CLIL module - A.S.

2022/23

Transmission Media
Lesson 3 – (part 2)
 In this lesson

Transmission media
Coaxial cable
Twisted pair (TP)
Fiber Optic
Wireless

Transmission Media - Contents

 Main parameters: attenuation
Attenuation definition:
A = 20 Log10 (VIN / VOUT) [dB] (amplitude ratio)

or A = 10 Log10 (PIN / POUT) [dB] (power ratio)

VIN
VOUT

Attenuation is expressed in Decibel [ dB ]

High value means bad performance
Transmission Media - Attenuation
 Main parameters: cross-talk
cross-talk (NEXT – Near End Cross Talk) definition :

XT = 20 Log10 (V1 / V2) [dB]

V1
Twisted
Pair 1
V2
Twisted
Pair 2
Cross-talk is expressed in Decibel [ dB ]
High value means good performance

Transmission Media - cross-talk

Main parameters: Frequency (band)
Frequency ( Bandwidth ) : the maximum signal
frequence that can be sent over the transmission
medium with attenuation < 3 dB
Band affects Data Rate [ bps ]

Band is expressed in Hertz [ Hz ]

High Bandwidth means high Data Rate

Transmission Media – band

 Coaxial Cable
Not used anymore in LANs.

Inner wire Outer wire & shield: braid

insulator sheath

Transmission Media – Coaxial

 Twisted Pair (TP)
UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair

STP (Shielded Twisted Pair)

Divided into categories: 1, through 6

Used in Telephony (categories 1, 2, 3, 4) and LANs

(categories 5, 5e, 6 ).

Sheath (cover) Shield (foil) Twisted

Interlaced

Transmission Media – TP
 Fiber optic
A Light signal is sent through the cable
No Electro-Magnetic Interference

Transmission Media – Fiber Optic

 Fiber optic
Single-mode / multi-mode

(a) – Multi mode (b) – Single mode

Transmission Media – Fiber Optic

 Wireless Networks
PROs
High frequency Radio Waves
Good and cheap solution in historical buildings.
CONs
Electro-Magnetic Interference
Security problems
Lower speed compared to Wired LANs

Transmission Media – Wireless

 Wireless Networks

3 cathegories:
Bluetooth, IR
LAN wireless
WAN wireless

Transmission Media – Wireless

 Bluetooth
Communication mode : master-slave.

Transmission Media – Bluetooth

 Wireless LAN
Devices need a wireless interface card (it has an antenna
to transmit and receive).

Devices can direcly communicate

each other within a short distance
(point-to-point connection)

Devices can communicate each

other through an access point

Transmission Media – Wireless LAN

 Wireless WAN
Mobile cell phone network
Broad band Wireless WAN Networks

Transmission Media – Wireless WAN