. t EXPERIMENT NO, 9 SOLUTIONS A solution is a homogeneous mixture made up of solute dissolved in a solvent. Solu are cluar, nave variable composition, do not settle, may be separated by physical means, snd pass through filter papers. The most common units that are used to express the concentrati of solutions are percentage, molarity, dilution, parts per million, and parts per billion, A solution may be described as soluble, slightly insoluble, not soluble, which is depenieni on the solute — solvent ratio, described as saturated, unsaturated, and supersatucated. Whether a particular solute dissolves in a particular solvent it will depend on the factors that affect its soluiility. These are (1) the ature of the solute and solvent, (2) the temperature of the mixture, and (3) pressure for gases. The effect of temperature of solubility disfers according to the state of solute, while pressure generally afects only those involving the solution of gases. lubility of a solic! or liquid is the maximum amount of the solid that will be dissolve in a given amount of particular solvent at 2 given temperature. The general rule of solubility is “tik cissolves ftke", cv zaning polar solute is dissolve in polar solvent and nonpoler solutes are dissolve in nonpolar solvent. However there are nonpolar compound that are soluble on a polar solvent, and depends on the reaction of hydrogen bond to the nonpoiar molecules. PROCEDURES: A. SOLUBILITY OF SOLID IN LIQUIDS 1. Place a sinall arnount the following substance in a separate test tube just enough to be dissolved: sugar, cupric sulphate, soutum chloride, starch, naphthaiene. Add 40m tap water, cover with cork end shake. Let it stand for 10 minutes. Record ail observations. Save the solution for the next procedure 2. Place 200m water in a beaker, this will serve as the water bath. Heat to boil. Set off the flame and place all test tubes-with insoluble solution remove all the cork before placing ther: in the water bath for S minutes, shake and record all observations. 8, SOLUBILITY OF LIQUIDS tH LQUIOS _ 1. Place 2mt of distilled water in a clean and cy test cube. Add 3mL 95% ezhy! sich? shake. Add ImL inore, shake and record all observstions. aia 2, Place 3mL dlisted water in 2 clean and dry test tube, Add inv. ef glycerine and record # ol.servations. ctr. - page 32 General tnorganie Chesnisty Laboratory Marval 2a Edition 2612C. SOLUBILITY OF Gas IN LIQUIDS 1. Open a canned soft drink, place at least SOmL in the beaker and record all observations. Half fill a beaker with tap water. invert a fully filed test tube in a beaker. ha tube in a vertical position with the mouth below the surface of the water in a a Heat gently until Noticeable changes occur, and record all observations. D. CLASSIFICATION OF SOLUTIONS hi first 1. Dissolved 2g of sugar in 250mL beaker containing 15mL water. This is your fir: solution. Record all observations. i ail Use the first solution. Add more sugar until no more dissolves. This is your secor solution. Record all observations. oe 3. Fill enough water into a water bath. Heat until boiling. Pisce the er nis the second «olution into the water bath continue stirring until al co poate from solution. Set off the flame and remove the solution. comple cost Mee solution. Record all observations. Bo not place very hot Lapresrty — chien table use 2 weoden place mat to avold breakage, thermal shack cause: the apparatus.ACTIVITY REPORT EXPERIMENT NO. 9 SOLUTIONS Ratin wenlsonpee ag Course/¥e. Set} Date Submitted: DATA AND RESULTS: A. SOLUBILITY OF SOLIDS IN LIQUIDS | ‘SOLUBILITY | | Samples COLD or {a | 2 - 2 {a - | s - a ] B. SOLUBILITY OF LIQUIDS IN LIQUIDS [Samples SOLUBILITY a 7 2 _ | ¢. SOLUBILITY OF GAS IN LIQUIDS | Samples _ ____ OBSERVATION. 2 ~ 7 ] D. CLASSIFICATION OF SOLUTIONS _ | Sampies _ CLASSIFICATION 1 ! 2 : - 3 2 en ‘ram cecum General Inorganic Chentistry Laboratory Manual 24 Edition 2012 Page 34questions su 4, explain why are sugar and salt, mor, soluble at higher temperature? 2. Explain why some liquids are not soluble in water? 3, Define saturated, unsaturated and supersaturated? 4. Discuss what hapyencd to the third solution in procedure D.