AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY

SUMMER ASSIGNMENT

VOCABULARY PROJECT
You will create a glossary that will be kept in your class notebook to aid in your
understanding of content as we progress through each unit. The following terms are broken
down by unit. We will review these terms and you will be expected to refer to your glossary for
quick access to definitions over the course of the school year.

Complete the following components for each term:

1.       Find a relevant and simplified definition. You may copy a definition from a source
directly and then CITE THE SOURCE!
2.       Simplify and paraphrase. After you’ve copied the definition directly, write a “so what”
statement that breaks down the term IN YOUR OWN WORDS.
3.       Find a url that directs you to an example of the term being used effectively. This may
include a news article, an encyclopedia breakdown, a picture of a type of map, or anything
else that provides contextualization of the term. Note: You DO NOT need to copy the
example out. Just place the url beneath your definition for easy access later
on

You will need to have a printed copy of the terms for each of the unit vocabulary terms
provided below, and will be expected to keep those terms in your class notebook throughout
the year as a reference material. This will help us to accelerate through the course as we
progress through units 1-7.

You are encouraged to work with friends to complete this project! The important thing is that
you are beginning to engage in the process of utilizing AP Human Geography terminology
and that you have these terms as a reference material in your binder.

When printing, please consider shrinking the font and formatting with multiple columns to
keep the project to as few pages as possible so to preserve paper and reduce printing costs.
 AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY
UNIT 1 VOCABULARY

List of Terms:
1. Reference Map 27. Satellite Imagery
2. Physical Map 28. Absolute Location
3. Thematic Map 29. Relative Location
4. Cartogram 30. Space (Geography)
5. Choropleth Map 31. Place
6. Dot Density Map 32. Pattern
7. Graduated Symbols Map 33. Human-Environment Interaction
(aka Proportional Symbols Map) 34. Distance Decay
8. Absolute Distance 35. Time-Space Compression
9. Relative Distance 36. Time-Space Convergence
10. Absolute Direction 37. Movement (geography)
11. Relative Direction 38. Flows (geography)
12. Spatial Pattern 39. Globalization
13. Clustering 40. Network
14. Dispersal 41. Sustainability
15. Elevation 42. Natural Resources
16. Spatial Scale 43. Land Use
17. Map Distortion 44. Environmental Determinism
18. Map Projection 45. Possibilism
19. Geographic Data 46. Spatial Scale
20. Geospatial Technologies 47. Region
21. Geographic Information System (GIS) 48. Regionalism
22. Satellite Navigation Systems 49. Formal Region
23. Remote Sensing 50. Functional Region
24. Online Mapping and Visualization 51. Perceptual / Vernacular Region
25. Spatial Information 52. Regional Boundaries
26. Census Data 53. Regional Analysis
 AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY
UNIT 2 VOCABULARY

List of Terms:
1. Population Distribution 26. Demographic Transition Model
2. Carrying Capacity 27. Neo-Malthusians
3. Baby Boom 28. Migration
4. Population Density 29. Gravity Model of Migration
5. Agricultural Population Density 30. Chain Migration
6. Baby Bust 31. Voluntary migration
7. Social Stratification 32. Step Migration
8. Age-Sex Composition Graph 33. Ethnic Enclaves
9. Echo 34. Push factors
10. Arithmetic Population Density 35. Counter Migration
11. Population Pyramid 36. Xenophobia
12. Dependency Ratio 37. Pull factors
13. Physiological Population Density 38. Return Migration
14. Birth Deficit 39. Brain Drain
15. Dependent Population 40. Asylum
16. Crude birth rate 41. Forced Migration
17. Epidemiological Transition Model 42. Remittances
18. Total fertility rate 43. Intervening Obstacles
19. Stationary Population Pyramid 44. Internally Displaced Person
20. Anti-Natalist policies 45. Ravenstein’s Laws of Migration
21. Crude Death Rate 46. Refugees
22. Pro-Natalists Policies 47. Human Factors
23. Demographic Balancing Equation 48. Physical Factors
24. Infant Mortality Rate 49. Ecumene
25. Malthusian Theory
 AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY
UNIT 3 VOCABULARY
List of Terms:
1. Ethnicity
2. Race
3. Material Culture Traits
4. Nonmaterial Culture Traits
5. Ethnocentrism
6. Cultural Relativism
7. Sequent Occupance
8. Indigenous Communities
9. Ethnic Neighborhood
10. Gender
11. Gender Role
12. Role of Women in Workforce
13. Gendered Spaces
14. Sense of Place
(Strong Sense of Place)
15. Place Making
16. Centripetal Forces
17. Centrifugal Forces
18. Relocation Diffusion
19. Expansion Diffusion
20. Contagious Diffusion
21. Hierarchical Diffusion
22. Stimulus Diffusion
23. Lungua Franca
24. Creolization
25. Colonialism
26. Cultural Imperialism
27. Trade
28. Culture is Socially Constructed
29. Culture Change
30. Globalization
31. Urbanization
32. Time-Space Convergence
33. Cultural Convergence
34. Cultural Divergence
35. Local Culture (Folk Culture)
36. Loss of Indigenous Languages
37. Assimilation
38. Culture Hearth
39. Civilization
40. Language Family
41. Dialect
42. Ethnic Cultures
43. Indo-European Language Family
44. Conquest Theory
45. Agriculture Theory
46. Diffusion of Religion
47. Toponym
48. Universalizing Religion
49. Acculturation
50. Multiculturalism
51. Syncretism
52. Placelessness
53. Pop culture
54. Interfaith Boundaries
55. Intrafaith Boundaries
56. Sacred Sites (Spaces)
 AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY
UNIT 4 VOCABULARY
List of Terms:
1. State
2. Nation
3. Nation-State
4. Stateless Nation
5. Multi-National State
6. Multi-State Nation
7. Autonomous Region
8. Semi-Autonomous Region
9. Sovereignty
10. Colonialism
11. Imperialism
12. Self-Determination
13. Independence Movements
14. Political Power
15. Democratization
16. Authoritarian Government
17. Democracy
18. Republic
19. Democratization
20. Neocolonialism
21. Shatterbelt
22. Choke Points
23. Irredentism
24. Human Territoriality
25. Boundary
26. Boundary Delimitation
27. Boundary Demarcation
28. Boundary Administration
29. Boundary Dispute
30. Irredentism
31. Antecedent Boundary
32. Consequent Boundary
33. Subsequent Boundary
34. Superimposed Boundary
35. Relict (relic) Boundary
36. Geometric Boundary
37. Berlin Conference
38. Colonization in Africa
39. Colonization in South America
40. De-Colonization
41. Demilitarized Zone (DMZ)
42. International Agreements
43. International Sanctions
44. Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)
45. Territorial Sea
46. Contiguous Zone
47. Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)
48. International Waters (High Seas)
49. Median-Line Principle
50. Voting District
51. Redistricting
52. Gerrymander
53. Unitary State
54. Federal State
55. Subnational Political
Territorial Unit
56. Autonomous Region
57. Semi-Autonomous Region
58. Devolution
59. Supra-Nationalism
60. United Nations (UN)
61. European Union (EU)
62. North American Free
Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
63. African Union (AU)
64. North Atlantic Treaty
Organization (NATO)
65. Association of Southeast
Asian Nations (ASEAN)
66. Arctic Council
67. Military Alliance
68. Trade Agreement
69. Economies of Scale
70. The Paris Agreement
71. Political Change
72. Centripetal Forces
73. Centrifugal Forces
74. Genocide
75. Ethnic Cleansing
 AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY
UNIT 5 VOCABULARY
List of Terms:
1. Agricultural Practices
2. Land Use Patterns
3. Climactic Conditions
4. Tropical Climate
5. Mediterranean Climate
6. Market Gardening
7. Plantation Agriculture
8. Mixed Crop /
Livestock Systems
9. Shifting Cultivation (slash and
burn)
10. Intensive Farming Practices
11. Extensive Farming Practices
12. Nomadic Herding (
Pastoral Nomadism /
Transhumance)
13. Rural Settlement Patterns
14. Rural Land Use Patterns
15. Long-Lot Survey System
16. Metes and Bounds Survey
System
17. Township and Range Survey
System
18. Fertile Crescent
19. First Agricultural Revolution
20. Columbian Exchange
21. Globalization of Agriculture
22. Second Agriculture Revolution
23. Industrial Revolution
24. Green Revolution
(Third Agricultural Revolution)
25. Subsistence Agriculture
26. Commercial Agriculture
27. Monoculture
28. Mono-Cropping
29. Multi-Cropping
30. Bid-Rent Theory
31. Agribusiness
32. Feedlots / Concentrated Animal
Feeding Operations (CAFOs)
33. Commodity Chain
34. Economics of Scale
35. Von Thünen Model
36. Global Supply Chain
37. Commodity Dependency
38. Global Food Distribution
39. Desertification
40. Soil Salinization
41. Land Cover Change
42. Pollution
43. Conservation Efforts
of Agricultural Land
44. Sustainable Agriculture
45. Terraces
46. Irrigation
47. Deforestation
48. Draining Wetlands
49. Pastoral Nomadism
50. Agricultural
Biotechnology
51. Genetically Modified
Organisms (GMOs)
52. Aquaculture
53. Value Added Foods
54. Organic Farming
55. Urban Farming
56. Community-Supported
Agriculture (CSA)
57. Fair Trade
58. Local-Food Movements
59. Dietary Shifts
60. Food Insecurity
61. Food Desert
62. Global Food Distribution
63. Food Distribution
Problems
64. Adverse Weather
65. Suburbanization
 AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY
UNIT 6 VOCABULARY

List of Terms:
1. Urbanization 32. Red-Lining
2. Site 33. Blockbusting
3. Situation 34. Affordable Housing
4. Megacity 35. Access to Services
5. Meta-City 36. High Crime Rates
6. Suburbanization 37. Environmental Injustice
7. Suburb 38. Disamenity Zone
8. Suburban Sprawl 39. Zones of Abandonment
9. Edge City 40. Squatter Settlements
10. Exurb (Slum / favela / barrio/ shantytown)
11. Boomburb 41. Land Tenure
12. World City 42. Inclusionary Zoning
13. Network 43. Local Food Movements
14. Globalization 44. Urban Renewal
15. Urban Heirarchy 45. Gentrification
16. Rank-Size Rule 46. Functional Fragmentation of Government
17. Primate City 47. Urban Sustainability
18. Gravity Model 48. Low Density Housing
19. Christaller’s Central Place Theory 49. Medium Density Housing
20. Low Order Goods 50. High Density Housing
21. High Order Goods 51. Residential Buildings & Patterns of Land
22. Urban Models Use
23. Burgess Concentric Zone Model 52. Sustainable Development
24. Hoyt Sector Model 53. Zoning
25. Harris and Ullman Multiple Nuclei Model 54. Mixed Land Use
26. Galactic City Model (Peripheral Model) 55. Walkability
27. Bid-Rent Theory 56. Transportation-Oriented Development
28. Latin American City Model 57. Smart Growth Policies
29. Southeast Asain City Model 58. New Urbanism
30. Sub-Saharan African City Model 59. Green Belt
31. Housing Discrimination 60. Slow Growth Cities
 AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY
UNIT 7 VOCABULARY
List of Terms:
1. Industrialization
2. Spread of Industrialization
3. Economic Sectors
4. Primary Sector
5. Secondary Sector
6. Tertiary Sector
7. Quarternary Sector
8. Quinary Sector
9. Spatial Patterns of Industrial
Development
10. Core
11. Semi-Periphery
12. Periphery
13. Least Cost Theory
14. Agglomeration
15. Footloose Industries
16. Less Developed Country (LDC)
17. Newly Industrialized Country
(NIC)
18. More Developed Country (MDC)
19. Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
20. Gross National Product (GNP)
21. Gross National Income (GNI)
Per Capita
22. Economic Sectors of the
Economy
23. Formal and Informal Economic
Activity
24. Gini Coefficient
25. Fertility Rate
26. Infant Mortality Rate
27. Access to Health Care
28. Literacy Rate
29. Gender Inequality Index (GII)
30. Human Development Index
(HDI)
31. Gender Parity
32. Objective of Gender Equality
33. Microloan
34. Rostow’s Stages of Economic
Growth
35. Wallerstein’s World Systems
Theory (Core-Periphery Model)
36. Dependency Theory
37. Commodity Dependence
38. Neo-Colonialism
39. Comparative Advantage
40. Complementary Advantage
41. Neoliberal Advantage
42. Neoliberal Policies
43. Free Trade Agreements
44. World Trade Organization
(WTO)
45. Mercosur
46. OPEC
47. Tariffs
48. Global Financial Crisis
49. Debt Crisis
50. International Lending Agencies
51. International Monetary Fund
52. Microlending
53. Nongovernmental
Organizations (NGOs)
54. Outsourcing
55. Economic Restructuring
56. Manufacturing Zones
57. Special Economic Zones
58. Free Trade Zones
59. Export Processing Zone
60. International Division of
Labor
61. Post-Fordist Methods of
Production
62. Multiplier Effect
63. Economies of Scale
64. Just-in-Time Delivery
65. Emergence of Service
Sectors
66. High Technology Industries
67. High Technology Corridor
68. Growth Poles
69. Problems Stemming from
Industrialization
70. Sustainable Development
71. Ecotourism
72. Sustainable Development
Goals (Global Goals)