro B t S ou r n e o a x on e sa e r u e e s a n ce
f m t i 20 m f om
.
ro R t S e e se il ow h t i th d i t
a x on s e s, a s e s anc e r
Bou rn e t S to 7 o ax n
59 A h i ld i 2 4 y c ld If h i s old h i m othe ar s o e s 110 a s as s e r,
d hi m
. .
an oth i 3 ld h i f th h w ld i h i f th 7
s er s as o as s a er, o O s s a er
60 T h i b b e re pol 4 2 f t of wh i h i p i t d
s a ar er s
’
e, ee c s a n e
t ip d d th mi d wh i h i i of th
.
whit 8 f t i
e, ee s s r e , an e re a n e r, c s e
wh l p l
o e i p i t d W h t i th l g th of th pol 7
s u n a n e a s en e e
p d i g g of h i m
o e, . e
61 Aft er s o y d gi i g w y of
en n s a ‘
l ft H w m y doll h d h t fi t
ne n v n a a
.
, rs
it Alb t h 87
er as 3 e o an ar s a e a rs 7
62 A m m
1 6 .
,
w d g of lt f l d
an d h i boy
o e of i t a an
If th m
o o a n s
mw th t of it i 2 2 ho i wh t tim
,
. .
e a n ca n o e res n u r s, n a e
cou ld h h mw d th w h l 7
e av e o e e o e
63 T h g f f e h ild a 13 y
es o 94 y 7
ou r c re n are e ars e ar s,
m f th i g
.
year s a n
, d 3} y p ti ly d th 3 e a r s, r e s ec ve , an e su o e r a es
13
g f t
oh g f th i f
e a th H w
e d
l i Oth i f th e r a er . o O s e r a er 7
64 A d l ll b tt t 2 7 t po d w h i h i 1 3
timth p i
. e a e r se s u er a ce n s a u n c s
,
es f hi he W h t i th p i
r ce o f hi h s c e e se a s e r ce O s c e e se 7
t m w
.
65 I f by w k i g 5 ho t d y 34 h or n d u rs o- a ou r s o -
or r o a n
f wo k h w m y
.
, ,
h th
ou r s t d y y d 5 f pi e ne x a ou o o a e ce o r o an
mi d 7
, , ,
hou r s w i ll i t t k y t d th a e ou o o e re a n er
98 M EN T A L ARI T H M E T I C
’
.
SE C TI ON XXX .
M I SC ELLA N E O U S .
73 . 1 . A di
r v e r r e ce i vd8
e 1
( 25 c e n t s ) for c arrying a
p ty bo t
ar a u th e ci ty for 14 ho u rs . W h a t w as th e pi r ce p er
ho 7 ur
2 . v d 2 4 t f th
I ra r e ce iof h i bo t of h
e ce n s or e u se s a an our .
W h t w th p i p ho 7
a as e r ce er u r
3 A m old of h i f m d h d 100
an s l ft H w s ar an
my
. a a cre s e . o
an h d h tfi t7
a cre s a e a rs
4 A m h i g 8 100 g 8 25 f b d 2 f th
mi d f h
an av n av e or a ro e an o e
H w m y doll
.
re a n er or a h d h l ft 7
a r n e ss o an ars a e e
b h d g mh f
.
5 A boy p i d 36 t f a ce n s or a ru s an as u c or a
m b H w m h did h p y f both 7
.
co . o u c e a or
6 At oll to h i of -
ax c tf y d ll h oll t
ec r as a ce n or e v e r o ar e c ec s
H w m h w i ll b d h i m th mof th f llow i g l
. .
o u c e u e on e su e o n co
l ti o 8 2 ; 85 ; 8 12 4 ; $ 32 ; 7
ec ns : 1
7 H w my o
1 6
. g t th t of 3 f 5 t will p y
o an r an es a e ra e or cen s a
for 2 d ppl t 10 t do 7
oz e n a es a ce n s a zen
8 T h d i ff b t w a of
e ti m b
e r e nce d3 f e een a ce r a n nu er an o
W h t i th t m
.
it i 6 s b ? a s a nu er
mof g of m
.
9 Th e ti su b d of it i 52 a ce r a n nu er an s
Wh t i th t m
.
a b 7s a nu er
10 I f q ti ty of o tml w ill l t 6 p o 7 4 d ys
. a u an a ea as e rs n s a
h w lo g w i ll i t l t 5 p
o n o 7 as e r s ns
11 I f q ti ty f o m l w ill l t 7 p o 5} d ys
a u an O c rn -
ea as e r s ns a
h w my p o w ill o mit i 3} d y 7
.
o an e rs n s c nsu e n a s
12 A p k of dp w p t pi b gec h of wh i l
se e e as as u u n a s, e a c c
h ld f gi ll H w m y b g w
.
e o a d7 o an a s e r e u se
m mk ¢
.
13 I f w h l i of i h i
a i f ee an nc n c r cu e r e nce e s on
o d h w m y f t w ill poi t th imi

. a
re vol ti u on a se c n o an ee a n on e r o
th w h l m o i m
,
e i
ee t 7 ve n a nu e
14 At 1 } . t m il h w f 1 p o t l f 81 7
ce n s a e, o a r ca n a e rs n r av e or
"
M I S C E LLAN E O US .
99
15 A pe rs . o n t f 2} t m
tr a v e ll d e il at d th e ra e o ce n s a e , an
paid 30 ce n s t H w f did h t v l 7 o ar e ra e
16 H w m h of 8 10 h ll I h v l ft ft
.
. o u c
p y g i f s 7 a a e e a er a n or
p ou n d of t s t 8 3 po ea a d 7 a u n
17 I f i t
. t 8 25 to f c os s lt f l d t 80 p d e nce a o o an , a e r ro ,
wh t w i ll i t o t to f
a it t 8 9,
c s d? e nce a a ro
18 I f i g o w Q
a v ne of of i r h i 1 0
s m i t h w
1
an nc n nu e s, o
mh w illi t g ow i 1 h 60 m
.
1 6
uc r i t 7 n o u r , or nu es
19 I f to m to p t a
p i e s are h f w h i h huold u1 } n ca n s , e a c o c s
m m m
.
pi t
n s, h w yo w i ll b
an fi ll d f 6
can s
g ll f to to e 7 e ro a on s o a es
20 I f 2 b y h l o ow p th i i of h o i
s can s ov e a sn - a n an u r, n
wh t t i m
.
a 3b y e ca n h v l it 7 o s s o e
21 J h d 20 w o d f
ane a p ll i g l o v y d y r s or a s e n - e ss n e er a
Sh m
. .
e i d 4 of th w o d
ss e M dy 1 e T d y 1
r s on on a o n u es a on
F id y H w m y
, 1 6 ,
Wd d y 3
e ne s aTh dy d 3 on u rs a a n on r a o an
m
, , 16
.
w d di d h
or s i d i g th w k 7 W h t p t of th
s e ss ur n e ee a ar e
w d gi
or s h di d h m
ve n i 7 er s e ss
22 J m ad J h es h d b f o g q lly b
an o n s are a ox o ran es e ua e
th mlv J m th g t hi m
.
tw een e se es f hi h a es oth en ave o s s are o s er,
m
.
A 1 to G g W h t p t f h b i d
i t o d d a, a n t e or e a ar o e ox r e a ne
f h i ml
1 6
.
or f7 se
23 A m b q th d g of h i p op ty t h i w if t
an e u ea e s r er o s e, o
mi d to h i d ght
.
hi s son
,
f th O e re a nd th er tt s au e r, a n e re s o
a h pit l
os W h t p t f h i p p ty did h l
a . a ar to th
o s ro er e e av e e
h pi t l 7
os a
24 I f T h o m d G o g t t t th m pl
as an e dr e s ar a e sa e ace , a n
t f 6} m
.
t
rave l i opp o i t di ti
n s t th
e re c ilon s, on e a e ra e o es an
h ou r d th oth
, an t th e t f 7 g h w f p t th y
er a e ra e o , o ar a ar ar e e
i h lf
n a h 7
an ou r
25 7 8. t i w h t p t f 10 t
ce n s s a ar o ce n s 7
26 A q . lt f l d w
s u are l d by f
o o fan $75 as e n c os e a e nce or .
If th o t f th f
e c s w
o 8 5p d wh t w
e e nce th l gth as e r ro , a as e en
f
O on e s id f th l t e O e o 7
27 Bo ght 8 y d of
. u l t t 85 ar y d H w mh
s v e ve , a 3 a
1 6 ar . o u c
did i t o t 7 c s
SE C TI ON XXXI .
M U L T I PL I C A T I O N AN D D I V I S I ON OF L AR G ER
N U M B E RS .
N O T E T he e x e rc ise s i n th is se cti on a re de sign e d to g i v e facil

ity in
m f th m
.
th e an al
y s is of so e o eb l
a rg e r nu e rs .
74 . N a mth e e mltipl b l w 100

u es e o ,
1 . Of 13 . 3 . Of 15 . 5 . Of 1 7 . 7 . Of 19 . 9 . Of 23 .
2 . Of 14 . 4 . Of 16 . 6 . Of 18 . 8 . Of 21 . 10 . Of 24 .
Gi ve a n sw e r s to th e f llow i g
o n
11 T w o 13 s 7 ’
21 2 t i m 23 7 es 31 13 X 5 7 4 1 18 X 4 7
3 t i m 14 7
. . . .
’
12 T w o i 4 s 7 22 es 32 1 5 X 4 7 42 21 X 4 7
2 t i m 15
. . . .
13 T h re e 13 s 7 2 3
’
es 7 33 2 1 X 3 7 4 3 19 X 4 7
t i m 17
. . . .
14 T w o 1 6 ’
s 7 es 7 34 14 X 5 7 4 4 13 X 7 7
t i m 19
. . . .
’
15 T w o 1 9 s 7 es 7 35 15 X 5 7 45 1 4 X 7 7
ti m 1 8 7
. . . .
16 T h re e 15 s 7
’
es 36 13 X 6 7 46 15 X 6 7
m
. . .
1 7 T w o 21 ’
s 7 27 4 ti es 13 7 37 17 X 4 7 47 16 X 6 7
3 ti m 19
. . . .
18 T wo i 7 ’
s 7 28 es 7 38 1 6 X 4 7 48 18 X 5 7
4 t i m 14
. . . .
19 T h re e 16 ’
s 7 29 es 7 39 14 X 6 7 49 17 X 5 7
3 ti m 23 7
. . . .
20 T wo 18
.
’
s 7 30 . es 40 . 1 6 X 5 7 50 . 19 X 5 7
75 . 51 . Co t by l00 u n
’
s to 10 h d d
u n re .
T e n h u n dr e d i s on e th ou sa n d, wr i tte n 1000 .
T w o th ou sa n d i s w r i tte n 2 000 .
T h r e e th ou sa n d i s w r itte n 3000 .
Fou r th ou sa n d , 4000 a n d so on .
Fi v e th ou san d 2 h u n dr e d and 80 i s w r i tte n 52 80 .

M UU H R M O M H Q N AN D I M WMH M L nu
I n w h i ch pla ce fr o mh t e r igh t are th ou san ds wr i te n ? t

T en th ou sa n d i s wr i tte n
T w e n ty th ou san di s wri tte n a n d so on .
y
For t tw o th ou san d 2 h u n dr e d
-
an d 5 i s w r i tte n
52 Re a d th followi g 4000 ; 6000 ; 57 32 ; 6018 ;

e n :
mth mltipl of 25 to 250

.
53 N a e e u es
w my 5 t i m 25 7 8 t im 2 5 7 25 x 7 7
. .
54 . H o an ar e es es
25 x 9 2
55 N a m h mltipl of 50 t 500
e t e u es o
w my
. .
56 . H o 5o 5 ? 50 an7 7 ar e x x 50 x 9 ? 5O X S 7
50 x 6 ?
57 N a mth mltipl of 60 to 600
e e u es
w my
.
58 . H o 60 2 7 6o
an 4 ? are x x 60 x 6 7 60 x 5 7
10 30 20 50 60 80 40 90 70
76 . M u ltiply e ach of th e nu m
b e rs wr i tt en a bov e
a . By 2 . o. By 4 . a . By 6 .
g , By 8 .
b . By 3 . d By 5 . . I . By 7 . h . By 9 .
M u lti ply th e sa m m b
e nu e rs
j ,
By 20 . k By 40
. . mBy 60 . .
1 . By 30 .
I. By 50 . 11. By 7 0 .
77 . 59 . H ow my an are tw o 2 6
’
s 7
S olu ti on T w o 2 os an d 1 2 , w h i ch adde d
’ ’
. are 40 tw o 6 s are to 40 ,
i s 52 . Ans . 52 .
60 H ow my an ar e tw o 37
’
s 7 7 5 s 7 33 s 7 7 2
’ ’ ’
s 7
my
.
61 H ow an ar e th re e 54 ’
s 7 48
’
s 7 63 s 7 28
’ ’
s 7
w my
.
62 H o an are fo u r 36
’
s 7 32
’
s 7 7 5 s 7 44
’ ’
s 7
my
.
63 H ow an are fiv e 2 4 ’
s 7 72
’
s 7 25 s 7 96’ ’
s 7
my
.
64 H ow an are 24 x 6 7 54 X 6 7 25 x 6 ? 36 x 6 ?
my
.
65 H ow an are 1 8 X 7 7 49 x 7 l6 x 8 7 18 x 8 ? 7
my
.
66 . H ow an ar e 4 5 x 8 7 16 x 9 ? 64 x 8 7 81 x 9 7
102 M EN T AL ARI T E M E T I C .
78 . 67 . Wha t is 2 ti m27 es 3 i t m 37 es
A m
b 4 9 , fou n d by mliplyi g t tw o lfactors
m
nu e r , as or u n
mlipli d
e qu a
toge th e r , i s th e s q u a r e of th e nu b er u t e .
68 . Giv th q e e s u are s of th e nu m
b f om2 to 12
e rs r .
69 . W h t i th a s e squ a r e of § 7 57 7 7
4 $ 4 7
1 ’
16 i r
70 W ha t i s th e s qu ar e of 7 i 7 2 57 357
ti m 2 ti m 2 7 t m 3 tim 3 7
.
71 . W ha t is 2 es es 3 i es es
A m
b 8 2 7 , fou n d by mliplyi g h t t e qu alfactors
m
nu e r , as or u n
b m
re e
t g th
o e e r , is th e c u be of th e nu li pli d
er u t e .
72 . Fi d th
n e cu b e s of th e m
nub f om1 to 9 e rs r .
73 . Wh t i a s th e cu b of
e Q 7 1 7 t ? i ?
79 . Of th e nu m
b e rs wr i tt en b low
e , fin d su c h fr ac ional t
p t
ar s a s ar e i n ic ad td e
74 Of 12 0 fin d 8 i 4 3 8 1 8 5 8 1 1
1
24 , 83 1
2 6
1
34 6 )
1
15 1
1
36
7 5 Of 1 2 8 fin d Q ;
.
76 . Of 1 44 fin d t ; l; t ; ; t ; at ; t ; ; 3 25 1
1 6
1
1 5
1
36
1
77 Of 1 50 fin d 8 i 4 i 8 5 8 5 52 5 8 3 18 5 1 5 3 3 6 5 2 5 )
’ 1 ’ 1 ’
56
’ ’
78 .
nu ; 3 eu
79 Of 200 fi d t ; i ; n t; rtt
80 . 0 f 360 fin d t ; i ; t; t; 1
1 6 ; 36
1
; r rt m
81 . 0 f 500 fin d t s i ; 1
3; 8 5 1 6 ; 1
2 6
1
52 8
1
530 i ; r ng
82 Of lOO fin d 8 ; 4 ; 83 1 6 ; 85
1
i i 5 8; 8; 8 ; 8
83 . W h a t p a r t of 100 1s 5 ? 10 ? 2 0 ? 2 5 ? 30 ? 60 ? 8 0 ?
84 . W h a t pa r t of 1 00 i s 1 6; 331 ? 12 ; 37 ; 62 ;
85 . 0 f 1000 fin d t ; l; 3; 1
1 a; 2 ; t; i ; t ; t; t ; 3
86 Of 1000 fin d 2 6 ; i s ; 5 66
1
5 2 86 ; u h ; 2 5 5 t ; 3
1
87 . W ha t p t f 1000 i
ar o s 2 00 400 600 800
88 . Wh a t p t of 1000 i
ar s 250 ? 7 50 12 5 37 5 ? 62 5
666 g
89 . TO mk a e 1000, w h t m t b dd d t
a u s e a e o 400 7 650 7 57 0 7
2 80 ? 4 7 5 ? 136 ? 9 13 ? 34 7 ? 695 ? 262 ? 821 ? 559 ? 7 0 8 ?
UN I T ED S T A T E S M ON E " . 103
SECTION XXXII .
U N I T ED S T A T E S M ON E" .
th e follow i g t bl n a e
10 mil
l 1 ce n t,
md
s
10 ce n ts l di e,
1 di m
.
0 es 1 dol
lar , 8 .
10 dol
la rs l ea g l
e, E .
100 c e n ts 1 dol
lar .
Un i td
e Sta t es m
o y ne is g e n e ra lly re c ko d ne in dollar s a n d
= t
c e n s .
15 doll a r s an d 32 ce n s aret tog th th wri tt en e e r, u s : 8

7 doll a r s and 8 t w i tt
ce n s a r e t g th th r en o e e r, u s :
is read tw l doll
“ e ve d th i ty t ar s an r c e n s.
”
is d tw doll
rea o d th t
ar s a n r e e ce n s.
”
M il
ls a re w i tt
r t th
en a i gh t f te r O ce n s .
is read “ fo d ll tw l
u r o t dfi
ar s e v e c e n s an ve m
i ll s.
”
Re a d th e followi n
g
1 . 3 . 5 . 7 . 9 .
2 . 4 . 6 . 8 . 10 .
8 1 1 1 H ow m y t th an ce n s a r e e re in 8 1 7 82?
m y t th i
. .
12 H ow an ce n s a r e ere n 8 1} 7 8 § 7 8 g?
w my
.
13 H o t th ian c e n s ar e e re n 81 61 7 81 6
3 7 8 116 7 8176 ?
my t
.
14 H ow th ian ce n s are e re n 89 6 7 8 9 6
1 3 7 8 9 5 7 845?
7
w my
.
15 H o t th ian ce n s a r e e re n 7 8 915 7 7
m y t th i
.
16 H ow an ce n s ar e e re n 84 7 t ; 7 8A
» 7 8g ?
w my
.
17 . H o t th ian ce n s a r e e re n t ; 7 8 37 8g 7
18 . Wh a t p a r t of 8 1 is 7 7 7 52 7 7
19 . W ha t pa r t of 8 1 i s 12 5} 7 t 62 8 i”
7
20 . W ha t p a r t of 8 1 i s 7 7 8 g; 7 7
m ll th diff t pi of m
21 N a o yy e thi k
a e e re n e ce s ne ou ca n n
of th t md of il ; f opp
.
a d i k l
ar e f gold
a e s ve r o c e r an n c e o
22 N m llth di fi t d om m
.
. i ti o
a f p p
e a o y e e re n en na ns o a er ne
y ou ca n thi k of n .
fi n d th e l of
va u e s th e f llowi g
o n in t
c e n s, a n d a dd or su b
t t
rac as in di t d
ca e :
23 . 26 . 29 . 32 . 813 3 —
8 516 .
24 . 27 s e w s,. 30 . sag —
81 . 33 8 1
; .
25 . 2 8 8 1+ 8 1. . 31 .
t g si
— . 34 . 83 — 81 6 7 .
H ow my an ce n s a re t th e re in e ac h of th e fo l
ow i n l g
38 }
. of fi of 81 7 41 } 2
.
8 1 7 of 0f
36 } i
. 1 Of of 81 7 39 }
. of 136 0 f 81 7 42 } Of 166 0 f 8 1 7
. 1
37 } Of 116 0 f 8 1 7
. 40 2 0 f
.
fi of 81 7 43 § of § 0 f 8 1 7
.
82 44 m y t ill b l ft if y h v
H ow an ce n s w e e ou a e ha lf a
p d di m d h lf di m d l 34 7
.
,
.
d ll
o ar, s en a e an a a e an os e
UN I T ED S T A T E S M ON E " .
my
H ow an ce n ts ll b lftwi e e
45 I f y ou ha v 2 fif th of doll
e s a a r, an d spe n d1 e ig hth of
m
.
y o
our y 7 ne
46 hv
I f yo u d lo 2 q t of doll 7
a e an se u ar e r s a ar
h v 9 d im 5 t pi
.
47 I f y ou d 7
a t ed e s, a -
ce n e ce , a n c e n s, an
p
s end 3 q t of d ll 7u ar e r s a o ar
48 I f y h v h lf d ll
ou d i 10 t pi
a ed a a o ar a n s x -c e n e c e s, a n
m d l m
.
b y w i th y o
u o y do dl t 7 f p i
ur p
ne a z e n ca n es a a e ce an a a
for 18 F7
49 Add th e vl
diff t p i
a u e s of a n
y f i lv m o y 4 e ren
m3 po d of g t 9 y po d d 1 p i t
. e ce s o s er ne ,
b y wi th th
u e su un s su ar a a u n ,a n n
ofm ilk t 8 f q t H w mh m
a a u aro y h v y l ft 7 o uc ne a e ou e
mp p f 12 2 p il t
.
50 B y h t f u 62 f
a a or so e a er or e nc s a
om bb t 6 f d giv 8 1 i p y m t
,
.
4 f pi a e ce , s e ru er a , an e n a en .
Wh t h g ho ld y
a c an e siv b k 7 u ou re ce e ac
51 L th h 4 fi
u f th
er f d ll as d Ch l h 2 di m
s o a o a r, a n ar e s as
o y m t L th gi to Ch l th t th y my
es
H w mh m
. .
o u c ne u s u er ve ar e s a e a
h ave eq l m7 u a su s
52 H vi g 69 ab y n m y bl k book t u pias an an s a a e ce
t of y m
.
as po i bl ss d p d th e , an s en o y f p p t th e re s ou r ne or a er a e
t of 5 h t f
ra e 3 t H w m y bl k book d h w
my h t of p p w ill y b y 7
s ee s or ce n s . o an an s an o
an s ee s a er ou u
53 M y h d 9 t th ofra a d ll d p t 28 f f
en s a o ar , a n s en or a
t i g Th m
.
b k
oo f k if or d 7f f
a n e , an o y h or a s r n e ne s e
m
.
,
h d l ft w
a e i 2 pi as ; w h
n t t h v be ce st h v l of a u s a e ee n e a u e
eac h pi 7 e ce
54 Cl h d 8 ar a d bo gh t 3 y d
a f m b i t 12 f
an u ar s o ca r c a
m m m
.
a
y de r , so b tto f e 1 8 2
u o i lk
ns f 1 0 F d
orth s e s or a n e er
h g i th mll t m
, ,
h t g
C an h th
av e er e cb f pi an e n e s a es nu er o e ce s
p ibl
oss H w mh m
e . o y did h
o u c i b k d wh t ne s e r e ce v e ac ,
a n a
W thas l f h pi 7
e va u e o e ac e ce
55 B tt h d 2 q
. re t a f d ll tw 10 t pi u ar e r s o i a o ar, o -c e n e c e s, s x
3 t pi d 11 i gl t ; th b h g d f th
mv l i th mll t mb f pi p i bl Wh t
cen e c e s, an s n e ce n s e se e exc an e or e
Sa e a u e n e s a es nu er o e ce s o ss e . a
pi did h
ece s i i h g 7
e re ce v e n exc an e
106 M EN T AL ARI T H M E T I O .
S ECTION XXXI II .
AL I Q U O T PAR T S .
83 . 1 . Wh at is on e of th e th ree e q l p t
ua a r s of 10 ? one
of th e fiv e e qu al ar s p t 7
On e of th e e qu a lp t a r s of a n u m
b er is an a li q u o t p a r t of the
nu m
b e r. T h u s 3§ an d 2 are both al
i qu ot p a rts of 10 .
2 Wh a t i uo
al q t p t f 10 i 2 } 7ar o s
m m li q ot p t f 2 0 ; of 50
.
3 N a e so e a u ar s O
m om li q t p t of 1 d ll
. .
4 . N a e s e a uo ar s o a r. [ S e e p . 104,
Ar t .
T o M u lti p ly b y an Al
i qu ot Pa r t .
84 . 5 . Wh a t i s th e c o t of
s 24 t
s ra w b y e rr p l
an t s at 3;
ce n st a pi e ce 7
Sol
u ti on . At 10 ce n ts a p i e c e , 2 4 pl an ts w ou l
d c st 24 0 ce n ts o . At
3} ce n ts, th e yw ou l
d c s ot of 24 0 ce nts, whi c h i s 80 c e n s t .
Ans 80 . ce nts .
6 . Wh a t i s th e o t of
c s 36 p l
e nci s a t 2} c e n s e act h , an d 24
at 5 ce n h7 t s e ac
T m lt iply
o u
7 By 2 5 mlti ply by 100 d di vi d by w h t 7

u an
8 By 12 5 mlti ply by 100

.
, e a
d di vi d by w h t 7 u an a
9 By 331 mlti ply by 100

.
, e
d d i vi d by w h t 7 u an e a
10 By 1 6 3 mlti ply by 100

.
,
d di i d by w h t 7 u an v e a
1 1 By 12 5 mlt iply by 1 000 a d d ivi d by wh t 7

.
,
.
, u n e a
12 M lti ply 18 by 16 3
. u .
S l tio u 18 m lti pli d by 100 i 1800 (18 h

on d d)
u 18 m l e re u
w h i h i i f 100 mt b
. s un ~
tipli d by f h i h i
} 1800 w 300
m
e c s o , us e 4
o , c s .
A . 300 .
ALI Q U OT PART S . 107
13 M . u lt iply 36 by 16g . 15 . M u ltiply 15 by 33;

14 . M u ltiply 48 by 25 . 16 . M u lt iply 56 by
N OT E In m lbe
i t wil m ore c onv e n i e n t to find first th e aliqu ot
mlipli d mli ply T h mli
so e ca ses
m
.
part of th e nu e r to be b t a nd th e n t t
d m
u e , u . u s, to u
ply 18 by 16a, firs t find 3 of 1 8, wh ic h i s 3, an l i ply h i u t t s re su l

t by
100, wh i ch g i ve s 300, as a bove .
17 “h a t
o t f 24 t w h t t
T
h7
i s th e c s O s ra a s a e ac
d of h y om t t 335t a
.
18 Fi d w h t 2 7 p
. n a ou n s on e c e o a
p d
ou n
; t 50 f p o d
a a un .
19 Fi d th
. t of 8 b h l of t
n ip t 25f b h l;
e cos us e s u rn s a a us e
at 75 2 b hl a us e
Sm
.
20 M i th i p i d fr. w k t th t of s a or a e ra e an
H w m h i h p id f
. or
h 16 h wo k 7
’
ou r . o u c s e a or ou r s r
NO TE Fi rs t fin d th e a m ou n t
p ai d at 1 2§ f an h ou r , th e n mliply by
u t
m
.
3 to fin d th e a ou n t at 37 ; 1” a n h ou r .
21 . Wh a t m t b p id f
us e a t k y t 7 5? p i 7 or 200 u r e s a a e ce
22 . W ha t i s th e c o t of 24 p t
s t p i 7 e ar re e s a a e ce
23 . W ha t c a n a g i lr i 6 d y
e arnt 66 g ? d y n a s a 8. a 7
24 . W h a t i s th e co t of 12 p h t
s t 62 4 h7 e ac re e s a 7
( e ac
25 . Wh a t i s th e c o t of 8 d
s l t t 6} t h 7 oz e n s a e s a ce n s eac
T o D i vi de by an A li q u ot Pa r t .
85 . 26 . H ow my b
an ananas at 3§ c e n s ca nt be bo ght f
u or
40 ce n t s 7
Sol
u ti on At 10 c e n ts e a ch , 4 ba n an as ca n be bou gh t for 4 0 c e n ts .
m4
.
At 3} w h i ch i s of 3 ti w h i ch i s 12 ba na n as,
ce n ts , i 10 c e n ts , es ,
can be bou gh t for 4 0 ce n ts .

A ns . 12 ba n an a s .
27 d 150 by 31 Di i d 7 0 by 2 5
D iv i e
d mlt iply by w h t 7
. e . v .
28 T o d i i d by 1 6 3 d i i d by 100
. v e ,
v e an u a
29 D i vi d 7 00 by 1 6 2
.
7 3 1 D i ied 1 2 00 by . . v e
30 D i i d 300 b 2 5
. v32 D i i d 600 by 12 5
e v . . v e .
33 H w m y y d of
. o l i o t 12 4 t p y d
an ar s ca c a ce n s er ar c an
b bo ght f 8 1 7 f
e u 8 7 or or
108 M E N T AL ARI T H H E T I 0 .
SE CTION XXXIV .
86 . Re pe a t th e followi g t bl n a e
60 se c on ds () 1 m
i n u te , m
m
s . .
60 i n u te s 1 h ou r , h .
24 h ou rs 1 da y , d .
7 da ys 1 we e k, w .
6 2 we e ks an d 1 da y ,
1 yea r , y .
or 366 da ys,
100 ye ars 1 ce n tu r y , c .
1 H my o d
ow an se c n s ar e th ere in e ac h of th e
ti o of m
.
fr ac i t 7
ns a nu e
l i , 8, i , t, t, t, t,
.
7
1 7: 1
7
m
H ow my m
i
ant nu e s ar e th e re in h f th followi g 7
e ac O e n
2 .
5 ho u r ho u r. 4 .
1 ho ho
u r u r.
3 .
4 ho ur ho u r. 5 .
2 ho 3 ho
u r u r.
M E AS URES OF T I M E . 109
87 T h e y i divi d d i t 12 m
e ar o th
s e n o n s, as il
lu s tra te d in
di g di g m
.
the
pre c e n a ra
mth m
.
6 Na e o th th t h v 30 d y h
e n s a a e a s e ac
mth m
. .
7 N a e o th th t h 31 d y ach
e n s a ave a s e
w my d y h
. .
8 H
. o an F b y7 a s as e r u ar
NO T
Un tilth e ye ar 1900, any ye a r th e
E . nu m
b e r of which i l divil
i bis b 4 i s a l -
y , e a p ye ar .
p t of 2 m
Wha t o th 60 d y iar n s, or a s, s
9 30 d y 7
. 12 2 0 d y 7 a15 6 d ys 7
s 18 3 d y 7 . a s . a . a s
1 0 15 d y 7
. 13 10 d y 7 a 16 5 d y 7
s 19 1 d y 7 . a s . a s . a
11 45 d y 7
. 14 4 0 d y 7 a17 4 d y 7
s 20 12 d y 7 . a s . a s . a s
21 H w m y m o th th i 1 y 7 i 1 y n s are e re n ear n ea r
1 m 4 m
o an
8m
.
o th 7 i 2 y
n o th 7 i 8 y
s n o th 7 e ar s n n e a rs n s
W h t p t f 200 m ao th (16 y ar8m o th ) i

o n s e ars n s s
22 8 y 4 m th 7 25 3 y
e ars 4 m o th 7 on s ears n s
2 m th 7 8 m
. .
23 4 y 26 1 y
e ar s o th 7 on s ear n s
1 m 6 m th 7
. .
24 2 y . o th 7 2 7 12 y
ear s n . e ars on s
H w my mo o th an n s
28 F o m J 1 to J ly 1 7
r 31 F o m anF b 1 to M y 1 7 u r e a
29 F m 32 F om
. . . .
Ap i l 1 t O t 1 7
ro A g 1 to O t 1 7
r o c r u
J ly 1 to J 1 7 33 F omM 1 to J 1 7
c
30 F m
. . . . .
. ro u an . . r ar . an.
H w my d y
o th an a s ar e e re
34 F o m Ap 1 to J ly 1 7
r 39 F m N r 9 t D 12 7 u ro ov o e c.
35 F m 40 F o m
. . . .
J ly 1 to O t 1 7
ro uJ 1 7 to F b 1 7 c r an
41 F m
e
36 F m
. . . . .
O t 1 to J
ro 17 cM 20 to Ap 37 an ro ar
42 F o m
r.
37 F m
. . . . .
J 1 to F b 57
ro J 2 7 to J ly 4 7
an e r u ne u
38 F m 43 F m
. . . .
. M 7 to Ap 19 7
ro S pt 20 to O t 12 7
ar . r. . ro e . c .
44 S h p t th ti m f omJ ly 3 to O t 8 t h
ara s en e e r u c a er
t H w m y d y w h th 7
. .
’
aun s. an a s as s e e re
l ft homJ 27 1884 d t d M h 5
o
45 H or ac e e e an an re u rne ar c
H wmy d y w h
,
. .
.
o b t7
an a s as e a se n
110 M E N T AL ARI T H M E T I 0 .
SECTION XXXV .
88 . Re p ea t th e follow i g t bl n a e
A V O I RD U PO I S W EI GH T .
16 ou n ce s ( ) oz . 1 pou n d, l
b .
2000 pou n ds 1 T on , T .
m
m
co on a r ti cl
es .
1 H ow my o an u n ce s a r e th e re in 2 l
bs 7 i n 3 lb s 5 c
w my
. . .
2 . H o an ou n c e s a r e th e re in 4 lb . 7 in 2 lb . 7 in g
in 5 lb 7 .
3 Ch g to po d
. an e u n s an d o u n c e s, 20 oz . 40 oz .
; 50 o
4 W h t p t of p a ar a ou n d is 8 4 oz . 7 2 oz 7 12
5 H w m y po d
. . .
. o an u n s are th ere in h lf
a a ton 7 i n a q u
of a ton 7
6 I f 100
. p ou n ds of fl ou r c o t 8 6 wh t i
s a s th e c ot s of 1
of bs 7
50 l . of bs 7
25 l .
7 Wh a t
lb 4 f b f t 28 7
i s th e
p c os t of 1 oz . o ee a a 01
8 Ch l w t t mk t w i th 89 ? i
. .
. ar e s h g Aft en o ar e n c an e . er
i g 5 lb 12
n f q h t s. po d d 4 lb oz o s u as a a u n a n s.
t g t 16 7 po d h tt m
,
.
on u e a pt d t p y f h i p l a u n e a e e o a or s u ro
H w mh m o m y did h q i 7
,
o uc re on e e re u re
9 Wh t p t f t i 1000 po d 7 1500 p d '
. a ar o a on s u n s ou n s
10 At 8 .t w h t i th o t f 500 lb f o l a on a s e c s o s . o c a
7 50 l
bs 7 .
11 . At 8 24 a ton w h t i th
a t of s e c os bs
300 l . of h ay ?
12 . At 2 ; c e n s a t po d w h t i th
u n a s e c os t of 1 ton of
of 3 t on s 7
13 . A b l of flo
a rr e u r c on a i n s t bs
19 6 l . H ow my p an c
do es a ha lf b l of flo
arr e u r c on a i n t 7
M EAS URE S OF WEI GH T . 111
14 ho k p o t d p i of b f 2 ho
A d 10
m
an
m
u se ee e r r as e a e ce ee u rs
lowi g 15 m
.
i t l
nu e s, a i t t p d H
n w y p o d nu es o a ou n . o an un s
d did th b f w i gh 7
a n ou n c e s e ee e
15 I f o l i w o th 8 8 ct w h t i th
a s
p f
r l a on , a s e ex e n se o a c oa
fi f th m o th of Ap il ll w i g th fi to o m25
.
re or e n r , a o n e re c n su e
l
bs pe r da y 7
.
NO T E I n w e ig h in g so e arti cl m
e s, as i ron an d coa l a t th e in e s, and m
m
.
goods on wh i c h du ti es are
pa i d a t th e Uni te d S ta te s c u sto h ou se s, th e
l
on ton of 22 40 ou n ds is
g p u se d . I n th is we ig h t
28 pou n ds l bs .
) 1 qu a rte r , qr .
4 qu a r te rs 1 h u ndre dwe ig h t, cwt .
20 h u ndre dwe igh t 1 T o n, T .
16 H ow my m o d in lo t t h in m
m
. an ore p un s a n
g on an a. c o
on ton 7
89 . Re p t th follow i g t bl
ea e n a e
T RO " W EI G H T .
24 g i (g )
ra n s 1 p y w i ght
r.
p wt e nn e , .
20 p yw i ght 1
e nn e s ou n c e , oz .
12 ou n c e s 1 p d lb ou n , .
T roy we ig h t i s u se d for we igh i ng gol d, silv e r, pre c iou s stone s,
and oth e r e s th a t re qu ir e g r e a t ac cu rac y i n we ig h i n g

a r ti cl .
17 . H ow my g an i n 1 p w t 7 in 2 p w t 5 gr 7
r ai n s . . .
18 . Wh a ar t p t ofa n oz i s 10 p w t 7 5 p w t 7 4 p wt 7
. . . .
19 W h a t p a r t of a pw t i s 8 g r 7 4 g r 7 6 g r 7 3 g r 7
m y po d
. . . . .
.
20 . H ow an u n s i n 2 5 oz 7 i n 30 oz 7 . .
21 If q
ti ty of gold w i gh d 4 lb 10
u an e e oz b fo
e re re
ft w d h w m h w
. a . .
nin g, a n
fi d 3 lb 11 . oz . a er ar s, o u c as lo t i
s n th e
p oc e s s
r 7
22 Wh at v l of 1 lb f g ld t 8 16 o
i s th e a u e o o a an u n ce 7
w m y i lv thi m md
. .
23 H o an bl of 4 pw t h
s er es e ac can be a e
m3
.
.
fro oz . of ilv 7s er
SECTION XXXV
M E AS U R E S OF L EN G T H , A R E A. VO L UM E .
90 . Re pe a t th e f ll
o ow i n g t bl a e :
L ON G M E ASU RE .
in
1 2 i n ch e s ( ) 1 foot, ft .
3 fe e t 1 ya r d, yd .
5} y ar ds , or
1 r od , rd.
16} fe e t
fl m
m
32 0 r ods,
1 e’ ’
52 80 fe e t
1 . H ow my i an nc h e s ar e th e re in 1 y d7 ar in 4 yd .
7 in
{ y d 7 i n
2y d 7.i n .
d . 7 in i y d 7 .
2 W a
. ar a h t p t of foot i s 6 in c h es 7 4 i n 7 8 in 7 3 . . in 7
9 i n 7 2 i n 7 10 i n 7
m y h lf y d th i 1 d 7
. . .
3 H ow an a ar s ar e ere n ro
m y h lf f t th i 1 d 7
.
4 H ow an a ee ar e e re n ro
w m y od th i 1 m
il 7 i 5m7 m
.
5 H o an r s a re e re n e n in i 7
m7
. . .
in 1
m h f th
1; .
6 Af t er y ou hv a e wa lk d e f t ee , h ow u c ar er
mt y mil 7
.
u s ou wa lk t go o a e
Ex e r cise s .
a .po yo l t D ra w bl kbo d li th t y
u n u r s a e or ac ar a ne a ou
thi k i 1 i h l g D w
n s th t y thi k 4 i h
nc on . ra on e a ou n nc es
lo g ; 6 i h lo g ; 1 f t lo g
n nc es n oo n
k ff i m
.
b M . i t pl
ar di t
o of 3 f t ;n so e c on v e n e n ace a s ance ee
a di t f 6 f t ; of 5 f t
s an ce o ee ee .
M
0. d po th g o d d o t yo
e a su r e a r o t p i u n e r un ,
a n c un ur s e s n
w lki g th t di t
a n a s a n ce .
M EAS URES OF A REA . 11 3
N OTE mm
I f you r e e be r th e n u be r m f ste ps u su al
l take i n
m
. o you y
Wal
king a rod , you willh a ve a conv e ni en t e as u re a l
wa ys wi th you .
By w lki g d
<1 . a n an cou n t i g yon ur s e t p timt th l gths, e s a e e en
of th hool y d ; th
e sc ar e wi dth of th t t ; th di ta nce t
e s re e e s o
y hom t
ou r e, e c .
mm u s O F AB I A .
91 . A r e c ta n g le i s a ny fo u r -s i dd e
fi
gu re w ich h has al
l i ts c or n e rs
s u ar e .
q
A s qu are is a fo u r -s i d d fig
e u re w ic h h
h as i ts c orn e r s q s u ar e a nd i ts s ides
e q u al
.
A q s u ar e e ac h of w h os e si d es is on e
in c h lo g i n s a s q ar e
u i nch . q A s u are
eac h of w ho se si de s is on e fo t lo g is a
o n
s q u a r e f oo t .
T o fin d th e A r e a of a Re c ta n g le.
T he a re a of an y su r ac e f i s i ts o t t
c n e n s re c ko d ne in q
s u ar e
t
u ni s.
7 If t gl is 4 inc h lo g an d 1 in c h wi d h ow
my
. a re c a n e es n e,
an s q u ar e i n ch e s do es it c o ti 7
n a n
H ow my d an oe s it t
c on a n i if i t i s 4
inche s lo g n a nd 2 inc h es wi d e 7 4
inche s lon g an d 3 inc h es wi d e 7
ht
8 W a . nu m
b e rsw il y ou l mlti u
p y tog th
l e er to fin d th e a r e a of an y
t gl 7
rec an e
Th e are a of a re c ang e t l is fou nd by mlip lyi t the m

b e r o u ni ts
f
m
u ng nu
is he l
t e ng th , by th e b f i
l k u ni ts i n th e br ea dth T hi s i s
mlip lyi g h
nu er o e .
ex re sse d for bre v i ty t t e ng th by th e br ea dt

l h
p as u n e .
8
1 14 M E N T AL A RI T H M E T I C .
9 H ow my i an n ch e s lo g n is a s q u ar e f t7
oo H ow my an
my q
.
inc h es wid 7 e T h en h ow an s u a re in c h es ar e th e re in a
s
qu ar e foot 7
10 H ow my f an ee t lo g i n s a s q y d7
u are ar H ow my an
w my q
.
f t wid
ee e 7 T h en ho an s u are f t th
ee ar e e re in a squ are
y d 7
ar
92 . Re p t th f llowi g t bl
ea e o n a e
S Q U ARE M EA SU RE .
144 sq u are inch e s 1 sq u a re foot, sq ft . .
9 sq u a r e fe e t = 1 s u ar e ar d , s d
q y q y . .
30} sq u ar e ya rd s , or
2 7 2 } sq u ar e fe e t i 1 sq u are rod , sq . rd.
160 sq u a re r ods = 1 ac re A
m m
, .
640 a cr e s 1 s u a r e il e , sq
q . .
11 my q i h
. H th i bo d 6
ow an s u ar e nc es are e re n a ar
lo g d 4 i i d 8 i l g d 7 i i d 7
n an n w e 7 n on an n w e
l g m t pi
. . .
12 H . f l th 1 y d w i d b
ow on u s a e ce o c o ar e e to con)
ti 2 q
a n y d 7 5 q sy d 7
u ar e ar s s u are ar s
13 H my q y d f f ow b ov d b
an s u ar e ar s o su r ac e ca n e c e re
“
p ti g th t i 1 y d id 7 H m h by
.
4 y d f ar s o ca r e n a s ar w e ow u c 9 ?
y d th t i
ar s a s 3 f ou r th of y d w i d
s a ar e 7 th t i a s on e h lf of
a 5
y d wid
ar e 7
14 . H ow my q an y d s b u ared by 5 y d ar s can e c ov e r e ar s 0 ,
ca nv a s th t i a s 2 y d w idar By 12 y d th t i 1 y d
s e 7 ar s a s ar a n d}
a h lf w id 7
a e
15 H ow my q an s u ar e f t ee ar e th i e re n a mt th t i 8 f
a a s eet
my q
.
l
on g an d 6 f t w id
ee e 7 H ow an s u ar e y d ar s are th ere in
th e mt 7 a
16 . If a m i 6 f t l g h id m t i t b to o t i
at s ee on , ow w e u s e c n a n
24 s q u are f t7
ee
17 . H o w mh ill mt o t th t i 6 f t lo g d 4
u c w a a c s a s ee n an
fe e t w id e, at a q u ar e r t of d ll a o ar a s q u ar e foot 7
S Q UARE M EAS URE . 115
18 . M rs . W e b st e r h as a h all 15 f tl
ee on g a n d 9 fe e t wi d e,
h
w i ch sh e wis h es to c ov er wi t h ca r pt e a y ar d wi d e. H ow
my y d mt sh e bu y 7
m12 my
an ar s u s
19 . I n th e floo r of a r oo f t q
ee s u a re ar e h ow an
q
s u ar e y d ar s 7
N T 1 squ are foot an d 1 foot squ are na e e qu a le u B u t 12 fe e t m m

m
O E . .
squ ar e n a ong and 12 fe e t wi de , an d wh i c h con ta i ns

e s a squ ar e 12 fe e t l
144 squ are fe e t .
20 . W ha t i s th e difie r e n c e be tw e e n 2 in c h es q
s u a re and 2
squ ar e h 7 b tw 3 f t q
i nc d3 q ef t7 een ee s u ar e a n s u ar e ee
f m
es
21 M Bl k h d g plot 12 y d q
r. a e awh i ha r a ss- ar s s u ar e , r o c
y d f fl w b d H w my q
.
h t fi20 q
e cu o s u are ar s or a o er- e . o an s u ar e
y d w
ar s l ft 7 e re e
22 I t i p of b d 5 f t lo g d 1 i h w id
n a s r oar ee n an nc e ar e
h w my q
.
o an i h 7 s u ar e nc es
23 I pi of bo d 2 f t lo g d 4 i h w id
h w my q
n a e ce ar ee n an nc es e ar e
i h 7 H w w i d m t th bo d b t
.
o an s u ar e nc es o e us e ar e o
ti 1 q
con a n foot 7 s u ar e
93 M k fi i . om o v i t pl
ar o q th t i 1
n s e c n en en a ce a s u ar e a s
10 d lo g d 1 d w i d ; w h t w i ll y ll th i q
‘
n an ro 7 e a
mk 1
ou ca s s u are
160 h qsu c s d i m
u ar e s i g l d a e a c r e , u se
24 H w m y q
n e a su r n an .
. o d th i 1 h lf of
an s 7
u ar e r o s are ere n a an a cr e
in 1 q t of u ar e r 7 i 1 i ghth f 7
an acr e
A m l id
n e o a n a cr e
25 M r t of l d i 5 q l ho lot
r es a ou a n a cr e u se -
H w my q
. .
an n e u a s.
o an od w th i s h lt 7
u are r s e re e re n e ac o
26 M .
G h d pi
r .
of l d 80 od l g d 6 d
re e n a a e ce an r s on an ro s
id
m of whi h h old to M All f h
vt 1
e,
1 5 c lt H w
e s r . en or a ou se - o . o
any q od w th i M All
s u ar e r h s lt 7 e re e re n r. en s
’
ou se - o
27 I f p i f l d i 1 6 od lo g h w w i d m t i t b
‘
. a e ce o an s r s n o e u s e
,
t ti
o c on a n a n ac r e 7
2 8 H w m y f m of 10 o h b m d f om 1
m
an ar s a cr e s e a c ca n e a e r
l f l d 7 H w m y f mof 64
.
S
q u ar e i e o an h7 o an ar
29 H w m y q
s a cr e s e a c
. o f t f oddi g willb q i d f a
an s u ar e ee o s n e re u re or
l w 3 od l g d 10 f t wi d 7
a n r s on an ee e
M EN T AL ARI T H M E T I C
’
116 .
mm o s O l V O LUM E
'
.
9 4 A sol . i d bo d is a b d h a i n g e n ty
h
g , br e a dth (o r woy v
i d h ) , a n d l t
thi ckn e ss (h e igh t or de pth ) .
A r e c ta n g u la r s oH d is a sol id
b u n de d by si x re c ta n gle s o .
A bri c k i s id
a r sol
a re c ta ng u l oy
b d .
in ch lon g i s a cu bi c i nch . A cu be
e a c h of wh os e e dge s is on e fo ot o
l ng is
T o fin d th e V olu m e of a Re c tan gu la r S o li d .
Th eol v
i d
ol
u mf
o t e o t ko
a s d b i s i ts c n e n s r e c ne in cu ic u n i ts.
30 I f t g l ol ia
d i 4 i
r e c an
h l o g u
d 2ar
i h s s nc es n an nc es
wi d h w m y q
.
e, o i h do an i t s u are nc es es s
b as e t i 7 I f i t i 1 i h thi k
con a n s nc c ,
h w my
o b i i h do i t
an ,
cu c nc es es c on
t i 7
a n I f it i 3 i h th i k h w s nc es c o
m y bi i h do i t o t i 7
,
an cu c nc es es c n a n
31 Wh t mb amltipli d nu ers ar e u e
tog th to fi d th vol mof th

.
e er n t e u e e rec
an g l ol i d 8 i h lo g 2 i h wi d d 3 i ch th i k
u ar s nc es n nc es e ,an n es c 7
Th v l m f m m
,
y t l li d b f
an d b l
ti l
re c a ni u ar so
m
o u g e o
m
e y y p y g a e ou n u n
the f b i th l u n i ts
e ng th by the n u b f l ik i t i t h
mm
nu er n eo er o e u n s n e
br ea d th , a nd th i s p r odu ct by th e e ber o l
f ike u i t i n th e thi c k n
y m
n s e s s .
T h i s i s e xpre sse d for bre v it as u l

tip l i
y g n th e l
e ng ,th b r e a d th , a n d
thi ckne ss toge the r .
32 . H ow m y bi
an cu c i n ch e s i n t g l oli d 12 i h
a r e c an u ar s nc es
o g 12 i h w i d
ln d 1 nc es e , an i h h i gh 7 I f th i
nc t g l s r e c an u ar
t d of 1 h w m y bi i h
,
soli d w 12 i h h i gh i ere nc es ns ea o an cu c nc es
12 t i m 1 4 4
,
w o ld i t o t i 7
u c n a n es ar e 17 2 8
33 H w m y bi i h mk
.
. o an cu c nc es a e a cu bi foot 7 c
C UB I C M E AS URE .
1 17
34 H ow my bi f e e t in a c u be 3 f eet lo g 3 f t wid
my
. an cu c n , ee e,
an d 3 fe e t thi k 7 c Th en h ow an cu bi f t i
c bi
ee n a cu c
y d7ar
95 . Re p a t th follow i g t bl
e e n a e
C UB I C M E A S U RE .
17 28 cu bi c i nch e s ( cu . in .
) 1 cu bi c f oot , cu . R .
27 cu bi c fe e t 1 cu bi c y d ar , on . yd .
12 8 c u bi c fe e t 1 cor d, cd .
N OT E. T he cord is u se d in meas u r i ng fire -wood

mk
.
Wood
is g e n e r a l ly cu t for th e ar et in t o sticks fou r fe e t
and l
ai d i n pil es
“on”F007
so th a t th e le ngth
of th e sti cks be
co m es th e wi dth of
th e pile A pil
e 4
.
fe e t wi de , 4 fe e t
h ig h , an d 8 fe e t
l g
on c on ta i n s 1
cor d .
On e e i g h th of a
cor d is le d a c or d
ca l fe e t . A . c rdo foo t con ta ins 16 cu bi c fe e t .
(S e e
i ctu re abov e )
p .
35 H m y bi f t i blo k 3 f t lo g 1 fo t wi d
. ow an cu c ee n a c ee n , o e,
an d 2 f t h i gh 7ee
36 H m y bi i h do
ow ban o t i th t cu c nc es es a ox c n a n a
m
.
i id 6 i h
e a su r e s i l g th 3 i h
ns e i w i dth d nc es n en ,
nc es n , a n
4 i h nc i d pth es n e 7
37 H m h p wi ll o t i b th t m
ow uc s t a ce c n a n a ox a e a su r e s ou
si d 4 4 f t i l g th 4 i b
e ee dth d 3 i h i ght 7
n a n n e
m y q i h i th f of bi l
en , n re a ,
38 H . ow an s u are nc es n e su r a c e a cu ca
blo k w ho dg
c 3i h lo g 7
se e e s are nc es n
39 H . m y o d of wood i pil 4 f t wi d 4 f t
ow an c r s n a e ee e, ee
h i gh d 16 f t lo g 7 20 ft lo g 7 32 ft lo g 7 H ow
my o d f t i 1 d 7
,
a n ee n . n . n
an c r ee n c . c d . f t7
ee
1 18 M EN T AL ARI T H M E T I C .
SECTION X X X VI I .
M I S C E L L A N E OU S .
96 . 1 . H ow my an boy who s se ave r a g e we i ght i s 100

p ou n tk t
ds w i l it l a e o w i gh 1 t
e on 7
2 At . o t f8 a c i g w h t l gth f
s o 1 a
1 5
d d f fro or e nc n , a en o roa
c an b f e d f 8 56 7e n ce or
3 If M M d t ok 2 } q t f m
rs. i lk d y t 8
ea t o u ar s o a a a ce n s a
q t w h t w th o t f th m i lk h took i th m
.
u ar , a as e o th f
c s o e s e n e n o
F b y 1 884 7
e r u ar
m th i h w m h y 7
,
4 R t t 8 30 en a a on s o u c a e ar
i h w mh m
.
5 R t t 8 300 y en a o th 7 a e ar s o u c a n
t w fill d by hip m t f l
.
6 A . d f n or er or c ra e s as e s en s as o
low J ly 8 1 7 5 t J ly 15 450 t
s : u d J ly 22
c r a e s, u c r a e s, a n u
H w my w
, , ,
th b l
e f th
a an ce o d h i pp d J ly 22 7
e or er o an e re s e u
7 A pl m
.
. b w kd4 h u t 45 ert h or d e ou r s a ce n s an ou r , a n
f i h d f t w th 7 5 t d pl g w th 13 t
u rn s e a a u ce or ce n s a n a u or ce n s :
wh t w a th m t f h i bill 7
as e a ou n o s
8 T t l ttl g
o ac u a m t l d i ld t 8 se e rs
p ov e r n en an s so a er
H w my
.
acr e . o t 8 50 p wo l
an d q l 1 60
ac r e s a e r a cr e u e u a acre s
a t th g v e mt p i 7o e rn en r ce
9 Wh . b d i 8 6 w k d w h i g 60 2 p d
en oa r s a ee an as n er oz e n
pi fi d th
e c e s, t f 8 w k bo d t g th wi th th w h
n e c os o ee s
’
ar o e er e as
i g of 6 § do
n pi zen e ce s .
10 All w i g 10 h to b d y w o k wh t h ld b
o n ou r s e a a
’
s r a s ou e
p id w km f 3 d y
.
,
d 8 h wo k doll d
’ ’
a a or an t
or a s an ou r s r a a ar an
a h lf d y 7
a a a
1 1 W h t i th
. t of 36 y d of loth t 33} t
a s e co s d ar s c a ce n s, a n
5y d art s ay d7 a ar
12 M Dy old r f t f l d t 25 7 f t d
er s ee o an a a oo , a n
500 ft f l m b t 15 i foot H w m h did h

. .
. o u er a iv t a . o uc e r e ce e
f orwh t h old 7
a e s
M I S C E LLAN E OUS . 11 9
13 . o t of 12 po d f mtt t 163 t
W h a t i s th e c s un s o u on a ce n s
a po d d 9 fowl t 8 7 } t
u n , a n h7 s a ce n s e a c
m
14 W h t i th
. o t of 18 bow l t 37 4 t pi
a s e c sd 1 s a ce n s a e c e , an
j lly o ld t
e u a 7
15 A h l . lh ti g p i ty f 305 p
a as s e a I f th n ca ac or e r s on s . e re
ar e 30 tt ti g 6 p o
se h d 25 tt
e e s se a n ti g e rs ns e ac an se ees se a n
t h w m y m t h of th l tt
,
th e res , o an tt t7u s e ac e se a e r se e e s se a
16 T h i bi th t t i 100 b h l of p t t
e re s a n a c on a n s u s e s o a oe s
H w m y m th w ill th i q ti ty l t tw f m
. .
o an on i li
s of s u an as o a e s, o n e
whi h c m 6 2 d th oth 51 b h l p mo th 7
c on s u es an e er u s e s er n
17 W h 100 id en b b gh t f car r wh t i es ca n e ou or a s
th e co t of id 7s on e r e
18 A f m o w d t t of l d m
ar er il q wh i h h
ne a ra c an a e s u ar e , c e
divi d d q lly m h w my
.
e o g h i fo h ild
e ua a n di d s ur c re n o an acr e s
e ac h hi ld c iv 7 r e ce e
19 M T p l b t 1 9 ti m i 1 5 o d d h i
r. ru e s
’
u se ea s es n se c n s, a n s
b t 29 t i m i 2 0 o d H w m y m
.
d ght
au er s
’
ea s es n se c n s o an or e
tim do th d ght b t i m
.
es es e i t th th f th 7
au er s
’
ea n a nu e an e a er s
’
2 0 I f th i t
. t of f
e 1 y i 8 60 w h t i th
n e re s or e ar s ,
a s e
i t t f 8 7 50 f 1 y 7
n e re s o or e ar
2 1 A m ow 3t ts of l d ; th fi t i w th 8 7 00
an ns rac an e rs s or
o d i w th 8 200 m th th fi t d th th i d i
.
,
th e se c n s or or e an e r s , an e r s
w th t w i
or m h th o d H w m h i llth l d
ce a s u c as e se c n . o u c s a e an
w o th 7r
22 A ti fm
. i ly m 84 p d f
ce r a n a i c on su es
'
ou n s o c oc oa n a
y e ar W h t i th o t t 30 a t f h lf po d b 7
s e c s a ce n s or a a - u n ox
2 3 H w m h w ld b
.
. o d 17 bo
u c f ou by e sa v e on xes o c o c oa
b yi g t th t f
u n a f 6 bo i t d f p y i g 30
e ra e o or x e s, ns e a o a n
t f
ce n s i gl b 7
or a s n e ox
2 4 B ght of Joh P y ou C 40 y d f p ti g t n ra O ar s o ca r e n a
m m m
. .
,
p y d t d
er g w
ar o th 4 t i a h
a , an a ru r es as u c as
th m m o t of m
,
e t Th a .
y b i ll w e 8 7 5a W h t w
u n th as . a as e
o t of th g
c s e ru 7
25 H w m y q f t of bo d will b q i d t
o an s u are ee ar s e re u re o
mk bo d f 4 f t hi gh to lo 1 q
.
a e a ar e n ce d of l d 7 ee enc se s u ar e ro an
120 M EN T AL ARI T H M E T I O .
26 h p d of b f t 18 t p d H w
B ou g t 3; ou n s ee a ce n s a ou n
m h di d it o t 7
. . o
u c c s
2 7 I f 5§ do
. gg o t w h t i th p i
zen e
p d ?
s c s a s e r ce er oz e n
28 I f op at p b c o er l t th t of 1 i fl, fc an se u arr e s a e ra e n o
ho h w m y
.
an u r, ho t p i 6 ho an 7 ca n e se u n u rs
29 I f of b of i i i wo th 8 4 h w m y l k
. a ox ra s ns s r
, o an c oc s
at 8 2 pi w ill p y f
a e ceb of i i 7 a or a ox ra s ns
30 A t g l g d i 98 f t l g d 62 f t wid
re c an u ar ar en s ee on an ee e,
l i t H w my
.
an d th i b t 5 o gh f
e re s i g t
u en u e nc n o e n c o se
m
. o an
o f t of f i g i
re ee d d7 e nc n s nee e
31 I f p o d of w a l i q i
und to m k 1 } y d f oo s re u re a e ar s o
loth h w m y po d of w ool w ill b q i d t mk ll

.
1
o an un s
y d of th mk i d 7
c , e re u re o a e
ar s e sa e n
32 T do b t w b ght t 8 65 d
. en z en a s
; 8 d e re ou a a oz e n oze n
of th w old t 8 1 p h t d th
e se e re s t t 8i h t W
a er a ,an e re s a a a as
d h w mh 7
.
th gi
e re a lo th lot
a n or a s s on e a n o uc
vi g ow t th t of 1 f i h i 10 m
,
33 I f a ne r i
s a e ra e o an nc n n
i w h t t i mw i ll i t g o w y d 7
.
95
u t e s, n a e r a ar
34 I f i t b g i to ow t q t p t 9 d w t
e ns sn a a u ar e r as a n sn o s a
mi t t w h t tim w ill th
.
,
th e t f } of
ra e i h i
o an nc n a nu e, a a e e
sn ow b f ot d p 7 e a o ee
35 A ti g i 12 }
u s y ;
’
n s a M y 13 } y e ; A
s v
l i e ar s ar
’
s, e ar s n s,
’
mof th it
.
13 y ; d J h 14 } y
1 9
5 e ars an W h t i th o
’
n s, 1 ear s . a s e su e
a g 7 Wh t i th i
es g g 7
a s e r av e r a e a e
36 A ti w i gh 9 8 } po d ; M
u s n y 101 5 p d ; d:
e s u n s ar ou n s an
m f th i w i ght 7
. 1 ,
Al i 100 3 po d W h t i th
”
v n, u n s . a s e su o e r e s
W h t i th i v g w i ght 7
a s e r a e ra e e
37 A m t q l 39 3 i h e er H w my y d i
e u a s nc es o an ar s n a
mt mi 7
.
e d wh t
e r, a n a re a ns
38 M Ly bo ght 12 mt of i lk f d
r s. on u H w e ers s or a r e ss o
m y y d did h b y 7
. .
an ar s s e u
39 Oti i d 8 f w k ;
s re ce ve d ft p yi g d bt or or an a er a n a e
of 8 12 h f d th t h h d j t m
.
5
1 9, e o y
ou n gh t p y f a e a us ne e n ou o a or
h i bo d f I Q w k
s ar W h t w th p i of h i b d f
or ee s . a as e r ce s oa r or
a w k7ee
M I S C E LLAN EO US . 12 1
40 . p
of th di l pl t d th h o h d p
Wh a t a rt e a - a e oe s e u r- a n a ss
v b tw 12 o lo k d q t p t 3 7
o er e een
'
c c an u ar e r as
41 Wh t p t of th d i l pl t d
. a ar th h h d p e a -
a e oe s e u
o r u
an as s
v b tw 1 lo k d h lf p t 6 7
o er e een
’
o c c an a as
42 M J k old 2 5b h l f s s t $3 b h l d u s c or n a a u s e , an
y d H w my y d f
r. en e s o
iv d h i p y i m li
.
re ce e s t 8ia n us n a a ar o an ar s o
mli did h
.
us n iv 7 e r ece e
43 A . di g t h i 6d y
ca n a d B i 5d y
r e nc Wh t n a s, a n n a s. a
par t of th t h e h d i i
re nc
g d y 7 W h
ca n e a c t p t n on e a a ar ca n
b th di g i
o d y? I n h w my d y
on e a both dig i t n o a n a s ca n .
w ki g t g th
or n 7 o e er
44 T h m d Ri h d t g th
o as an hov l p th i 2
c ar o e er ca n s e a a n
m
.
h our s
; T ho hov l i t i
as 3 ho
ca n W sh t p t f i t
e n u rs a ar o
Th m d
.
can both tog th d i 1 ho 7 t t p t e er o n u r a ar ca n o as o
i 1 ho 7 Wh t p t Ri h d do i 1 ho 7 I wh t
tim
11 ur a ar ca n c ar n u r n a
e ca nRi h d hov l i t l c ar 7 s e a on e
45 J m J oh
. a d Ch l
e s, w
n, an p il of w d i 4 ar e s ca n sa a e oo n
hou r s
; J h d Ch
o l n an w i t i 6 5 h W h t
a r e s c a n sap t n ou r s a ar
J m lo h w m y ho
.
o f it ca n a w i 1 ho
es a 7 I ne sa n u r n o an u rs
can J m lo a w it 7
es a n e sa
46 Aft X h lo t of h i m y d " h g i d
mq l t Q of h i h h 63 doll H w m h h d
. er as s s on e , a n as a ne a
s11 e u a o s, e a c as ars . o u c a
eac h tfi t7 a rs
47 I f . t ilo old o t f 8 25 d g i d 1 f wh t i t
a a r s a c a or , a n a ne o a
cos t wh t di d i t o t 7
, a c s
48 A b t h h u w c der lf b th f w h i h h
as a co an a ca o o c e
ti mti g th l f th lf t i f th
.
,
Vl t 8 30 ;
a u es a es a n e va u e o e ca a »
o e
V l of th
a ue w w h t i th e co l f h7 a s e va u e o e ac
,
49 I f h t d v t tog th t 8 8 d th h t o t
mh th t w h t i th o t of h 7
. a a an es e e r c os , a n e a c s s
38 uc as e ve s , a s e c s e ac
50 Wh 1 t of o l i w th 8 9 d g of t of o l
en on c a s or a n a on c a
l p y f 2 of lo d of w ood h w m y p i of bo t t
.
,
Wil a or a a , o an a rs o s, a
32 p i w i ll p y f
a a r, lo d f w d 7 a or a a o oo
51 I f I. i v 25 t f h t by lli g i t t 5of i t
r e ce e ce n s or a a se n a s
cos ,t w h t ho ld I h v a s i v d by ll
u i g it t g f i t o t 7
a e r e ce e se n a o s c s
12 2 M E N T A L A RI T H M E T I C .
my y
52 H ow an ar d s of Q y d
ca n v a sw i d w il
l b ar e e re
q i d to mk
.
u re a e a sc r e e n 16 ; f t lo g d 9 f t wi d ll wi g
ee n an ee e,a o n
noth i g f t 7 n or wa s e
53 H w m y t i l . o an es 4 in c h es q
s u ar e wi ll co e r v 20 squ are
f t7
ee
54 b h l d 1 p k of o t w
On e us ow ie anti ec a s e re s n n a cer a n
d h w m y dk
.
fi lde I f 1 } pi t w
. w t q n s e r e so n o a s u are ro , o an ro
did th fi ld o t i ? e e c n a n
55 W h t w . m y i b ill f at h m o th of asF b y 18 83 ce or e n e r u ar , ,
if I took 80 p d w k d p id 30 t h d d ? ou n s a ee an a ce n s a u n re
56 M y ook book . y I o ti g t k y llow h

c -
sa s, n r as n u r e s, a an our
an d th q t f re e t k y w i ghi g 8 po d d f
u ar e r s or a u r e e n u n s, a n or
e ve ry ddi ti o l po d llo w 10 m
a i t mna o I h nu es re
”
ave a
m
un a
m
.
t k y w h i h w i gh 15 po d 8 o
u r e c ; h
e w h ti s un s u n ce s o uc e
m t I llow f o ti g i t 7
us a or r as n
57 Fo po t t d 11 f t p t iu r t i ght li ; h w
s s s an ee a ar n a s ra ne o
m y od wo ld boy i goi g f om d of th w
.
an r s u a ru n n n r on e e n e ro
t th oth d b k g i 7
f omth i hom
o e e r an ac a a n
58 T w boy d i p t i g bo t th d i t
. o s s u n a u e s a n ce r e r e
to th d pot ttl d th d i p t by tyi g t i g to p k

e e , s e e e s u e n a s r n a s o —6
i th w h l of w h lb ow d t dl i g i t t th d po )
c
n e ee a ee ar r an ru n n o e e
an d o t i g thc u n m b of tim th w h l t d w hi h w
n e nu er es e ee u rne c a
m of th W h l w 3} ti m th
r
,
2 00 I f th i f e ee as es
di mt
. c r cu e r e n ce e ,
a d th t w
e 12 f t h w f
e r an di d th boy l i
a f fl as ee , o ar e s ve r ox
th d pot 7
e e
59 A t i oomo t i 60 b i y d i f i t l gth ;
. ce r a n r c n a ns cu c ar s : s en
i 5y d
s d i t w i dth 4 y d w h t i i t h i ght i f t 7
ar s, a n s ar s, a s s e n ee
60 W h t i th . o t f p il of w ood 1 d lo g 4 f
a s e c s o a e ro n , ee
wid d 4 f t h i gh t 8 8 doll
e, an d ee a a r s a c or
7
61 H w m y q
,
. f t of gl i 4 w i dow of 4 p f
o an s u are ee as s n n s ane
e ach th p , b i g 3 f t l g d 15 i h wi d 7
e an e s e n ee on an nc es e
62 A t 8 2 . d w h t i th o t ff i gt
a ro lo , d a s e c s o e nc n o e nc se an
se p t 3 t g l l t of l d lyi g id by id d h
ara e re c an u ar o s an n s e s e an av
i g th i f o t i th
n e r m t i ght l i ; th w idth of th
r n s n e sa e s ra ne e e
f t b i g 4 od d th l gth of th i d 6 od
r on s e n r s anh7 e en e s es r s e ac
PE RC EN T A GE . 12 3
SE C T I O N X X X VI I I .
PE R C EN T A G E .
97 . 1 . Wh a t is r d o of 500 b hl
us e s 7
2. Wh a t is 1 35 of 200 h p7 s ee
3. W h a t i s 1 80 of .
7 00 doll 7 ar s
4. W h a t is 1 35 of 400 doll 7 a rs
An y m
b e r of h un d r e d th s of a th in g is p e r c e n t of th a t
my b
nu a
thing ; an d th e a bov e qu e sti ons a e aske d as fol

lows :
5 . W h a t i s on e pe r c e n t of 500 bu sh e l s 7
6 . Wh a t i s th r e e p e r c e n t of 2 00 sh e e p 7
7 . W h a t i s fiv e p e r c e n t of 7 00 dolla r s 7
8 . W ha t i s two pe r c e n t of 400 dollar s 7
The sig n is u se d for th e wor ds p e r c e n t.
Wh a t is
9 3% . doll 7
of 300 13 1 7 f 1000 7 ar s . 5 0
10 10 . of 800 po d 7 14 5 f 450 7
u n s . o
11 . 6 of 900 ttl 7 15 7 } ca of 2 000 7

e . 1
12 . 25 f 600 g llo
o 7 16 3§ of 4 000 7
a ns .
17 . T h w hol of
e th i g q l w h t p
e a t of it 7
n e u a s a e r ce n
18 . O ne h lf f thi g q l wh t p
a o a t of i t 7
n e u a s a e r ce n
19 . Wh t p a t f thi g i i of i t 7 2 f i t
e r ce n o a n s o 7
20 . Wh t p a t of th i g i l f i t 7 g f i t 7
e r ce n a n s o o
21 . Wh t p a t f th i g i g f i t 7 i f it 7
e r ce n o a n s o o
22 . Wh t p a t f thi g i
e r ce n f it 7 o f it ?
a n s 1 36 o 1 o
1 6
23 . Wh t p a t of thi g i 5 f i t 7 g f i t 7
e r ce n a n s o o
24 . Wh t p a t of th i g i
e r ce n of i t 7 f it 7a n s 7
90 o
25 . Wh t p a t f th i g i 3 f i t 7 of it ?
e r ce n o a n s 91 o 5
95
Re ad on e h al
f of on e pe r c e n t.
26 . W h a t frac t ion of a th i n gi s 50 70 of i t 7 2 5 7 f it 7 0 o
27 . Wh a t fra c t i o n of a thi n gi s 33} 7 of i t 7 66 ;

0 of it ?
28 . W ha t fra c t ion of a th i n gi s 10 of i t 7 30 of i t 7
29 . W ha t f ti
ra c on o f a thi n gi s 12 } of i t 7 62 ; Z of it 7 ,
98 . Ch g an e th e f l w i n o lo g f tio r ac ns to p e r ce n s t
l
. 111 I V. V. VI . VI I .
8 l 5 1
10 ft a
gs 7 36
b t i i 3 in ‘
xc 7?
0 t 3 3 in it it
d o
i 2 t 71 it it it
9» l t it i it it oh;
C h a n ge th e followi g p n e r ce n s t to co m
mo f ti n rac on s
i . 11 . ii i . iv . v . vi . v n. v iii
f . 2 5 70 7: 4 0 70 37 } 73 6 7} 7: 1 § 70 85 70 12 9
g . 10 70 12 § 7: 80 83§ 2 } 70 8 70 1 7; 70 15 4
11 . 50 70 66 370 60 70 8 7 57; 357: 2% 95 7:

j . 20 70 16 37: 30 75 5 7: 111 7: 16
‘
k . 7 5 70 62 1} 70 7 0 70 90 70 1} 70 4 9 6 70 11}
99 30 In a t own of 5200 i h bi t t n a a n s, 2 5 are Ge r m ans
my m
. .
h ow an ar e G er ans 7
N O T E . 25 = 1 1 of 52 00 e qu a l
s 1300 .
31 . b ght i A t
t6 po d d ol d it
ra de r ou r on a ”
5 a u n , an s so a s
to g i 335 f w h t p i did h ll i t 7
a n or a r ce e se
h l g i l p ll d 24 0 w d d 57 of th mw
,
32 A sc oo r s e e or s, a n e e re
g h w my w w g
. 3
7
w r on o an e re r on
33 A g . p i d 56 po d f t ; f wh t m t h
r oc e r a
0
a un or ea or a u s e
sell i t t g i 37 47 o a n 0
7
34 T h p i c f h y i
. w 8 20
e t r; i f th p
e oi h ld a s no a on e r ce s ou
ad 30
va n ce wh t w ld t b 7 a ou i e
35 A b k h g f i ro ti g mer o y i to k ;
c ar es or nv e s n ne n s c s
h w m h wo ld h
.
o u ci f i ti g 85000 7
u e re ce ve or nve s n
PERC E N T A GE . 125
36 d f
Wh e n ll ti g th t i s pa i
f t w or co ec n e ax e s o a o n,
mi p id
.
wh t a su ll t i g 8 8000 7
s a for co ec n
37 A m p y 8 7 y f th
an a f b sow d m o y; 0 a ea r or e u se o or r e ne
h w mh mt h p y f
o uc th us of fe y 7 a or e u se o r o ne e ar
38 A ti h g 10 7 f ll i g g d ; h w mh
n au c on e e r c ar es or se n oo s o uc
l m
. 0
will h i fe r e ce v e o ti g t 8 84 0 7
o r sa e s a un n o
39 T h h l w k o i t of 5 d y f 5 h
e sc oo eeh d c ns s s a s o ou rs e a c a n
257 f th t i m i g i i th m ti ; h w m y ho
.
,
:o et e s ve n o ar e c o an u rs a
w k ee gi t i thmt i
ar e ve n o ar e c 7
40 At mi ti f p omt i 56 0 p pil w
m
an e xa na on or r o on u s e re ex
f th m p d h w m y p p il p d 7
.
ai d d 90
ne an o e as se o an u s as s e
f th m
,
41 A g d pl t d 960 t
ar e ne rd 87 j li d
an e r e e s, a n o e ve
hw my t
.
o li d 7
an re e s ve
42 A m b ght l d t 8 150 an ou d old i t f an a an ac r e , a n s or
t ; f h w m h did h ll i t 7
.
80 7 of i t3 s c os or o u c e se
43 T h t l tt i
e t i i ty
a x e s on r e a t th t es a e n a ce r a n c a re a e ra e
m t b p id
.
O f 1} th l ti on wh t t e va u a tt
on a ax u s e a on a n e s a e
V l d t
a u e 7a
44 A l dl d h i d th
an t f hi t mt
or a s r a se e re n o s e ne en s
t m t w h i h w f mly t d
.
W h t i a w p id f s no a or a e ne en c as or er re n e
f o r 8 36 7
45 A t d p i d 40 y d f m l th ; i f h ll it
. ra er a
’ a
f ar or s o e c o e se s
s o as t g i 1 00 7 w h t do
o a n h g tf it 7 0
, a es e e or
46 Wh t i 100 7 f 8 15 7 a s o
47 A m md fo t t i tm t g i i g 2 50 if
. :
an a e a r u na e nv e s en , a n n
b i e t d 8 6000 wh t w th m
nv e s e o t of h i g i 7
, a as e a u n s a n
48 W h t i 2 00
. of 35 po d 7
a s un s
49 W h t i 150 7 f 16 a t 7 s o ce n s
50 W h t i 17 57 f 4 0 m
. 0
il 7
ld ml d w h i h t h im8 1500
. a s 0 o es
51 A p lt s e cu a or so so e an c c os so
h w m h did h
.
as to g i f
a n ll i t 7 or o u c e se
52 S omy g ttl w p t i t p t f th m
m d whil th i
. e ou n ca e ere u n o a as u r e or e su
e r, a n d 120 7 i w i ght ; i f th i
e ere n cr e a se 0 n e e r ave r
a e
g w i ght w e 1 50 po d w h t
as d t w h t w th i u n s en u rne ou a as e r
g w i ght w h th y mh m7
,
ave ra e e en e ca e o e
1 00 53 T wo e n ar e to m s h ar e th e e a r nin g s of a c e r ta i n
m
. .
factory ; if 4 0 7 goe s to on e an, w ht a p e r ce n t go es to th e

oth er 7
T he co m mtp le en of an y r c e nt i s th e di ffe re n ce be w e e n h a t t t
mm
p e
t a nd
100 pe r ce n T h u s th e c o pl t
e n t of 40 t is
mm
r ce n
pe r ce n e
p
. e
60 pe r ce n t, a n d th e co p l
e t
e n t of 85 p e r ce n t i s 15 pe r c e n .
54 W h t i th om pl m t of 20 7 f 50 7 of 7 57 7
a s e c e en o
om pl m t of 357 7 f 957 7 of 567 7

. ;
55 W h t i th a s e c e en o
om pl m t f 33} 7 7 f 62 57 7 of 83} 7 7
. 0 0 :
56 W h t i th a s e c e en o o
57 F m
. 0 0 1 0
k o t i i g 2 0 g llo of i 2 0 7 l k d
ro a c as c n a n n a ns w ne , ea e
t mi d i th k 7 h m y g llo 7
. 0
ou t ; wh t p a e r ce n re a ne n e ca s ow an a ns
58 The cr e di to of rs a t b k pt
c e r a in an ru v 4 5 of
r e ce i e
m;
.
th e ir c ail s wh t p a er ce n t do th y lo 7 e se W h t do a es on e
cr e di t l or mf 8 2000 7
o se w h o h as a c ai l or
59 I ti 2 1 7 of th p opl
n a ce r a n C di to w n e e e ar e an a a n s,
G m
. 0
32 7 I i h 17 7ar e r s d h t ti are er a n s, a n t e re s are na
Ami
ve
m
0 , 0
h t
e r ca n s
; p t t i v A w i 7 a er ce n are na e e r can s
60 Of h p i p i d i h i ty f m
t i lk 2 0 7 go to th t
m
e r ce a es
il km 357 to th
. n e c or , 0 e
a n, h l l d l 7 } 7 to h o t y e w o e sa e e a e r, t e c u n r
t go to h f m ; h t
0 1 :
a g t d th i l o d ; th
e n s an e ra r a e re s es t e ar er w a
p t go
e r ce n to th f m 7 es e ar er
101 61 A m bo ght
. w f .
840 d old h f an u a co or ,
an s er or
8 50 . Wha t p e r ce n t did h g e a in 7
u ti on
Sol . H e
ga i n ed diffe re nce be twe e n 8 40 a n d $ 50, or
th e
8 10 . A ga i n of $ 10 on 8 40 is a gai n of H , or wh i ch e qu a s 2 5 l
N or a . T h e ga i n or loss i s always re ck one d as a fr a cti on or a p e r c e n t
of th e c ost .
62m bo ght h. A an u a or s e for 8 160 and s old i t for 8 12 0 .
Wh t p t did h lo 7
a e r ce n e se
63 F om d ov of 1 000
. r a r e s h p
ee , 80 w e r e lo t by s a cc i d t en s .
What p e r c en lo t 7 tw e re s
64 O t fu go of 6000 b h l of pot to 300 b h l

o a ca r u s e s a e s, u s e s
t mk t bl t w mk t bl 7
.
we r e no Wh t p
ar e a e . a e r ce n e re ar e a e
PE RC E N T A GE . 12 7
65Coff bo ght f 2 57 i ld f
. ee u po d Wh t or
‘
s so or a un . a
p t i
e r ce ng i d 7 H s y bo t o
a ne t 8 2 4 d h old i t t enr
’
s a c s , a n e s a
a.lo of 8 4 Wh t p
ss t did h lo 7
. a e r ce n e se
66 A p i . f l d th t o t 15 e ce t o q fo t w
an a c s ce n s a s u ar e o as
sold t l of 6 t
a a q
os s f ot W h t p t w
ce n s a s u are o a er ce n as
lo t 7 T h p o t wh mth l d w
.
s e ers n ld ld it g i f o o e an a s so , so a a n or
1 57 q a sfoot W h t p u ar e t di d h g i 7 . a e r ce n e a n
67 A t d . fi d th t h h ra 83 f
er y 8 5 h ow
n s a e as or e ve r e es .
Wh t p a t f h i d bt
e r ce n h p y 7 o s e s ca n e a
68 T hom f il
. 3 mpl as t of 2 0 i h i
a i th m
s on ti e xa e s ou n s ar e c .
Wh t p a t of h i w o k i o t 7
e r ce n s r s c rre c
69 S ll i . p ll 19 w d t of 2 5
a e s e tly W h t p
s or s ou c or r e c . a er
ce nt do h p ll es s tly 7 e s e c or r e c
70 A d l bo ght 2 50 b ea erl of fl ; h lo t 20 f i t
u ar r e s ou r e s o
mi d W h t p
.
,
an d old 2 57 of th
s : t of th w hol
e re a n e r. a e r ce n e e
re mi d 7 a ne
71 A m i ll
. t k f t ll 3 q t t f er a y b h l of
es or o u ar s ou o eve r u s e
wh t h g i d
ea Wh t p
e r nt do h t k 7 s . a e r ce n es e a e
72 Wh t p . t f 400 g llo i 32 g ll 7 of 500

a e r ce n o a ns s a on s
do i 60 do 7
zen s zen
7 3 Wh t p . t of 1200 i 800 7 of 150 i 90 7 of 240

a e r ce n s s
i s 2 10 7
74 . Wh at pe r ce n t of fii s fi? of i i is ? of li s g ?
75 W ha t p e r ce n t of Q is 3 7 of g i s 155 7
m
.
16
76 A f ar er s old a lot of c ow s, r e c e i v i n g for e ve r y fo u r
mh m Wh t
.
c ow s as u c as fiv e c ow o t s c s hi . a p er ce n t d id h e
ga i n 7
77 A d
l by th l g t (2240 lb ) d l l
e al
er b y u s coa e on on s an se s
m
.
by th h t t (2000 e s If hi p i
or p t oni th s r ce er on s e sa e
;n b yi g i lli g w h t p
u n as t do h g i 7
n se n a e r ce n es e a n
of gl t m
,
78 T h p i . bl b i g
e p
r ce d a ss u e rs e n er oz e n ,
w h t w i ll th
a p i b w h th y 25 e h p ? wh r ce e en e ar e c ea er en
th y 40 7 h p 7
e are c ea er
7 9 A m by i m
0
p d t p l ti o lo t 857 ; if h i
an ru en s e cu a n s e n
h w mh m y mi d to h i m7
. 0
v td es e o uc o ne re a ne
O wi g t f ll i p i
80 h opk p n i obl i g d t
o a ll a n r ce s a s ee er s e o se
o t h im W h t p
.
10 y d f loth f
ar wh t 7 y d s o c t or a ar s c s . a e r ce n
i h l i g
s e os n 7
81 A ld t B l th w h i h o t A 60 7 y d t lo
. so o f c o c c s a ar , a a ss o
w h t d id B p y f it 7 B ll th loth
a t g i a or se s e c so a s o a n
75 wh t do h g tf it 7 a es e e or
102 82 A l wy
a er h as a c om
mi i s s on of 10 for c oll ti
ec ng
m
m
. .
a d bt I f h
e . e r e ce i v e s 8 46 as co i io ss n, w h at was th e
d bt ll t d 7
e co ec e
83 4 6 i s 10 7: of w ht a m
nub ? er
[ S ee pg
a e
m
m
.
84 An a g t
en h as a co i io ss n of 4 70 for s e li nl g r ea l
mwh
.
tt
es a e If he r e c e iv e s 8 500 for se ll i g n a fa r at i s th e
m7
,
.
p r ic e he r e c e iv e df or th e f ar
8 5 500 i s 4 70 of w ht mba nu er 7
ld ho f 8 18 m th i t o t th by
.
86 A r a e r s o
. a t d r se or or e an c s , e re
g i i g9
a n n W h t di d th h o t7 a e or se c s
8 7 A m h t f ili g i b i erc p y 40 f h i d bt
an a n n u s n e ss a s o s e s
l i m p h imf w h i h I h ll
. .
I h ave a c a u ion8 320 or c s a re ce v e
m o t fm m
.
W h t i tha s y l i 7 e a u n o c a
88 By ll i g ppl t 8 se b lI lo 10 7 W h t
n a es a a arre se a
t m7
. 0.
di d th y e c os e
89 W h t m t h
. b th o t f o g w h i h ll
a u s av e een e c s o ran es c se
f
or 8 b t g i f 40 7 7
a ox a a a n o 0
90 A g i f 2 0 % i md by a n ll i g g t i 2g p
o s a e se n su ar a ei
p d F wh t m t i t b old to mk 30 7 7
.
ou n or a u s e s a e
9 1 A m l t 60 %
. 0
w t h by
an ll i g it f 8 80
os on a a c se n or
h w m h h ld h h
. .
F or o l d i t t g i 60 7 7
u c s ou e av e so o a n 0
92 A .i g w ld f 8 4 60 t l
ca r r a e f 87 Wh t
a s so or a a os s o 0. a
p er t w ce nld h b g i d oui f i t h d b ld
ave f een a ne a een so or
8 560 7
93 . T wo w a g on s we r e so ld for 8 150 e ac h; on on e th e re
was a g a i n of 25 an d to th e th
o er a l o ss of 25 T a ki n
g
th e tw o t d
ra es t og the e r, w as th e re a g a in or a lo ss 7 If
ei th e r, h ow mhu c ,
a n d w ht
a p er ce n t7
PE R C E N T A GE . 12 9
94 A m an b y u s rai r lod h
a s ar e s at 40 b low e
p ar va u e l
mt 2 0
.
and s e ll th s e a a bo pve ar va u e l . Wh t p a er ce n td oe s
he g
ai n 7
95 . A m oldan s thf h is w a c or 8 9 0, the r e by l os i n g 40
With th e 8 90 h e b ght th
ou ano er wa th c a n d a ft w er ar d olds s
to g i 40 7 H w m h did h
,
it so as a n 0. tw o uc e lo by th
se e o
t d tog th 7
m th i t t
ra es e er
96 A m o yl d i d 8 24 f
’
- r e ce v e or a on s
mof m y
ne en er n e re s
mo y t 1 % m
.
o n ne o th W h t w th
a a n . a as e su on e
l t 7
d t 11 7 p m i m I f th p m i m
en
97 A h i i
m
. ou s e s n su r e a 0 re u . e re u
i 8
s 7 5 w h t i t h,
o a t i ds th he 7
a u n n su r e on e o u se
98 I tow w h th t
. n a n t th t f e re e ax e s ar e a e ra e o on
t h l t i wh t i th l t i o of
e va u a on , a t t po w h i h
s e va u a n an es a e u n c
t h t e m o t to 8 84 7
ax a u n s
99 W h t i th l ti of
a s t t po w hi h th t
e va u a on an e s a e u n c e ax
m t t 8 7 00 th t b i g 1 27 7
.
a ou n s o e ra e e n
mof m
:
,
100 8 3000 i 3 7 f w h t so y7 o a su ne
mf m y 7
. ;
101 8 1200 i 4 7 f w h t s o a su o on e
mf m y 7
. 0
102 8 7 50 i f wh t s o a su o on e
mof m
.
103 8 6 50 i 1 3 7 f w h t
. s o y7 1 5 0 o a su ne
1 04 I f 1 , of. t h p i i d f th i ge i g i w
r ceh t re ce ve or a n s a n, a
p er t i g
ce ni d 7 s a ne
105 I f 4 of th p i
. i d f thi g i g i w h t
e r ce re ce v e or a n s a n, a
p er t i g
ce ni d 7 s a ne
1 06 W t p . t i g i d w h } f th p i
ha e r ce n i d s a ne en 7 o e r ce r e ce v e
f or athi g i g i 7 W h ; i g in s a n en 1 s a n 7
10 7 W h t p . t i g i d w h a f th ll i g p i i
a e r ce n s a ne en .
o e se n r ce s
gi 7
a n
1 08 W h 1, i g i 7
. en 1 14 W h s i
3 g i
a n 7 . en s a n
1 09 W h . i g i 7 en 115 W h s
7 i g i
a n 7 . en s a n
110 W h 3
. i g i 7 en 1 16 W h s i g i
a n 7 . en s a n
11 1 W h Q
. i g i 7 en 1 1 7 W h s 3 i g i
a n 7 . en s a n
1 12 W h .
g i g i 7 en 11 8 W h s 3 i g i
a n 7 . en s a n
113 W h ;1
. i g i 7 en 11 9 W h s 3 i g i
a n 7 . en s a n
120 . I f th e c s otp r ic e is 2 of th e se lli g p n ri ce , w ht

a
p e r
ce n ti g s a in e d 7
12 1 I f th e
. o t of th i g i 3 of th p i i t i old f
c s a n s e r ce s s or ,
wh t p a t i g i d7
e r ce n s a ne
12 2 W h t p . t i g i d if th o t of th i g i i f
a e r ce n s a ne e c s a n s » o
th lli g p i 7 I f it i i 7
e se n r ce s
12 3 W h t p . t i g i d if th
a t f th i g i 5of
e r ce n s a ne e c os o a n s
th ll
e sei g p i 7 I f it i 8 7 9 7
n r ce s
12 4 W h t p . t i g i d if th
a t of th i g i i
e r ce n s a ne e c os a n s ,
g g
,
f ,
t
oh p i i d
e 7 r ce r e ce v e
12 5 W h t p . t i g i d if th o t of thi g i
a e r ce n s a ne e c s a n s
i 9
,1 6
of th
, p i i d 7
e r ce r e ce v e
Wh t p a t i g i d if h of th foll wi g p
e r ce n s t a ne .
e ac e o n er ce n s
of th p i e i d f th i g i g i 7
r ce r e ce ve or a n s a n
12 6 . 33; 7. 12 8 . 2 0 7, z? 130 60 7, . 132 . 37 ; 7. 7

12 7 . 25 7. 12 9 . 4 0 7, 131 so7, 7. 133 6 2 ; 7..
134 . W ha t p e r ce n ti g s a in e d or lo t wh
s en th e c os t is to
th e se lli g p n r ic e a s 2 to 3 7
N O E T . T h is me ans th a t th e cost is i of th e l
se li ng p r i c e , or th a t th e
of
se l
ling p r i ce is Q of th e c ost . T h e re is a g a i n i n th is c ase o f
Q or 50
th e cost .
135 . Wh a t p e r ce n ti g s ain e d or lo t w h
s en th e c os t is to
th e ll i g p i
se n r ce as 3 to 5 7 as 3 to 4 7 as 4 to 5 7
136 W h t p . a e r ce n ti g s a in e d or l t wh
os en th e c ot
s i s to
th ll i g p i
e se n r ce as 3 to 2 7 as 3 to 1 7 as 5 to 3 7
W ha t p e r ce n t is g ain e d or l t wh
os en th e c ot s i s to th e
se ll i g pn r ic e
137 . As 5 to 6 7 14 1 . As 8 to 11 7 14 5 . As 9 to 8 7
138 As 5 to 7 7 142 As 10 to 9 7 1 46 As 6 to 5 7
‘
. . .
139 . As 4 t0 3 7 14 3 . As 8 t o 57 14 7 . A8 8 to 7 7
14 0 . As 5 to 4 7 144 . As 8 to 1 5 7 14 8 . As l0 t0 8 7
I N T E RES T . 131
SE CTION XX X I X .
I N T ERES T .
10 3 Sa i dAt B o I ne e d 8 500 t o u se for on e y ear C an

l dm my
.
, .
you en ht t
e th e B pl i d on e a n d if so a t w a ra e 7 re e
ld l d th m y t 8 7 A th g B
,
th t h w
a e ou en ot e on e a en av e a n e
f 8 500 took th m y
0.
or d t th d f th y p i d it
e on e a n a e en o e e a r, a
b k to B w i th 8 40 m
, , ,
ac i t t or e a s n e re s .
I t ti m
n o y h g d f th
e re s of m
s o y ne c ar e or e u se ne .
Th
‘
m y f th
e of w h i h i t t i p i d i th
on e or e u se c n e re s s a s e
pn n c i p a l .
The p r inc i pl an d in t t dd d t th mk th e
m
a e re s a e og e er a e
a ou n t.
T h e pe r y ce n t p id f
f th p i i p l i th
a or on e
’
e a r s u se o e r nc a
mg lly ll d i m
s e
zat p e tp er cen ply th t

e r a nn u . e n e ra ca e s e ra e .
I th nbo m pl w h t i th p i ip l 7 th t 7 th
e a ve exa e, a s e r nc a e ra e e
i t t 7 th m
n e re s o t7 e a u n
Th 8 4 0 i t e t w fo d by k i g 8 7 f 8 500
n e re s as u n re c on n 3 o .
1 Fi d th
. i t t 8 500 f 1 y
n e t 67 ;
n t 37 ;
e re s on or e ar a 0 a
at 7 10 70 ;
%; at at
2 . Fi d n th e i n t e re s t on 8 800 for 1 y e ar at 8 70 at 3 70 ; at
4i % at at
;
3 . Fi d th n e in t e re s t on 8 3000 for 1 y e ar at 37 ; at 570 ;
at 6 7 7
%; at at .
4 . Fi n d th e i n t e re s t on 8 2 50 0 for 1 y e ar at 67 ; at
at 7 %; at 3 70 ; a t 9 7 .
5 . Fi d n th e in e r e s t t on 8 350 for 1 y e ar at 17 ; at 4 at
87 ; a t 57 ; a t 7 70 .
6 Fi n th e i n e r e s
. d t t on 8 32 5 for 1 y e a r at 1 at at
4 70 ; at 8 70 ; at 10 7 .
7 . Fi d th
n e in t e r e st on 8 27 5 for 1 y e ar a t 4 70 ; at 27 ; at
67 ; at 57 ; a t 12 7 .
8 .
F d i n th e in e r e s t t on 8 50 for 1 y e ar at 8 70 ; at 57 ; at
77 ; at 6 70 ; a t 10 70 .
9 . F d i n th e i n e r e s t t on 8 15 for 1 y e ar at 5 70 ; at 47 ; at
at 10 7 ; a t
10 .
F d i n th e in t e re s t on 8 9 for 1 y ear at 1 70 ; at 77 ; at
4 57 ; a t 12 7 ; a t
1 1 A t 6 7 a n d for
. on e y e ar fin d th e i n te r e s t on 100 d lar s
ol ;
on 1000 doll a rs .
12 . At 6 7 and for 1 y ear fin d th e i n t e r e s t on 8 300 ; on
8 4 000 ; on
13 . W ha t i s th e y ly e ar in c om e on p yi g
a n 37
in t e re s t7
14 . Wh a t i s th e y ly e ar in c om e on p ay i n g 47
in t ere s t7
1 04 mf m y f 1 y
15 I f th e i n t e re s t on a su o on e or ear is
t th m mf 2 y
. .
84 0 h t i h i t
w a t 7 f on e sa e su or e ar s or 5
6 m
s e n e re s
o th 7 f 3 m th 7 f
,
y 7 f h lf y
e ar s or a a e a r , or n s or on s or 1
y 9m o th 7
e ar n s
I n th e fol
lowi ng e xa m
p l (1 6 4 1) fi
es - rst find th e in t e re s tf or 1 ye ar ,
th e n for th e re
q i u
r e d nu m b fy er o e a rs or fr ac ti on of a y ea r .
16 W ha t i s th e i n t ere s t on 8 500 a t 8 7 for 3 ye a r s 7 for 2

m m
.
y e ar s a n d 6 o th o th 7
n s 7 for 1 y e a r a nd 3 n s
17 W h t i h i t t 8 600 t 6 7 f 2 y 7 f 1
a s t e n ere s on a or e ars or
y d 3m
e ar an o th 7 f 2 y d4 m o th 7
n s or e ar s an n s
18 W h t i th i t t 8 2 4 t 57 f 3 y 7 f 1
a s e n e re s on a or e a rs or
d 2 m d 10 m
.
y e ar an o th 7 f 2 y o th 7
n s or e ar s a n n s
19 W h t i th i t t 8 7 50 t 4 7 f 1 y 7 f 1
a s e n ere s on a or e ar or
m o th 7 f 5 m th 7 f 2 y d7 m
.
n or o th 7 on s or e ar s an n s
20 Wh t i h i t t 88 t 6 7 f 5 m
s o th 7 f 3
t e n e res or s or
m th 7 f 1 y
a on a n
d 11 m
.
on s o th 7
or e ar an n s
2 1 W h t i th i t t 8 60 t 7 7 f 8 m
a s o th 7 fe n eres on a or n s or
d 6 m th 7 f 3 y d 4 m th 7
.
2 y e a r s an on s or e ar s an on s
I N T ERE S T . 133
22 T h e in te r e s t on
. a su mf m
o yf o ne or 1 m
o th (30 d y )
n a s
g 7 2 t wh t i th i t t f 15 d y 7 f 10 d y 7
bein ce n s, a s e n e re s or a s or a s
f 20 d y 7 f
or 5d y 7 f 3 d y 7 f
a s 1 d y 7 or a s or a s or a
23 W h t i th i t
. t 8 6 t 8 7 f 1 m th 7 f 15
a s e n e re s on a or on or
dy 7 f
a s 10 d y 7 f 20 d y 7
or a s or a s
24 W h t i th i t
. t 8 400 t 9 7 f 1 m
a o th 7 f
s e n e re s on a or n or
5d y 7 f 2 5 d y 7 f 3 d y 7 f
a s or 1 d y 7 a s or a s or a
25 A t 8 . w h t i th i t t 8 300 f 1 y 1m o th a s e n e re s on or ear n
and 15 d y 7 a s
26 A t 7 7 w h t i th i t t 8 1200 f 2 y 1 a s e n e re s on or e a rs
mth d 20 d y 7
,
.
on an a s
27 W h t i th i t t 8 100 t 9 7 f
a 3 y
s 4 e n e re s on a or e a rs
mth d 20 d y 7
.
on s an a s
28 W h t i th i t t 8 4 50 t 4 7 f
a 2 y
s 4 e n e re s on a or e ars
mth d 7 d y 7
.
on s an a s
29 W h t i th i t t 8 1500 t 4 7 f
a s1 y 7 e n e re s on a or
mth d 6 d y 7
. e ar
on s an a s
30 W h t i th i t
. t 8 900 t 4 7 f 8 m
a o th d
s e n e re s on a or n s an
1 day 7
31 . W ha t i s th e i n t
e r e st on 8 2000 at 3 % for 1 m th
on and
18 dy
a s 7
10 5 32 Fi d n th e a m
o t of u n 8 2 00 on in t ere s t 2 y e ar s
m th
. .
an d 6 on s at 7 7
F i d th m o t f 8 4500 t 8 7 f 1 y 1 m
.
33 . n o th
e a u n o a or e ar n
an d 5d y a s
m t of 8 5 t 57 f 5 y
.
34 F i d th n e a ou n a or e ar s
m t of 8 7 5 t 6 7 f 10 y
. .
35 F i d th n e a ou n a or e ars
t t 8 7 f o mJ
. .
36 A ot f 8 300 w i tn e 25
or a s on n ere s a r u ne
O t b 10 W h t m t w d
.
t
o c o er th l t dy a a ou n as u e on e as a
md 7
.
na e
37 A ot f 8 1000 w i t
n t t 4 57 f omM h
e or a s on n ere s a r arc
Wh t m
.
2 5 1883 t Ap il 25 1 884 oo t w th d 7 r a a un as en u e
t t 8 7 f omM y 13
, , , .
38 A t f 8 900 w i tno e or as on n e re s a a
Wh t m
. r ,
1 8 83 t J ly 8 1884
, o o t w th d 7
u , . a a un as en ue
l34 M EN T AL A RI T H M E T I C .
39 A no e t for 8 2 50 wa s on in t
e res t at 67 f ro mF b e r uar
y
m t
.
2 0, 1 882, to M a y 8, 18 83 W ha t a ou n w a s du e th en 7
m
.
40 i n th e a F d
u n o t of 8 500 a t 57 for 2 0 e a r s y
m
. .
41 Fi d n th e a o t of un 8 100 a t 6 7 for 16 y e a r s and 8

m
.
o th n s.
Th e 200 - m o n th M e th o d of C o m
p u ti n g I n te r e s t a t si x
pe r c e n t.
N OT E. I n th e fol
lowing exa m
lfl es (4 2—7 2 th e
) ra te is 6 2, u nle ss oth e r
wise sta te d .
10 6 . mof m
42 o ygi i t t q l
. If a su 3 f ne a n n e re s e u a to 7 5 o
i t lf i
se y i h tp t f y
n a e a r,ill i t g i
n i t w t a ar o a e ar w a n n e re s
e q l u a t f i t
to lf 7 I h w m y mo th 7 se n o an on s
mof m y g i i t t q l to t of i t lf
r e
43 I f a su on e a n n e re s e u a se
i 2 m th i h m y mo th w i ll it g i i t t q l
m
.
r e
n on s, n ow an n s a n n e re s e u a
t o
; of i t lf se
44 T h i t t f 200 m th b i g q l t h p i
e n e re s or on s e n e u a o t e r n
ip l h w m m
.
c a ,
y w fi
o d h i t t f a 100 the 7 f n t e n e re s or on s or
50 m th 7 f 2 0 m th ? f l i q ot p t of 2 00 an a u ar s
m
or
on s y or on s
o th n s 7
N T m
200 16 y 8 m o.
m
O E. o.
1 00 m
.
8 y 4 o
6 m 20 d
o.
m
. .
66 3 5y o
50 m 2 m
o . . . .
4 y o.
40 m 4 m
o. .
o. 3y o
33; m 9 m 10 d
. .
o 2 y o.
25 m 1 m
. . .
o 2 y o.
20 m 8 m
. .
o. 1 y . o .
45 Wh a t i s th e i n t t eres on 8 7 5 for 200 m th on s 7 for 2 0

m m th
.
o th n s 7 for on s 7
46 W ha t is th i t
e t n e re s on 8 80 for 100 mo th n s 7 on 8 60
m th mo th
.
for 25 on s 7 on 8 1 5 for 4 0 n s 7
47 W ha t mo th 7 i s th e i n t e re s t on 8 4 00 for 50 n s on 8 45
6 6 3m th 7 8 32 f 2 5 m th 7
.
f or on s
40 m
s on or on
48 W h t i h i t t 8 50 f ao th 7 t or s for 8
m th 7 f 24 m
. s e n e re s on n
on o th 7
s or n s
I N T ERES T . 135
49 Wh a t mo th 7 f
i s th e in te r e s t 8 17 0 for 2 0 4
mth 7 f 16 mo h 7
. on n s or
on s or nt s
50 W h t i th i t t 8 96 f 25 m o th 7 f 12
mth d 15 d y 7 f 15 mo h 7
. a s e n e re s on or n s or
on s an a s or nt s
51 W h t i h i t t a 8 72 f 7 5 m th 7
s t e n e re s on or on s on
8160 f 150 m 8 62 0 f 30 m h
.
o th 7 on t 7
o th f 16 m
or n s on or s
52 F i d h m o t of 8 35 f 8 m
n t e a o th un or n s or n s
2 m
.
;
f 4 y
or o h e ar s nt s.
53 Fi d th m t f 8 200 f 1 y 3 m
n e a o th ; f 2
ou n o or ear n s or
4 m th ; f 10 m t h
.
ye ar s on s or on s .
54 . t f 200 m
T h e in t
o th b i g q l t th p i
e re s or n s e n e u a o e r n
C i p l w h t p t of th p i i p l q l
a , a th
ar i t t f 2 e r nc a e u a s e n ere s or
M o th ( 60 d y ) 7
n s or a s
55 I f th p i i p l i m b of doll th i t t f
e r nc a s a nu er a rs, e n e re s
m
or
o th ( 60 d y ) w ill b h w m y t 7
.
2 n s or a s e o an ce n s
56 W h t i th i t
. tf 2ma o th (60 d y ) 8 58 7
s e n e re s or n s a s on
0 11 89 7 on 8 236 7 on 7
57 K ow i gn n th e i n t e re s t on any su mof m
o y ne for 6 0
G ays, h ow a
y w e fi n d th e i n tme r e s t for 30 d a y s 7 for 1 5
G ays for 2 0 d a ys
7 7 for 12 da y s ? for an y a l i qu ot p ar t of
60 dy a s 7
58 . Wha t i s th e i n t e re s t on 8 48 for 30 dy a s 7 for 20 dy
a s 7
for 10 dy 7a s
59 . Wh t a i s th e in t eres t on 8 600 for 9 0 dy a s 7 for 10

dy
a s 7 for 6 dy a s ?
60 . W h a t i s th e in t ere s t on 8 84 0 for 60 dy a s 7 for 6 dy
a s 7
for 3 dy
a s 7 for 63 dy a s 7 for 93 dy 7 a s
61 . W ha t i s th e i t n e re s tf or 63 d y a s on 8 400 7 on 8 2 40 7
on 8 7 500 7
62 . W ha t i s th e i n t e re s tf or 93 dy a s on 8 8 00 7 on 8 320 7
on 8 2000 7
63 T h e i n
. t eres t f 60 d y b i g f“ of
or a s e n I , th e p r in c i pl a ,
w h t p t of
a ar th e p i ip l q l th i t t
r nc a e ua s e n e re s for 6 da y s 7
1 36 M E N T A L A RI T H M E T I C .
64 . Wh a t i s th e i n t e res t on 8 5000 fo r 6 dya s 7 on 8 63,

000 ? on 8 3500 7 on 8 42 50 7
65 I f th e p r in ci p a li s a n u m
b of d ll
er o a r s, th e i n t e re s tf or
ll b h w m y m
.
6 dy a s wi i ll
e o an s 7
66 . W h t i th i t
a tf s e n e re s or 6 dy a s on 8 50 7 on 8 185 7
on 8 7 00 7
67 K o wi g
n n th e in t e re s t on an
y su mf m
o y o ne for 6
d y h w my w fi d th i t t f 3 d y
.
a s, o a e n e n e re s or a s 7 2 dy
a s 7
4 d y 7 1 d y7
a s a
6 8 W h t i th i t
. t 8 150 f 4 d y 7
a s e n e re s on or a s
69 W h t i th i t
. t 8 a f 1 s e n e re s on or da y 7 for 5
dy 7a s
7 0 W h t i th d i ly i t
. t a 7 s e a n e re s on
7 1 W h t i th i t
. tf 6d y a 8 1000 7 s e n e re s or a s on on 8 3000 7
on 8 7
72 . W ha t i s th e d ily i t
a n e re s t on 8 1000 a t 6 7 7 at 97 7
N O E T T o find th e i n te re s t by th e a bov e r oc e ss a t a n y oth e r r a te th a n

m
.
p
6 pe r ce n t, first find th e i n te r e s t a t 6 pe r c e n t, a n d th e n i n c r e ase o r di i n
i s h th a t i nte re st as th e g i v e n pe r ce n t i s g re a te r or le ss th an 6 p e r c e n t .
T h u s, a t 9 ta k e of
7 a dd to th e i n te re st at 67 5 of i tse lf at 7 pe r ce n t 8
th e i n te re st at 6 pe r c e n t, or a dd 5 at 5 pe r ce nt ta k e 5 of th e i n te re s t a t
6 pe r ce n t, or su btra c t 5 , e tc .
73 . W ha t i s th e i n t e re s t on 8 9 6 for 2 y e ars 1 m th on at
7 7 7 at 87 7 at 57 7 at 41
57 ( g
or 6 7 )
of7
74 W ha t i s th e i n t e re s t on 8 560 for 10 m th
on s at 7 57, 7
m
.
for 15 o th n s at 87 7
75 W ha t i s th e i n t ere s t on 8 1000 for 9 0 dya s at 57 7
m th
.
76 . What i s th e i n t e re s t on 8 2000 for 4 on s at 87 7
at 10 7 7
T h e i n te r e s t on On e D ol
la r at 6 7 .
107 The co m mh
m on e t od of m ti n g si x e nt in te re s t i s
mliply
co c
p u p e r
im
.
to find th e i nte r e st for th e g iv e n t d olla r , a n d t

m
e on on e u
th a t by th e n u b e r of dol
la r s in th e p r i n c i pa l . T h e i nte r e st on 8l
I N T E RE S T .
137
y
be i ng 6 ce nts a e ar is 1 ce nt for e ve r y 2 on th s
(
o r 60 d y ) , and m
m m
a s
1 lfor e ve r y 6 da ys
il T h u s th e i n te re st o f 8 1 for 4 on th s i s 2
1 m h mh mh
.
c e n t, for
ce n ts , for on t
k 3 on t s 11} c e n ts , for 5 on t s 2}
6 m h
"
ce n ts, for on t s 3 ce n ts , e tc and th e i n te r e st of 8 l for 12 da y s

mill ; f m mill
.
is 2 s or 18 da ys, 3 i ll s for 3 d ay s, i of a for 2 da ys , i

of a mi ll f or 7 da y s , I } mill s , e tc .
77 Fi d n th e in t e re s t of 8 1 for 4 m
o th ; ofn 8 5 for
m th
. s
4 on s.
u ti on
S ol T h e i n te r e st of 8 1 for 4 m on th s is 2 ce nts , a n d of $ 5 it
m2 m10
.
i s 5 ti es ce n ts , or 10 c e n ts . A . c e n ts .
78 Fi d th i t t of 8 1 f 1 m
n o th ; f 8 10 f
e n e res or n o or
1 m o th ; f 8 6 f 3 m o th ; f 8 12 f 5 m th
.
n o or n s o or on s .
7 9 Fi d th i t
. t f 8 1 f 6 d y ; f 8 20 f 6 d y ;
n e n e re s o or a s o or a s
f 8 30 f
o 12 d y ; f 8 1 0 f
or 18 d y a s o or a s .
8 0 F i d th i t
. t f 8 1 f 3 d y ; f 8 20 f 3 d y ;
n e n e re s o or a s o or a s
f 8 30 f 2 d y
o f 8 60 f
or 1 d y a s o or a .
81 Fi d th i t
. t f 8 1 f 9 d y ; f 8 100 f 9 d y ;
n e n eres o or a s o or a s
of 8 2 00 f 15 d y ; f 8 600 f 7 d y
or a s o or a s
t f 84 f 1 y 3 m
.
82 Fi d th i t
. n eo th 3 d y
n e re s o or e ar n s a s.
N T O Fi d th i t
E tf y f m
n th d f d
e y p t l
y n e re s or e a rs, or on s, a n or a s se ara e
m
. ,
and a dd th e se v e ra li te s.
83 Fi n d th e in t e re s t f
O 8 10 for 2 y 2 m18 d
1 m15 d
. . . .
84 Fi n d th e in t e re s t of 8 12 for 2 y
4 m9 d
. . .
.
85 Fi n d th e in t e re s t f
o 8 15 for 1 y
6 m12 d
. . . .
86 . Fi n d th e in t e re s t of 8 2 0 for 3y . . .
T o fin d th e r a te , ti m e , and p rin cip al.
108 . 1 . In w h t timw ill

a e 8 100 g a in 8 12 of in t e re s t at
6 pe r ce n t?
u ti on
S ol T h e i n te r e st of 8 100 for 1 y e a r a t 6 p e r ce n t i s 8 6 i t
m y m
.
l
W i lre qu ir e as an y e a r s for 8 100 to gain 8 1 2 as th e r e ar e ti es 6
i n 12 w h i c h i s 2 . A m2 y . e a rs .
1 38 M E N T AL ARI T H M E T I 0 .
W h a t ti mwill b q
e e re u ir e d
2For 8 100 to a i n 8 10 a t 5 p e r c e n 7
. g t
3 For 8 200
.
g a i to
n 8 18 a t 6 p e r c e n 7 t
4 For 8 300 to a i n 8 30 a t 3 p e r c e n 7
. g t
5 For 8 30 to g a i n 8 8 a t 4 p e r c e n 7
. t
1 09 . 1 . At w ht a r a te p e r ce n t wi ll 8 100 gai n 8 6 in 2
y e ars 7
u tion
Sol T h e i nte re st of 8 100 for 2 e a rs a t l pe r ce n t is 8 2 i t y
my m tm
.
w illr e q u ir e as an ti e s 1 pe r c e n to gai n 8 6 , as th e re a r e i e s t
2 i n 6 , wh i c h i s 3 . A 3 pe r ce n t m . .
At w ht t p
a ra e e r ce nt
2 . W i ll 8 100 g ain 8 10 i n 2 y e ar s 7
3 . Wi ll 8 400 g a in 8 24 i n 1 y e ar 7
4 . W i ll 8 120 g ain 8 30 i n 5y e ars 7
5 . W i ll 8 12 5 g a in 8 30 i n 4 y e ars 7
11 0 1 Wh a t p ri n c i p l wi ll g
a a in 60 t
c e n s of in t e re s ti n 2
mo th
. .
y e ars 6 n s at 8 p er t 7
ce n
S ol
u ti on T h e in te re s t of 81 for 2 ea rs 6 y
on th s a t 8 pe r ce n t is m
2 0 ce n ts i t wil lr e qu i re as any dol m
lars Of r i n ci pa to ga i n 60 c e n ts p l
of i n te r e st, as th e r e a r e ti m
e s 2 0 in 60, w h i ch i s 3 A 83 . m . .
W ha t p r in c i pl
a
2 W i ll gi a n in 4 y e ar s at 2 pe r ce n t7
m th
.
3 W ill g i a n 8 1 in 3 y e ar s 4 on s at 6 pe r ce n t7
m th
.
4 W i ll g i a n in 2 on s at 12 p e r ce n t7
8 m
.
5 . W ill g i a n in o th n s a t 9 pe r ce n t7
M I S C E LLA N EOUS s a u n as . 139
SECTION X L .
M I SC EL L A N EO U S E X A M PL E S FO R H I G H E R G R A D E S .
[ C m
l
a j ]
h
’
1 A h a t an d a c oa t t g th o e er c os t 8 15 I f th e c oa t
mh
. .
o t tw i
c s s ce a s uc as th e h t wh t d
a , a oe s e a c h c os t 7
S ol
u ti on . The coa t co s ts th e sa m e as 2 h a ts th e n th e 15 dol
la rs
is th e cost of 2 h a ts a nd l h a t, or 3h a ts . I f 3 h a ts c ost 8 15, l h a t

cost
s 85 a nd th e c oa t c os ts th e sa m e as 2 h a ts , o r 8 10 .
2 W ha t nu m
b er a d d d to tw i
e ce i t lf giv
se es 21 7
m ld
.
3 A a n so a ca n e a nd a kn i f e for 8 do ll ar s For th e
d 3 tim mh
. .
ca n e he r e c e iv e e s as u c as for th e k n i fe . W ha t di d
he r e ce iv e for e ac h7
4 A an d B r e c e iv e 8 20 for m
owi g n a fie ld If A re
tim mh m
. .
c e iv e s 4 es as u c as B , w h t p t of
a ar th e o yd ne oe s
e ac h r e c e iv e 7
5 D iv i d e 8 24 a mg
C th t B h ll h on A, B a n d s o a s a av e
2 ti m m h A d C m h b th A d B
.
, ,
e s as u c as a n as uc as o an
6 A m dyi g l ft 8
, .
an f ll w t
n h f hi
e as o o s : o e ac o s
mt h i 4 ti m mh t
.
,
tw o neph w t i e s a c e r a n su o s so n es as u c as o
mh t hi
,
e ach f hi o ph w d t h i w if
s ne e s, a n o s e as u c as o s s on
an d ph w tog th
ne e H w m h di d h l
s e to h 7
er . o u c e e ave e ac
7 A t t l d t8
n es a i to b d i i d d
e va u e f ll wa s e v e as o o s
mt th 3 ti m
.
to e ach f th tw d ght o e t i o au e r s a ce r a n su o e so n es
mh t mh t
,
as u c d ght
as d t th w if
o on e au e r, an o e e as u c as o
on e d ght au d th t g th
er an H w mh g e to h 7
so n o e er . o u c oe s e ac
1 12 8 Ab k d mp t g th oo t 8 15 I f th book
an a a o e e r , c os e
o t 8 1 m th th mp w h t did h t 7
. . .
c s or e an e a ,
a e ac cos
N T If 81 b t k
O E f m th 8 1 5 th mi d willb th t f
tw m
e a en ro e e re a n er e e c os o
mwillb th t f tw
.
,
o p O if 8 1 b
s. d d d t th 8 1 5 th
r, e a e o e , e su e e c os o o
books .
14 0 M E N T AL A RI T H M E T I C .
9 U p on a tth ree 3 m o p ow th e re are re s a rr s an r ob i n s,
H w my
.
and th e re are 15 bi d of both ki d r s n s. o an a re th e re
of e a c h7
10 T he su mof t wo nu m
b e rs i s 17 an d th e diff e re nce is 3
m
. .
W ha t are th e nu b e rs 7
11 l ti 23 b llot w
At t f tw
an e e c di d t on a s e re ca s or o ca n a e s,
di d t h d 7 m b ll t th th oth
.
an d on e ca n a e H w a or e a o s an e er o
my h d h
.
an a e ac 7
12 A ti l i t d f q l m
ce r a n c ass b f gi l c on s s e o an e u a nu er o r s
mi d h w
.
an d boy I f ft 4 b y h d l ft 1 8 p p i l
s a er o s a
m y f h w i th l t fi t 7
.
, e , u s re a ne , o
an o e ac se x e re n e c a ss a rs
13 I h ool of 80 p p i l th
n a sc th l Th u s e re are ree c a sse s e
q l m
. .
fi t rs d o d l
an h se c n b f p p il d
c a s se s ave an e ua nu er o
5m
u s, a n
th th i d l
e h o th th fi t th
r c as s d H w
as re an
m y th i h l 7
e rs or e s e con . o
an ar e e re n e ac c as s
14 T h p fit bo k 4 5 t H w
e ro th i ms on a o ar e ce n s o ca n s su
th t th p bl i h h llh 4 tim m h
. .
b d i vi d d
e e so a e u s er s a av e e s as u c as
th tho
e au d th t i l h ll h 5 t m
r, an o th th e re a er s a av e ce n s re an e
au th d p bli h
or a n t g th u s er o e er 7
15 A t t l d t8 n i l ft by w i ll
e s a e va u e follow a s e as s
t i mt th
.
T h f tw g d h ild
o e ac o o tw i
ran c r e n a c e r a n su o e so n ce
m h to th tw g d h ild t g th
,
as u c as d t th e o ran c ren o e e r, an o e
w i d w 8 2 000 m
o th t th d g d h ild to or e an o e s on an ran c re n
g the H w mh g
er . to h o u c oe s e ac 7
1 1 3 16 D i i d 1 6 ppl b tw Alb t d M g t v e a es e een er an ar are ,
gi i g t M g t } m y to Al b t H w m y
. .
v n o ar a re 3 as an as er . o an
appl wi ll h h v 7
es e ac a e
a of Albe rt s sh a r e ,
l l }
’
Sol
u ti on . 16 a
pp l e s e q u a s A lbe r t s sh a r e
p u s
’
sh a r e I f 13 of Albe r t s sh a r e is 16 a pple s, 1} of h i s
’
of A lbe rt s
’
or
3
1 .
sh a re is 4 e s , and
a pp l g , or h i s w h ole sh a re , i s 12 a pples .
17 . D iv i d e th e nu m
b er 10 i n t o two su c hp a r ts th t th l
a e e ss
s h ll b
a e 4 as g
la r e as g t th e rea e r
m th t
.
18 H ow s h ll A
a d B d i vi d
an e 8 30 b twe een th e so a
m y doll
.
B lh a ve
sh a l 3 as an ars as A7
M I S C E LLA N E OUS E X AM PLES . 14 1
19 of t 64 f t h i gh w b ok fi i
T h e top a re e ee as r en o n a
t m
.
s or p t b ok ff w q l to } of th p t
. I f th e ar r en o as e u a 1 e ar
t di g w h t w th l gth f h p t
s an n a as e en o e ac ar 7
20 A t m d lo o m oti t t f om l di g t th
,
a c ve s a r r a an n a e
mti m d go i oppo i t di tio I f th t m go

. s ea e r an
n s e rec n s. e s ea er es
m m
sa e e an
it as f t th lo o m o ti
as h w y asi l w i ll h h e c ve, o an es e ac av e
g w h th y 4 8 m
on e il p t7
en e ar e es a ar
2 1 D i i d 1 ho. 6
( 0 m i t )vi to tw h pet th t i ur nu es n o su c ar s a
f th g t p t h ll q l th l e e s s.
y d ivi d d o m m
o e rea e r ar s a e ua
22 J d M an e an b i b tw th m ar e s e ca r c e een e
th t J h d i m
.
l
s e v e s, so o th M y W h t p t of tha ane a re an ar a ar e
mb i did h h 7
. .
ca r c eac av e
23 M M o ld g ld p i l d p f 8 22 I f
. r . a s n so a o e nc an a en or .
th p i e of th p i l w 20 7 h i gh th th p i of th
r ce e e nc as er an e r ce e
p w
e n, h t w th p i f a h 7 as e r ce o e ac
114 of wo k i 2 d y d B do
24 A ca n do a pi e ce r n a s, a n ca n
mw o k i 3 d y W h t p t f th w o k A do
. .
th e sa e r n a s . a ar o e r can
i 1 d y 7 W h t p t of i t
n a B do i 1 d y 7 H w lo g a ar ca n n a o n
w i ll i t t k both t g th to d th wh l w o k 7
a e o e er o e o e r
25 M J t lot f w od i 2 d y
r d hi
on e s c a n cu a o o n a s, a n s son
m l t i 4 d y W h t p t f th l t
. .
c an cu t th e sa e o n a s a ar o e o ca n
h w my d y
.
b th tog th
o t i 1 d y 7 I e er both cu n a n o an a s ca n
t g th
o e t th l t 7 e r cu e o
26 M y mk lo k i 3 d y
ar d J can a e a c a n a s, an ane can
mk it i 4 d y I h w m y d y b th mk i t
.
a e n a s . n o an a s ca n o a e ,
wo k i g tog th
r n e er 7
27 A w lk f m th tow f X to th tow of " i

ca n a ro e n o e n n
6 ho d B
u r s, a n w lk th md i t i 8 ho If A ca n a e sa e s ance n u rs
t t f mX d B f m" w lk i g tow d
.
se s ou ro h th an ro a n ar s e ac o e r,
d of h w m y ho w i ll th y m t 7
,
a t th e en o an u rs e ee
28 A di g } f
. t h i 4dy dB can di g Q f 1 o a r e nc n a s, a n ca n o
it i 2 d y
n H w l g w o ld i t t k A t di g th w h l 7
a s o on u a e o e o e
H w lo g w o ld i t t k B 7 H w m y d y w o ld i t t k
.
o n u a e o an a s u a e
both tog th to di g th w h l 7 e er e o e
142 M EN T A L A RI T H M E T lC .
29 . d y w ill th m A B d 0 d
I n h ow my an a s re e e n, , , a n , o a
pi of w o k wh i h A o ld do lo i 3 d y B lo i
e ce r c c u a ne n a s, a ne n
5d y 0 lo i 6 d y
s, or a ne n a s 7
m
a
30 A q ti ty of th b u anov d by m i 12 e ar ca n e re e en n
t m gi i 2 d y
.
d y by h i 4 d y d by or s e s n a s, a n a s ea
m
s, en ne n a s
wh t t i m
a .
I it b
a ov d by ll tog th 7
e ca n e re e a e er
h w m y ho
n
31 I . n l i t b fill d by th
w il o an u rs a c s e rn e e ree
p ip if th fi t l w o ld fill i t i 2 5h
e s, e th
rs o d a on e u n ou r s, e se c n
l i 3} ho
a on e d th th i d lo
n i 6 3ho 7
u r s, a n e r a ne u rs
of b ot i of m th d
n
32 Lym mk a n ca n a e a ca s e o s n a on an
do th mwo k i } of m th H w m y
,
.
W lt a er ca n e sa e r n 1 a on o an
b th mk i m
.
c as e s c a n o th 7 H w lo g w o ld i t t k
o a e n on e n o n u a e
both tog t h to mk 1 e7 er a e c a se
33 H w lo g w i ll i t t k tw p
. o o to do p i of
n a e . o e r s ns a e ce
wo k w h i h
r l o ld d i g, of d y
c on e th otha on e c u o n a a , or e er
al
on e in 4 of a da y 7
34 On e p mp w ill fill t k i i f h o
u a an n o an u r ,a n d ano th er
m
.
.n 3 of an ho H w lo g w ill i t t k both p
u r. o n a e u p s to fil
l
th e t k7 an
35 I f 1 po d u n of te a w i ll l t as a m an and h is w i f tog th e e er
m lo
.
2 we e k d if s, a n it wi ll l t th as e an a ne 6 we e k h wl gs, o on
wou ld i t l t th as e wo m l a n a on e 7
N T
O E . T h e wife i n on e we e k u se s th e diffe re nce be twee n Q an d 8 of
th e te a .
36 M tog th
ar y d th w h i g f
and E ll en e e r c an o e as n or a c e r
i f m
.
ta n i ly i 4 ho a I f Ell ndo i t l i 6 ho u rs e n can a on e n
i w h t tim
. u r s,
n a M y d it l e ca n ar o a on e 7
37 T h . m A B d C d ig di t h i 3 d y A
re e e n, , ,
a n , ca n a c n a s .
l
a on e co ld di g i t i 6 d yu B lo i 8 d y I h w n a s, or a ne n a s n o
m y d y o ld C lo di g it 7
.
an a s c u a ne
38 A b th t b b fil l d by th hot
a d u ld w t can e e e an co a er
pip i 4 m m
.
es i t n d wh f ll i t bnu pti d by th
e s, a n en u can e e e e
w t p ip i 5 m
.
as e i t I t i h lf f ll
e n l th
d l pi p
nu es . s a u , an a re e es
ar e t se i g Wh w ill th t b b f ll 7
ru nn n . en e u e u
M I S C ELLA N E O US EX AM PLE S . 143
69 A m do an es 3 of p i f w k ai e ce o or n 10 dy a h t
joi h i m m
. s, en
th er ns d th y fi i h th w o k i 6 d y o
my d y
an o an e n s e r n a s re .
I n h ow an a s w ld h h v do i t l
ou e ac a e ne a on e 7
11 5 Ch l b ght 40 ar e s ou an e q l ua nu m
b of 2 c - e n t s ta m
t tm
er
p s
my
. .
and3 p p yi g f
-ce n s a s, a n or th e wh l o e 15 c e n t H s. ow an
of h ki d did h b y ?
eac n e u
Solu tion For 1 of e ac h kin d h e wou d pa y 5 ce nts l

h e nc e , fo r
my
.
15 ce n ts h e c ou ld b u y as an of e ac h k i nd as h e re are os i n 15
’
t .
41 A t ilo
a loth wh i h h w i h d to t
r h a d 36 y a rd s of c e
q l m
.
, c e s ou
so as to h b
ave an e of o t d t th ua t to nu er c a s an v e s s, e c oa s
o t i 6} y d
c n a n h d th v t 2 } y d
ar s h H w
e ac a n e
my of h o ld h h 7
, es s ar s e ac . o
an e ac c u e av e
42 A t d bo ght om h p t 8 5 pi
ra er d
u my s
m
e s ee a a e ce an as an
old th mt 8 8 p i th by g i
.
o t 8 7 pi
re a H a e ce e s e a a e ce , e re a n
H w my h p w
.
i g 8 70
n o th 7 an s
m
. ee ere e re
43 A g o. i tw k i d of
r ce r g i q l q ti ti xe s o n s su ar n e ua u an e s,
on e of w hi h o t 6 t po d d th th 5 t
c c s ce n s a un an e o er ce n s a
pou n d H ll t h m i te se f 8 s d th by m
e k x u re or an e re a es
t H w m y po d of h k i d of g di d th
.
11 ce n s o an un s eac n su ar e
mi t o t i 7
.
x u re c n a n
44 H y w o th 8 2 5 t a i m i d w i th oth
r h y w o th a on s xe er a r
of th m
.
8 18 t i a q l po tion n eWh t i t
ua i t r on s . a s a on e x u re
w or th 7
4 5 H w l g wi ll i t t k o p o to mk j
on y f a e a e rs n a e a ou rn e o
50 m h alf th ti m t th t f 9 m
.
il if h id
es e r es il e e a e ra e o es an
ho u r an d w lk th t f th ti m t 3} m
a s il ho 7
e re s o e e a e s an ur
46 H w m y ho o w i ll i t t k gi l t
an 8 5 if hu rs a e a r o e arn s e
w o k h lf th t i m f d h lf th ti m
.
r s a 12 t e h e or ce n s an ou r an a e e
for 18 t ho 7ce n s an u r
47 A f it d l h ppl wh i h h ll o mf 8 2
ru ea er as a es c e se s, s e or a
b l omf 8 3 d m f 8 4 I f h ll
a rr e , s e or anq l so e or e se s an e u a
mb f h ki d d i 8 7 2 f th lot h w m y
, .
nu er o e ac n , a n r e ce ve s or e , o an
b l of h k i d do h ll 7
ar r e s e ac n es e se
144 M EN T A L A RI T H M E T I C .
48 d ggi t
. iA od f ru q l q ti ty of
s r e ce ve s a n r er or an e ua u an
e ac h f th k i d of d g
o ki d b i g w o th 8 3
re e n s ru s, o n e n e n r ,
an oth w o th 8 er d th oth w o th 8 2
r po d I f h an e er r a u n e
h w m y po d
.
i
re c e v e s 8 50 f th w hol f h ki d
or e e, o an u n s o e ac n
are r e q i d to fillth o d 7
u re e r er
4 9 A ho d l. fill d f $ 7 0 w o th of boot
s e ea er s a n or er or r s, on e
k i d wo th 8 4 p i
n r th w th 8 3 p i Of th l tt a a r, a n o er or a a r e a er
my p i of th fo m H w
.
k i d th
n tw i e re ar e ce as an a rs as e r er o
m y p i of h ki d
.
an a rs q i d7 e ac n are re u re
50 A g o m i d om i th t o t 9 t po d
r ce r xe s e r ce a c s ce n s a u n
mh m th t o t 6 t p d H w
.
w i th t w i ce as uc or e a c s ce n s a ou n o
mh did h g i by ll i g 50 po d of th mi t t 8
.
u c e a n se n un s e x u re a
t po d
ce n s a un 7
51 A o f t i o bo ght gl j
c n ecom t 8 13 d ne r u a ss a r s, s e a a n
om t p i of th fo m k i d 4 t im m y of
.
,
s e a a e ce , e r er n e s as an as
th l tt
e a I f h p i d 8 60 f
er . th l t h w m y f h ki d
e a or e o , o an o e ac n
di d h e bu y 7
52 A .an w m ok d4d y r e a s at 8 a da y , 9 dy t a s a
an d 2 dy a s at W ha t w e r e h is ave ra g d ily w g
e a a es 7
53 On e . h lf of
a a c e r a in t f ar mi w o th 8 100
s r an acr e , 7 } of
i t 8 50 a n ac re , a n d th e re s t 830 a n ac r e . W h a t i s th e a v e ra g e
p r ice a n a cr e 7
54 thi d of H On e r e nr y d k o t h i m7 57 pi
’
s u c s c s a e ce 1 of
th mo t
.
e pi ; c s a e ce an d th t o t 60 7 p i
e res c s a e ce . Wh t a
i th
s g t p
e ave ra i e cos a e ce of th w hol 7 e e
11 6 55 W h t i . . a s th eti o of 2 to 3 7 th t i 2
ra a s, is w h t a
p t f 37
ar o
N O T E Ra ti o m e a ns r e l
a ti on . I n findi n g th e re l
a ti on o f mb two nu e r s,
m my im
.
we fin d e i th e r wh a t p art b is of a noth e r or h ow t
m
on e n u er an e s on e
nu b e r con ta i n s th e oth e r T h u s , th e ra ti o of 2 to 4 i h i t e ra t o of
m m mf h i
. s
4 to 2 i s 2 T h e two b th u s a r e d are th te r t ra t o
mi
. nu e rs co p e s o e .
The se con d te r s al
wa y s r e g a r de d a s th e di vi sor .
56 What i s th e r a ti o of 3 to 6 7 f 6 t 3 7 o o of 3 to 4 7
m
.
57 T wo nu b e rs are in th tio f 5 to 2
e ra I f th e l g
ar er
m
o
mll m
. .
nu b er i s 2 0, w h ti a s th e s a b 7 e r nu er
M I S C E LLAN E OUS E X AM PLES . 14 5
58 . T he ag of tw boy
es o s ar e ti o of 3 to 4 I f th
i n th e ra . e
ag e of th e yo g i 12 y
un er s e a r s, w h t i th
a gs of th ld 7
e a e e e er
N O E T . The ra ti o of 3 to 4 is 2 ; h e n ce 12 ye ars is i of th e ag e of th e
el
de r boy .
59 T wo nu m
b e r s ar e in th e ra ti o of 3 to 5 , an d t h e i r su m
m
.
is 1 6 . W ha t ar e th e nu b e rs 7
N T I f th e 16 be di vi de d i nto 8 e qu a l parts, 3 of th e se par ts wil

l
m
O E
m
.
be one nu be r a n d 5 of th e wi l
lbe th e oth e r .
60 . H ow can y ou di vi db tw tw p o e th t
8 18 e een o e r s n s, so a
t h e ir s h are s s h ll b
a e i thn tio of 4 to 5 7 e ra
61 . Di i vd e th e nu m b 24 i to tw p t w hi h h ll b i
er n o a r s, c s a e n
th e ra ti o of 1 to
62 The su mof tw o nu m
b e rs i s 390, and on e is to th e
m
.
oth to 8 W h t
er as th 5b 7 . a ar e e nu ers
63 D i i d ki t l i 100 y d l g i t tw p t w h i h
. v e a e ne ar s on n o o ar s c
sh ll b to h oth
a e3 to 5 e ac e r as .
64 A f th .g h i tw h ild 60 t wh i h th y
a er av e s o c re n c e n s, c e
ar e to h i p po tio to th i g 10 d 14 y
s ar e n ro r n e r a e s, an e ar s .
W h t i th ha f h7 s e s a re o e ac
65 I t i q i d to w b d 30 f et lo g i to th
s re u re sa a oa r e n n re e
m
.
pi p op ti o l i l gth t th
e ce s r b 3 4 d5
or na n en o e nu ers , , a n .
N OT E . I f we su th e wh ol e l e n th , 30 fe e t, to be di v i de d i n to
ppose
g
3 4 5 or 1 2 e qu alp a r ts, one p i e ce wi ll c onta i n 3, a noth e r 4, a nd a n
oth e r 5 of th e se e
qu a l a rts
p . T h e le n g th s ate re spe c ti v e l
y 3, t ,
15 I }
a nd
1,
5
of 30 fe e t .
66 boy wh
. T h
12 14 d 16 y
re e d
l p s, o are , , an e ars o re s ec
ti l y
ve to h 8,
6 3
ar i
e p op t i to th i g sW h t ar e n r or on e r a es . a is
th h e f s h7 ar e o e ac
67 C d D hi d p t f 8 25 C p t d 3 h o
an re a a s u re or as u r e rs e s,
H w m h ho ld
.
an dD p t d 2 ho as u re hp y7 r se s . o u c s u e ac a
u tion
Sol . B oth toge th e r pas tu r e d 5 h ors e s . Si n c e 0 p astu r e d 3
h orse s , h e sh ou ld p a y g of 8 25, whi c h i s 8 15 a n d si n ce D pa stu re d
2 h orse s , h e sh ou ld of 8 , h i ch is 8 10
p ay
i 25 w .
10
68 . T wo f ar m e rs b o u g h t a s ac t k fh yf o a or 845 . On e fe d
5 h orse s a n oth 4 h d th e l l t H w er or s e s u n ti l i t w as a ea e n o
m h h ld h p y 7
.
uc ou e ac a
k ld om b i f 50 t I f
s
69 J h d F o n an ra n so s e e rr e s or ce n s
Joh ld 6 q t d F k old 4 q t h w m y t
. .
n so u a r s, a n ra n s u a r s, o an ce n s
s h ld hou iv 7 eac r e ce e
7 0 Wi h d 85 d W bb h d 8 7
nn T h y lo
a d th i a n e a e ane
m
.
, . e r
o yf ne y d i d 84
or on e t i t t H w
e ar , a n re ce ve ce n s as n e res o
m y t ho ld h b y h 7
.
an ce n s s u e ac o av e
7 1 T w w dm g to t lot of l m
o oo b f 8 100 an a re e cu a u er or
h i d m w o k 5 d y ; d th oth w i th
. .
O wi th th
ne , re e re e n, r s a s an e e r,
fo ur h i d m wo k 6 d y re H w m h of th
e n, m y r s a s . o uc e on e
s h ld hou iv 7 e ac r e ce e
72 A B . d 0 di d pi of wo k tog th
, , a n A wo k d a e ce r e er . r e
2 d y a B wo k d 3 d y
s, d C wo k d 4 d yr eI f th y a s, a n r e a s . e
i d 8 36 f
r e ce v e th i w k w h t w th h of h 7 or e r or
m A B d C w ki g tog th b ild w ll
, a as e s ar e e ac
73 T h . ree e n, , ,
an ,
or n e e r, u a a
f 8 30
or A o ld b i ld i t l
. i 15 d y B l
c u i 12 u a on e n a s, a on e n
d y d 0 lo i 10 d y I f th y h th p y o d i g
a s, a n a ne n a s e s ar e e a ac c r n
hm h 7
.
to a bili ty t w k w h t i o or , a s e ac an s s
’
ar e
74 T w .d hi d p t t g th f 8 7 T h
o r ov e r s re a as u re o e er or e
fi t p ti 4 o
rs u d th n d 30 h p W h t ho ld
x e n, an e se co n s ee a s u
t m h 10 h p 7
.
e ach p y if 1 a ox e a s a s u c as s ee
75 A d B g g to di g p it f 8360 T do th
an en a e a or o e
t 5 m d 4 boy d B t 8 m d 6 b y
. .
w k Aor se n e n an s, a n se n e n an o s.
H w mh m
,
o o y h ld hu c iv ppo i g th t boy
ne s ou eac re ce e , su s n a a
d h lf m h w k
oe s a m
as u c or as a an 7 .
7 6 A p t 20 o
. B 2 7 ow u d C 35 h p i to x e n,
p c s, a n s ee n a as
t f w hi h th y p i d 8 9 6 W h t ho ld b p i d by h
u re or c e a a s u e a e ac
mh g
.
, ,
su pp i g th t 2
os n t a 3 ow 7
ox e n ea as u c rass as c s or
sh p ee 7
77 I p t
. 5 ho
n a b lo gi g t A 20 o
as u r e a r e b rse s e n n o , xen e
lo g i g to B d 15 w b l gi g to C W h t i
n n a n h co s e on n a s e ac
m p opo tio of th t pp i g th t 1 ho
,
.
an s
’
r r n t e r e n , su os n a r se ea s as
mh g uc 2 o 3 ow 7
r as s a s x e n or c s
M I S C ELLA N E O US EX AM PLES . 147
78 boy do pi
Six m
f wo k f w h i h th y
e n a nd 6 s a e ce o r or c e
mh wo k 2 m wh t w ill
.
,
i
rece v e8 60 I f 3 boy do s as uc r as e n, a
h m
.
ea c i v ? wh t wil l hby
an r e ce i e a eac o r e ce ve 7
79 M G d M B t d i t p t h ip M G
. r . . an r . . e n e re n o a r ne r s . r . .
p t u i 8 2 ft n M B p t i 8 1 I f
as th y lo t
o 8 7 5 en as r . . u n . e s ,
wh t w aho h of th lo 7
a s e ac ne s s
’
a re e ss
N OT E . As ofte n as 8 3 we re pu t i n, M r G pu t i n 8 2, . . an d M r. B .
81 th e re fore M r . G sh ou l
. oss a nd M r B
d be a r 8 of th e l . .
80 M D and M F en er t to p t h ip T h
in a r n e rs e
m
r r
m yM
. . . . . .
on e r. D in v e s
. t s is to th e o y M F i t i th
ne r . . nve s s n e
ra ti of
o 3 to 4 . If th y g i
e a ne d 8 56 wh t w h o , a as e ac ne s
’
sha r e 7
Joh F k d T h odo i t d th i m
81 n, o y i
ra n an e re nve s e e r ne n
Joh m y w to F k
,
.
a ppl es 2 t 3
n s
’
d T h odo on e as ran
’
s as o a n e re
mh m o y both f th m I f th y bo ght 50
.
,
h da as u c ne as o e e u
ppl h w m y ho ld h boy
.
a e s, o iv 7 an s u e ac r e ce e
82 X d " t i to p t h ip X p t i 8 5 d
an en er n ar ne r s u s n an
h i ti m w h i h h v l
. .
s e, t 8 10 d " p t i 8 10
c I f th y
e a u es a , a n u s n . e
g ia n8 2 0 w h t i h o, h 7 a s e ac ne s s
’
ar e
83 A B . d C fit ,
t h ip f , oy g A f i h
an ou a s or a v a e . u rn s es
8 4000 B 8 5000 d C 8 7 000 Th p o fit of th yg an e r s e vo a e
mo t to
, , .
a u n Wh t i hp t h 7 a s e ac ar n e r s s
'
ar e
84 C d D hi p t f th m
an m p yi g 8 20 f re a as u re or e su e r, a n or
2 m th
.
th e of it 0 p t
u se 3 w f d D p t as u re s co s or on s an as u r e s
4 m
.
1 cow f o th W h t p t f th 8 20 h ld h p y
or n s . a ar o e s ou e ac a 7
S ol
u ti on T h e p astu r i n g of 3 cows for 2 on th s i s th e sa e as th e m m
m
.
a s tu r i n g of 6 cow s for 1 onth d th t i of l c o w for 4
m
an p u r
m
p e as n
g
m o n th s i s th e sa e as th e pa stu ri n g of 4 c ow s for 1 on th so i t i s
th e sam if 0 p e as as tu r e d 6 c ow s, a n d D 4 c ow s , or 10 c ow s a l
toge th e r ,
1 m th C s sh a re of
’
fo r on . th e c ost sh ou ld be Q of
I } 8 20, or 812 , a n d
D s sh ar e sh ou l
d be 1 of
8 20, or 8 8
’
16
.
85 T h e typ f book w e or a a s se t for 8 144 On e offi ce fu r

h d 2 om
. .
u is e po i to f 7 d y
c s rs or a s and an oth er 5 for 2 dy a s
w m h ho ld
.
H o uc h offi s u e ac c e r e c e iv e 7
B ow d M Sm
86 . i th h i
M r t bl t g th f
. r n an r . re a s a e o e er or
8 7 2 g i g to h
, a th p i p opo ti o to th
re e n s ar e e ex e n se n r r n e u se
md of i t M B ow k p th 5 ho f 3 m
a e o th r. r n ee s e re r se s or n s,
Sm 7 m
.
an dM i th 3 ho f r o th W h t t ho ld h
. r se s or n s . a re n s u e ac
a
p y
11 7 87 Hom er and ob t tog th

R er e er h ave 10 p eac h es
of Hom my
. .
er s
’
h s ar e e qu a s l f Rob t o er
’
s . H ow an h as
eac h?
N O E.T If of H o m e r s sh a re
’
is e
qu a lto Q of Robe rt s, 8, or th e
’
wh ol
e
of H o m e r s sh a re , e
’
qu a l
s 3 of Ro be rt s
’
. So th e i r sh a re s a re i n th e ra ti o of
2 to 3, a nd th e qu esti on is to di vi de 10 pe a ch e s in to two par ts i n th a t
88 T he su mof tw o nu m
b e rs i s 4 2, a n d of th e l e ss is
m
.
e q ltu a g to Wh t of
th b 7
th e rea e r . a ar e e nu e rs
89 I o h d o t i i g 120 ppl d p t
n an rc ar c n a n n a e an e ar r e e s,
of th m m
.
b of ppl t
e nu q l of th er b of p a e re e s e ua s e nu er e ar
t H w my t
re e s . f h ki d 7
o an re e s o e ac n
90 T h o t of bo t d i ggi g w 8 65 d of th
. e c s a a an r n as , a n e
o t of th bo t w q l to g of th o t of th i ggi g
c s e a as e u a e c s e r n .
W h t w th o t of
a h7 as e c s e ac
9 1 At w h t t i mof d y i i t t th t of th tim i
a e a s ru e a e e s n ce
oo i q l to th timb f m
.
n n s e i d i ght 7
u a e e e or e n
9 2 W h t o lo k i i t w h t} of th
a t im p t m’
i d i ght
c c s en e e as n
q l to th ti mto m
.
i s e u a i d i ght g i 7 e e n a a n
93 W h t i th t i m by th lo k w h g of th t im
a s e e e c c en e e
mi d i ght q l th timb f
.
i
s n ce n o 7 e ua s e e e or e n o n
94 T h diff b tw tw
e m b i 6 d th e r e nce e een o nu e rs s a n e
m m
.
,
l b i 4 of th g t
e ss n u Wh t
er ths b 7 e re a e r . a are e nu e rs
N T
O E T h e diffe r e n ce be tw e e n th e two m
b is e qu a l to 2 of th e
m
nu e rs
m
.
g re a te r nu b e r. So 2 of th e g r e a te r n u b e r e qu a l
s 6 .
9 5 At w h t timof d y i
a e a s th e ti mp d e a ss e s in c e 9 o lo k
’
c c
f th t i mp
.
e
q u a l to
g o ed e asse s in c e 8 o lo k 7
’
c c
M I S C ELLAN E OUS EX A M PLE S .
14 9
96 t im f d y i } A t wh a t e o a s of th e ti mp m id i g h t
e a st
q lt th timp t o 7
. 1 n
e u a o e e as n on
97 i of A g q. l 3 f B
’
s a e e ua s o
’
s a ge , a n d h mof th i
t e su e r
a g i 31 y
es W h t i th g
s e a rs . a s e a e of e a c h7
N O T E If i of As
’
ag e e q u als 8 of B
’
s ag e , g of A
’
s ag e e qu al
s of Q
m it
.
fB s ag e , a n d i , or th e
’
wh ol of A s age , e qu a l
’
’
s 8 ti I "of B s
’
or i s o e es or
ag e . T h e ir a g es th e n are a s 1 6 to 15 .
98 T wo th i d of A mr o yi qs
’
s ne s e u al to fo u r fifths of B ’
s
my m y doll
.
on e ,
an d tog th th y h 8 12 1
e er e av e . H ow an ar s h as
99 h t ti mb tw d tw At w a e e een on e an o o c oc
’
l k w ill i of
th t i mp t q l f th timb fo
.
e e as on e e u a o e e e re tw o 7
1 00 T h d i ff b tw tw m b e e r e n ce e een o nu e rs i s 2 1, a n d g of
t q l 3 of th mll W h t m
.
th g e rea e r e ua s e s a er . a are th e nu b e rs 7
N O T T h e g re a te r nu m
b i ft of th e mll e r, a n d th e i r di ffe re n c e i s
m
E s
m
er s a
mll
.
'
of th e s alle r Or , th e s a e r nu b er is llof th e la rg e r , a nd th e i r dif
m
1 .
fe r e n c e is i x of th e l
a rg e r So 2 1 e u al ’ of th e s al le r , or I : o f th e l ar e r
m
.
q s 1s g
nu b e r .
101 hool oo m 14 m o gi l th boy

In a sc d 1 r ar e re r s an s an
m m
.
o f th b of b y i q l to i of th
e nu er b of gi l o s s e u a e nu er r s
H w m y of
.
o h th 7 an e ac are e re
1 0 2 At wh t l k i i of th t i m p t 4 o lo k q l
a
’
o c oc s e e as
’
c c e u a
f th t i mp t 5 o lo k
.
’ 7
t 1
o 1 6 O e e as c c
1 0 3 Aft G o g h d p t f h i m y d Alf d
er e r e a s en o s on e an re
ml ft H w m h h d h t fi t
.
o f h i th y h d q ls, e a e u a su s e . o uc a e ac a rs ,
i f t g th th y h d 85 t
o e er e a ce n s 7
1 04 A h d 8 3 m th B b t wh A h d p t f
a or e an u en a s en o
m m
.
h i s y d B f
on e h i th y h d qanl l ft H w o s, e a e u a su s e o
mh h d h tfi t7
.
u c a eac a rs
1 05 A m t w . b k 3} f t b l w i t m iddl po i t
as as ro en ee e o s e n
i to tw p t h th t of th ho t p t q l of th
o a r s , su c a e s r er ar e u a s e
th e w hol mt
n
lo g n H w lo g w
er . o d h w l g i h n as e a s , an o on s e ac
p art ?
N O T E. T h e di ffe re nce be twe e n th e two parts is twice 3} fe e t, or fl e e t.

106 f omtw t w to mt th
A an d d B s e t ou t r o o ns ee on e r oa
th y mt 6 m f omth h lf w y poi t th y fo d
.
.
Wh en il e e es r e a - a n e un
th t 3 of th di t
a Ah d mw q l t of th di
e s a n ce a co e as e ua o e s
t B h d m H w f h d h m7 W h t w th
a n ce a co e . o ar a e ac co e a as e
di t b tw th t w o 7
fifth of A m
s a n ce ee n e ns
o y i q l t g of B m y ;
e
10 7 T h ’ ’
s on e
h w o ld h v th m
. re e s s ne s e u a o
b t i f A h ld g i
u B doll s ou ve a ar, e ac u a e e sa e
a m o t H w mh h
u n . h w7 o uc as e a c no
108 A p h vi g 7 ho t h i di p l p opo to a u rs a s s os a r se s
ho mi
e r s on n
i d f om
.
e o h f h d w lk b k a c ac as ar as e ca n , a n a ac
o h t v l 10 m
r r e n .
H w f o h go i f th
a r ca n il ho e d e c ac ra e s es an u r, an
h w lk 4 m
e a il ho 7 s e s an ur
N O E T ks 4
I f h e wa l m
il h ou r, i t ta k e s h i m} h 2 to wa l
k
m
. es an ou rs as
fa r th e c oa c h in 1 h ou r T h e ti e s spe nt i n wa l
ki ng an d r i di n g
m
as
g oe s .
u st, th e r e fore , be i n th e ra ti o of 2} to 1 or 5 to 2 .
109 H ow fa r ca n a p o t v l i 33 ho if h w lk
e rs n ra e n u rs e a s
t f 3m
.
h lf th di t
a e s ance a t th il
e ra e o ho d id th e s an ur an r es e
oth h lf t th
er a a e ra e t of 8 m il ho 7 e s an u r
11 0 A bo t w th t w 8 m il ho i ti ll
’
a s cr e a can ro es an ur n s
t m t i di t
.
w t ow d w
a er r s o n s rea d b k g i
a ce r a n i s a nce a n ac a a n n
4 ho H w f
u rs ar do i t go i f th t mflow t th
es t
f 4 m
. o , e s re a s a e ra e
o il ho e s an u r 7
11 8 111 A i s 50 r od s ah e a d of B wh o is in p it If
m
. .
, u r su .
B ru ns 30 ro d s an d A 28 r od s a i t nu e, ho w lo g w i ll n th e
ch a se c o tin nu e 7
N O E T . B ga i ns 2 rods a m
i t nu e , and h a s 50 r ods to ga in .
1 12 A fox i s 4 0 r od s a h d ea of a h ou n d and r u ns 8 ro d s
mt
.
w i h l th ho d
e e u n ru n s 9 . H ow fa r u s th e ho d un ru n to
ca c t h th f 7 e ox
N O E.T H e m u st r u n 9 r ods to ga i n 1 r od .
lo k f i mk d ff i to 12 p
113 A c c - a ce s ar e o n s a c e s, a nd th e ho u r
my
.
h d go o 1 of th
an p v yh es ve r e se s ac e s e er ou r . H ow an
h p
su c do th m ist h d go ov i
ac e s es e nu e an er n an ho u r 7
M I S C ELLAN E O US E X AM PLES . 151
114 o lo k th tw h d
At 12 t g th ’
d th
c c e o an s ar e o e e r, a n e
mi t h d t t 3 i p it of th ho h d h vi g
.
nu e an s ar s 0 n u rsu e u r an , a n
th w hol i l of th lo k f t g i W h th -
h d t 1 o lo k 7 H w my p
e e c rc e e c c a ce o a n . e re a re e
h’
h h d go as e ac an ne
m
an s a c c o an s ace s
o i th ho 7 H w m y p
ve r n e h th i
u r t h d o an s ac e s as e nu e an
g i
a d ne th ho h d i
on ho e ur an n on e ur 7
115 At 1 o l k th m t h dh s p t gi
’
. i c oc e nu e an a on e s a ce o a n
on th ho h d b fo o t k i g i t Wh t p t f ho
e ur an e re ve r a n a ar o an ur
w i ll th m i t h d t k t do th i 7 H ow m y m
.
e nu e i t 7
an a e o an nu es
t h w my m
s
Th en a i t p t 1 o lo k willth tw h d
o an nu es as
’
c c e o an s
b tog th
e 7 e er
1 16 At 2 o lo ck w h th h d 7 H w my’
an o an
m
. c , e re a re e s
sp h
a ce s t h i t h d
ast g i t
eh ho h d b nu e an o a n on e u r an e
fo v t ki g it 7 At h w m y m
re o er a i n t p t 2 l k o an nu es as
’
o c oc
wi ll th h d b t g th 7 e an s e o e er
1 17 At wh t ti m b t w 6 d 7 o lo k a th ho e
’
c c are e u r
t h d tog th 7 At wh t ti m b t w
e een an
d m
.
an i nu e an 10 s e er a e e een
an d 11 7
1 18 my mi t p t 11 o lo k ill h h d
. At h ow an nu es as
’
c c w t e an s
b og th ?
e t e er
11 9 D i g h t i m f m oo to m i d i ght h
u r nmy t e e ro n n n ow an
im d m
.
t h ho i t h d tog th t d h e r, an at w at
l of i m7
e s are e ur an nu e an s e
i t
n e r va s t e
119 120 A f th a er i s 30 y old

e ars and h is s on is 4 In
my y
. . .
h ow an e a rs wi ll th e age of th h e so n e
j us t of th e a g e of
t h e fa th er 7
N T h e di fie rcnce be twee n th e i r l be
'
OT E is a nd a l
wa ys wi l 26
m
. ag e s
y e a r s . Wh e n th e son s a e co
g
’
es to be th e fath e r
’
s ag e , th e diffe re nc e
be tw e e n th e two wil l be th e fa th e r
’
H 26 yea rs e qu a l th e
m
s a ge . e n ce s
fa th e r s ag e a t th a t ti e
’
.
12 1 m d Gi l
. W illia an e s ca n e a c h e arn 8 1 in a da y . W ill i a m
h as l dy w o k d 8 d y
a rea r s, a n d G il h okd 2 dy
w a
w my m
e as r e s
W i lli mm
a es
o d y mt
.
H ch w o k b fo o y ’
o an re a s u s ea r e re a s ne
w i l be l j t do bl Gil
u s u e es
’
7
152 M EN T AL A RI T H M E T I 0 .
m
oth i 35 y
122 old d h A
i 5 I h w er s ears an er son s n o
m y y will th o g h f h moth g 7
. .
’ ’
an e ar s e s n s a e e o t e er s a e
123 A m i 40 y old d h i wi f 30 I h w an s n ow e ars an s e n o
m y y will h g b 5 f h i g 7
. .
an e ar s er a e e o s a e
124 A moth i 40 y ld d h i 22 H er s e ars O an e r s on s ow
my y mth
. .
an e ars i s i t si n c e th e s on wa s as old as th e o er 7
12 5 Ar th ur is n ow 28 y e ars old an d M ar yi s 18 H ow
my y
. .
an e a r s si n c e M ar y ’
s a ge was g of Ar th u r s
’
7
12 6 A h as 8 48 and B h a s 8 36 H ow mh m t u c u s e a ch
p d i o d th t B my h mh A 7
. .
s en ly 9
n r er a a a v e on as u c as
12 7 C h 8 26 d D h 8 38 H w h as an as omh mt u c u s eac
mi o d th t C my h mh D 7
. .
ca n r er a a av e as u c as
128 O pol i 50 f t l g d oth 40 f t A pi

ne e s ee on an an er ee e ce
of th ml gth i t b t f o m h th t th mi
. .
e sa e en s o e cu r e ac so a e re a n
i g p t
n h ll b to h othar s s7 to 5 Wh t mt b th a e e ac e r as . a u s e e
l gth of th pi
en t ff 7 e e c e s cu o
12 0 By ll i g p i . f l i o t 10 t y d
129 . se n a e ce O ca c a ce n s a ar
wh i h ho ld h v b
c ld t 13 t I lo t 90
s u t a e een so a c e n s, s ce n s
H w my y d w
m
.
o th i th p i 7 an ar s ere e re n e e ce
130 T ho wi h t b y ti m b of h i k as s es o u a ce r a n nu er c c e ns
ki d t 2 5 t pi w o ld q i 8 1 m
. .
T b yo u on e o n a ce n s a e ce u re u re re
th to b y oth ki d t 20 t pi
an u H w m y doan er n a ce n s a e ce . o an es
h wi h t b y 7
e s o u
131 Joh g v 2 p pi to h i o i d h d 5
n a e e ar s a e ce s c u s n s, a n a
th m4 p i h w o ld h
. .
p l ft I f h h d gi
e ars e e a ve n e a e ce , e u ave
td3m T h w my o i
.
w an e o p did h g i v th re e ar s . o o an c u s ns e e e
p 7 e ar s
N O E T I t wou l
d h ave m
q i u re d 5 3 or 8 pe a rs ore to g i v e th e m 4 m
m m
.
i th t i th 2 i I f i t r e qu i re d 8 p e a rs ore to g i v e 2
m m
a
p e ce an o g v e e a
p e ce
m
.
ore pe a rs to e ach cou si n , th e re u st h a ve be e n as a n y cou s i n s a s th e r e

’
a re 2 s in 8 .
By lli g l t f plo gh t 815

132 se n a o o u s a e ach , a mh t e rc an
By lli g th mt 8 18 h h
.
w i ll g i 8 7 0 a n se n e a e ac e wi ll g ai n 89 1
H w m y plo gh
.
, .
o th i th lot 7 an u s are e re n e
M I S C ELLAN E OUS E XAM PLES . 153
133 bo ght oA m
m b q t t 2 5 t p i d s ou u e s a ce n s a e ce , a n
m
an u e
m
.
h d 20 t l ft I f h h d b ght t h b t 27 ou e sa e nu er a
h h w o ld h w t d 10 t m
a ce n s e . e a
t
c e n s e ac e uo to p y f av e an e ce n s re a or
th m H w m y di d h b y 7
,
e o an e u
m
.
134 A bo ght l th t th t of 8 3 f 4 y d old c o a e ra e or ar s, s
m
. an u
i t t th
a t of 8 7 f 6
e ra ey d d g i d 8 1 5 H wor y ar s, a n a ne . o an
y d w th 7
ar s e re e re
135 A m .
g d to p y l bo an a8 3 d y free v y d y a a a re r a a or e er a
h w
e o k d d th
r l b e w ,
t fo
an f i t 8 1 f ev y day h or e r as o r e or e er a e
w as i dl A t th p i
e t i o of 1 0 d y h i
e exv d 8 2 2 H w
ra n a s e r e ce e o
m y d y w h idl 7
.
.
an a s as e e
NO E T
I f h e h ad wor k e d 10 da y s h e w ou d
l h a ve r e ce i ve d 8 30 T h i s
m m
.
.
i
i s di i n s h d f d h i s i dl e by 8 ,3 th e w a g e s h e w ou d
l h a v e
su e or e ve r y a y e
ea rn e d, an d 8 1 , th e for fe i t, or 8 4 i n a l l .
136 h i d to w o k f 83 d y b t
. A mw an as re r or a a ,
u on c on
di t io th t f n v y d y h w i dl h ho ld fo f i t
a or e er a e as e e s u r e
At th d of 2 0 d y h
e i v d 8 33
en H w my d y a s e r e ce e . o an a s
h d h b
a i dl 7 e een e
1 37 A p i t 8 15 w k w h h h wo k dh
a n e r e arn s a ee en e as r a n e
p y 84 w k f h i bo d llth tim H w m y w k
,
a s a ee or s ar a e e . o an ee s
h as h w o k d if t th
e d of 10 w k h h r v d 8 50
e a e en ee s e a s sa e
7
1 21 h t p opo ti o m t ga w o th 14 7
138 In w a r r n u s su r r a
po d b m oth o t wo th 9 7 th t th m
. .
i d w i th
u n e i t xe an er s r r a e x u re
my b wo th 127 po d
,
a e r a un 7
S ol
u ti on . On e ve ry p ou n d of th e be tte r sort th e re i s a l oss of 14 7
le s s 12 7 , or 2 7 p . On e ve ry ou n d of th e p oore r sor t th e re i s a ga i n of
37 W i th e v e ry pou nd of th e be tte r sor t, on w h i c h 2 7 is ost, th e r e l
mk
.
d be p u t e nou gh of th e poore r
sh ou l sor t to a e a i n of 2 7 Sin c e
mk
g a .
1 p ou n d of th e p oor e r sort a es a
g a i n of 37 , 7 of a p ou n d l
wil
mk a e a
ga i n of 27 . S o wi th e ve r
y p ou n d of th e be te r t sor t mt b us e
p t 8
u of a p ou n d of th e p oore r , or , w i th 3 pou nds of th e be tte r , 2
p o u n ds of th e poore r . Ans I n th e proporti on of 3 to 2 . .

1 54 M EN T A L A RI T H M E T I C .
139 In w h t p op tio m t off

a r or n u s c ee o th 16 7 d fi
w r an co
po d b m
ee
m my b w o th
.
w o th r 22 7 a i d th t th
u n e xe a e i t x ure a e r
po d 7 a un
140 I w h t p opo ti o m t l ohol w o th 8 3 g llo b

n a r r n u s a c r a a n e
m i d wi th w t th t th m my b wo th 8 2 g llo 7
.
xe i t a er a e x u re a e r a a n
14 1 A g o .h vi g tw ki d f t w o th 4 0 7 d 60 7
r ce r a n o n s o ea r an a
po d p ti v ly w i h to fill b holdi g 36 po d
u n r e s ec e s es a ox n u n s
m po d H w m y po d f
, ,
w i th i t aw o th 557 x u re r a un o an u n s o
h mt h t k 7
.
e ac u s e a e
142 H w m y po d of i o w o th 57
an po d m t b u n s r ce r a u n u s e
m d w o th 8 7 po d th t th m my
.
i d w i th 8 po
xe u n i t s r a un a e x u re a
b w o th 7 7
e po d 7
r a u n
143 A m i v t d . t i an mof m o y d l ltd

n es e a c e r a n su ne , a n ca cu a e
h i p ofit
s th v t
r t
on b t ft w d
e oll ti g
e n u re a u a er ar s c ec n
8 150 w h i h h h d gi v c p b d
e d bt f ad th t h i en u as a a e ou n a s
p ofit o to 1537 W h t w th mi v t d 7
, ,
r r se . a as e su n es e
144 T h t of i t t e t i bo d h i g b
ra e n ere s on c e r a n n s
d f om
av n een re
hold fi d h i i om th by
.
du ce to 6 7
r o ne er n s s nc e e re
md 869 y l
,
a e W h t i th f
a e ar v l of th bo d h
e ss . a s e a ce a ue e n s e
hold 7 s
145 A m old 2 o w f
.
8 60
an s h O h gi d c s or e ac . n on e e a ne
20 7 d th oth
an h l t 20 7
on O both tog th
e di d h
er e os . n e er e
gi
a n or l 7 os e
14 6 A m ld h f 8 180 wh i h w
a n so t lo f
on e or s e or c as a a ss o
m t h ll oth ho o ti g th
.
,
2 57 At w h a t p i r ce u s e se an er r se c s n e
mto g i o gh t ff t thi l 7
.
sa e a n en u o o se s os s
14 7 A old .pi of l d t B g i i g 257 B old i t t

s a e ce an o , a n n s o
C g i i g 4 0 7 I f 0 g 357 foot f i t wh t di d A
, a n n . av e a or , a
g i v 7e
14 8 I f y b y ppl t th ou t of 3 f 2 t d ll
u a es a e ra e or c e n s, a n se
th mt th t of 2 f 3 t w h t p
.
e a e ra e td y gi 7 or c e n s, a e r ce n o ou a n
14 9 I f good bo ght 2 0 7 b lo w th whol

. s l p i u e e e sa e r ce a re
so ld 2 0 7 bov th t p i w h t p
a eti g i d7 a e r ce n s a ne
m g i if h k 20 7 m
r ce , a
150 W h t p td a e r ce n o oe s a an a n e as s re
th o t d th t k ff 10 7 f omh i k i g p i 7
.
,
an c s , an en a es o r s as n r ce
M I S C E LLAN E O US E X AM PLES . 155
151 Stocks bou gh 10 7 be w th e r ig i na lvalu e

. u st be t lo o m
t
d a t wh a t pe r ce n a bo e th e r i g i n a l a u e to ga in 20 7 7
sol v o vl
N O TE .
1” of 90 is wh a t pa rt of 100 1
152 . A tr a d er g a i n e d 8 320 by ll i g t 20 7 b v wh l
se n a a o e o e
sa l of go d h
i l
ot o s h d b ght t 20 7 b low w h l l
a
t h im
e ou
e p r ce a a e o e sa e
pi r ce H w m h did th
. o uc e g d oo s cos 7
153 A lot of g od i
. o s s s old t f th t ilp i b t th
a o e re a r ce u e
t il p i
re a i dv r ce s an a a nce of 80 7 th t Wh t i th
on e co s . a s e
t llo
ac u a p t 7 ss e r ce n
1 54 W h t m t I k f l a ti g 85 y rd th t ft r
u s as or ace cos n a a a a e
m m
.
,
f ll
a i g 2 57
n y p i I y g i
on2 0 7 th o t 7 r ce , a a n on e c s
155 A lot of il lo t 10 7 by l k g b t th
. mi d
O s ea a e, u e re a n er
w ld t
a s so dv of 2 0 7
a it
an a t Wh t p tw
an c e on s cos . a e r ce n as
i
a ned th w hol 7 on e e
of om good i 2 57 l th
g
1 56 T h w hol . l p i e e sa e r ce s e s s e ss an
th et il p i
re a d th t il p i i dv
r ce , a n of 50 7 e re a r ce s an a ance on
th o t Wh t p
e c s t i g i d by lli g t th whol l
. a e r ce n s a ne se n a e e sa e
r ic e 7
p
1 57 . Th e w of holti l b i g
e sa l
e d of p r ic e an ar c e e n an a van ce
30 7 th on d th t il p i t
e c os , a n dv f 60 7 e re a r ce an a a n ce o on
th o t wh t p
e c s , t do ad l g i if h b y t th
e r ce n es a ea er a n e u s a e
wh l l d ll t th t il p i 7
o e sa e a n se s a e re a r ce
1 58 A t d h vi g lo t 20 7 of h i good by fi hop
ra er a n s s s re , es
ll th mi d f
.
t o se e reo gh t o h i l
a n er At w h tor e n u o c ve r s os s a
m
.
p e r t bo
ce n o t tath ll i
ve c g p i bs 7 u s e se n r ce e
1 59 T h w hol . l pi f e t i ti l i
e sa e d r ce o a ce r a n a r c e s an a va nce
of 2 57 th o t d th t il p i i
on e c d
s , an of 60 7 e re a r ce s an a va n c e
on th w h l l Wh t p
e o e sa e t bo o t i p i d by
. a er ce n a ve c s s a on e
wh p h o t di
u rc t of
ase s a th a t il p i 7 scou n on e re a r ce
Wh t p a t bov th w hol l p i 7
er ce n a e e e sa e r ce
16 0 A f i t d l lo t 257 of h i f it d old th
ru ea er s s ru a n s e re
mi d f
.
,
a n gh t g i 2 0 7
er or e n ou th w hol o t Wh t o a n on e e c s . a
p t
e r ce n di d h g i th t old 7
e a n on a s
161 bo ght a b of o g f 8 6 b t 2 0 7 f th f it
I ox ran es or u o e ru
m
. u ,
p vi
ro g n d w h t d i d th o
u n sou n d f i t lly,
t 7a e s un ru re a co s e
1 62 I f i of y d of loth i
. old f w h t aof y d o t
a ar c s s or a a ar c s ,
wh t p ti g i d7 e r ce n s a ne
pl i t t m
a
163 A mof m
. o y t im su o t to 8345 ne a s e n e re s a u n s
3y
n d t 8 37 5 i 5 y
e ar s an W h t i th o t of i t n e a rs a s e ra e n er
mf m
.
est d th an o y7 e su o ne
1 64 A m old
,
. ho d i g f
an s 8 4 80 O th a r se an ca rr a e or . n e
ho h lo t 257 th i g h g i d 257 d th e ca rr a e e a ne , an e
fo m Wh t
r se e s , on
gi a n onth l tt j t off t th lo e a th er u s se e ss on e r er . a
w th
as o t d w h t th p i
e c s , an i d f h7 a e r ce r e ce v e or e ac
165 By w h t p . t i th l bo of wi g fi w d
a er ce n s e a r sa n re- oo
i d if h t i k i t i to 4 p t i t d f 3 7
nc r e a se e ac s c s cu n ar s ns e a o
166 I f w g i d 20 7 d th
a t do w
e s a r e r a se h w an e n cu n o
do th y om
.
p w i th wh t th y w
e c tfi t 7
ar e a e e re a rs
M I S C E LL A N E O U S PR O B L E M S .
1 22 ti ty f g w o th 8 7 po d i
167 A q u an o su ar r a u n s
m m h of oth g d wo th 10 7
. .
i d w i th t wi
xe ce as uc an er ra e r a
po d Wh t i
u n po d of th m i t
a w o th 7
s on e un e x u re r
168 A m w o k d 15 d y h i g h i
.
an to w o k w i th
r e a s, av n s s on r
h i m10 d y
.
d i v d 8 40
a Wh t w
s, a n th w g of
r e ce e a e re e a es
h lf m h th f th i d y 7
.
e ac h if th e son e ar n s a as u c as e a er n a a
1 6 9 W lt d G o g hi a bo t f 8 9 W lt i vi t
e r an e r e re a a or a er n es
t to o m p y th m H w m h m
. .
7 d G o g 3g
an e r e o
u es s acc an e . o u c re
h asW lt to p y th G o g f th
a er f th bo t 7
a an e r e or e u se o e a
17 0 T h b y hi d ho f re e o g i g to t k
o s re a r se or a s e a s n , a re e n a e
i g h im d t h
.
t u rnsi n u s n p i p opo t i o to th an o s ar e e x e n se n r r n e
tim h ho ld h im O d h i m2 w k d 1 d y
,
e e ac s u u se n e u se ee s an a ,
.
an oth 2 w k d 4 d y d th oth 3 w k d 2 d y
er ee s an a s, a n e er ee s an a s.
Th p
e ex w 8 35 W h t w
e n se h boy h of i t 7
as a as e ac
’
s s ar e
tf m pl 50 m
.
17 1 A dB t an il p t dt v
se ou ro a ce s es a ar an ra
h oth till th y mt H w f di d h
.
e lld to w d
e ar s e ac er e e . o ar e ac
t v l i f A t ll d f i 2 ho
ra e , B did i 3 ho 7
r av e e as ar n u rs as n u rs
M I S C ELLA N EOUS E X A M PLES . 157
17 2 T wo m p id 8 9 8 for do i g mw k so or Wh a t
mh wo k i 3 d y
. en ar e a n e .
sh o ld u e ac h g e t if on e do es as uc r n a s as th e
th d er dy 7 oe s in 4 a s
im
o
17 3 T h w yf
. t do w by th
re e o d id f
a p l
a r e rs sa n e r a s e or a s e
re p t A f i h d 2 lo
as . B 3 lo vu rn s dC g 30
e t a v e s, a e s, a n ave ce n s
t bo d i i d d p op ly b tw A d B “Wh t ho ld b
e v e r er e een an . a s u e
th h of h 7
e s ar e e ac
17 4 A p d of t l t d m 15 d y
. ou n d it w o ld ea as e a an a s, a n u
h ave l t d hi wi f 12 d y H w lo g w i ll p d l t
as e s e a s . o n a ou n as
both 7
1 7 5 S ppo i t h
u pi p wh i h w ill fill i t i 4
se a c s e rn a s on e e c n
oth wh i h w ill m
.
ho d
u r s, a n pty it i 3 h
an er I f th c e n ou rs . e
i t
c s e rn i f ll d th w t s i u ll w d t a n f ly th gh e a er s a o e o ru n re e rou
i w h t t i mw ill th m
,
b th p i p
o e s, n i t b pti da e e c s e rn e e e 7
176 Th w . tw q l mof m
e re o y i t t
e re o e u a su s ne on n e r e s , on e
for 2 y t 37 d th ot h
e ars a f 1 y t 47 a Th i t
n e er or e ar a e n er
both mw
, .
e s t on W h t w th i t
su s t as h7 a as e n e re s on e ac
W h t w th v l of
a as h m7 e a ue e ac su
177 M C h pi g h i tw b y 8 2 d told th mto

r a n ave s o o s a n e
d i i d th m o y b tw th mi th ti o of th i g
. .
,
v e e ne e If ee n e n e ra e r a es
th 11 h w m h
.
on e f th b y w
o 9 y e ld d th
o s as e ars o an e o er , o u c
did hby
e ac i 7 o r e ce v e
17 8 T w t . ll t t t th
o mt imf mdiff t
ra v e e r s se ou a e sa e e ro e re n
t w
o ns d t l tw d an h th r aveA h w i ll to lar s e ac o er
’
s or se r av e
f m
.
r o tow t th th i 4 h
on e n d B
o i 5 ho e o er n ou r s, a n
’
s n u r s.
I n h w my ho o ft th y t t d th y mt 7
an u rs a er e s ar o e ee
17 9 I f t T f p g o i g o d f h i a g i e rson s
’
a e, a n o s a e s
mwill b 1 y l th h i g ; h w old i
o , ,
.
a d d d the , e su e e ar e ss an s a e o s
h e 7
180 . W ill i e h as s om e c oi n s a rra n g d i i ght ow
e d n e r s, a n
fin ds th a t if
th y w gdi e e re arran e n t w l ow h w w o ld
e ve r s e ac ro u
b 4 oi
e ho t H w my
c i h h 7
ns s r er o an co n s as e
m
.
18 1 T p d of i i w th 14 7 po den ou n s ra s n s or a u n ar e i d xe
m
.
wi th fift po d w th 20 7 po d W h t i th
een u n s or a un . a s e i t x u re
wo th rpo d 7 a un
158 M EN T AL A RI T H M E T I C ’
.
182 h ty m di d t g th t t v b t b fo th
en en ne o e er a a a e r n,
m
. u e re e
ko i g w p i d 4 of th
n n b w t w y l vi g th
as a e nu er a a ea
t t p y w h by h m
rec en , n e
re s o a ko i g w i e re d h lf eac
’
a n s re c n n as n c r e a se a
H w m h w ld
,
a doll ar . h h v p i d if ll h d
o uc ou e ac a e a a a
t yd7
s a e
1 83 T w lv p o g g p ie i we go f t
e rs ns i en a e a cn c a n or a ce r a n
mb t 4 m
.
su o jo i i g th p ty th
u p e t
re hi n n ar
di m
, e , e ex e ns o e ac s
i i h d by 2 of
n s doll W h t w p i d f th w go 7
e a ar . a as a or e a n
184 A B . d C do pi of w o k i 4 d y ; B d
, , an ca n a e ce r n a s an
C d it i 6 d y ; C d A do i t i 8 d y ; i h w
my d y
ca n o n a s an ca n n a s n o
an h do it lo 7
a s ca n e a c a ne
1 85 A pol . t d d w t b t if th w t ho ld
e s an s u n er a e r, u e a er s u
i
r se foot d h lf 5 of th pol wo ld b
a an a d wt a e e u e u n er a e r.
H w lo g i th pol 7
o n s e e
1 86 I . t i h ol th g b
n a c e r a n sc of th boy i o e a ve ra e a se n ce e s s
7 p t th t of th gi l 5 p
er ce n , t W h t i th p
a e r s er ce n a s e er
m
.
ce n t of b f th
a w hol h ol if th
se n c e b of b y
or e e sc o e nu er o s
e q l th m
ua s b of gi l if th m
e nu b of boy i do bl
er r s 7 e nu er s u
m
s e
th e m b of gi l 7 if th
nu er b of gi l i do bl th
m
r s e nu er r s s u e e
nu b of boy 7 er s
18 7 A f i 40 l p b fo ho d
ox d m
s k 3l p ea s e re a un an a es ea s
d mk 2 b t 2 of th h d l p o
.
,
w h i l th h
’
e e ou n a es u e ou n s ea s c ve r as
m h g d 4 of th fo H w m y l p wi ll th
,
’
u c r ou n as e x s. o an ea s e
b ou n d t k t t h th f 7
a e o ca c e ox
18 8 A m p t h l f h i m
. o y d h lf doll ; th
an s en a s ne an a a ar en
h lf of w h t h h d l ft d h lf doll w h h h d 8 16
a a e a e an a a ar , en e a
re mi i g H w m h mo y h d h t fi t 7
a n n o u c ne a e a rs
189 A m w t to mk t wi th m
.
an ti b of p i g
en ar e a ce r a n n u er s.
old 7 f th mth
.
Th fi t d y h
e rs a t d y h old 6 pig
e s o e e ne x a e s s
m mi d ft wh i h h h d 4 pi g l ft
,
o th re f th an o e re a n e r, a er c e a s e
H w my h d h
.
t fi t?
f th m
o an a e a rs
19 0 T w m i op t h ip g i 8 240 ;
o en n c ar ne r s a n on e o e
m
.
p ut i 8 1 00
n o th 3 of th to k d h d
re 8 100 h i
an e s c an a as s
sh of th g i Wh t w s th whol t k d h p t
ar e e a n . a a e e s oc , a n e ac ar
ne r s s h’
f it ? are o
M I S C ELLAN Eo US E XA M PLE S .
159
19 1On loo i n g a t w I k
n a th ti f m th ko th t m om
t mf o m ho
.
y a c re c e e r
noo n u p to 3 ho
u r s a go i s e u a to 9 of th e i e r 3 u rs q l
h e n c e to i ni t W a i s th e i emd gh da y 7 . ht t m of
vd
1 9 2 D i i e 8 67 00 e w e e n A a n d B i n s u c h a wa y th a t bt
m m
.
t
A s s h a re a t in e r e s t 12 e ar s a t 5 7 s a a
’
u n t to th e sa e y h ll o
as B ’
s s h are i n 10 y e ar s a t 7}7 .
1 93 T wo fi fths of a c e r ta i n f diun s p u t on i n te r e s t at 7 7,
mi d m
.
an d th e re a n er on in t e r e st a t 57 a y e a r T h e in co e
m p t f th f m
.
fr o on e ar o e u n d e x c e e ds by 8 40 y a e ar th e i n co e
fr o m h oth p t t e er ar . What is th v l eof th a ue e w ho l e fu n d,

a nd of e a c h p t7 ar
19 4 A q ti ty f f dd r w ill l
u an o o e as t a ho rse an d a c ow 4
m th
.
on s H w l o g wi lli t l t
o h n as e ac i f th e c ow e a s t o ly a n as
mh ho e i gi v ti m7
.
,
m
u c as a rs n a en e
19 5 th p ovi i
A de ta c h t l t e nt is se n t ou t wi r s ons o as
h lf of th d t hmt
.
12 d y At th
a d of 3 d ys . e en a s on e a e e ac en
is d or dt t t k i g w ith i t
e re fo th of th p
o re u r n , a n on e u r e ro
v i i th
s ons o md H w l g w ill th mi d f
en u n c n su e o on e re a n er o
o l t th oth h lf of th d t hmt 7
.
th p e i i ro v s ns as e er a e e ac en
19 6 A d ov h vi g lo t 1 f h i ttl old of th
mi d t d
. r er a n s o s ca e s e re
a n f 50 7
er a th o t g tti g 8 450 d
an a vance o
m dv
on e c s , e n a n
old llb t 3 of wh t mi d f
,
th t th
e n a e sa e a ance
8 36 0 H w m y ttl h d h
s a u a re a ne or
.
t fi to d w h t di d th y
an ca e a e a rs ,an a e
1 97 Aft er A h ad s p t en of h is m
o y an d B 3 of h i s,
m mi i g
ne
m
.
th e y ha d q e u a l su bu t B h ad p t 86 o
mh m
s re a n n s en re
,
th an A .
h tfi t7H ow o yh
u c ne ad e a c a rs
1 98 A h t d o t t g th t 8 15 h i h t d v t
’
. s a an c a o e e r c os s a an es
t g th
o et 8 13 ; h i v t d o t tog th
e r co s o t 8 18 w h t s es an c a e er c s a
w th aso t of h ti l 7 e c s e ac ar c e
199 A t v ll w i hi g to b t t i pl t 12
ra e er s n e a a ce r a n ace a
t i tim d go t th
.
l k fi d if h t t t
’
o c oc n s e s ar s a
t f 10 m
, a ce r a n e an es a e
ra e o il ho h w ill b 2 ho ly b t if h
es an ur
t of 6 m
e e u rs e a r , u e
g t th
oe s a il h h w i ll b 2 ho l t
e ra e es an ou r e e u rs a e .
Wh t i th l gth of h i jo
a s y7 e en s u r ne
2 00 A m
th t i f h gi 12 p h pi to
an fin ds a e ve s e ac es a e ce
mgi l h w ill h v 5 p h l ft b t if h t i to gi
.
so e r s e a e e ac es e u e r es ve
th m15 p i h d 25 m H w m y gi l
,
e a e ce e ne e s or e o an r s are
H w my p
.
th e re h h h o an e ac es as e
201 A boy h d ti m b f ppl If h h d

a a ce r a n nu er o a es e a
ld th m t th t f 2 f 1
. .
so e a t h w ld h v l t
e ra e o or ce n , e ou a e os
2 t b t by lli g th m t th t of 3 f 2 t h
c e n s, u se n e a e ra e or c e n s, e
g i d 7 t H w m y ppl h d h
a ne ce n s. o an a es a e
202 A boy lo t 20 of h i h i k ; th h bo ght s s c c e ns en e u a
m
.
nu b q l t Q of th h h d l ft f t w hi h h h d
er e u a o os e e a e a er c e a
m m
,
}
1 as y h hand t fi t as H w y h d
e h t fi t a a rs . o an a e a rs
203 A d B d pi an f wo k i 5 d y B dC ca n o a e ce o r n a s, an
1 0 d y ; i w h t t im
.
i 6 d y
n d A a d C i
s, a n ll
an n a s n a e ca n a
do i t tog th I w h t t im
e h d it l e ca n e ac a on e
q l m
er n a o
2 04 T w p . hv o b f i i
u rse s h a e an e u a nu er o co n s n e ac ,
b t if 2 o i
u b t k c t f ns d p t i to th oth
e th a e n ou o on e a n u n e e r, e
l tt w i ll th
a er t i 3 f th w h l en m b f oi i c on a n o e o e nu er o c ns n
both H w m y i i o h an co n s n e ac
2 05 A w o k m t th
.
d f th w k h i g
r vdan a e en o e ee av n sa e a
t i mof m y d 8 28 m
.
c e r a n su o th f llow i g w k on e e ar n e re e o n ee
th p t 5of llh i m
, ,
en s en o y d f d h h d l ft tw i a ce as
mh m
a s ne a n ou n e e
,
o y h h d t th
u c ne d f th w k b fo
as H w
e a a e en o e ee e re o
m h h d h th
.
u c a e en
2 06 A h . i 2 0 l p b fo ar e dog d t k 9 l p s ea s e re a an a es ea s
w h i l th dog t k
e 4 b t 3 of th d g l p
e h f
a es u e o
’
s ea s re ac as ar a s
H w my l p h mk b fo
,
7 of th h e ar e s
’
th . o an ea s ca n e are a e e re
sh i e
g h t
s ca u
2 07 A f m . ld h lf f h i h d of w d h lf
ar er so a o s er co s an a a
cow t A th o half f wh t h h d l ft d h lf
, en w t B o a e a e an a a co o ,
an d th h lf of wh t h h d l ft d h lf
en a w t C a e a e an a a co o
ft w hi h h h d 10 ow l ft H w m y w h d h
,
a er c e a c s e o an co s a e
d h w m y di d h
.
1fi t
0 : rs a n llt hb y
o an e se o e ac - u er
,
A PP E N D I X .
T A B L E FO R D RI LL IN W H O L E N U M B ER S .
76 82 94
“ —
I f 35 31
"
19 23 38 47 51
—
18 45 59 7 2 ? 9?
20 26 37 43 58 7 3?
17 24 35 42 60 78
15 21 33 46 57 80
13 29 32 44 55 77 90
12 28 36 41 53 75 83
16 30 34 49 52 73 85
D i c ta ti o n E x e r c is e s on th e T a b le .
AD D I T I O N .
1 . To e ac h nu m
b er i n th e fir s t ol mc u n
1 . Add 1 . 3 Add 3
. . 5 Add 5
. . 7 . Ad d 7 . 9 . Add 9 .
2 Add 2 4 Add 4 6 Add 6 8 Add 8
m
. . . . . . . .
E a na ti t
l mI . n e x e r c i se 1 th e p p
u i l w i l
l g i v e a t si h t r e su l
g ts
th u s a n d s o on
“
i n e xe r ci se 2 h e w illsa y 7 , 5, 4 ,
6 , 4 , 3, 7 ,
mw y h
:
8, 6 , a n d so on . I n th e sa e a e wi l
lgiv e a nsw e rs to th e oth e r
e x e r c i se s .
11
162 APPEN DI X
2 . To e ac h nu m
b er in a n y co u l mth n e t h
e ac er my a se l
ec , t
10 Add 1
. . 12 . Add 3 . 14 . A dd 5 16 . . Add 7 . 18 . Add 9 .
11 . Add 2 . 13 Add 4 . . 15 Add 6 . . 17 . Add 8 .
3 . To e ac h nu m
b er in a ny c ol u mth t h my l t
n e e ac er a se e c ,
19 Add 10 2 1 Add 12 23 Add 14 25 Add 16 2 7

. . . . . . . . . Add 18 .
20 Add 11 22 Add 1 3 24 Add 15 2 6 Add 1 7 28 Add 19

. . . . . . . . .
m y th t h my
.
4 I n th e sa e wa e eac er a di c tt
a e th e a ddi ti o n
m
b f o m20 to 99
.
of th e nu ers r .
5 In eac h li ne a , b , c , e tc of th t bl a e , a dd tog th th e
m
e e er
m
. . . . .
,
nu b ers e x p di
r e sse n c ol u ns
29 . i . and ii . 32 . iv . a nd v . 35 . V 1] . an d vi i i .
30 . ii . and ii i . 33 . v . a n d vi . 36 . vi ii . a nd ix .
31 . i ii . an d iv . 34 . vi. a n d v ii . 37 . ix . an d x.
E xp l
a na ti on . In e x e r cise 2 9 th e pu pi lw i llgi v e h is an swe rs th u s
“4
19 , 14 , an d so on in e x e rcise 30 h e wi l
lsa y 1 , 36 , a nd
so on .
6 In e ac h c ol
u m n, L, e tc , o f th e t bl
a e, fin d th e
mf th m
. .
su o e nu b e rs e x p r e sse di n lin e s
38 . a . an db . 41 . d . and e . 44 g . . an d h .
39 b an d c 42 d 45 h
. . . . e . an
f . . an d j .
40 . c . an d d . 43 .
f . and g . 46 .
j . an d k .
a n a ti on
E xp l . In e x e r c i se 38 th e pu pilw il lg iv e h i s a n swe r s th u s
“ an d so on i e xe r ci se 39 h e w il
“
l sa y 5, 30 , 48 , 7 7 ,
8 , 2 5, ; n
an d s o on .
7 47 In e ac h lm i
co u n, iii e tc a dd as my an of th e
m t h my di
, , ,
. . . .
.
nu b e rs as th e e ac er a r e ct .
8 . 48 . Add th e nu m
b e rs e x p r e ss e di n e ac h of th e l
i n e s, a .
,
b,c
. .
, e tc .
APPEN DI X .
163
M fl on fl x e r d su on th e h b lo, p . m
9 Fro m h m
b in l m iii , e tc th t th
my m
. e ac nu er any co u n, . .
, a e
te a ch e r a na e,
49 . T a ke 1 . 52 . T a ke 4 . 55 T a ke 7
. .
50 . Ta k e 2 . 53 T a ke 5
. . 56 T a e 8
. k .
51 . Ta k e 3 . 54 T a e 6
. k . 57 . Ta k e 9 .
10 . F ro m e ach n u m
b er in an y c o l m ii i
u n, .
, i v .
, v .
, e tc .,
58 . T ak e 10 . 61 . T a ke 13 . 64 . T a ke 16 .
59 . T a k e 11 . 62 . T a ke 14 . 65 T a . k e 17
60 . T a k e 12 . 63 T a ke 15
. . 66 . T a k e 18 .
I n th e m y
sa e t h my di t
wa th e e ac er a c a te th e bt
t 29 f m
su re e
ti o n of th e nu m
b 20 e rs th m b e nu e rs in l m
m
o ro an y co u
m
n
fr o mi v. to x of 30 to 39 f mth b ro e nu e rs in any col

u n
mv
.
fr o . to x , an d so on
. .
12 . In e ac h li ne a , b , c. , e tc , of
. . . th e t bl t
a e, a ke th e nu m
ber ex p re s se d in
67 i f omii
r 70 iv f mv ro 73 f om v u r vin.
f omi ii v f mi i ii f m i
. . . . . . .
68 ii r 71 ro 74 v v ro
i f o mi i
x.
f omi f m
. . . . . . . .
69 . i ii . r v. 72 . v . r 75 i v . . x. ro x.
E xp l
a na ti on . In e x e rci se 6 7 th p pil wil
lg i
e hi u w th ve s a ns e rs us
9 , 8, and so on in i 68 h wi l l y
e xe r c se 13 14 e sa , , an d
so o n .
13 . In e ach c ol u mof th
n e ta bl e fin d th e difie r e n c e
76 . Of a . an d b . 79 . Of d . an d e . 82 . Of 9 . an d h .
77 . Of 6 . an d c . 80 . Of a . a nd
f . 83 . Of an d
j .
78 . Of 0 . an d d . 81 . Of f . an d
g . 84 . Of j . an d k .
14 85 N a mh emb th t m t
t e nu er a u s be dd d
a e to e ac h
m t bl to mk 100
. .
nu b er i n th e a e a e .
164 APPEN D I X .
T A B LE FO R D R I L L I N WH OL E N U M B ER S.
D i c ta ti o n E x e r c i s e s on th e T ab le .
15 . M uli t ply h m
e ac b nu er in c ol u min .
,
86 . By 2 . 89 By 5
. . 92 . By 8 .
87 . By 3 . 90 By 6
. . 93 . By 9 .
88 . By 4 . 9 1 By 7
. . 94 . By 1 0 .
16 . M uli t ply e ac h nu m
b er in a ny gi v ol
en c u m n
97 . By 2 . 100 . By 5 . 103 . By 8 . 106 . By 1 1 .
98 . By 3 . 10 1 . By 6 . 104 . By 9 . 107 . By 12 .
102 . By 7 . 1 05 . By 10 .
A PPE N DI X .
165
17 I n th e mw y th e te a c h e my di t t th e mlt ipl i
m
. sa e a r a c a e u
ca ti o n of th e nu b i e rs n th e ta bl e, by 2 0, 30, 40, 5 0, e tc .
, to
100 .
18 . D i vi d e e ac h nu m
b er in co u l m ns
108 . n . to i i i . by 2 . 1 13 . n . to v ii i by 7 . .
109 . ii to. iv . by 3 . 1 14 . i i to i x by
. . 8 .
11 0 . ii . to v . by 4 . 1 15 . i i to x by
. . 9 .
11 1 . ii . to vi . by 5 . 116 . ii to
. x. by 11 ; by l "
1 12 . i i to
. v i i. by 6 .
E xp l
a na ti on . 108 th e pu pil wi l
In l gi v e h is answ e rs
e x e rc ise
“
th u s 7 ; 5 an d 1 ov e r ; 9 an d 1 ov e r , a nd so on I n e xe rc ise
”
: .
10 9 h e wil v
lsay : 4 an d 2 o e r ; 3 an d 2 ove r ; 6 and 1 ove r , an d”
80 0D .
19 . vd e h Di i e ac nu m
b er in c ol u m ns
1 17 . i tov by 2
. x . . 1 19 . vi . to x. by 4 12 1 . vi i i . to x. by 6 .
1 18 . v to by 3
. x . . 120 . v ii . to x . by 5 . 122 . i x to . x . by 7 .
20 . Wh a t is
1 23 1 h lf of
a e ac h mnub i l m i to i ii
er n co u ns iv to x
h m b i l mi t i
. . . . .
1 24 1 th i d of r e ac nu er n co u ns o v v to x
mb i l m i to
. . . . .
1 25 1 f th f
ou r o e ac h nu er n co u ns v vi to x
h m b i l mi t i
. . . . .
1 26 1 fifth f o e ac nu er n co u ns o v vi i to x.
h m b i l m i t
. . . .
1 27 . 1 i th f
s x o e ac nu er n co u ns . o vii . vi ii .
to x
m m
.
1 28 . 1 se v th of
en e ac h nu b er in co u l ns i . to v iii . ix .
to x
ghth of h m l m
.
129 1 ei b i e ac nu er n co u ns i to i x in x.
h m l mi t
. . .
130 1 i th of
n n b i e ac nu er n co u ns o x
h m l m i to
. . .
131 1 t th of
en b i e ac nu er n co u ns x
h m l m i to
. . .
132 1 l v th of b i
h m
e e en e ac nu er n co u ns x
l mi t
. . .
133 . 1 t w lfth of
e b i e ac nu er n co u ns . o x .
166 A PPE N D I X
T A B LE FO R D R I L L IN FR A C T I ON S
Ex e r ci se s on th e T a b le .
AD D I T I O N .
I n in e s l a . , b c , a dd
. .
134 . i . an d ii . 137 . iv . an d v . 140 . an d vi i i .
135 . ii . and ii i . 138 . v . and vi . 14 1 . v i ii . a n d ix .
136 . i ii . and iv . 139 . v i . a n d v ii . 142 . ix . an d x .
a na ti on
E xp l In e xe rcise 134 th e pu pi l wil
l add an d
.
1 f i
an d
i ; I } and In e xe rc i se 135 h e wi l
la dd 4 a nd f , a n d so on .
In c ol u mins .
,
iii .
, e tc .
, a dd
143 . a an d b .
I 144 . b an d c. 145 . a , b , an d c
. . .
‘ ‘
BU B T R A O I I O N .
In co u l mi ns .
, ii i .
, e tc .
, tk a e
14 6 b f om r a 14 8 c f om10
r 150 a b f om
r
f om
o
f om1 5
. . . . . . .
14 7 b . r c. 1 49 . a r .
I n ine s l a ,
. b .
, c .
, mltiply tog th
u e er
151 . i . an d ii . 154 . iv . an d v . 157 . v n. an d v i i i .
152 . ii . an d iii . 155 . v . a nd vi . 158 . vi i i . a nd ix .
1 53 . i ii . an d iv 156 . vi . an d v i i . 159 . ix . a nd x.
APPEN DI X . 167
Eq mi a t on . I n e xer c ise 151 th e pu pi wi ll u ti pl

y Q an d f l ml
4 an d
i I} an d In e xe rc ise 152 h e w il ti pl
ul y a nd f , a nd lm
so on .
In co u l mi ns .
, i ii .
, e tc .
,
160 . Fi d of b
n a . . 163 . Fi d a fn o a . 166 M . u lti ply by 4 a . .
161 . Fi d 6 of
n . c. 1 64 . Fi d 2 of b
n . 16 7 M. u lt iply b by 6 . .
162 . Fi d of b f
n a . . o c . 165 . Fi d a of
n c . 168 M . u lt iply by 8 c . .
E xp l
a na ti m t . In e xe rc ise l find
160 th e pu pilwil of
i Q of
i
of and so on .
f q,
D I VI S I O N .
I n lin e s a , . b , c , e tc
. . .
, di i d v e
169 . i . by i i . 17 2 . iv . by v . 17 5 . v nby vi ii
. .
17 0 . ii . by ii i . 17 3 . v . by i v . 17 6 . vii i by i . x.
171 . IV . 17 4 . vi . by i i
v . 17 7 . i x by.
In l mi
co u iii tns .
, .
, e c
178 . D ivi d by b 1 81 D ivi d

e a . . . e a . by 3 . 184 . D iv i d e by 8 a .
179 . Di vi d b by 1 82 D i id
e . c . . v e b . by 4 . 185 D i v . id e 12 by b .
1 80 . Di i d vby 1 83 D ivi d
e c . a . . e c . by 6 . 1 86 . D iv id e 11 by c .
In co u l m ns e tc , .
1 87 . a is Q
. of w h t a 190 . W hat p t of ar a . is b .
1 88 . b is 5
. of wh t a 19 1 . Wh t p t f
a ar o c . is b .
1 89 . o. is 5 of w h t a 19 2 . W h t p t of
a ar c . is a .
168 APPEN DI X .
S U G G E S T I ON S AN D S OL U T I ON S .
As sta te d i n th e pr e fa ce ,i t i s pre su e d th at th i s bo ok w i ll, to a con m

e e xte n t, be u se d wi th o u t th e l
si de rabl e s son s h a v i n g be e n p r e v i o u sl
y
studi e d, th e qu e sti ons be i n g re a d a n d a n s w e r e d a t si g h t I t w ill,
m
.
h owe v e r , be u se d also to tra i n th e p u p i li n th e pr ope r for s of a r i th

mi e t ca ll
a n g u ag e . T h e se h e le a r n s by e x pl
a i n i ng
p r o e s W h i l
e bl m .
h is e x pl
a na ti on s d be g i v e n i n h i s o wn la n g u ag e , h e w ill be
sh o u l
ai de d by co m
p i ar n g h i s for mw i h gs t ood md l
o e s
m
.
H fe w ty pi ca le xa
e nc e a es ve d i n th e b od y of th e
a v e be e n so l p l h
book , a n d solu ti on s of oth e rs, to be u se d a t th e d i sc r e ti on of th e
te ac h e r , ar e p u t i n th e A ppe n di x T h e se a r e de si g n a te d by th e n u m
m m
.
be r of th e e xa pl e s olv e d , tog e th e r w i th th e p a g e w h e r e th e e x a p l
e
occ u r s , th u s
Page 2 19 S u gges ti on Le t th e p u p i l dr a w di agr a mwh s en th e

mdm m
. . .
n a tu r e of th e p r obl
e a i ts , th u s, i n th i s pr o bl
e
Fou r m il
es Si x m
i l
es
W
.
— - —r — —
r
“ ' ~
r r r r
.
Pa ge 4 1 Sol
u ti on S i n ce th e r e tw o p age s on one l e af,
m
. . . ar e on
th r e e l
e a v e s th e r e a re th r e e ti es tw o p g
a e s,
w h i c h i s si x
p g
a e s .
Ans S i x pa g es
my i m
. .
Page 4 5 S ol
u ti on H e h as s ste r s th e r e ti
mi
as an as ar e es
m wh i h i im
. . .
th r e e plu s n si x
p l
u s, c s tw o t es . Ans . T w o si ste rs .
Pa ge 14 . 1 . S ol
u ti on I f 2 boy s sh a r e 4 pe a rs, e a c h boy h as 1 h a l
. f
of 4 pe ars, wh i ch i s 2 pe a rs . Ans 2 p e a rs . .
Pag e 14 16 u ti on
S ol O n e th i r d of 6 a ppl is 2 a pp l
e s, an d
m2
. . . es
2 th i r ds i s 2 ti es a p pl
e s, w h ic h i s 4 a p ples . An s . 4 a
pp l
es .
Pag e 19 Ar t 14 Su gges ti on U se c ou n te r s lu str a te to th e

to il
m
. . . .
y ou n
g p u p i l
s th e re l
a ti on s of n u b e rs i n v olv e d i n th i s a r ti c l
e.
Page 2 0 1 S ol
u ti on I f 1 h a lf of th e m on e y is 2 c e n ts, 2 h a lv e s,
m m2
. . .
or th e wh ol
e of th e on e y , i s 2 ti es c e n ts, w h i c h is 4 ce n s t .
A ns . 4 c e n ts .
N O E T . Si m
il a r an a l
y si s a
pp l
i e s to th e a bs tra c t qu e s ti on .
APPEN D I X . 169
Page 20 6 Sol u ti on I f two ti e s th e n u be r of dov e s Osca r m m

m
. . .
h a d i s 4 dov e s,on ce th e nu be r i s 1 h alf of 4 dove s, w ich is 2 dove s h

m
.
A 2 dove s . .
N or a . m
Si i l
ar an alysi s a
ppli e s to th e a bs trac t
qu e sti on .
Page 2 1 16 Sol
u ti on I f 2 th ir ds of so m m
b e nu er is 6 , 1 th ird
m
. . .
of th e b er is 1 h alf of 6, w h i ch i s 3, a nd 3 th ir ds, or th e wh ol
m m3
nu e
nu b e r ,is 3 ti es , w h i c h i s 9 . An a . 9 .
Pag e 24 Since 2 pa i rs cost 12 dol

1 S ol l
u ti on
a rs, 1
p a i r c osts
m
. . .
f of 12 dol
1 ha l la rs , w h i c h is 6 dol
lar s , a n d 3 a ir s w i l
p l cos t 3 ti e s
6 dol
l l
a r s , w h i c h is 18 dola rs .
0
Ans . 18 dola rs l .
Pa g e 2 4 10 Sol
u ti on N ine can s of 2 pi n ts e ac h will h ol
d 9
m 2 pi
. . .
ti es n ts, wh i ch is 18 pin ts To h ol
d 18 pi nts, it will ta ke a s
my m 3 pi
.
an ca n s of 3 pi n ts e ach as th e re a r e ti es n ts in 18 p i nts,
w h i c h is 6 . Ans 6 ca n s . .
Page 30 Ar t 22 Su ggestion T he by th e p u p il
e x e r c ise
s in
mki m
. . . .
a ng e xa p l e s sh ou l
d be c o n ti n u e d th r ou g h th e book , wi th ou t
fu r th e r di r e c ti ons .
Page 6 2 1 Sol
u ti on I f 3 boxes c ost 30 ce nts . 1box w i llc ost 1
m
. . .
th ir d of 30 ce nts, w h i ch is 10 c e nts, an d 2 boxe s lcost 2 ti e s 10

wil
ce n ts, wh i ch i s 20 c e n ts. Ans 20 ce n ts
m
. .
Pa ge 6 3 28 Sol
u ti on I f 1 h alf of th e b e r of figs was 8, two
m
nu
m8
. . .
h alv e s, or th e w h ole nu b e r, w as 2 ti es , w h i c h i s 16 . Ans 16
m
. .
Pag e 64 . 40 . Sol
u ti on . I f 2 th i rds of th e nu b e r o f ce n s t w as
24 , 1 th i r d was 1 h a l
f of 24 , w h i c h i s 12 , a nd 3 th ir ds, or th e w h ol
m m
e
nu b e r, w as 3 ti es 12 , wh i c h i s 36 . Ans . 36 ce n s t .
Page 7 3 10 Sol
u ti on S in ce i n 1 th e r e i n 3 th e r e
4
m4
.
. . ar e , ar e 3
ti 4 wh i c h with 4 a dde d is 4
es , or , . Ans .
4 .
Pg 7 a e 4 22 Sol
u ti on S i n ce 4 e q u a la w h ol th e r e w i l
l be
my
e on e
m4i
. . .
,
w h ol in f th e re ti h c h is 2 , a n d
4 w i 4
mi
as an e on e s as ar e es n ,
re a ns .
Ans . 24 .
N T
O ET h e te ac h e r sh ou l d le a d th e pu pi lto obse r v e th a t i n ch a ng in g
m m m m
.
a fra c ti ona lnu be r to a i x e d n u be r , th e n u e r a tor i s di vide d by th e

m
de n o i na tor , th e qu otie n t be i ng th e wh ole nu be r a n d th e re a i nde r th e m m
Page 7 6 48 Sol
u ti on S i nce l l e qu al 4
wil
. . . 1 e
q u a s
4 4, of
4 ,
wh ich i s 4 Ans
.
.
4 .
17 0 APPE N DI X .
Pag e 85 58 u ti on
Se cond Sol 4 of 5 i s 14, a n d 4 of 5 i s 2 ti m
m
es
m1
. . .
14 ; 2 ti es a re 2 , a n d 2 ti es
4 are
4 ,
or 14, w hi c h a dd e d to 2
e qu a l
s 34 . Ans . 34 .
N O E T T h i s for mf o sol
u e w h e re th e n u
ti on i s pre fe ra bl be r s a r e s o m
mk th
.
la r g e to u ti on gi v e n i n th e body of th e book d ifi
sol i c u lt to
mm t lly
as a e e
r for
p e en a .
Pag e 8 7 116 . . Se cond Sol

u ti on .
4 e qu a l
s
4 4 of
4 e qu a l
s
4 of
4 ,
w h i c h is 4 . A ns .
4 .
N O E T . T h at 4 qu a ls 6 is
e a fac t th a t h as be e n l
ea rn e d by O bse rv a ti on .
[S e e p g
a e
O
Pag e 88 12 9 u ti on
S econd S ol 4 l 44 ; 4 of l
e
q u
4 4 of
m
a s u s
. . . e
q a
44, w h i c h i s 3 an d
4 4, 4 of
4 e
q u al
s 3 ti es 3 wh ich
4 6, i s 494 .
Ans .
2
46 .
N O E T Fro mh i l i t s so u t on , or fro mh t at i i th b d of th e book,

my b mm
g v e n n e o y
mlip ly
.
de ri v e d h t ru l To f r a cti on by a f r a cti on ,
m
a e e co on t
mt g m
e
m
u a
tip l
l y th e to e the r f or ne w n u er a tor , a n d th e de n o i
m
u nu er a or s a
n a tor s toge the r f or a ne w deno i na tor .
Page 90 1 S econ d S olu ti on S i n c e 4 is 4 on e s, i t c on ta i ns
m
on e
m i m4
. . .
4 ti es t c on ta i n s
4, 3 ti es or 12 ti e s, a n d
44 of 1 2 , w h i ch
6 im
;
m
, ,
is t es . Ans . 6 ti e s.
N O E T Fr o mh i t s s ol ti on i s de r i v e d th e fa m
ili ar ru le T o d i vid e by
mlip li
. u
a f r a cti on , i n ve r t th e di v isor a nd p r oce e d as in u t ca ti on .
c on ta i n s on e
Pa ge 9 1 19 S e con d S olu ti on S i n ce 4 is 4 of 1, i t
mi m4 m
. .
.
i 4 ti e s, a n d
4 4 4 of w h i ch
4 of a ti t c on tai n s 4 3 t es or
m
e
im q m
, , , ,
is u a lto 1 4 ti An s 14 ti e s
4 t e s, e es . . .
Pag e 9 3 . 9 . Se con d S ol
u ti on . 1 is 4 p a r t of 2 ; 4of 1 i s 4 of 4 or ,
4 p a r t, a n d
4 i s th e
4 p ar t Ans 4
m m
. .
.
Pag e 9 4 19 First so l u ti on si il ar to th e sol

u ti on for e xa p l e 9
m
. . .
S e cond Sol
u ti on .
4 is 4 p a r t of
4 4 ,
or 1, i s 4 ti e s as gr e a t a.
p a r , ort 4 oi
4; and
4 of l is 4 as g re a t a
p a r t a s 1 is ; 4 of
4 i s
4 .
Ans .
4 .
N O E T . I n th e a bov e a na l s
y ,i s we firs t fin d th e p a r t 4 i s of 2, se con d ,
th e pa rt 1 i s of 2 , a nd fin a lly th e pa rt 3i s of 2 .
Pag e 12 8 83 u ti on
S ol 10 % e qu a l 1 if 1 of a n u m
b is 4 6,
m
s er
16 ;
m
1 6
. . .
ff , or th e wh ol
e nu b e r , is 10 ti es 4 6 , w h i c h i s 4 60 . A ns 4 60 . .
A PPEN D I X .
17 1
W e i g h ts
144 q s u are i nc h e s
9 q s u are fe e t
80} q s u are yar ds or
27 24 q s u a re e e tf
160 q s u are rods
640 ac re s
4 gi sll 1pi nt.
p
2 ints 1q u ar t 17 28 cu bi c inc h es 1 c u b ic foot.
4 q ll f
.
u a rts 1 ga on . 27 c u bi c e et 1 b i c yard
cu .
128 cu bic fe e t 1 cord
2 pi n ts 1 q u a r t.
8 q u a rts 1 p e ck
hl
.
4 p ac ks 1 bu s e .
A v oi r d u p oi s W e ig h t .
16 ou n ce s 1 p ou n d .
2000 p ou n ds 1 ton .
Al
so mm neti es u se d .
28 p ou n ds C i r c u la r or Ang ular M e a su r e .
h ht ll d l 60 se c onds 1 mt i nu
m
e
20 u nd re d we ig 1 ton (c a e ong te n ) .
60 i n u te s 1 d g
m
e re e .
360 de g re es 1 i f
c r cu e re nc e .
2 4 g ra i ns
p
2 0 ennywe ig h ts 1 ou n c e i nc h es l
1 i nk
l 1 h i
.
.
12 100 inks 4 r ods )

1m
ou nce s 1 p ou nd c a n
hi
.
.
80 il
i i g m
a ns e.
m
c
As u sed i n di i
n n e c ne .
2 0 g ra i ns 1 pl (3 s cr u e
8 scr u pl 1 d m3
es ra 10000 q
s u a re li nk s 1 sq hi
u are c a n
m 1
.
3
m
8 d ra (tion
il
a ou n ce
p d
.
1 sq u are e or s e e
12 ou n ce s 1 ou n .
86 se cti ons 1 towns hp i .
12 i nch es 1 foot
f
.
3 ee t 1 y a rd
164 f
.
54 ya r d s ee t 1 rod
ml
or
f
.
320 rods or 5280 e et 1 i e

A MentalArithmetic

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T AB LE OF CO NTENTS .

S ECT I ON S I -I I I VI L-I X. SECT I ON S I V -VI X XI

I . Addi ti on an d Su btr ac I V Addi ti on

II . M u ltiplica tion an d V M u lti plica tion

VI I I Fi n di ng N b X Pa rts of W h ole s and

fro th e ir 20- 2 1 W h ole s fro Pa rts 2 4-2 7

XI V . Ex a pl es i n Addi ti on an d S u btra cti on .

XV . M u lti plica ti on to T we lve ti m es

D i vi si on , Frac ti ona lFor

11 . I h ave a h o r se w ic h h wa s ﬁv e y e ars old th re e y e ar s

2 0 Ell h ﬁ book ; J ah fo m o th Ell

28 A pl g h w h i h o t dollou old f fo doll c c s se v e n a r s, s or u r ars

a ppl w i th oth es b of ppl ; bo t t ki g p t f

tw o doll ar s a da y , h o l an o ars do both e ar n in on e day

in 6 q u ar stg llo i 2 g llo

Giv e a t si ght an s w e r s to th e followi g n

11, 14, 13, 12, 15, 1s, 1 7 , 2 0, 16, 19,

18 N i t i h ne eeno th 12 i hnc e s are o an re an nc es

2 2 A boy old 4 ppl f 9 t d 8 ppl f 8 t

28 A f th i d t h i th a l ittl boy I w ill d i i d

th tw o g q lly m o g y if y w ill t l lmh w

74 John h ad 6 a ppl es ; h e gv a e 1 h ir t d of th mto F y e ann

ne y H w y i lo i 5 ﬁfth ant h w hol jo y es n s, or e e u r ne

boy d giv th mi d to M y H w m y w ill y

8 I p i d 16 doll f 4 a ddl W h t h ld I p y f ars or sa es a s ou a or

19 W h q il w th 2 ﬁfth ofen doll pi h w

37 F i i ghth f qve e t i ty of o i o w old to M

tho d doll fu sa n pi d th old i t t lo of 2

g ave her 2 o p h re e ac es and 2 o re u s. H o an

r ou n d th i l eto 100 c rc e as ne ar as y ou can,

wo e n, an g w th c ren o an a s se n ers ere e re

for re p a i r in g i t, a n d th en so ld i t f or 5 doll ars or e th th

bt t by 3 f m36 f m37 f om38

bt t by 5 f m60 ; f m6 1 f m62 ; f m63 ;

are d thu t r e e s, a n e re s are a ppl t e re e s . o an ar e

on e h p i d 5 doll e ad f th 8 doll ars, a n or ano er ars . o an

2 I . Alb t n book 63 book ; 5

doll w o th f w k po i t d th old i t f 42 doll

and 18 t oth o y h d h lft

w blow w y I f th oof of th hu h w 54 f t bov

e fe r r e d to page s 161 163

e ach b y p y i g 1 ﬁfth f doll

42 N mth mlt ipl

51 . Joh n ca n bu y 6 mbl ar es for a ce n t . H ow my m an ar

“Th t w ill p k d 4 q t t "

a ppl e5 pi ppl on nea es

36 . 72 mth mltipl of 10 to 120

77 mth mlti pl f 12 t 144

hl a ves in e ac h nu b e r wr i tt bo en a ve ; th fou s, u r , te n , e i ght,

It .M lt i ply by 3 d dd 2 M lti ply by 7

2 A p e r son b ght ou 8 p e nci s l at 6 ce n s t

20 A m h t h d 7 b l of ﬂ e rch old 5 b lan a arr e s ou r : e s a rr e s

old 5 b y, h9y o old d 2 boy

31 ; M lti ply th mof 5 d 9 by th i diff

add 7 dd 1 dd th a b y tho ght of t k w y 7

subt t twi thr ac ce b

N T T h e word fac tor m mk S er . o a fa c tor of a n u m

N a mtw f t w hi h mltipli d tog th

an b bo ght f 108 doll

as p ibl i 5 doll bill d th

47 I f b ild h 37 h ad 3 tou w i dow

6 I exc anow e t 12 doll a hf h

hold H w m y q t w ill i t t k t ﬁllth j g 8 ti m ?

For D ri llEx e rcise s i n Di v i si on , se e p ge